SCREEN SCREEN THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD IN SWITZERLAND: WATCH WATCH After Nadia Karmous, Qatar abandons Nicolas Blancho

fter the Swiss Tariq Ra- founder of the Islamic Central Coun- madan, implicated by cil of Switzerland (ICCS). Following several complainants successful trips to Doha, Nicolas Blan- GEOSTRATEGIC FORSIGHT GEOSTRATEGIC FORSIGHT who accuse him of rape, cho had registered two associations in Qatar recently abandons Berne, Qoranona and Aziz Aid, whose SECURITY MONITORING SECURITY MONITORING ANadia Karmous and Nicolas Blancho. president is Abdukaziz Abdul Rahman COUNTER-TERRORISM COUNTER-TERRORISM The Gas Emirat is apparently making Al-Thani, a member of the qatari ruling RESISTANCE TO EXTREMISM RESISTANCE TO EXTREMISM a serious self-examination. Doha is, family (See our investigation published in fact, forced to separate from many in last September: Screen Watch, n°4) personalities linked to the Muslim Bro- Now, we have just learned that these # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 therhood who have not failed ideologi- two associations have been removed cally, but whose negative image shocks from the Bern Commercial Register. the country and its sovereign. By the dissolution of these associa- A few weeks ago, in the aftermath tions, Qatar seeks to stand out from a SUMMARY of the publication of the book Qatar character more and more decried. It is Papers, written by Christian Chesnot true that Nicolas Blancho, whose as- 02 EDITORIAL: why ISIS will survive al-Baghdadi’s and Georges Malbrunot, and the do- sociation attracts only 1% of Muslims death cumentary film inspired by this book, in Switzerland (according to his own 02 CONFIDENTIAL: The succession broadcast on Arte, the gas Emirate put figures!), appears less and less credible. of al-Baghdadi confirms AMNI’s control a stop to the megalomania of Nadia The latest controversy in the matter over the leadership of ISIS Karmous, a Swiss woman of Algerian was raised by the revelations of the 03 Benalla wants to create a precedent in origin, who was planning to invest Swiss press about a survival weekend, security and “conflict management”! 20 million euros in a vast real estate reserved for men, organized by the 03 Civil aviation: China and South Korea join project, linked to the Muslim Brothe- ICCS, last September, with training in forces to compete with Airbus and Boeing rhood, in La Chaux-de-Fonds, a small the handling of ... knife. 03 “Community Lists” in France: the hand of town in the Swiss Jura. However, she However, these revelations fell parti- Qatar? had already acquired the land (See our cularly badly, after the assassination with 04 CONJUNCTURES: France, Iran, Africa, the investigation published in last July: a knife of four policemen within the po- background of international news Screen Watch, n°3). lice headquarters of Paris, on October 3, 07 EXPERTISES: Jerusalem, an election day This time, Qatar is putting an end to by Mickaël Harpon, a computer scientist, By Martine Gozlan the ambitions of Nicolas Blancho, the converted to Islam and radicalized. 08 Counter-terrorism: Facing the “enemy from within” (2/3) By Roland Jacquard CONFIDENTIAL FRANCE 09 The challenges of water management in the Middle East (2/3) By Fabienne Durand The ambassador of Qatar warns Tariq 10 USA - Afghanistan: an explosive case for Ramadan against any revelation about Donald Trump By Christian Malard 11 The Shoah, the journalist and the Jews his ties with the emirate By Jean-Marie Montali 12 The Muslim Brotherhood Ended up letting Ali Bin Jassen Al that Tariq Ramadan had at the Qatar Embassy in down Tariq Ramadan By Ian Hamel Thani, the ambas- requested the assistance of Paris, Ramadan reportedly sador of Qatar to Paris the Qatar Embassy in Pa- reiterated these threats in 13 The brotherhood that silently Islamizing since October 2018, has ris, as part of his campaign front of the ambassador Europe By Hamid Zanaz taken very badly Tariq Ra- to be rehabilitated after the himself. And the latter, on 14 INTERVIEW: Abdul Rahman al-Suwaidi: 35 madan’s threats against the many rape complaints he his turn, warned him of the years in the hell of the Muslim Brotherhood emirate, suggesting that he had been facing for two repercussions that such a (1/2) may reveal to the media years. But the Qatari am- revelation could have for 18 DOCUMENTS: In the secret of the new French his past links with the gas bassador was instructed him and his family still li- intelligence strategy emirate. by his superiors to “stay ving in Doha and strongly 20 PROFILES: Jacques Chirac as I knew him In our last edition quite” on the Ramadan advising him to “no longer By Roland jacquard (Screen Watch, n°4, Sep- case. expose himself to the me- tember 2019), we revealed According to a source dia.” SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 1 “COMMUNITY Why ISIS will survive LISTS” Doha covets FRANCE – CHINA: IN FRANCE: Interpol again Establishment of al-Baghdadi’s death the hand a permanent of Qatar? After the controversies According to our sources, raised by Interpol’s in- Qatar has proposed to Inter- “strategic line” triguing removal of the “red pol to finance a major pro- ar from having put an end to ISIS’s existence or even its The Arab Center for Notice” concerning Sheikh gramme for the acquisition Following the visit of French President Em- power of nuisance, the death of its self-proclaimed caliph, Research and Policy Yusuf al-Qaradawi, at a time of electronic equipment, in manuel Macron to China in early November, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi - killed on last October 27, during Studies (CAREP) is the when Interpol was receiving order to strengthen the work Paris and Beijing decided to set up a permanent main Qatari think tank. It major donations from Qatar of its department dedicated “strategic line” to discuss major international an operation by American special forces in northern Sy- is chaired by Azmi Bisha- (see Screen Watch, No. 2, to the fight against cyber- issues and conflicts. ria - will accelerate two trends in the making for several ra, one of Amir Tamim June-July 2019), Doha is crime. In return, Doha has

