Smart Technologies: Unique Opportunities Or the Global Challenges of Transhumanism

Yulia VORONTSOVA, Artur ARAKELYAN, Vladimir BARANOV

DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v15i2.335 Yulia VORONTSOVA, Artur ARAKELYAN, Vladimir BARANOV

SMART TECHNOLOGIES: UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES OR THE GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF TRANSHUMANISM

Abstract

The article is devoted to issues related to the creation and use of innovative breakthrough technologies. At the present stage of transhumanistic concept implementation, it is necessary to consider its reflec- tion in various fields of scientific knowledge. This concept has been recently arousing genuine interest both in its direction and in its contradictions. Today, there is a discussion around this, which allows us to evaluate all the “pros” and “cons” of a transhumanistic idea implementation, which requires improving the physical condition of a person by using the most advanced technologies, among which an important place is taken by biotechnologies, artificial intelligence and other Smart technologies. Their use generates con- textual social, economic, and political problems. Therefore, the authors propose an interdisciplinary approach to assess various types of transhumanism challenges, taking into account the use of their unique capabilities while minimizing the risks associated with this. This aspect is proposed to be considered using the mechanism that forms the risk expanse and tools for working with it.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, challenges, digital economy, interdisciplinary approach, risk zone, risks, smart technologies, technological breakthrough, transhumanism, transhumanistic expanse.

Introduction transhumanist concept to be fully realized. Fur- thermore, this is not a matter of long-term pro- In the modern global world, to implement spects. Nowadays, human nature is boiled down the transhumanistic concept, modern science to its empirically observable qualities, to the bio- provides an opportunity to improve/strengthen logical and mechanistic vision of human. The the physical features of a person, thus minimiz- transhumanistic vision denies the classical pro- ing his infirmities. This includes such disciplines spect of human nature and considers it as a per- as physics, biology, chemistry, IT technology, manent self-construction, using science and tech- genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and others. nology as allies (Vorontsova & Postigo Solana, (Terrones Rodriguez, 2019). The progressive 2019, p. 61). Today, there are several directions technical development started in the twentieth in which humanity is moving; these are every- century (human flight into Space, creation of su- thing related to the creation of artificial intelli- per-powerful weapons, etc.), but the technologi- gence and everything related to biology, includ- cal breakthrough in the XXI century allows the ing the field of medicine. In the end, these two

WISDOM 2(15), 2020 68 68 Smart Technologies: Unique Opportunities or the Global Challenges of Transhumanism

