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icl f f • c RAMAKRISHNA* C.R. SREERAJ 'c. RAGHUNATHAN c. SI'VAPERUMAN J.5. V'OGES KUMAR R,. RAGHU IRAMAN TITU,S IMMANUEL P;T. RAJAN Zoological Survey of India~ Andaman and Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair - .744 10Z Andaman and Nicobar Islands -Zoological Survey ,of India/ M~Bloc~ New Alipore~Kolkata - 700 ,053 Zoological ,Survey of India Kolkata ClllATION Rama 'kr'shna, Sreeraj, C.R., Raghunathan, C., Sivaperuman, Yogesh Kumar, 1.S., C., Raghuraman, R., T"tus Immanuel and Rajan, P.T 2010. Guide to Opisthobranchs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands: 1 198. (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India/ Kolkata) Published : July, 2010 ISBN 978-81-81'71-26 -5 © Govt. of India/ 2010 A L RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this pubUcation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system I or tlransmlitted in any form or by any me,ans, e'ectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission ,of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shalt not, by way of trade, be lent, resofd, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publishers consent. in any form of binding or cover other than that in which, it is published. I • The correct price of this publication is the prioe printed ,on this page. ,Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any ,other , means is inoorrect and should be unacceptable. IPRICE Indian R:s. 7.50 ,, 00 Foreign! ,$ SO; £ 40 Pubjshed at the Publication Div,ision by the Director, Zoologica Survey of ndli,a, 234/4, AJC Bose Road, 2nd MSO Buillding, 13th floor, Nizam Palace, Kolkata 700'020 and printed at MIs Power Printers, New Delhi 110 002. CON IE TS INTRODUCTION •... '........ '.. '.. '............ '........................................................ '.. 1 MORIPHOlOGY .'.. '.. '.... '... ., ........ '. ., ............... '.. '.. '........ "...........•........ '.... '....... '..... 3 FOOD A 0 FEEDI _ G ...•. ,......... '. ... ..... ..... '.• '.... '.. '.. '.. '. .......... '..•. '..•. '... ..••••. '.. '.. .....•..... '... 7 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ............................................ '..... '.. '.. '...•........ ... 0......................... 8 REiPRODUcriON .. '......•.. '.. '.. '............ '.. '.. ,.. '.".. .... ". ..... '.•.•.. '. '.. .. '..•.•... '.... '..•. '.. .•. 0 NUDIBRANCHtA V/S POL YCLADIDA ...........................' .. H '............. '•• '•• '• ••••• 13 SYSTEMATICS ................... '.......... '........................................ '................ 1,5 REV .EW OF !LITERATURE ........ '.. '.. '... ...... '.... '. •'.. '.. '.. ,..•..••.....• '..•. ,....... '•....• '.. •.' ..•... 17 SURVEY .... ,. '.. '.. .. t ••• • " . ........ , .............. , ........ '•• ,' ....... " .............. ''''',., ..... ,. ".of " ". , ••••• ,. ,.,.of , ... 20 'DESCR1PTION ,OF OPISTHOBRANCHS •.•....• '.. '. ..... '....... '.• '.. '.......... __ ....... '... 23 1. Benhella m.art:ensi ... '......... ,......... .. .. ,.... " .. , .. , .. , .. ,........ ,., .. ,..... , .. ,... ........ ' .. ' .... ,..... 24 2. Stylocheilus longicauda ........................ ,............... u ••• u ..... u.,.. u • •• 26 3. Aglaja tricolorata ...... ,........ ,... ...... ,..... ,................. '.......... ... '........... ,....... .. '.. 30 4. Chelidonura punctata ...... ....... '..... '......... '....•... ',...... '....... '.,.................. 32 5. ,Ch,elidonura s.andrana .............. ,.. ,.... '............... '.. ,..... ,.. ,............ ,...... .... 34 6. Philinopsis cyan,ea .,... '........... .. ........ .. '.......... '.... '.. '....... ,..... ,., ............... ,... 35 7. Philinopsis pilsbryi ................ '.... ,.... ,....................... ......................... 37 8. Phi/in,opsis speciosa .,.... ,.................... '.. ,.. '...... ,............... ,.. ..' ......... ..... ,.. 39 9 .. Micromelo guamensis .. '. ., ..... ........ ,.. ,.. ,.... ,...... ,..... ,. ............... .............. 42 10. Haminoea o lvalis ........ '.. ,........ '...... '...................................... '........ 44 11. Elysia abe; ....... '.. '.... '.. '............ ........ '.. '.. '....... ,......... '.. ,.. ,..... '.. '....... '.... '..... '.'. 47 12.. Elysia ornat.a .,......... ,.............. ,............... ,.. '............... '................... ...... 48 1,3. Syphonota geographica ........ #0 '...... #0 .. #0 ......................................... 50 14. Thuridilla Bayeri '...... ,.. '.... ....... ,.. '............ '............... '.......... ,.. '.............. 5,1 15. Tnuridill.a carlsoni .. ,.. ,............ ,.. ,..................................... '. ...... ,.......... 52 16. Plakobranchus oce/latus .................... 14 ......... ,............................... 