EDITORIAL months, within the new Jihadist International: the first is Ben Hamad al-Thani’s once again trying to covet the requested to host the head- structural, the second one is operational. most influential advisors. international police organi- quarters of the Middle East Having lost control of the vast Syrian-Iraqi strongholds And the presidency of the zation. branch of this department. Benalla wants to over which it had established an Islamic proto-state, ISIS was forced to give Paris branch of CAREP is create a precedent in Fup its dream of restoring the caliphate. And to survive, it had to undergo a entrusted to the Islamologist François Burgat, known fundamental structural transformation. The exact opposite of the one that security and “conflict for his sympathetic Muslim The conquest of space, CONFIDENTIAL saw it transform, in the summer of 2014, from an underground terrorist Brotherhood. management”! group, like so many others in the Salafi-Jihadist sphere, into a new form On October 18, during a the Saudi Crown Prince’s of “terrorist state” imposing his dictatorship on a population of more than debate at CAREP’s Pa- The former Elysee security guard, 8 million people, on an immense territory embracing about 40% of Iraq’s ris headquarters, Burgat new ambition Alexandre Benalla (see Screen Watch, N°2, area and over 30% of Syria’s. denounced the “French June-July 2019), has created a security box to As the bases of this proto-State had been crushed, under the crossfire of posture in the face of radica- Saudi Arabia has submitted an ambitious space coope- provide training, particularly in the fields of the international coalition, Kurdish forces and the Syrian army supported lization”, considering that ration project to France. The Crown Prince, Mohamed airport security and interventions in conflict “the score that the National Ben Salman, wants to rely on the expertise of the French space zones. by its Russian and Iranian allies, ISIS was forced to return to clandestinity, Rally plays to us on the drum, agency and the Ariane programme to launch his own agency, According to our sources, this company, ATMANE TAZAGHART ATMANE thus resuming the classic modus operandi of jihadist terrorist groups. the right plays to us on the which will be called the Saudi Space Agency. It will be led by called Comyia, has already signed contracts in By For apparent security reasons, this trend will intensify further saxophone and the left on one of the Prince’s brothers, Sultan Ben Salman, who is an China and Africa, namely in Chad. It also has after al-Baghdadi’s death. And from this structural muta- the flute”. And to deal with astronaut by training. plans in the United States. tion - similar to that carried out by Al-Qaeda in 2001 in- what he considers to be a the aftermath of the attacks of 9/11 - will come another “process of criminalizing the operational mutation: for a long time, ISIS leaned Muslim population”, Burgat CIVIL AVIATION: recommends that Muslims Qatar invests against the aura provided by its proto-State presented in France “beat the ballot China and South Korea heavily in oil and as the restoration of the caliphate to provoke, from box. You have to hit where a distance, spontaneous jihadist vocations, which it hurts”. And since there join forces to compete diamonds in Angola some were quick to designate as “solitary wolves”. are six million Muslims However, this spontaneous influx quickly dried up, in France, the author of with Airbus and Boeing As part of the Doha strategy to strengthen its following the military disappointments afflicting the so- Understanding Political Islam economic and political influence in Africa (see called caliphate, in the very heart of its Syrian-Iraqi stron- considers that “the balance China has initiated secret talks with South Korea with a Screen Watch, No. 1, May 2019), the Qatari sove- of power is not so terrible view to establishing a strategic partnership in the field of reign fund has recently acquired significant stakes gholds. [...] We must mobilize on the civil aviation. To this end, a confidential working group, com- in Angola’s oil and diamond mining sectors. Under the aegis of AMNI, the ISIS’s intelligence service, whose influence electoral field”. posed of aeronautical engineers, has been set up with the aim of To facilitate this interest, Qatar has offered the within the Organization’s management bodies has increased considerably Less than a month after developing a civil aircraft that will eventually be able to compete Angolan government assistance and investment in since the fall of the caliphate (see opposite), a supervisory process has been this speech encouraging with Airbus and Boeing. the creation and renovation of infrastructure. launched to take control and structure the actions of these “wolves”, which communitarianism, the are definitely not so “solitary” as some experts wanted to (make) believe. Muslim Brotherhood’s To this end, a Diwan (department) was created last summer within relays in France launched The succession of al-Baghdadi confirms a controversy over the AMNI to institutionalize the actions of this type of self-radicalized elements formation of a “commu- AMNI’s control over ISIS’s leadership in which the propaganda of ISIS provokes spontaneous jihadist vocations. nity list” in the upcoming The objective is to assign “coordinators” to them at the level of each country municipal elections. And or region. launched their campaign The appointments the former intelligence things about the new caliph, are historical of the AMNI. It is with this in mind that ISIS launched last September an operation with a major community at the head of ISIS, service of the Caliphate, over Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi Moreover, as indicated by called Tahtim al-Aswar (destroying the walls), aimed at freeing several march on 10 November following the death of its “ca- the terrorist organization’s al-Quraysi, and Abu Hamza the war names by which hundred foreign jihadists detained by Kurdish forces. This operation was in Paris, on the eve of the liph”, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, governing bodies (see Screen al-Quraysi, al-Muhajir’s they are designated, they fourth anniversary of the and its spokesman, Abu Has- Watch, No.1, May 2019). successor as spokesman: On claim - like al-Baghdadi - to a success, thanks in particular to the destabilization caused by the Turkish attacks of 13 November san al-Muhajir, confirm the Indeed, it is only known the one hand, they are not be direct descendants of the offensive in the Kurdish areas of north-eastern Syria. 2015. growing control of AMNI, with certainty that two from the Shura of ISIS, but Prophet.

2 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 3 General Paul IRAN Soler, who was FRANCE approached as ambassador in Algiers, Bygmalion Increase in finally joined the Ministry of case: the the number Foreign Affairs Qatari part of of defections General Paul Soler, a former COS officer, whom the the scandal of army officers Elysee planned to appoint as What has ambassador to Algiers in early autumn (See Screen Watch, he investigation into the corruption scandal become of and Pasdarans N°3, August-September 2019), linked to the communication agency Byg- the French finally joined the Ministry of malion, accused of issuing false invoices estern confidential notes report an increase in Foreign Affairs’ Crisis and to cover irregularities during the financing ISIS fighters the number of defections of Iranian officers, Support Centre. of former President Nicolas Sarkozy’s pre- exfiltrated who use missions abroad to desert. The latest China provides His mission will be to moni- Tsidential campaign, is experiencing an unexpected twist. is Touraj Ismaili, an executive of the Pasda- from Syria? Iran with tor African security matters, According to sources close to the investigation, judi- rans (Revolutionary Guards), who held the for which he was already in cial investigations have discovered that the creation of Whighly sensitive position of cyber security manager of the Iranian submarines CONJUNCTURES charge at the Elysee, in par- this agency, founded in 2008 by two relatives of Nicolas According to a ballistic missile programme. He reportedly took advantage of a se- and maritime ticular Libyan and Algerian Sarkozy and Jean François Copé, was financed by Qa- report by the National cret mission in Lebanon to defect via Turkey. issues. tari funds. Intelligence Council, interception In exchange for these donations, the Qataris allegedly submitted to President stations obtained significant tax exemptions, in particular during Macron, on the French the purchase of the international conferences centre on ISIS fighters exfiltered During a recent visit to Avenue Kléber in Paris. from Syria, some 40 of China, the Chief of Staff of them have joined jiha- Iran - USA: the Iranian Armed Forces, Another dist groups in Libya. As Major-General Mohamed a result of this geogra- electronic Hussein Baqeri, visited several “Lebanese” phical rapprochement, warfare naval bases and signed an at the Elysee they are a major source agreement with the Chief of of concern, as they could Recent tensions between the Chinese Army Military diplomatic cell! fuel plans for illegal Tehran and Washington have Commission, Lee Zuo returns to France. not turned into armed conflict Zeng, to purchase Chinese Emmanuel Bonne, President On the other hand, but have given rise to a fierce Tehran delivers submarines and maritime Macron’s diplomatic adviser, several dozen other electronic warfare. The latest GPS suitcases for interception stations to detect will bring to the Elysee Arnaud French jihadists have episode of this clash is a vast ship intrusions into Iranian Pescheux, one of his former chosen to join ISIS-re- Iranian cyber espionage plan guiding drones territorial waters. collaborators at the French lated organizations in discovered by the US anti- to Hezbollah Embassy in Lebanon. Asia. This suggests that, terrorist services. A diplomat and a great spe- for them, the priority, According to our sources, cialist in terrorism, Pescheux Franco-Russian military after their exfiltration this plan includes cyber-attacks According to European was in charge of a think tank rapprochement from Syria, was to targeting Donald Trump’s reports, citing Israeli sources, on terrorism at the Ministry escape the hunt of the campaign team as well as major Iran has provided Hezbollah of Foreign Affairs. His new Franco-Russian military manoeuvres and coun- anti-terrorist services, media sites, including the New with GPS drones guidance mission, within the Elysee’s ter-terrorist exercises are being prepared. This is a by taking refuge in York Times and the Washington suitcases, recently developed by diplomatic cell, will focus on first in relations between the two countries, which areas far removed from Post. the Pasdarans. Small and easy North African and Middle augurs well for an unprecedented military rappro- their country of origin. to handle, these cases would be Eastern issues. chement. very accurate. To this end, Claire Landais, the boss of the Gene- In addition, the Israeli ral Secretariat for Defence and National Security services reportedly provided (SGDSN), was invited to Moscow by Nikolaï Pa- their European counterparts trouchev, the Kremlin’s intelligence coordinator. with satellite photos showing sites in southern Lebanon where Pasdaran officers train Hezbollah elements in the handling of these suitcases.