DOI: 10.24234/wisdom.v15i2.335 paths must unite to form a single transhumanistic nection between transhumanism and the most Yulia VORONTSOVA, expanse. ancient genetic techniques (Postigo Solana, Artur ARAKELYAN, Transhumanism opposes to the Christian 2018, p. 1). This refers us to a field like genetic Vladimir BARANOV position, since it is based on the search for oppor- engineering, which is directly related to biology. tunities of unlimited improvements, challenging However, transhumanism creates a new atmos- SMART TECHNOLOGIES: UNIQUE OPPORTUNITIES OR ageing and death by using the achievements of phere against the background of the modern sci- THE GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF TRANSHUMANISM science and technology that provide the tools ne- entists‟ attention from different fields of know- cessary to achieve these goals (Diéguez, 2017). ledge to the problems of creating artificial intelli- Abstract And opportunities already exist for expanding gence, which allows us to talk about the partici- human potential: according to one scenario, this pation of such sciences as physics and IT tech- The article is devoted to issues related to the creation and use of innovative breakthrough technolo- is a significant improvement in human condi- nologies. This list can be expanded, including gies. At the present stage of transhumanistic concept implementation, it is necessary to consider its reflec- tions for life, according to another, it is possible there some particular areas of basic disciplines. tion in various fields of scientific knowledge. This concept has been recently arousing genuine interest to face severe risks in abuse of innovative tech- In the figure, the authors present the interconnec- both in its direction and in its contradictions. Today, there is a discussion around this, which allows us to nologies, which will lead to a critical risk, and tions and interdependencies of the transhuman- evaluate all the “pros” and “cons” of a transhumanistic idea implementation, which requires improving the then, to a disaster (Bajo Sanjuán & Villagra Gar- ism‟s challenges. Key factors were formed based physical condition of a person by using the most advanced technologies, among which an important place cía, 2017, pp. 52-55). on the materials of the International forum is taken by biotechnologies, artificial intelligence and other Smart technologies. Their use generates con- The progress is a change, but not every “Transhumanism. Anthropological, ethical, legal textual social, economic, and political problems. Therefore, the authors propose an interdisciplinary ap- change is related to the progress. It is necessary and theological challenges”, that took place from proach to assess various types of transhumanism challenges, taking into account the use of their unique to focus on responsible decisions that take into 29/05/2019 till 31/05/2019 in Madrid, Spain 1 capabilities while minimizing the risks associated with this. This aspect is proposed to be considered using account the moral aspect, take seriously the op- (University Pontificia Comillas ICAI-ICADE) . portunities provided by new technologies, as well Thus, the transhumanistic phenomenon can be the mechanism that forms the risk expanse and tools for working with it. as the risks associated with their implementation, 1 thus, taking care of future generations (“Humani- See the Materials of the International Forum “Transhu- Keywords: artificial intelligence, challenges, digital economy, interdisciplinary approach, risk zone, manism. Anthropological, Ethical, Legal and Theologi- risks, smart technologies, technological breakthrough, transhumanism, transhumanistic expanse. ty”, 2018). cal Challenges”, University Pontificia Comillas ICAI- ICADE, Madrid, Spain, 29-31 of May 2019 Retrieved from: https://yandex.ru/video/preview/?filmId=100231- Forming the Interdisciplinary 46014865795432&from=tabbar&parentreqid=1594794 055023801-1779256897575601315600143-productio- Introduction transhumanist concept to be fully realized. Fur- Approach to Assess the Challenges n-app-host-sas-web-yp-139&text=transhumanismo+ic- thermore, this is not a matter of long-term proof Transhumanism ai-icade; https://yandex.ru/video/preview/?filmId=794- 62548673926059&from=tabbar&parent-reqid=15947- In the modern global world, to implement spects. Nowadays, human nature is boiled down 94532098373-106221217661670828800228-producti- the transhumanistic concept, modern science to its empirically observable qualities, to the bio- To fully understand the processes taking on-app-host-sas-web-yp-117&text=transhumanismo+i- cai-icade+29/05/2019; https://yandex.ru/video/previe- provides an opportunity to improve/strengthen logical and mechanistic vision of human. The place in the modern world based on the imple- w?filmId=4276874936762618323&text=transhumanis the physical features of a person, thus minimiz- transhumanistic vision denies the classical pro- mentation of the transhumanism concept, it is ne- mo%20icaiicade%2029%2F05%2F2019%203parte&- path=wizard&parent-reqid=1594794682187396-8190- ing his infirmities. This includes such disciplines spect of human nature and considers it as a per- cessary to imagine the interdisciplinary expanse 78097203980102100215-production-app-host-man-we- b-yp-249&redircnt=1594794741.1; https://yandex.ru/- as physics, biology, chemistry, IT technology, manent self-construction, using science and tech- covered by it. First of all, it is undoubtedly phi- video/preview?filmId=15083005774336285764&text- genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and others. nology as allies (Vorontsova & Postigo Solana, losophy, starting from Aristotle and ending with =transhumanismo%20icaiicade%2029%2F05%2F20- 19%203parte&path=wizard&parent-reqid=15947946- (Terrones Rodriguez, 2019). The progressive 2019, p. 61). Today, there are several directions modern thinkers such as Anders Sandberg, Julian 82187396-819078097203980102100215-production- technical development started in the twentieth in which humanity is moving; these are every- Savulescu and others. It is necessary to under- app-host-man-web-yp-249&redircnt=1594794831.1; https://yandex.ru/video/preview?filmId=4874233304- century (human flight into Space, creation of su- thing related to the creation of artificial intelli- stand that mankind‟s search for immortality is 479197765&text=Transhumanismo.%202%C2%BA- per-powerful weapons, etc.), but the technologi- gence and everything related to biology, includ- not new. Transhumanism is just a “new arena of %20parte.%20Sesi%C3%B3n%20de%20Tarde.%20- 30%2F05%2F2019&path=wizard&parent-reqid=159- cal breakthrough in the XXI century allows the ing the field of medicine. In the end, these two old controversy” since there is a close intercon- 4794983393429-886537662298786367600292-production-app-host-vla-web-yp-23&redircnt=1594794992.1;

