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Note to Users NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available UMI BY: MARILYN K. PEcm . A Practicum Submiited to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Natural Resources Institute University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada O May, 1999 National Libraty Bibliothèque nationale 141 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliogaphic SeMces services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. nie Wellington OtîawaON K1AON4 Ottawa ON K1AON4 Canada Canada Ywr lYe Votre réfëfence Our IB Notre reference The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retaius ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in ths thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fkom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. THE UNIVIERSI'IY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES ***** COPYRIGHT PERMISSION PAGE ANISHNABE HOMELAND EUSTORE TRADITIONAI, LAND AND RESOURCE USE OF RIDING MOUNTAIN, MANITOBA MARILYN K, PECKETT A Practicum submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF NATüRAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Permission has been granted to the Library of The University of Manitoba to lend or sell copies of this thesisfpracticum, to the National Library of Canada to rnicrofiim this thesis and to lend or seli copies of the film, and to Dissertations Abstracts International to publish an abstract of this thesisfpracticum. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither this thesisfpracticurn nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's written permission. The Anishnabe of the Rolling River and Waywayseecappo First Nations have historically held a long-standing relationship with their territorial land base, a majority of which is now within Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba- Traditional land use in the national park has been restricted for almost seventy years and, over tirne, these communities feel that their knowledge, perspectives, and relationship to the land have been "over1ooked" and "forgotten" by Parks Canada Significant issues of concem for these First Nations uiclude the facts that First Nations were not consulted during the process of estabiishing this national park; First Nation participation has not been integrated in the development of management and stewardship policies; and First Nations history is not presented at the Park's interpretive centre. Parks Canada made a cornmitment to a Task Force convened jointly by the Canadian Museums Association and the Assembly of First Nations in 1990-92 to improve and extend the current application and presentation of Aboriginal history and traditional knowledge at the parks and sites under its management. Motivated by this commitment, Riding Mountain National Park administration and the two First Nations expressed an interest in developing a new relationship and effecting partnership activities for the fbture. As a first means to communicate the historic relationship of the Anishnabe to the area, research was undertaken to compile the oral history related to the traditional land and resource use of Riding Mountain. Data were gathered for the "Pre-SettlementY7,"'Pre- Riding Mountain National Park", and "Post-Riding Mountain National Park" tirne periods during videotaped interviews. Map biographies were compiled on 1:50,000 mylar- overlain base maps and were generated from the oral histories shared by the First Nation community Elders. A set of four computer generated maps illustrate the traditional land and resource use before and after Riding Mountain National Park was established; ecological and cultural knowledge; and toponyms (place names). The maps summarize the knowledge and historic relationship of Rolling River and Waywayseecappo First Nations to the Riding Mountain National Park land base. The maps are an excellent communicative tool that can assist a broad audience to understand the dynamics and implications of establishing a national park within an existing social and economic landscape. The maps also provide a new source of baseline Somation about the area, and will be used as an educationaf tool in the communities' schools. Recommendations have been developed fkom the results of this research to enhance the relationship between First Nations and Park administration; to reestablish First Nations' sense of place and dignity within the national park; to negotiate changes in policy; and to identiQ meaningfur partnership activities that enhance future community well-being. This research will help prevent Merattrition of the communities' knowledge base associated with the traditional use of Riduig Mountain, and help to recapture the sense of pride and place in the Anishnabe homeland history of Wugiiwing. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The nch history contained in this report is a direct result of the concerted efforts and support of a number of key persons and agencies whose contributions are respectfully recognized. The support of Chief Moms Shannacappo and past-Chief Dennis White Bird (Rolling River First Nation), and Chief Murray Cleanky (Waywayseecappo First Nation) provided the mandate for this research. Their continued support has helped ensure the success and completion of this important work The oral histones provided by Elders are the most important components of this research. From their stones, the researching partners were able to share in the experiences and leam Eom the lmowledge gathered during years of traditional use of their Wagiiwing homeland. The Elders' openness, patience, and knowledge offered to the researcher were gratefüliy appreciated. The oral histones were expertly illustrated in GIS by Ms. Wendy Creed. Thank you al1 for helping me to present the Anishnabe Homeland Histoty. The researcher respectfully acknowledges the work on my behalf undertaken by my academic conunittee. Dr. Fikret Berkes (Naturd Resources Institute), provided leadership, encouragement, graduate student opportunities, and his years of international experience to enrich both this research and my learning experience. Dr. Rick Eüewe (Department of Zoology) shared years of teaching, opportunities for practicd leaming on the land, and a long-standing fiiendship to both the student and person that 1have becorne. Dr. Helen Fast (Department of Fisheries and Oceans) has been a respected role model, as a woman dedicated to excellence and thoroughness of the student research process and product. Mr. Greg Fenton (Parks Canada) has been dedicated in his support of this research and of the First Nation comxnunities. His sensitivity and cornmitment should prove invaluable as the research partners move together into the future. 1 am indebted to my academic cornmittee for their collective inputs to the written practicum. Any remaining deficiencies are completel y my responsibility. The research was financed through a number of fiinding contributions. hdian and Northem Mâirs Canada (Resource Access Negotiations Funding Program) was the main funding source. West Region Economic Development Corporation, on behalf of the First Nation communities, accessed and administered these funds. Riding Mountain National Park (Parks Canada) provided the initiai fünding support for the research. My academic advisor, Dr. Fikret Berkes, provided funding fkom his SSHRC research grant. 1 also received Manitoba Hydro's 1996 Natural Resources Institute Entrance and DaRoblin 1997 Graduate Fellowships. The research could not have been completed without such generous support. The Land Managers of each community, M.. Thomas Shannacappo (Rolling River Fht Nation) and Mr. Walter Mentuck (Waywayseecappo First Nation), were excellent research partners who facilitated the pre-interviewing process and worked tirelessly to ensure the completeness of the information gathering* both in interviews and during community workshops. 6eniendship, insights and assistance are special gifts that were shared and appreciated during our research together. The long distance travel away f?om home and famiiy was easier and more enjoyable because of the warm home, meals, and companionship of Mrs. Margaret Mentuck (Waywayseecappo First Nation). Giichi rneegwetch! My fmily must be cornmended for enduring eight years of my schooling. It will take at least this long to compensate for choosing to sit in fiont of the computer, or with rny textbooks, instead of beside you. Thank you for the fkeedom and support to start a new and better life. Thanks must be extended to one special fiend, Sheila Hinds, who believed in me and encouraged me to take that first step and apply to university. Thanks mut also be offered to one who did not believe in me, as this instilled a stubborn sense of conmitment to complete rny degrees to the best of my abilities. For guidance dong my winding path, my utmost respect to Elder AIfied Redsky. To the many fnends and instructors
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