4 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 5 EXPERTISES AFRICA Election Day France - In Jerusalem Conference in Paris on the United States: Gabonese By Martine Gozlan* democratic President transition in Counter- appoints his t was election day in Jerusalem. A day in the recent past - to cheer on their guru Arié Deri, still Minister of the Interior. half-brother September 17 - but it could be a near future because Israel is Thirty years ago, Israel’s greatest writer, the late Amos Oz, Sudan blocked. The Hebrew state fails to give itself a government. who disappeared the other winter, wrote on his way back to Jeru- Terrorism military He voted in the spring, voted again at the very beginning salem’s childhood district on Tahkemoni Street: “I feel claustro- The Elysee has launched attaché in of the fall and is afraid of a third election. When the snow phobic and I want to flee this district where nothing has changed preparations for an inter- Academy Pro- South Africa covers the city and the dream of impossible unity? For the for two centuries […] It is to reject this form of Jewish existence CONJUNCTURES national conference to be New Year of the Trees, when does the almond tree flower? that writers and poets like Bialik, Brenner, Berditchevsky stood held in Paris, the objective IGo figure, rabbis and free thinkers look up to heaven with the up at the beginning of the 20th century... we would not dare, in of which will be to help ject in Abidjan Frédéric BONGO, the same perplexity. our days, to repudiate a world which has been destroyed by Hit- accelerate the economic Gabonese President’s Israel, which is so often described as a nation that thinks, prays, ler since. Nor can we give in to a feeling of secret admiration and democratic transition half-brother, Ali decides in the same tone, in the same way, with the same momen- for the vitality of a form of Judaism whose rise and growing in- in Sudan, to enable the he United States increasingly considers Ivory BONGO, who was tum on the same rock, is in reality a river with waters mixed with fluence in the country threatens our own spiritual existence, for it country to put an end to the Coast as one of its essential bases for the fight previously in charge of a thousand alluvium. And I watched it flow, the other day, this aspires to take over from us”. legacy of several decades against terrorism in Africa. Thus, the Penta- the Republican Guard’s colourful river, towards the offices scattered throughout the holy Today, the novelist Yishai Sarid, (“The Third”, Am Over), ex- of the reign of the Muslim gon wants to create a training centre and an intelligence services, will city. The elector walked a good step towards fulfilling his duty as plains to me from Tel Aviv: “The conflict with the believers is Brotherhood. interception base in Abidjan. be appointed military a citizen. Tired, of course, but valiant: more than 69.4% the most serious one in Israeli society. This is a cultu- TIn addition, the United States and France are considering attaché at the Gabonese participation, more than in April, despite the ral war and I don’t want my children’s future jointly creating an International Academy dedicated to the Embassy in Pretoria. exasperation that we felt was building on to depend on it. In reality, the majority of fight against terrorism in the Ivorian capital. This appointment reflects all the stages, on all the microphones, Israelis are at the centre. It’s not an Gabon’s great interest in on all the networks. However, this extremist. We all had a common developing its military Israeli who was angry with the background despite our diverse and geostrategic relations hair-splitters and the majority backgrounds. Alas Netanyahu with South Africa. dividers in ten, could not get plays the groups against back on track. He himself is each other..;”. Surrounded a growing minority. by three corruption cases, It is noon at the corner of threatened with indictment Emek Refaim Boulevard - next December, the Prime Macron calls for Turkey covets a the Valley of the Giants - Minister was counting on greater European former French and Emile Zola Street. The the September election. commitment to military base in air of this beautiful district There was no winner. On the fight against Niger Moscow offers civil smells of seringa and se- his way, he found Avigdor nuclear power cularism. The portraits of Lieberman, his ex-ally, now terrorism in the General Benny Gantz, the his worst enemy. In the Rus- Sahel Turkey seeks to establish itself plants to several leader of the Blue and White sian-speaking districts, vodka militarily in Niger. To this end, African countries Party, line the walls. Here, we flows freely in honour of this it has made offers to repurchase are patriotic the old-fashioned strong man who refuses to join French President Emmanuel the French Madama base, which way, like Ben Gurion rather than forces with the ultra-Orthodox. But Macron recently wrote to the Paris has decided to abolish. Russia has offered several African Netanyahu. The Prime Minister’s al- also with Israeli Arab citizens. Yet they European Union member states But Ankara could be in countries nuclear power plants for civil liance with the ultra-Orthodox who refuse are now the country’s third largest political to ask them for more financial competition, for the acquisition purposes. To this end, the Chairman to be enlisted in the army does not pass. Eve- force. This is logical since they represent 20% commitments in the fight against of this base, with Denmark, the of Rosatom, the official Russian ryone has or will have a child at the front - north, south, of the nation. Aware of the stakes, they ignored the boy- terrorism in the Sahel. United Arab Emirates and Saudi nuclear agency, Alexei Kikhatchiev, is Lebanon, Gaza- even if the desire for peace is constantly being cott instructions given by the ultras. Their leader, Ayman Odeh, In addition, France, which Arabia. preparing a tour in several capitals, hammered. reached out to Benny Gantz in the hope of forming a coalition deploys the largest contingent of including French-speaking Africa. A few miles away, it’s another matter. In the streets of Kerem that would bring together all the voices of Israel. All of them... military forces in the Sahel, has According to our sources, he has Avraham, or Bayit Vagan, old or new neighborhoods where the but what about the ultra-Orthodox? And finally Gantz and Ne- asked Germany, Spain and Italy already prepared preliminary burning wind of faith blows, the voters of Shas, the party of the tanyahu who don’t want to be either one? A real Rubik cube, this for more support on the ground, cooperation agreements for Nigeria, Sephardic Torah Guardians, fly to the polls, between the banners election. As the days go by, President Rivlin calls for national including deploying more special Sudan, Rwanda, Ghana, Kenya, bearing the effigy of the late Chief Rabbi Ovadia Yosef. As if his unity, wars are raging not very far away, towards Syria, towards forces commandos. Uganda and Zambia. shadow was guiding them from beyond the grave to give the Shas the Kurdish tragedy. the electoral weight necessary for the coalition with the Likud. Jerusalem is starting to shiver… With Netanyahu for whom we pray at the foot of the Wall. This world of bigots is dressed in black under the bright light of Jeru- * Journalist and essayist, editor-in-chief at the weekly magazine salem, women and men separated, of course, when it comes time Marianne, specialist in Islamism and the Middle East.

6 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 7 to extend ad vitam aeternam emergency measures, such as the Counter-terrorism: state of emergency; to create, after each tragic episode, new le- vels of alert; to deploy, as soon as a threat emerges or is felt, more and more soldiers assigned to security tasks for which they are neither trained nor adapted. In reality, anti-terrorist action cannot Facing the “enemy from within” (2/3) be considered or envisaged as a “war” in the literal and military sense of the word, at the risk of facing ugly situations similar to those resulting from the “global war on terrorism” decreed by the By Roland Jacquard* Bush Administration in the aftermath of the attacks of 11 Sep- tember 2001. he deadly attack on October 3 at the very heart This makes it almost impossible for the anti-terrorist services to butes to the emergence of ISIS’s neo-Jihadism as an ine- Didn’t the American President welcome the fall of the

EXPERTISES of the intelligence directorate, at the Paris police anticipate threats and defeat terrorist projects before they are car- vitability that cannot be countered: the anti-terro- Taliban regime in Afghanistan as a sign of the end prefecture, illustrated in the most dramatic way ried out. Thus, the media and public opinion were shocked to learn, rist services cannot detect or anticipate the of Al-Qaeda? Did he not declare, in the after- the phenomenon we mentioned in the first part attack after attack, that the neo-Jihadists who were the perpetrators action of a “lone wolf”, since its shift math of Saddam Hussein’s fall, that the of this series of articles devoted to the new an- were identified and known by the anti-terrorist services, were listed into horror takes place in the most liberation and democratisation mission ti-terrorist challenges. Namely, this type of ter- on the famous “Fichier S”, without this allowing them to be pre- intimate personal sphere. in Iraq was complete? rorist acts is no longer the work of commandos vented from acting! And since Intelligence will We know today that these two Tattacking France from the fiefdoms of ISIS in Iraqi-Syrian jihadist This acknowledgement of failure has given rise to a highly cri- never be able to interfere in events, perceived at the time areas, but is the poisoned fruit of spontaneous “jihadist vocations”, tical media campaign against anti-terrorist services, going so far as the head of a self-radica- as victories, were the starting generated at a distance, by recruiters of ISIS, among French “sub- to question the very usefulness and relevance of the role of Intel- lized person, before it takes point for the chaotic situations jects” most often motivated by violent nihilistic impulses, more ligence services in the fight against terrorism. Criticisms that soon action, the advocates of that generated new waves of than by a real desire for a jihadist “holy war”. gave rise to a worrying drift towards militarizing the fight against self-radicalization recom- terrorism on a global scale In addition to this unprecedented problem, which has never before terrorism! mend the militarization of and led to the emergence of been observed in any terrorist movement, whether ideologically, Supporters of these militarist theses argue that the endogenous the fight against terrorism ISIS. territorially, religiously or sectarially inspired, there is another new terrorism of the neo-Jihadists claiming to be part of ISIS is the work as the only alternative to fact characteristic of this neo-Jihadism inspired by ISIS: a growing of “lone wolves”, who self-radicalize and act alone. As a result, deal with this neo-Jihadist (To be continued) proximity that links this terrorism, characterized by endogenous they are, therefore, impossible to apprehend before their act, how phenomenon! emanation and rudimentary modus operandi, to the common law much they would even be registered by the Intelligence services. However, it is unreaso- * Writer and consultant, criminal circles, which serve as incubators for terrorist projects. Such doctrines convey untruths that can lead to shortcomings nable to consider that counte- Chairman of Roland Jacquard And thus exempt them from the use of external logistical support and failures with fatal consequences in the fight against terrorism. ring forms of threats, both new Global Security Consulting networks that may be identified by the counter-terrorism services. Indeed, the so-called self-radicalization of “lone wolves” contri- and bloody, would be sufficient (RJGSC) The challenges of water management in the Middle East: Geopolitical stability and sustainability (2/3) By Fabienne Durand*