WISDOM 2(15), 2020 68 69 69 Yulia VORONTSOVA, Artur ARAKELYAN, Vladimir BARANOV

considered as a nascent object of research (Dié- caution‟s principle. Opposite the bioconserva- guez, 2018). Returning to the philosophy, it can tives are those, who advocate technological im- be stated that transhumanism has formed two provements that are driven by transhumanism, strictly differentiated positions: bioconservative achieving the maximum unlimited improvement and bioprogressive. The conservative line is tak- that can be realized due to the impressive oppor- en by those who look at improvement technolo- tunities provided by biotechnology. gies with distrust, relating to this based on pre-

TRANSHUMANISM CONCEPT CHALLENGES THEOLOGICAL

TECHNICAL & ETHICAL TECHNOLOGICAL

LEGAL ECONOMIC BIOLOGICAL & ANTHROPOLOGICAL

PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN THE ORGANIZATIONS Use of SMART

TECHNOLOGIES

Figure: The Place of SMART Technologies as a part of the Interdisciplinary Approach in Assessing the Challenges of Transhumanism (created by the authors based on the materials of the International forum “Transhumanism. Anthropological, ethical, legal and theological challenges”, University Pontificia Comillas ICAI-ICADE, Madrid, Spain, 29-31 of May, 2019).

The figure shows the concept of the inter- ian component, such as ethics and theology. Eth- disciplinary approach, based on a bioconservative ics, combined with such basic disciplines as biol- position that takes into account not only the natu- ogy and chemistry, created a scientific field ral scientific aspect but also includes a humanitar- called bioethics, that also studies issues related to ______the transhumanism: its foundations, direction, https://yandex.ru/video/preview?filmId=286630125706910- and possible consequences for the modern world 1515&text=Transhumanismo.%203%C2%BA%20parte.%- 20Sesi%C3%B3n%20de%20Tarde.%2030%2F05%2F20- including the policy of using methods of manipu- 19&path=wizard&parent-reqid=1594795072442218-1586- 376026118072235000251-production-app-host-vla-web-y- lating species that represent various forms of ge- p-73&redircnt=1594795083.1; netic intervention. https://yandex.ru/video/preview?filmId=889252140979998 8457&text=Transhumanismo.%203%C2%BA%20parte.% However, science is moving faster than our 20Sesi%C3%B3n%20de%20Tarde.%2031%2F05%2F201 understanding of “morality” (Sandel, 2016, pp. 9&path=wizard&parent-reqid=1594795180476785-32535- 47 52 597855056100216-prestable-app-host-sas-web-yp- 42-49). Therefore, in the beginning, we need to 164&redircnt=1594795186.1. estimate some opportunities that innovative tech-

WISDOM 2(15), 2020 70 70 Smart Technologies: Unique Opportunities or the Global Challenges of Transhumanism

