Horthy Miklós, a Tengerész (Az Elsı Világháborús Évek, 1914–1918)

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Horthy Miklós, a Tengerész (Az Elsı Világháborús Évek, 1914–1918) Közép-Európai Közlemények Történészek, geográfusok és regionalisták folyóirata VI. évfolyam 4. szám, 2013/4. No. 23. Közép-Európai Közlemények Történészek, regionalisták és geográfusok folyóirata TANÁCSADÓ TESTÜLET Botos Katalin DSc, a Tanácsadó Testület elnöke A Tanácsadó Testület tagjai: Buday-Sántha Attila DSc, Pécsi Tudományegyetem Csáth Magdolna DSc, Kodolányi Fıiskola Horst Haselsteiner akadémikus Hajdú Zoltán DSc, MTA Regionális Kutatások Központja Rechnitzer János, DSc, Széchenyi István egyetem Süli-Zakar István DSc, Debreceni Egyetem Tóth József DSc SZERKESZTİSÉG Fıszerkesztı: Dr. habil. PhD PhD Gulyás László – Szegedi Tudományegyetem Fıszerkesztı-helyettes: Prof. Dr. Szávai Ferenc DSc – Kaposvári Egyetem, Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem SZERKESZTİ BIZOTTSÁG Dr. PhD Andrej Tóth – Silesian university in Opava, University of Economics, Prague Prof. Dr. Gazdag Ferenc – Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem, Budapest Dr. PhD Keczer Gabriella – Szegedi Tudományegyetem Dr. habil. Marjanucz László – Szegedi Tudományegyetem Prof. Dr. Majoros István, DSc – Eötvös Lóránd Tudományegyetem Dr. PhD Maruzsa Zoltán – Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Dr. PhD Miklós Péter – Szegedi Tudományegyetem Prof. Dr. Nagy Imre – University of Novi Sad Dr. habil. Papp Norbert – Pécsi Tudományegyetem Prof. Dr. Rédei Mária, Dsc – Nyume SEK Dr. habil. Gál Zoltán – Kaposvári Egyetem, MTA KRTK Dr. PhD Sípos Anna Magdolna, PTE FEEK, Dr. univ. Tóth István – Móra Ferenc Múzeum, Szeged Dr. PhD. Tonk Márton – Sapientia EMTE, Kolozsvár Dr. PhD Veres Lajos, elnök-vezérigazgató – Hazai Térségfejlesztı Rt., Dunaújvárosi Fıiskola Felelıs kiadó: Egyesület Közép-Európa Kutatására Elnök: Dr. Gulyás László Székhely: 6727 Szeged, Lıwy Sándor utca 37. e-mail: [email protected] ISSN 1789-6339 HU ISSN 1789-6339 Technikai szerkesztı: Kádas Gabriella Nyomda : s-Paw Kereskedelmi és Szolgáltató Bt. 6794 Üllés, Mezı Imre u. 7. ~ 3 TARTALOMJEGYZÉK Elıszó .................................................................................................................................... 5 ÚJRAGONDOLT NEGYEDSZÁZAD – Horthy-korszak – ROVAT Vizi László Tamás: „Hiszem és remélem, hogy … hamarosan visszatérhet a régi barátság és megértés” Horthy Miklós mohácsi beszéde és a szerb orientáció alternatívája a magyar külpolitikában ......................................................................... 7 Nagy Miklós Mihály: Horthy Miklós, a tengerész (Az elsı világháborús évek, 1914–1918) ................................................................................................................ 39 Miklós Péter: Az apostoli királyság és a protestáns kormányzó. Horthy Miklós és a katolikus fıpapok ................................................................................................ 51 Giczi Zsolt: Katolikusok és protestánsok együttmőködése a keresztény-nemzeti Magyarországért az 1910-es és 1920-as évek fordulóján .......................................... 58 Fizel Natasa: Felsıoktatás-politika a Horthy-korszakban ............................................... 70 Csíky Balázs: A magyarországi szélsıjobboldal és a katolikus egyház viszonya az 1930-as években ................................................................................................... 79 Olasz Lajos: Zászlódiplomácia – 1941. Az 1849-ben orosz kézre került honvéd- zászlók visszaadása ..................................................................................................... 90 Zeman Ferenc: A hódmezıvásárhelyi országgyőlési képviselıválasztások 1926-ban .................................................................................................................. 104 Kiss Gábor Ferenc: A Magyar Királyi Honvédség gyorscsapatainak alkalmazása 1938–1941. ......................................................................................... 116 Pintér István: A Magyar Királyi 2. Honvéd Hadsereg harcai 1942–43-ban (Vázlatos áttekintés) ................................................................................................ 125 Suba János: A „visszatért” területek katonai közigazgatása (1938–1941) .................... 136 Szávai Ferenc: Adalékok a magyar–német gazdasági kapcsolatok történetéhez, különös tekintettel a gyıri program megvalósítására .............................................. 151 VEZETÉSTUDOMÁNY ROVAT Gulyás László–Fazekas Anita: Az e-HRM megjelenése, avagy a humán erıforrás menedzsment fejlıdésének hetedik szakasza ........................................... 165 RECENZIÓK Szakály Sándor: TRIANON, HONVÉDSÉG, HÁBORÚ, SPORT Válogatott írások Magyarország XX. századi történelmérıl Ismerteti: Gulyás László .......................................................................................... 