ore than ever, water becomes an issue challenged by Lebanon and by the Zionists of Yishuv, the first the water security of Israel. Water was one of the issues in the and IRIS, who explains the delineation of borders through the of power and political instability in the Jewish community to settle in Palestine before the founding of conflict, just as it was at the heart of the negotiation process that search for water security in this natural and hostile environment. Middle East. This situation of some- the State of Israel on May 14, 1948. led to the first Oslo Accords in 1993. This is how Israel, with its The second change concerns population growth and urba- times exacerbated tensions is the result As early as 1919, following the Balfour Declaration of 1917, deployment in the Golan Heights where the pipeline from Lake nization. The increase in population results in increased water of three major changes. The first change the chairman of the World Zionist Organization, Chaim Weiz- Tiberias to the eastern margins of the Negev, a strategic margin and food needs and increases anthropogenic pressure on agri- concerns the delineation of bor- mann, wrote a letter to the British Prime Minister near the Sinai, is seeking water security, essential to the survival culture, which consumes 80% of water resources. The situation ders, which is the result David Lloyd George in which he stressed the of the country. is critical in Egypt, the third most populous country in Africa, Mof secret negotiations between the French importance of water: “The whole econo- Similarly, Turkey, through the construction of dams and after Nigeria and Ethiopia, where the population has risen from and the English authorities during the mic future of Palestine depends on its hydroelectric power plants under the GAP project, is seeking 20 million at the time of Nasser to 97 million today. It is the Sykes-Picots Agreement of 16 May water supply (...). It is essential that to stabilise the region, to the detriment of the Kurds. Finally, most populous country in the Arab world, and reflects the de- 1916, at the time of the dismant- the northern border of Palestine Egypt, where the population is concentrated at 95% on only mographic vitality of the Middle East, where population growth ling of the Ottoman Empire, include the Litani valley over a 5% of the territory, is also seeking to actively mobilize water exceeds 2% per year with a fertility rate of 3.4 children per wo- described by Tsar Nicholas distance of 25 miles, as well resources since the construction of the Aswan Dam, and more man, while the fertility rate is 2.7 on the world scale. Moreover, I as “an old sick man, se- as the western and southern recently by creating new spaces based on the mobilization of water security is, especially for this country, a matter of national riously ill, fallen into disre- slopes of Mount Hermon”. water resources, as in the Toshka valley in Egypt, to better allo- security. Egypt thus uses a threatening rhetoric against the coun- pair”. The boundaries were This search for water se- cate a population. tries located upstream of the Nile. set according to property curity was mentioned with Water is thus at the heart of asymmetric rivalries between and water issues. As early regard to the Six-Day War, states, as well as territorial claims, because of its spatializing * Political scientist & consultant in communication on sustai- as in the 1920s, they were perceived as a conflict for function, mentioned by Pierre Blanc, a researcher at CIHEAM nable development and global warming.

8 # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 9 Recently, a Taliban delegation, which included the political and armed wings of the organization, was received in Tehran USA-Afghanistan: by the Revolutionary Guards, who supported it in leading the war against US Forces on Afghan soil. Last year, Ali Shamkhani, head of the Iranian Supreme Se- curity Council, already visited Kabul and assured the Talibans An explosive file for Donald Trump of the Mullahs regime’s support. The common goal of Tali- bans and Iranians is to drive out the 14 000 American soldiers By still stationed on Afghan soil. Christian Malard* Today, Donald Trump is faced with two choices: either withdrawing his 14 000 men and leaving n September 7th, after a series of attacks attacks, when they say they are ready to resume the so-called controlled Mossul, one of the country’s the field open to the Talibans. The country

EXPERTISES perpetrated by Talibans against Afghan peace negotiations with the United States? They always belie- main cities. could therefore again face the horrors population and authorities, not to mention ved they were in a position of strength to put pressure on Do- Today, the aim of the Talibans is of civil war. And the region would the 14 000 American soldiers stationed nald Trump. They however never demonstrated that they were to overthrow the current regime further be destabilized. Or he in the country, American President, Do- committed to peace. They always refused a durable ceasefire and once again become the decides to maintain his troops nald Trump, in one of his famous tweets, agreement, negotiated with President Ashraf Ghani’s govern- country’s main force by esta- in Afghanistan, with the risk decided to put an end to a year of talks ment, which they consider to be a puppet of the United States. blishing an Islamic theocra- of heavy casualties. This, Owith the Talibans. Talks that were supposed to terminate an The Talibans already control nearly 50% of the country’s 400 tic emirate. happening a few months 18-year-old conflict. districts. It would undoubtedly be foolish and irresponsible to How can Donald Trump before 2020’s presiden- One question is now left: could these negotiations, that the trust this Islamist movement, which is amongst the most violent and Americans be so naive tial election, could be United States were conducting with the Talibans, have lead and obscurantist. It is not surprising, in this context, that some of as to believe that the Tali- extremely damaging to to lasting peace and a real sharing of power between Talibans Donald Trump’s advisers and prominent members of Congress bans will prevent al-Qai- him. and Afghan authorities? Or should Afghans again experience remind the President of the major mistake made in 2011 by his da and ISIS from using a harder conflict, with a return to the Talibanization of the predecessor, Barack Obama, who prematurely withdrew Ame- Afghanistan as a spring- * International policy country? rican troops from Iraq and abandoned Iraqi troops that were not board to attack Western in- expert and diplomatic How can we believe the Talibans, who continue to carry out ready for combat. As a result, three years later, in 2014, ISIS terests in the region? consultant.