considered as a nascent object of research (Dié- caution‟s principle. Opposite the bioconserva- nologies give to the world, which, from the first to provide opportunities for exploring new and guez, 2018). Returning to the philosophy, it can tives are those, who advocate technological im- view, can be used separately from the transhu- significant areas (for example, space or other new be stated that transhumanism has formed two provements that are driven by transhumanism, manistic concept, naming the process of their innovative technologies). In particular, the crea- strictly differentiated positions: bioconservative achieving the maximum unlimited improvement creation and implementation as a digital econo- tion of factories in Space and managing them and bioprogressive. The conservative line is tak- that can be realized due to the impressive oppor- my. from Earth, thus cleaning its surface and increas- en by those who look at improvement technolo- tunities provided by biotechnology. ing the environmental level. gies with distrust, relating to this based on pre- The Unique Opportunities of Using robotics will allow businesses to Smart Technologies work without considering the human resource at TRANSHUMANISM CONCEPT the same scale, and this is real cost savings. CHALLENGES THEOLOGICAL Smart technologies play an important role in However, these innovations will change the pic- the digital economy. They make it possible to ture of the world, which will lead to such risks as TECHNICAL & ETHICAL free up the employee‟s time to solve other im- unemployment, reducing income levels and, as a TECHNOLOGICAL portant company‟s goals. Moreover, they can al- result, reducing their consumer activity. The cir- LEGAL so be used to optimize the employee‟s wage, so- cle is complete. But we will consider risks a bit ECONOMIC BIOLOGICAL & ANTHROPOLOGICAL cial insurance and social security contributions, later. office rentals, because people can work remotely, Nowadays, such science as bionics is devel- and so on. However, it is interesting to consider oping. Some scientists, trying to create artificial PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN THE ORGANIZATIONS the unique opportunities of using Smart technol- intelligence, talk about downloading/uploading Use of SMART ogies on a global scale. the mind and are ready to go for its direct scan- As it was mentioned above, creation and use ning and simulation it as a software (Sandberg, TECHNOLOGIES of innovative technologies go in two directions. 2012). Nanotechnology will move forward by The authors focus on the direction that tends to using more traditional low-level chemical simu- the creation of artificial intelligence in the global lators since the need for interpretation of simula- Figure: The Place of SMART Technologies as a part of the Interdisciplinary Approach in Assessing the Challenges of Transhumanism (created by the authors based on the materials of the International forum digital space. We are talking about complex sys- tions grows. To do this, there are many ways to “Transhumanism. Anthropological, ethical, legal and theological challenges”, University Pontificia tems that give more opportunities to various mathematically describe complex systems mod- Comillas ICAI-ICADE, Madrid, Spain, 29-31 of May, 2019). structures for self-organization, and help support elled in such a way in order to predict the most unlimited expansion, for both organizations and efficient use of complex models. However, there The figure shows the concept of the inter- ian component, such as ethics and theology. Eth- States, taking into account the features and diffi- is no specific “working” approach. In parallel, disciplinary approach, based on a bioconservative ics, combined with such basic disciplines as biol- culties throughout the Universe (Goldin & Mari- many alternative scenarios need to be worked position that takes into account not only the natu- ogy and chemistry, created a scientific field athasan, 2014, pp. 186-194). out, which will require a dynamic, upward pro- ral scientific aspect but also includes a humanitar- called bioethics, that also studies issues related to Advanced Smart technologies have a ten- cess, rather than using a single specific tool. ______the transhumanism: its foundations, direction, dency to be “clean” and efficient since it be- https://yandex.ru/video/preview?filmId=286630125706910- and possible consequences for the modern world comes possible to reduce resources‟ needs virtu- Formation of a Mechanism to 1515&text=Transhumanismo.%203%C2%BA%20parte.%- 20Sesi%C3%B3n%20de%20Tarde.%2030%2F05%2F20- including the policy of using methods of manipu- alizing some tools significantly. Low-level con- Work with the Risk Expanse 19&path=wizard&parent-reqid=1594795072442218-1586- trol of matter allows efficient processing of it, 376026118072235000251-production-app-host-vla-web-y- lating species that represent various forms of ge- p-73&redircnt=1594795083.1; netic intervention. and biotechnology can be considered as a Any activity in the competitive environment https://yandex.ru/video/preview?filmId=889252140979998 8457&text=Transhumanismo.%203%C2%BA%20parte.% However, science is moving faster than our “green” technology. Besides, various cost-effec- of the digital expanse has a high degree of uncer- 20Sesi%C3%B3n%20de%20Tarde.%2031%2F05%2F201 understanding of “morality” (Sandel, 2016, pp. tive systems allow to distribute and use dispersed tainty. Since this uncertainty is characterized by 9&path=wizard&parent-reqid=1594795180476785-32535- 47 52 597855056100216-prestable-app-host-sas-web-yp- 42-49). Therefore, in the beginning, we need to energy sources. In the long term (Feltrero, 2018), various factors, the digital risks generated by this 164&redircnt=1594795186.1. estimate some opportunities that innovative tech- the same Smart technologies are supposed to use uncertainty also have different forms (Armstrong,