53 17. Armina cygnea .'................. ,......... ,.. ,.. '.... ... ,...... ,.. ,.. ,.. ................. '...... ,. 58 ICOBAR Is' os 18. Armina semperi ..•.•. '.. '......• '...•. '............ '... '.... '......... ,.... '....... ,......•.•.•. '..... '. 59 19. Ha/gerda bacalusia ................ '.........•. '.. ,......................................... '... 61 20. Halg.erda strickland; ............ '.. O' . '•• '._ ••• '•• 'e.'•••••••••• '••••••••• '•• e., . '••••• '••••• 0 ••• ,••• 63 21. Halgerda tessellata .'....... '........... '.......... ,.... '.,............ '.. '......... '....... '.. '....... '. 65 22. ,Hop/odoris armata .'.......... '...... '.................... ,.................... ,......... '... 6,7 23. Jorunna funebris •...•. '.. '... '.. '....•. '...•.•• '.•...•.•..••.• '.. '...•... '.. '........... '....... '.. 69 24.. ,)orunna rubescens '....... '... '.........•........ ,..... '............ ,....... ,.. '........... '........ 71 25. Cadlinella ornatissima .... '.. ,....... '.. ,.. '...•... '........ '..•..•. '...•.. 04 ............... 74 26. Ceratosoma trilobatum .................................................................... 75 27. Chromodoris elisabethina ............................... 0.0 ................ e ..... ,...... 77 28. Chromodoris fide/is .....................•'•. '...•... ,•.. ,.••. '...................... '........... '.. 78 29. Chr:omodoris,geminus ..•.......•... '...• '...•.•. '.•...•....•...•. '............. '........ .•• 79 ,30. Chromodoris gleniei .'...... '........... .., ... '... '........ '••. '...... '...... ,.. '........... '.. ,.. '..... ,.. 81 31. Chromodoris striate//a '.•.•..• '....................................................... '•..•••• 83 32. Chromodoris tinctoria ............. '.. '............ '.•.•. '................ '....•. ,.............. 84 33. Glossodoris ,atr,omarginata ..................................... '......................... 87 34. Glossodoris ,cincta ......................... '.................. ................................... 89 ,35. GJossodoris hikuerensis ......................................... 4O •• 4O ••••••• ,•••••••••• 90 36. ,Hypselodoris bullock; .'....... '.. '............... '..... '.............. ,..............•..... ,92 ,37. Hypse/odoris emma .... '............ '.. '.................. '..•. '........................ ,..•. '.... 94 38. Hypse/odoris krakatoa .... '................................... '........... '... '............. 95 39. Hypselodoris maculosa •. '....... '.. ,...... '.......... '.. '.. '.. '..•.... '.. '............... ,,,.'.• 97 40. Hypse/odoris nigrostriata ...... '....................... '.. '.......... .,. .'..... '.......... 99 41. Hypselodoris sagamiensis .............. '............................................. 1,00 42. Hypselodoris zebrina ................ '.......................... '.. '.... '... '... 0. '....... ' . ,1,02 4.3. Mexichromis multituberculata ............................................. '...... 104 44. Risbecia ghardaqana ..................... '.. '..... '...... '.............. '...•. '..... ,.• '.... 1,05 45. Risbecia pulchella ......... '.•.......•... '.... '......• '.........••.... '... ,........ "..•. '.. '... 1,07 ,46. Dendrodaris denison; '.. ,... ,.... '.. '........................ '........... ,.. '... '.• '......... 110 47. Dendrodoris nigra ... '....... ,................... '.. '....... '.. ,....... ,.. ,.. ,...•. '....... '.. '. 1,1,2 48. Goniodoridella savignyi .............. H .................................................... 1.15 49. Hexabranchus .sanguineus ................................................................ 117 50. Nembrotha lineolata .............................., ........... ,............................. 120 51. Nembrotha purpureolineata .H.H.U ........ "'.,., .......................................... 121 52. Gymnodoris ceylonica ...., ......, ............... ',. ............, .............................. ,.... ,.. 124 .53. Gymnodoris citrina .................. ', ......... '.. '............ '............. ......... '..... ........ ,.. 125 54. Gymnodoris rubropapulosa .. ,......................... ,.................................. 126 55. Gymnodoris striata ......... ,............ ....... ,.................... ............................... 127 56. Gymnodoris subflava ............................................................... ,...... 128 57. Fryerla marindica .... ,.... ,.. ,.. ,.. ,........ .......... ,.. ............ ,............... ,.... .............. ,.. 131 58. Phylltdia ,alyta .... ,............... ..............., ................ '........... ,.,.. ... ,...... .......... 133 59. Phyllidia coelestis .......... '.. ',.'...... ..... '. ............... '........ '.. '. .'..... ..... '.......... ... ,...... 134 60. PhyJlidia madangensis ............ ,........................................