other bodies were piled up against the walls, one on top of the other, they live with that too: the fear of not being believed. Who could The Shoah, the journalist and it went up, up, up, death in bricks, I had never seen that before. believe the incredible? And which ones to choose to make the I forgot the little fruit delivery boy from the Panjshir Valley. He inaudible audible without shocking the interlocutors? How to talk jumped on a mine. His name was Haroun. I mean, I think his name about the unspeakable, how to make the Shoah understood? was Haroun. I forgot about that other father in Pakistan, an Afghan They dream of the Shoah and wake up at night with the cries and the Jews refugee who spent all his nights lying on his children’s graves so of others or with their own, with the faces of the disappeared. A that scavengers would not come and dig them up and eat them. He mother, a father, a sister, a brother, a neighbour... They remem- would put three tulips on the grave, one for each of his children. ber that. Of course they remember it. Everything: the raid, the By Jean-Marie Montali* I forgot about that little girl killed by cancer at the Institut Curie. screams, the fear, the dogs, the train, the selection, the shower, Her mother caressed her hair very gently and we, the photographer the shearing, the nudity, the cold, the hunger, the slave labour, n my job I have seen and heard, like many other journa- I forgot that kid from Los Angeles, shot in the head with a and I, blubbered like calves. the bodies crammed into the barracks, the cries of the kapos, the lists, a lot of crap. Many of us have seen more dead people bullet that wasn’t even meant for him. Those overdose deaths in I forgot them all. Buried deep in my memory, with a lid on it so lice, the Mengele experiences... And death. Death, everywhere, than we would have liked to see: Destroyed, shot, hanged, Johannesburg. This woman beaten to death by her bastard fiancé. it doesn’t overflow. all the time. The gallows. The shots. The gas. The smoke from burned... There are many ways to kill people. And all these This Bosnian father, mad with grief after the death of his two sons Anyway, I’m saying all this so that you understand that, in the the crematoria. Ashes, snow from hell. And then again, always, ways of killing and dying, it makes piles of corpses of all at Brčko. He killed himself. long run, you learn to measure your sensitivity. the face of a mother, father, sister or brother. The faces of thou- colours, religions and ages, men and women, all over the I forgot these bodies in Somalia, rotting where they had fallen, And then I’ve been in Israel for 10 days. I am preparing a book sands, millions of others exterminated in the camps. So yes, they world, and piles of survivors howling rivers of tears. by the tens and hundreds, in dust and indifference. Those in Ka- - and perhaps a film - on Holocaust survivors. For 10 days, from remember and live every day and every hour with their memories IAs far as I’m concerned, I don’t remember the faces bul, those in Sarajevo, those in Mogadishu. The morning to evening, I have been meeting several of them for hours and the ghosts of the innocent. of these dead people, or anything else about others, in Colombia, Mexico, the Philip- on end, one-on-one. These fragile little old ladies, these little old They remember the months spent in the ghettos, the yellow them. They were dead, that’s all. I didn’t pines and Elsewhere. men who can more or less stand up and waver seriously on their star, the humiliation, the months hidden in the forest, the hunting cry for them. I forgot them, that’s all. I forgot the body of that old bases, were born in Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Romania, Hun- of Jews, the hunger, the hunger they talk about all the time and I could invent myself soul tremors, man on whom I stumbled in gary, Germany, France and elsewhere. The degree of enthusiasm which still obsesses them today. They talk about the shootings on moral concussions and sadness to the semi-darkness of a Bai- put into the killing had, in a way, local peculiarities: people did not the edge of mass graves, all over Eastern Europe, at the bottom avoid looking like a bully. I’ll doa morgue, before sprea- kill in the same way in Romania as in Poland or Latvia. It also of a forest, on the banks of the Danube, on the banks of the Baltic come and wring all this out ding myself over other depended on the degree of anti-Semitism and collaboration of the Sea, above a ravine, in a park in the middle of a city... at your feet with the eyes of bodies thrown there, on countries concerned. They are still talking and talking. They talk and protect me. There a beaten dog, just to look the floor, because we Today, these few survivors are afraid that these things will be are things they don’t dare to tell me, because they are worse than like a sensitive guy and didn’t know where to forgotten. That they may be reproducing. They want to tell, to worse and they don’t want to shock me, seeing that I’m already in all. And I could tell you put them. There were testify. Otherwise, who will remember those who were extermi- apnoea. And I would like to take them in my arms and I know that that all these deaths haunt so many of them. So nated when they are no longer there? So they talk and talk and I will never forget these faces. And never in the more than thirty me. But no, no, no. I for- much. I threw up on talk again. Sometimes they hesitate a little. Not that they stumble years I have been in this business have I been so moved. got them. No one, you the bodies. An em- over their memories, but they hesitate in the choice of words: understand, wants to live ployee hosed down. which ones to choose to describe a horror that humanity had ne- * Journalist and essayist, former executive director of Le with the dead. I went out. Outside, ver known before? Which ones to choose to be credible? Because Figaro Magazine

10 # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 11 All that Ahmed Jeballah, president of the UOIF, manages to pro- nounce: “Tariq, uh ... you are dear to us ... Uh you are of ours and The Muslim Brotherhood ended up ... and we are yours ... “ As for the book Duty of truth, it contains no revelation. Howe- ver, we will retain its attacks against Qatar. On the one share, by a letting down Tariq Ramadan pirouette, he denies that the emirate could have paid him 35,000 euros per month. “How could I have taken the silly risk of repatria- ting this money to France, as mentioned by Tracfin, where I am so By Ian Hamel* guarded?“ He asks. Some lines below, he adds without laughing: “Can those who criticize me quote even one only speech or text where I defended a Gulf state, a monarchy, a dictatorship? On the

EXPERTISES he least that can be said is that Tariq Ramadan’s France took a lot of time before breaking with the Swiss preacher. that the hostility of the leaders of the former UOIF against Tariq contrary, there are dozens of examples of texts in which I denounce performance against Jean-Jacques Bourdin on But you have to know that since the creation of the Brotherhood Ramadan comes from far away, because his character is particu- Saudi Arabia, as well as Qatar, Iran, Turkey ... “. BFMTV did not have the desired effect. Even in 1928, on the banks of the Nile in Egypt, the family of Hassan larly hateful and out of control. Internally, he is also Too bad that Tariq Ramadan does not go so far as to before the speech of the grandson of Hassan al-Banna had always been untouchable. The book The Muslim Bro- nicknamed “His majesty TR”. But as soon as mention the publications where he would have al-Banna, after almost two years of silence forced, therhood from origins to our days (Amr Elshobaki, Karthala, 2009) Hassan al-Banna’s grandson appears, eve- allegedly dumped his wrath against the Oumma.com, the main French-speaking Muslim reports that one of the brothers of the General Guide was accused of ryone goes to bed. al-Thani, and more particularly against site, lit him by evoking a “vain rehab”. The site stealing money. He was never worried. “I have in mind this convocation the Sheikha Moza, the mother of the Trecalled that “his life was a tissue of lies and his cynicism without Hassan al-Banna will even cover one of his brothers-in-law, Ab- addressed to him by our hono- current Emir, who sponsored his limits“. But the biggest blow was brought to him by Muslims of del Hakim Abdeen, suspected of harassing and assaulting sexually rable council on the pretext that Chair at Oxford. France (the former UOIF), the tricolor branch of the Muslim Bro- the wives of some members of the Muslim Brotherhood. The facts he had to be called to order (...) We can also wonder why Tariq therhood. Even prior to the distribution of his work, Duty of truth are serious enough that the Brotherhood’s internal tribunal decides Shortly before he joined, many Ramadan chose to domiciliate his in the bookstores, the Muslim association declared itself betrayed to meet for the first time in 1945. openly showed their desire wife and his two girls in Doha, in “by the behavior revealed by Mr. Ramadan, a behavior that is in The court demands the conviction of the brother-in-law. But to fight out with the unmana- this horrible dictatorship. Himself total contradiction with the ethical and moral principles expected Hassan al-Banna rejects the report presented by the Committee sta- geable. Everyone went there spending two weeks a month in by somebody who preaches Islam, calls for his spirituality and his ting that it would form an additional impartial committee. In fact, with his unwavering determi- his palaces! values, and responds to the questions of a mainly young audience he will exclude the members of the commission that drafted the nation to administer to him in and looking for models”. report damning about Abdel Hakim Abdeen … the face hisfour truths ... Now, just The French press did not allow this rejection, on the part of the Farid Abdelkrim, former Muslim Brother (he led the Young when he appeared, I was in such a * Journalist and writer, specialist of Brotherhood, giving it the place it deserved. Certainly, Muslims of Muslims of France), author of Why I Stop Being Islamist, tells panic“ says Farid Abdelkrim. the Muslim Brotherhood.