WISDOM 2(15), 2020 70 71 71 Yulia VORONTSOVA, Artur ARAKELYAN, Vladimir BARANOV

Bradshaw, Beckstead, & Sandberg, 2015, pp. 14- struction of Earth life. 27). Smart technologies and their impact will In the context of biotechnologies applying, create a risk-expanse where the danger of making the acceptable risk zone will be a safe interven- an inadequate decision always exists in their tion in the human body from the position “do no practical use. If we model the “negative” results harm”, and the critical risk zone - partial harm to using risk parameters, this will allow us to outline human health, which can lead to a fatal result. the threats field, that will reflect the challenges of The catastrophic risk zone will be characterized digitalization within the transhumanism trend. by the destruction of humanity as a species. The Forming the boundaries of this field, we can talk comparative analysis of the directions that form about risk zones (Yurchenco, & Galyatkina, the transhumanist expanse by the risk zones of 2012, pp. 217-218). The value of possible limit- their use is presented in the Table. ing losses in each of the risk zones when using For estimating risk and identifying its place innovative technologies (Smart technologies in- in the relevant zone, it is proposed to use heuris- clude innovative biotechnologies, such as molec- tic methods, such as Delphi method using a 10- ular nanotechnologies (Savulescu, 2012)) is char- point scale. At the same time, the risk value acterized by the following: should be considered not only in statics but also  risk-free zone – a safe zone or zone that will in dynamics in order to take timely and proactive be characterized by minimal profit from measures for preventing risk increase and com- Smart technologies use; ing into the zones of critical and catastrophic  acceptable risk zone – using Smart technol- risks. The speed of risk increase should be taken ogies with an extended spectrum (while into account as well: a situation of a quick jump control in this area is reduced); from the acceptable risk zone to the catastrophic  critical risk zone - implementation of inno- risk zone is quite possible. Therefore, in case vative technologies without considering the boundary values of risks are achieved, it is al- consequences of their use, which creates a ready necessary to take measures to reduce them, threat to the life of alive organisms; as well as to make forecasts to prevent “jumps”  catastrophic risk zone – a global catastro- of risk indicators. phe, the consequence of which is the de-

Table. The Comparative Analysis of the Directions that Form the Transhumanist Expanse by the Risk Zones of Their Use.

Risk Risk Characteristics and Measures to Minimize it zones Using Smart Technologies Using Biotechnologies risk- Characterized by minimal profit from Smart tech- Applying biotechnologies without harm to the free nologies use due to the complexity of their im- moral and physical condition of a person. Form- zone plementation and development. ing principles that allow to use innovative bio- (0-2) technologies. accep- Getting into the acceptable risk zone is possible if Safe intervention in the human body from the table reduce control over the Smart technologies use position “do no harm”. When monitoring the

WISDOM 2(15), 2020 72 72 Smart Technologies: Unique Opportunities or the Global Challenges of Transhumanism