174 ~ 5 Elıszó 2008 tavaszán induló folyóiratunk No. 23-as számát tartja a kezében az ezen sorokat olvasó érdeklıdı. Amikor elindítottuk folyóiratunkat, számos a szerkesztéssel kapcsolatos részletkérdés tisztázását a jövıre bíztuk. Úgy gondoltuk, hogy a „learning by doing” módszer alkalmaz- va, ezek majd kiforrják magukat. Számításunk bevált, folyóiratunk lapszámról lapszámra vált egyre professzionálisabb tudományos folyóirattá. Ma már büszkén mondhatjuk, hogy a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia által számon tartott referált folyóirattá váltunk. Jelen lapszámunk is szolgál a minıség további emelése irányába mutató változással: A már létezı és folyamatosan mőködı rovatrendszert finomítottuk. Terveink szerint a ro- vatok élére az adott területet jól ismerı szakembert kérünk fel rovatvezetınek. Így egy-egy rovat minıségért (tartalom, minıség) egy-egy kiváló szakember felel majd. Elsıként az „ ÚJRAGONDOLT NEGYEGSZÁZAD – a Horthy-korszak – ROVAT” élére kértünk fel rovatvezetıt, Dr. Miklós Péter személyében, aki meghatározó tagja a kor- szakot kiválóan ismerı, rendszeresen és elmélyülten kutató fiatal történész generációnak. Bízunk abban, hogy Péter személye, mentalitása és széleskörő tudományszervezési tapasz- talatai garanciát nyújtanak a rovat magas színvonalón történı mőködtetéséhez. Itt jelezzük, hogy következı folyóiratszámainkban újabb rovatvezetık felkérésére is sor fog kerülni. Szeretnénk kihangsúlyozni, hogy folyóiratunk nem zártkörő klubként mőködik, azaz várjuk történész, geográfus, regionalista és közgazdász (elsısorban a gazdálkodástudomá- nyok területérıl) kollégáink ötleteit és tanulmányait folyóiratunk számára. Befejezésképp köszönetet mondunk mindenkinek, aki munkájával, támogatásával lehe- tıvé tette, hogy a Közép-Európai Közlemények elindulhasson, és eljuthasson a No. 23-as számáig. Kérjük, maradjanak továbbra is szerzıink, olvasóink. Szeged, 2013 ısze Dr. Gulyás László fıszerkesztı ~ 7 VIZI LÁSZLÓ TAMÁS * „HISZEM ÉS REMÉLEM, HOGY… HAMAROSAN VISSZATÉRHET A RÉGI BARÁTSÁG ÉS MEGÉRTÉS” HORTHY MIKLÓS MOHÁCSI BESZÉDE ÉS A SZERB ORIENTÁCIÓ ALTERNATÍVÁJA A MAGYAR KÜLPOLITIKÁBAN „I HOPE AND BELIVE, THAT… THE OLD FRIENDSHIP AND APPREHENSION CAN RETURN SOON” MIKLÓS HORTHY’S SPEECH OF MOHÁCS, AND THE ALTERNATIVE OF THE SERBIAN ORIENTATION IN THE HUNGARIAN FOREIGN POLICY ABSTRACT At the end of august 1926., whole Hungary was burning in ceremonial fever. The nation pre- pared for the ceremony of the four hundredth anniversary of the battle of Mohács. Just before the anniversary they made several events in Mohács, and country-wide. The central celebration was on the 29 th august 1926. Contemporary newspapers reported the events in details: about the foundation- stone of the Votive Church of Mohács, about the wreathing of the battlefield and King Louis II.’s tomb. This essay’s first part recalls these festive events. It quotes the most important speeches. Espe- cially highlighted the speech of the Republic of Turkey’s Embassy and Miklós Horthy, Hungary’s governor’s wreathing speech. The second part of the article presents and analysis the speech’s do- mestic and international political reacts. Tries to answer the question that was Horthy’s speech the announcement of the Hungarian foreign policy’s Serbian orientation? In order to strike a gap on the Little Entente’s ring. Or conversely. A non-coordinated governor’s action, that did not brought forward the merits of the Hungarian–Yugoslav rapprochement. But on the contrary. It prevented an agreement between Hugary and Yugoslavia. Interestingly, finally the speech had forign policy re- sults: Opened up the possibility of cooperation and approchement between Budapest and Rome. 1. Bevezetés A középkori Magyar Királyság bukásához vezetı 1526. augusztus 29-i tragikus kime- netelő mohácsi csatavesztés 1926-os négyszázadaik évfordulójára emlékezve már hóna- pokkal és hetekkel korábban megkezdıdtek az ünnepi elıkészületek. A jubileum közeled- tével számos társadalmi egyesület, mozgalom – Baranya Vármegyei Gazdasági Egyesület, egyetemi hallgatók Turul Szövetsége, Vármegyei Tisztviselık Országos Egyesülete, Kato- likus Legényegylet, Pécsi Egyházmegyei Tanítók Egyesülete stb. – tartott országos össze- jövetelt, értekezletet, tanácskozást, nagygyőlést, szervezett kiállítást és egyéb rendezvényt a baranyai településen. De nemcsak Mohácson és környékén emlékeztek meg a négyszáz évvel korábbi eseményekrıl, hanem azokon a településeken is útjelzıket, emléktáblákat és emlékmőveket avattak, ahol a II. Lajos magyar király és Tomori Pál kalocsai érsek vezette haderı 1526 nyarán a támadó török sereg felé tartva Mohács irányába vonult. 1 Az országos és megyei lapok a „Mohácsi vész naptára” vagy más hasonló címmel indítottak kronológiai * Dr. PhD Vizi László Tamás fıiskolai tanár, oktatási rektorhelyettes, Kodolányi János Fıiskola. 8 ~ Újragondolt negyedszázad – a Horthy-korszak
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