CNRS, it shows a specific effect of the Muslim faith on religious According to a study, led by Dutch sociologist Ruud Koopmans The Brotherhood that is radicality, as well as important and significant differences between and funded by the German government, Muslims in Belgium (as students who declare themselves Muslim and those who do not. well as those in France and Austria in equal proportions) appear to Thus, 81% of Muslim high school students believe that “it is be the most fundamentalist and xenophobic. But all indications are rather religion that is right on the question of the creation of the that the majority of Muslims in Europe prefer Sharia law. silently Islamizing Europe world”, whereas they are only 27% among Christians and 35% According to Professor Koopmans’ definition of fundamenta- among young people of other religions; 35% of Muslims consider lism, the majority of Muslims in these countries are fundamen- By Hamid Zanaz* that there is “only one true religion”, while only 10% of Christians talists: fundamentalism, according to him, is “the religious ex- think so. pression of what psychologists call an authoritarian personality: Concerning violence, 20% of Muslims declare it acceptable, in someone who cannot stand contradiction”. uropean governments have left the way open for the civil society, by showing a moderate face, which is their trademark. some cases, to fight “weapons in hand for their religion”, against For Dutch professor Ruud Koopmans, director of the “migration Muslim Brotherhood to shape the Islamic public They are Muslim democrats like Christian democrats. But the 9% for Christians and 13% for other religions. As for religious ab- unit” in the Berlin centre, these figures show that Belgium, for exa- opinion in Europe as they wished. And the results comparison makes no sense given the glaring difference between solutism and the justification of violence in the name of religion, mple, is no longer a major supplier of jihadists in Syria by chance: were soon available. They have succeeded in Isla- Islam and Christianity. the authors wrote: “To fight radicalism, he added, the government must obviously look mizing thousands of young people and adults, as The left has always minimized the destructive force of Is- “Compared to Christians, the Muslims we interviewed are five further than this small group that uses violence. The roots of the reported in polls and surveys published in the Euro- lam(ism) in Europe. His press had been hiding the truth for two times more likely to be absolutists and twice as likely to justify re- problem lie in the Muslim community itself. A bellicose attitude is pean press and still vilified by the Muslim decades. It has always wanted to convince people that the ligious violence.” caused by external circumstances such as the situation in Syria. But EBrotherhood and their European accomplices. number of people who want to apply Sharia law There is every indication that radicality is well established it can be seen that a significant minority within the Muslim commu- They fear that their underground work is very limited among Muslims in Europe! among Muslim youth, as well as in the Muslim community as a nity in Europe supports a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam.” will be discovered and that the Euro- But what do the studies and figures really whole. This is automatically linked to the rise of religiosity in their The Muslim Brotherhood has done a good job in broad daylight, pean authorities will put an end to the show? communities. and, undisguised, it still continues to Islamise over almost the whole privileges and aid of all kinds they Launched in the aftermath of the The majority of Muslims in Europe believe that Islamic Sharia of Europe without being in any way worried. The brotherhood uses have enjoyed for years. attacks of November 13, 2015, law should take primacy over the secular laws of the host country. the tolerance of the West against the West itself. Through their naivety, Eu- the investigation by political According to several surveys, Islamic fundamentalism is growing Two possible scenarios: the uprising of the European peoples ropean governments are scientist Anne Muxel and so- very rapidly in Western Europe. against this cultural aggression, or submission to the fascist ideolo- unknowingly Islamizing and ciologist Olivier Galland into Muslims surveyed in Britain, France, Spain and Germany said gy of the Muslim Brotherhood. radicalizing young people of the radical temptation among they support 25% of extremists. Another survey shows that 16% of Muslim origin. The Brothe- high school students reached French and Spanish Muslims, as well as 15% of English Muslims, rhood continue to scam the nearly 7,000 students. Publi- say they are willing to support suicide attacks to protect Islam; and *Writer and essayist, latest book published “L’Europe face à l’in- Westerners, authority and shed in spring 2018 by the 13% of British Muslims justify the July 7, 2005 attacks in London. vasion islamique” (Editions de Paris, 2019).

12 # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 13 former Minister of Education. I was also How to attract young people of my ge- given the chance to submit my modest neration? How to direct them to such Abdul Rahman Al-Suwaidi: research and contributions to the Uni- group or association? These were my versity of the Emirates. They have been new concerns. reviewed by academics and I have even Maths were used at first as a subter- 35 years in the hell of the received a feed-back report on them. fuge by the Organization. In reality, the Imagine, I was just 16 years old and I latter does not have a particular interest met a minister and received an attention in maths or in capacity building of future Muslim Brotherhood (1/2) of such magnitude! A young man of this recruits in this field. But to attract the re- age will simply be snapped up. To become a cruit and create a complicity with him, Stimulating him in this way makes ‘Working Brother’, the Organization had to pretend to be in- him blind and impairs his judgment, terested in maths Abdul Rahman Tell us about your childhood. In what has changed a lot of things in my life. what makes him follow others without you have to The targeting phase was followed by Al-Suwaidi is a former social environment did you grow up and I put the maths and the scientific field any questions being asked. pledge allegiance an initiation phase, during which I met how did you manage to secretly join the aside, and my interest was focused on the Once the step is taken and you have new persons who became friends. I met Emirati Islamist leader.

INTERVIEW ranks of the Muslim Brothehood? social field and on other aspects related joined the group, things change and prio- after having been important personalities, academics and Repentant, he delivers My name is Abdul Rahman Bin Kha- to my new domain. rities also. That means you will have to some opinion leaders and preachers. here a relentless lifa Bin Sobeih Al-Suwaidi. I was born preach (Da’wa). As you have been tar- properly initiated These are the ones who advised the 16- testimony about the in Dubai in 1964, more precisely at Al- Why such a change? geted yourself, you must also target new and trained » or 17-years old youngster that I was. 35 years he spent in Maktoum Hospital, one of the very first Targeting a recruit is one thing, the recruits. You have received attention, so Who diverted him to other areas and ex- the hell of the Muslim hospitals in Dubai. I am native of the following is something else. We always you must show similar attention for new periences, by asking him to take example Brotherhood. In front Fareej Al Murar region. In the 60s, our want our group to be the best, to build recruits, in the interests of the Organiza- on so-and-so. This is how my interest in lifestyle in Dubai was very simple and an elite group. This can be achieved in tion. the scientific field began to decline and of our cameras, he peaceful. Neighbors were like a family two ways: either by targeting brilliant re- In the same way that you yourself that I found myself engaged in a new fi- reveals, in a series and kids used to go together to school. cruits, or by enhancing the capacities of have been supervised, you in turn must ght. of uncompromising In high school, I started to get very in- existing potential in the group. supervise new recruits. So from interest It is important to distinguish between interviews, the terested in maths. It kept my brain very These two approaches are constantly in maths I switched to targeting recruits. the various phases. At the beginning, you Brotherhood’s best kept busy. I think that I inherited this from in force within the Muslim Brotherhood are a recruit targeted by them. Targeting secrets, unmasks his my parents and grandparents, may their Organization in the Emirates. Targe- phase has one goal: get the future recruit souls rest peace. They were working on ting, attracting and selecting the elite is to join the group and sympathize with double discourse and sailing boats and used to sail a lot. Astro- a constant line of conduct. In addition, it, so as to contribute, a posteriori, to its reveals the hearing of nomical calculation and stargazing were training and capacity building of existing activities. his hidden tentacles part of their lives constantly. When I was potential are conducted according to mo- All the youngsters of this age are implanted throughout young, I also used to travel with them. des that are specific to the Organization. looking for opportunities to release their the world.. My interest in maths started early. That At first contact they explain you that energies. In those days, there were not is why some “spheres” became attractive thanks to God you are skilled at mathe- many opportunities and the Al-Islah or- for me. matics, that you are this or that and that ganization offered a lot. Al-Islah was the Interview by When man is allowed to live his life your potential interests the Organization. facade of the Organization of the Muslim Atmane Tazaghart in its natural spontaneity, and is free to For example, I was introduced to the Brotherhood in the Emirates. So, when express his natural inclinations, he will an opportunity is offered to a youngster, for sure show interest in specific areas. he is attracted inevitably, especially if But, when you are under influence of ex- around him there is not much to do. ternal parties who believe that their own His change will take place over time. opinion and advice are authoritative, he It is gradual. The new recruit becomes will inevitably change. aware of the unconfessed objec- Even when a person receives advice from his father, mother, friends or his entourage, he still remains free to make his own choice. But when advice come from doctors, academics and other high- ranking personalities in society, their opi- nions are not questionable, they are taken as such, even if you have to give up your own hobbies, ambitions and personal in- terests. That’s how changes have occurred in my life. My dream to pursue studies in mathematics and the scientific field turned into an interest in the social field. This is the result of my presence in this domain whose ideas are different from those conveyed in my previous one. This environment [The Muslim Brotherhood]

14 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 15 tives a long time after, once it becomes sions and activities of the Organization is and work with are official and fully le- perts from various countries can do the Which confirms that it all belongs to the mature handed over to the new member. Look at gal institutions with a board of directors, same, in order to discuss how to develop same Organization. It takes 5 or even 6 years to realize the terminology used: this entity is desi- managers, a general assembly, etc. But their working methods in their field. The For example, during the “Arab who we are, and who are those around gnated as a Secret Organization in view we realized later that they were governed same applies for political committees. Spring” and what it generated as ten- us. To realize that the panel “Association of the law, but them, they define it as an by an Organization without legal basis. This confirms the existence of contacts sions, instructions were given to diffe- for Reform and Social Orientation - Al Organization for preaching. An armada of associations in charge of between all these bodies and actors that rent branches of the Brotherhood, so Islah” on the front door overlooking the To become a “Working Brother” in the women, youth, engineers, doctors… etc. are working within a unified framework that some carry out armed actions and main street hides doubtful things Organization of the Muslim Brotherhood, were established. They are all official within the Brotherhood. The environ- others for mediatic hype. And here [in It’s in the 1st year at the university you must first take an oath after your ini- and legal. No doubt about that. But they ment where we operate can dictate some the United Arab Emirates] we are asked that I realized the situation. From initia- The rule is that all tiation and training. This oath provides take instructions from an illegal entity. adaptations, but the methodological refe- to provide financial support, etc.