Bradshaw, Beckstead, & Sandberg, 2015, pp. 14- struction of Earth life. risk with an extended spectrum of action. As a preven- risk level from the use of biotechnologies in this 27). Smart technologies and their impact will In the context of biotechnologies applying, zone tive measure based on the predictive analysis it is zone, it is necessary to follow the moral and eth- create a risk-expanse where the danger of making the acceptable risk zone will be a safe interven- (3-5) possible to apply intensified control over the pro- ical principles formed by Bioethics. an inadequate decision always exists in their tion in the human body from the position “do no cess. practical use. If we model the “negative” results harm”, and the critical risk zone - partial harm to Implementation of innovative technologies with- Partial harm to human health that may lead to out considering the consequences of their use, death. Monitoring that actions for intervention in using risk parameters, this will allow us to outline human health, which can lead to a fatal result. critical which creates a threat to the life of alive organisms the human body follow the principles developed the threats field, that will reflect the challenges of The catastrophic risk zone will be characterized risk and approaches opportunities‟ crisis of Smart for the acceptable risk zone. Analysis of reasons digitalization within the transhumanism trend. by the destruction of humanity as a species. The zone technologies use. Returning to the acceptable risk that caused deviations. Forming the boundaries of this field, we can talk comparative analysis of the directions that form (6-8) zone is possible through high financial costs for about risk zones (Yurchenco, & Galyatkina, the transhumanist expanse by the risk zones of the compensation of consequences of a risky sit- 2012, pp. 217-218). The value of possible limit- their use is presented in the Table. uation. ing losses in each of the risk zones when using For estimating risk and identifying its place The possibility of a global catastrophe that can Characterized by the destruction of human as a innovative technologies (Smart technologies in- in the relevant zone, it is proposed to use heuris- cata- cause life destruction on Earth. Strict monitoring species. Strict monitoring the dynamics of the clude innovative biotechnologies, such as molec- tic methods, such as Delphi method using a 10- strophic the dynamics of the risk level within each zone (a risk level within each zone (a quality objective ular nanotechnologies (Savulescu, 2012)) is char- point scale. At the same time, the risk value risk quality objective forecast), and in case of getting forecast), and in case of getting into a cata- acterized by the following: should be considered not only in statics but also zone into a catastrophic risk zone, applying, based on strophic risk zone, applying, based on predictive (9-10) predictive analysis, the tools, that are used in analysis, the tools, that are used in emergencies.  risk-free zone – a safe zone or zone that will in dynamics in order to take timely and proactive emergencies. be characterized by minimal profit from measures for preventing risk increase and com-

Smart technologies use; ing into the zones of critical and catastrophic It is also appropriate to talk about the inter- ished. This is why it is so important to follow  acceptable risk zone – using Smart technol- risks. The speed of risk increase should be taken disciplinary approach to assess risks that are hid- moral and ethical principles when using new re- ogies with an extended spectrum (while into account as well: a situation of a quick jump den behind the technological innovations use (di- volutionary technologies (Ortega y Gasset, 2004, control in this area is reduced); from the acceptable risk zone to the catastrophic gital transformation) while the development of pp. 743-746). However, in the human mind, not  critical risk zone - implementation of inno- risk zone is quite possible. Therefore, in case the transhumanism trend, and the corresponding guided by Christian values, the moral aspect may vative technologies without considering the boundary values of risks are achieved, it is al- to this approach tools that impact on risks level. be considered in different ways: what society consequences of their use, which creates a ready necessary to take measures to reduce them, In this regard, a concept was developed based on does not accept today, will accept tomorrow, it is threat to the life of alive organisms; as well as to make forecasts to prevent “jumps” this approach, that allows interconnecting differ- only necessary to give “reasonable” explanation  catastrophic risk zone – a global catastro- of risk indicators. ent fields of knowledge in various spheres (Vo- (to open a discussion on this issue) and fix in phe, the consequence of which is the de- rontsova & Postigo Solana, 2019, p. 60). people minds that this is normal, especially em-

In particular, one of these tools is bioethics phasizing the advantages from innovative tech- Table. (Vásquez Del Aguila & Postigo Solana, 2015, nologies use. The Comparative Analysis of the Directions that Form the Transhumanist Expanse pp. 507-508), whose impact on the risk level Among other things, transhumanism oppos- by the Risk Zones of Their Use. from using biotechnologies is limited by the ac- es government initiatives that restrict and/or con- Risk Risk Characteristics and Measures to Minimize it ceptable risk zone. Also, actions related to hu- trol advanced scientific researches and prohibit zones Using Smart Technologies Using Biotechnologies man transformation should be evaluated from a the use of such technologies as human cloning, risk- Characterized by minimal profit from Smart tech- Applying biotechnologies without harm to the position of their impact on the nearest events, mind uploading/downloading, isolated brain, and free nologies use due to the complexity of their im- moral and physical condition of a person. Form- realizing the consequences that they cause in the cryonics. These technologies are still at the de- zone plementation and development. ing principles that allow to use innovative bio- long term (Dugin, 2016). velopment stage, but are already in the critical (0-2) technologies. The border between acceptable and critical risk zone, keeping the tendency to move toward accep- Getting into the acceptable risk zone is possible if Safe intervention in the human body from the table reduce control over the Smart technologies use position “do no harm”. When monitoring the risk zones is very thin, and in the case of the the catastrophic risk zone. transhumanist approach, it has completely van- Applying ethical values (Cortina, 2019) will