INTERVIEW tion phase to the beginning of activism, access to some privileges, activities, res- It is later that we realized that the oath rent is the same everywhere. It’s the one The role assigned to a country (X) was it took 4 years in my case. During the those who are in ponsibilities and information that were pledged in a given country turns into oath of the Muslim Brotherhood designated not the same as the one of a country (Y). 4 years, I was very active and I quickly the Brotherhood not accessible in previous phases. to the Controller of the Brotherhood, as a terrorist Organization. There are This coordination between the groups took several steps. Compared to my Some information are no longer kept that is to say to its Emir in this country. agreements between Muslim Brothers belonging to the Brotherhood in different peers of the same age, I was a model in should not have secret and some officials are designated And this Emir in turn takes orders from from different countries or sometimes countries has allowed each one to fulfill terms of rapid progression. Because it access to all the by their true positions. We discover that abroad from higher institutions to which between sections or agencies specialized its role. It was not the result of individual usually takes 6 to 7 years so-and-so, who is with us for a long time, he himself pledged allegiance. in the same domain, to avoid referring to efforts geared here and there in a spon- During the first two-year-initiation secrets of the is an officer in charge of this or that. What We knew all these information much distant hierarchy. taneous or hazardous way. phase the future recruit is admitted as we didn’t know before. later. In fact, the hand extended to one For example, if a disaster happens in a a simple listener. The future recruit is Brotherhood » Of course, the unveiling of the secrecy person passes through a series of other given country, direct contacts will be es- Read the full interview & watch treated as an object that passes through is done progressively. But taking an oath hands to finish at the World Organization tablished between the activists assigned the video on our website www.global-watch-analysis.com several hands. There are those who carry does not mean you can say and know eve- of Muslim Brotherhood currently based to dispatch humanitarian and relief aids him by car, those who accompany him parency. It is at this moment that the fu- rything. Some prerogatives are restricted in Great Britain. and those of the country that will receive by bus, those who provide him with ex- ture recruit is informed that this is the Or- to internal committees and are kept secret, The targeting phases are the same, the those aids. Level of direct coordination planations, those who train him and tell ganization of the Muslim Brotherhood. including for members under oath. Some oath of allegiance also. The sections also is so advanced that the World Organiza- him what to do and not to do, etc. The All of a sudden the ordinary and natural took an oath and stayed a long time in the and the Shura councils, the key organs tion needn’t to supervise everything future recruit is required to be present, tasks that were assigned to the recruits Organization without knowing anything are similar or almost identical in all the vertically. Instructions come from participate and enjoy the programs no are transformed into commitment and about some of its secrets. countries. Whether Arab, Islamic, Euro- the world Organization, but coor- more, no less this commitment implies specific provi- The lifting of secrecy is not systematic pean or Western countries. They all use dination happens between the Then, during the next 2 years of the sions. or a guaranteed right for everyone. The the same operation mode. concerned countries. Because at same phase some small responsibilities secret is lifted to achieve specific goals Small variations exist. They result first, it is the Organization that are assigned to the future recruit. The How does this commitment called Bay’a or actions, otherwise it is restricted to from the environment of the country guarantees one country towards recruit obtains her driving license for work? specific persons within the Organization. where these organizations operate. But another and guarantees reliability example, so he can be asked to pick up, Al Bay’a is a personal oath of loyalty Marginal and unnecessary questions and the main methodology is the political and loyalty of the activists invol- by car, some members of the group on to the Organization or entity (of the side questions are left aside for fear that Islam. Its foundations form ved. his way. If a conference is scheduled Muslim Brotherhood), but not to the of- this will have undesired consequences the oath of allegiance Co-ordination can happen at somewhere, the recruit has to drive the ficially disclosed institution, that is, the that information reach parties other than and the undisputed lower levels only if decided by lecturer. And young people like to invest association that serves as a legal front their intended recipients. Secrets are so- obedience to the the world Organization. in this way. for the Brotherhood. It is often pledged metimes kept very strictly others a little Brotherhood. The new recruit may be requested in private homes, like mine was. No big less. It depends on the nature of work and And the goal is to to lead the group on its way to the ve- ritual: 5 people including the officer in tasks. The rule is that all those who are in influence the go- nue, not the whole group, only 5 or 6 charge of the group. You give your hand the Brotherhood should not have access vernments through members can be placed under his direc- and the officer tends his and you take an to all the secrets of the Brotherhood. educational and cha- tion or responsibility. It’s a way of trai- oath of obedience, in all circumstances, ritable front organizations. ning future recruits for leadership. unless you receive an order to commit a Are there any forms of collective alle- All that is almost identical. The transition from the initiation sin. giance, especially for the world leadership phase to that of activism does not obey With this oath you shift from the initia- of the Brotherhood? How is the coordination of the actions specific rules or indicators. It is rather at tion to the executive phase. And you are Allegiance commits in individual ca- of all these tentacles of the Brotherhood the discretion of the branch or sub-region counting amongst members with speci- pacity. It is a commitment to the person established throughout the world carried of the Organization. They are the ones fic profile, assignments, and roles. Be- or the organization in the country where out? who give their opinion about the future fore allegiance, recruits are supporters, we are. At the time we made Al Bay’a, we First of all, there are the so-called recruit and his involvement. The latter followers, affiliates, sympathizers. Call did not know that the Organization has “specialized forums”. Experts in recruit’s can make big leaps forward or stagnate them as you want. So, the latter should structures at country and global levels. targeting from several countries can hold for a long time. commit themselves and that goes through We were not at the top of the pyramid but a forum around this theme. Charity ex- The Organization assigns new tasks to the pledge of allegiance. Allegiance is a at the bottom or on the fringe. This truth future recruits just to observe their reac- commitment. It is a commitment to liste- appeared years after allegiance. The “Dis- tions. Some recruits assimilate and pro- ning and obeying. With these few words, closure” phase itself does not reveal the gress quickly. There is no precise rule, as the new recruit is admitted as an active existence of partial or total dependency. I said earlier, it can take 4 years for some member of the Brotherhood. We did not suspect that the oath and 7 years for others. Allegiance is preceded by a short “dis- pledged to the person who gave you his Crucial matters intervene at the mo- closure’’ phase that takes place about hand is also an oath to those who are with ment of Al Bay’a (pledging allegiance). six months earlier. A document entitled him. At that time our reasoning was as It is the moment of disclosure and trans- “preaching” (da’wa) specifying mis- follows: the front organizations we deal

16 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 17 In the secret of the new French intelligence strategy

Identifying the most crucial French intelligence issues and proposing a new way of operating and coordinating the efforts of the French intelligence community is at the heart of the national intelligence strategy developed this summer by the National Coordination for Intelligence and Counter Terrorism (in French: Coordination Nationale du Renseignement et de la Lutte contre le Terrorisme – CNRLT). DOCUMENTS