WISDOM 2(15), 2020 72 73 73 Yulia VORONTSOVA, Artur ARAKELYAN, Vladimir BARANOV

allow making decisions and monitoring the use purpose of human existence. of technological innovations based on their use- fulness to achieve the desired economic result, Acknowledgement on the one hand, and the well-being/health of people, on the other. Even well-known scientists The results of the research were presented draw the state‟s attention to the process of creat- and discussed in the International forum “Trans- ing and developing advanced technologies (Mor- humanism. Anthropological, ethical, legal and ris, 2017) to determine the Rubicon in the race theological challenges” 30th of May, 2019 in for super-profits from future technologies. Madrid, Spain (University Pontificia Comillas ICAI-ICADE). Discussion REFERENCES The scientific novelty of authors research is the formation of conceptual and methodological Armstrong, S., Bradshaw, H., Beckstead, N., & provisions, as well as organizational, methodo- Sandberg, A. (2015). System Risk of logical and practical recommendations for apply- Modelling in Insurance. Retrieved from ing the interdisciplinary approach to assess the https://tigerrisk.com/wp-content/uplo- risks of Smart technologies use in the context of ads/2018/10/SystemicRisksofModel- the transhumanism global concept implementa- lingFINALV3.pdf. tion. The directions of work with the risk ex- Bajo Sanjuán, A., & Villagra García, N. (2017). panse, which includes four zones, are presented. Los retos de la globalización a la RSE: The main tools to assess the risk level in these la revolución digital. Madrid, España: zones, as well as their borders, have been identi- Universidad Pontificia Comillas ICAI – fied. ICADE. Cortina, A. (2019). Libertad en la era digital. Conclusion Retrieved from https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/02/25/opinion/1551096024_18 Modern science is moving with ever-inc- 1754.html. reasing speed. The proof of this is the transhu- Diéguez, A. (2017).Transhumanismo. La bús- manism concept that is being realized by stage. queda tecnológica del mejoramiento One of these stages is presented by the digital humano. Barcelona: Herder. economy, in which various Smart technologies Diéguez, A. (2018). Transhumanismo y filosofía. are created and implemented. Transhumanism El País. Retrieved from https://elpais.- offers ways of further person improvement, for- com/elpais/2018/09/12/opinion/153675 getting about his/her human nature. It only sug- 2872_112358.html. gests ways to solve immediate problems, but Dugin, A. (2016). Transhumanismo. [Video does not say in which direction to move, and message] Retrieved from https://www.- what is the final goal of Being (based only on the geopolitica.ru/es/directives/transhuma- materialistic point of view), leaving without an- nismo. swers the questions about meaning and ultimate Feltrero, R. (Ed.). (2018). Proceedings from Tec-

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allow making decisions and monitoring the use purpose of human existence. nología e innovación social hacia un D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5 of technological innovations based on their use- desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible. Ma- %D1%80%D1%81%20%D1%81%D0 fulness to achieve the desired economic result, Acknowledgement drid, España: Global Knowledge Aca- %B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B1% on the one hand, and the well-being/health of demics. D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3&noreask= people, on the other. Even well-known scientists The results of the research were presented Goldin, I., & Mariathasan, M. (2014). The But- 1&path=wizard&ts=1573843519052& draw the state‟s attention to the process of creat- and discussed in the International forum “Trans- terfly Defect: How Globalization Cre- source=share. ing and developing advanced technologies (Mor- humanism. Anthropological, ethical, legal and ates Systemic Risk, and What to Do Sandel, M. (2016). 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