his new strategy recom- tion of attacks risks is thus revealed “at French Republic is not in conflict with mends an overhaul of Ser- the heart of French doctrine in the fight other nations, it must acquire an “ad- vices’ operating procedures against terrorism”. vanced level of information in military to meet new challenges Despite their military defeat, the Jiha- field”. A vigilance dictated by “the resur- regarding the protection of dist movements, both in Levant and Sahel, gence of military power policies on the Tinformation which concern strategic continue to pose a serious threat to French part of many States” as well as “the emer- and promotion areas (political, economic, scientific and interests abroad but also in France. And in gence of “hybrid” threats that require us of French econo- technological), the assistance of State addition to this “organized danger”, there to maintain an autonomous capacity to mic interests must services in decision-making, as well as are also actions being taken by individuals assess arsenals and capabilities of other remain amongst the the hindrance of any threat. To this end, with a troubled past “inspired” by jihadist States”. priorities of the intel- “sharing, mutualisation and integration propaganda on social networks. The new Still in the military field, the Strategy ligence community. The have become essential issues” for the Intelligence Strategy emphasizes that anti- stresses on the fact that France, as perma- new challenges in the field coordination of efforts by the French in- cipating this “radical deviance” turns out nent member of UN’s Security Council, of economic intelligence demand telligence community. to be necessary in sensitive areas such as has the duty to contribute to countering “the identification and prevention prisons, cultural and religious associations the proliferation of weapons and to iden- of any serious, potential or proven, THREATS AND PRIORITIES: and on the internet. tifying the countries seeking to clandesti- systemic or isolated, threat, likely to In an era of terrorist threats, of increa- In a tense social context, intelligence nely acquire weapons of mass destruction. affect the Nation’s economic, industrial sing radicalism and of international insta- services must also listen to shifts from However, the Strategy emphasizes that and scientific interests, and in particular bility, France develops a new intelligence ultra-right movements towards violence, opposing State threats is not limited to strategic assets”. strategy. A track sheet has been drawn up which must be treated with the same vi- military domain alone. Services’ actions The Strategy underlines the important by the CNRLT, at the Elysee’s initiative. It gilance as jihadist threats. In addition, “also covers State terrorism that may oc- role that Services must play in “iden- defines a global strategy for the action of the Strategy considers that the rise of na- cur on French territory” and also “trans- tifying threats and supporting State’s the so-called “first circle” French services, tional protest movements (infiltrated by versal threats covering issues of foreign policies in this area as well as French concerned with security and defence issues. small international insurgent groups, such interference in the democratic process and economic actors in their international This document foresees significant as black-blocks) and the resulting public collusion that may harm the Republic”. expansion”. changes in practice modes of functions order crises should encourage Services Therefore, French counter-intelligence of various services (DGSE, DGSI, DRM, to adopt a proximity approach, in order will acquire new means in the view of DRSD, DNRED and TRACFIN) and rede- to keep abreast of local life. A necessary “constantly adapting Services’ capabili- The National Coordination for Intelligence fines their priorities in order to further parti- knowledge for a good understanding of ties and a better dissemination of intelli- cipate in interception and analysis of neces- movements crossing society and a better gence to entities in charge of protection and Counter-Terrorism sary to ensure “the prevention of violations prevention of anything that may constitute and obstruction. » to the interests of the Nation, the protection a disturbance to public order. Internet has become the preferred area The National Coordination for Intelligence and Coun- by the President of the Republic within the National Intel- of persons, properties and institutions and for some of these interference practices, ter-Terrorism (CNRLT) was established in 2008. It’s res- ligence Council. It will be partly reflected in an intelligence the defense and promotion of France’s in- INTERNATIONAL which constitute a threat to democracy, ponsible for developing the strategy and advising the Head law text to be presented to Parliament in 2020. terests”. CHALLENGES: whether they come from state sources or of State in the field of intelligence. Pierre de Bousquet de It should be noted that the National Intelligence There are many priority issues for International relations have a privile- from organised crime. The Strategy in- Florian, the current national coordinator for intelligence Council, within which this new strategy has been French intelligence both within France’s ged place in this new Strategy. First and sists on the need to set up an intelligence and counter-terrorism, is also responsible for ensuring discussed, is dedicated to defence and security issues. It territory and abroad. But terrorist threats formost, relations between States and the policy based on combating the spread of good cooperation between services and the cohesion of develops intelligence policies and strategies and defines are undoubtedly the main challenge Ser- importance of analysing transformations “malware” (harmful software), hate mes- their action. the necessary technical and human resources to imple- vices have to face. of France’s partner countries in order to sages and cybercrime. The new intelligence strategy, which we present here, ment them. It is chaired by the President of the Repu- Indeed, for the past 5 years, France anticipate the risks of “major disruptions” complements a first version developed in 2014. It has been blic and includes the Prime Minister and ministers and has been facing an unprecedented wave that could harm French interests. ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE: the subject of an inter-ministerial review and a validation directors of relevant intelligence services. of terrorist acts. Preventive neutralisa- The Strategy considers that, even if the The Strategy considers that defence

18 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 SCREEN WATCH - # 04 - OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 2019 19 Jacques Chirac as I knew him

By Roland jacquard invited by Bill and Hillary Clinton to a private dinner at the French restaurant La grenouille in New York, he asked me to give a message to the American President. And during our y first meeting with Jacques Chirac was or- meeting, Bill Clinton told me: “You will thank President Chi- ganised by Michel Baroin (François Baroin’s rac for me, he has always had a lot of flair...” father, whom Jacques Chirac considered as a At that time, I was finishing my book In the Name of son). At the time, Jacques Chirac was mayor Osama Bin Laden (the first world biography of the leader of Paris and Michel Baroin, former head of of Al-Qaeda), which was published on September 10, 2001! Mcabinet of the President of the National Assembly, Edgar After the attacks of 9/11, I met President Chirac at the Elysée

PROFILES Faure, had become CEO of the GMF (Garantie Mutuelle des and he told me: “We are now all in self-defence. My arm will Fonctionnaires). not weaken. But we must be careful not to stir up hatred.” When Jacques Chirac had his car accident in Corrèze in After that, I never stopped talking, often on weekends, November 1978, I visited him almost every day during his convalescence. When he was discharged from Cochin Hospital in early 1979, he asked me to help him sort through some photos and documents. I then got to know the real Chirac, sensitive, human, so close to people and full of humor.... In 1986, when he was appointed Prime Minister, he asked me to continue to work discreetly with him, to give him the “echoes of the street”. At that time, he also com- missioned me to write reports on terrorist risks in France. Since then, we have never ceased to be in direct contact, particularly on these subjects. Thus, after the Paris attacks in 1995, he gave me a report on the Algerian Islamists of the GIA (Armed Islamic Group), then put me in contact with the then Police Com- missioner, Philippe Massoni. The GIA (Armed Islamic Group) then sent him a letter with Jacques Chirac about what he called the “demons of the urging him to convert to Islam. I remember President Chi- century”. rac’s comments to this effect: “They think I am a crusader. I also remember his admiring words about some Arab mo- What an obscurantist! But you will see, one day they will narchies in the Gulf, particularly the United Arab Emirates: strike other great countries.” “From the desert they have made a paradise and are always A few years later, when I told him about my fears about of good advice”. And also on Africa: “I have a weakness for Bin Laden (whom I had met in Sudan in 1994), President Africans, they are natural and love France, and then let us Chirac told me: “I know the family well, they are beyond re- remember General De Gaulle’s speech from Brazzaville...” proach, but they are suspicious of Osama, too enlightened”. Finally, I would like to pay tribute to Jacques Chirac and I then explained to him my discoveries on the Bin Laden thank him soo much for his humanism, for his open-minde- networks: the jihad encyclopaedia, the threats to come, etc. dness, his great patience and his deep affection for the French In June 2000, when Jacques Chirac learned that I had been people.

MONTHLY NEWSLETTER PUBLISHING COMPANY: Editor in chief, responsible Editorial Committee: SCREEN PUBLISHEDSCREEN BY THE SITE: for publication: WATCH WATCH COUNTRIES REPORTS ASMA RAMDANI (Deputy Editor-in-Chief), SCREEN www.global-watch-analysis.comSCREEN PUBLISHING ATMANE TAZAGHART NICOLAS CHÊNE (Video Editor-in-Chief), MOHAMED AL KHEDIRI (Editor), WATCH ROOSVELTWATCH HOUSE, COMPANY NUMBER: Editorial experts YACINE TAZAGHART (Video Editor), 6 AVENUE FRANKLIN ROOSVELT, 06741319 and consultants: LOUIZA MELHAA (Editorial Secretary), 75008, PARIS ROLAND JACQUARD KLARA RUELLO (Editorial Assistante). 191 WALTHAM WAY, CHRISTIAN MALARD GEOSTRATEGIC FORSIGHT PHONE: GEOSTRATEGIC+33 1 70 91FORSIGHT 55 07 LONDON, E4 8AG, IAN HAMEL Design & Computer graphics: MXB. SECURITY MONITORING FAX: +33SECURITY 1 70 91 MONITORING 55 66 UNITED KINGDOM MARTINE GOZLAN COUNTER-TERRORISMGEOSTRATEGIC FORSIGHT GEOSTRATEGICCOUNTER-TERRORISM FORSIGHT RESISTANCESECURITY TO MONITORING EXTREMISM RESISTANCESECURITY MONITORING TO EXTREMISM FABIENNE DURAND IT & web: AMAR MERIECH. COUNTER-TERRORISM [email protected] GEORGES MALBRUNOT RESISTANCE TO EXTREMISM RESISTANCE TO EXTREMISM JEAN-MARIE MONTALI Translation: ARABICSI, CHAUSSÉE HAMID ZANAZ DE SAINT-JOB 267, 1180, UCCLE, BELGIUM

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