Korice Naslovna

GEOLOŠKI ANALI BALKANSKOGA POLUOSTRVA Volume 82 (1), July 2021, 59–68 – https://doi.org/10.2298/GABP210607004R History note Историјска белешка Witness of the history: A hundred years old the geological hammer of Jovan Žujović 1,2 JuPKO uNDić L R Abstract. During the celebration of thirty years of existence and work of the Serbian Geological Society (SGS) on February 10, 1921, as a sign of great re - Key words spect toward Academician Jovan Žujović, the President and founder of the Ser - Geological hammer, bian Geological Society and father of the Serbian Geological School, all the Jovan Žujović, members of SGS gave him an unique geological hammer with engraved dedi - Serbian Geological Society, cation and their signatures. Over the past hundred years, many generations of 1921 –2021 .: geologists have found inspiration by looking at the hammer and sharing this story with great reverence. Today, when geologists visit the Memorial Room of Geology (Faculty of Mining and Geology, Kamenička Street No. 6), where this hammer is carefully kept as well as other valuable exhibits from the his - tory of Serbian geology, similar feelings fill us. Aпстракт .Током обележавања тридесет година постојања и рада Српског геолошког друштва 10. фебруара 1921. године, у знак великог пошто - вања према академику Јовану Жујовићу, председнику и оснивачу Српског Кључне речи геолошког друштва и српске геолошке школе, чланови СГД поклонили Геолошки чекић, Јован Жујовић, су му јединствени геолошки чекић са угравираном посветом и својим Српско геолошко друштво, потписима . Током протеклих стотину година, многе генерације геолога 1921 –2021 . проналазиле су инспирацију гледајући чекић и делећи ову причу с : великим пијететом. Данас, када геолози посећују Спомен собу геологије (Рударско-геолошки факултет, ул. Каменичка бр. 6), где се пажљиво чува овај чекић као и други вредни експонати из историје српске геологије, прожимају нас слична осећања . 1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Đušina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 President of the History of Geology Section of Serbian Geological Society, and Мember of the The International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences (INHIGEO) . E-mail: ljupko.rundic @rgf.bg.ac.rs 59 LJUPkO RUNdIć Introduction commemorate the rich and unknown moving geo - Rheercitoagvee orfy S oerfb SiaG. S in the post-Great The modern archaeological studies suggest the War period geological hammer is the oldeAsLtM perRofessional tool and much older than thought ( P , 2016). The first record about hammer usage by some hominid group who lived onto the westAeRrMnA sNhD ore of Lake Turkana, Kenya was given by H et al. (2015). They in the first years after the Great War, the King - dicovered the 3.3-million-year-old site where in situ dom of Serbia although one of the victorious stone artefacts were in spatial and temporal associ - countries, was completely human and materially ation with Pliocene hominin fossils who lived in a destroyed. Nothing changed when it entered the woody habitat. Nowadays, it is the world’s largest state union called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and permanent desert lake and belongs uNeSCO World Slovenes (1918 –1929) and a long and difficult re - Heritage Site. The discoveries of stone arte facts theArLe covery began. The struggle to return to a more or MsheoR w that ‘proto-geologists’ (the term used by P - less “normal life” was waged in all fields. Much was , 2016) did know some rock features (e.g. hard - expected from geology as a profession. The promi - ness, fracture features, etc.). Based on artefact nent Serbian geologists of that time were in the last composition, it seems they apparently pre ferred years of the war in various missions throughout volcanic rocks suchA aLsM beRasalt for production of pri - europe, where they fought for the Serbian interests mitive hammers ( P , 2016). Based on this, as anudK Otovoić k care of thReu Beićducation of young personnel well as on the other archeological records, it can be (L , 1954; G , 1996). Most of the older implied that stone hammers were created much generation of geologists such as Jovan Žujović, Sava earlier than thought. From Middle Ages times, ham - urošević, Jovan Cvijić, and others after successfully mers diversified into a lot of forms. The main reason completing diplomatic missions, returned to the was an increasing number of trade speci alisations country and started to gather younger coleaguess (e.g. blacksmith, mason, sAhLMoeRmaker, car penter, who graduated abroad. They worked via the regular jeweller, geologist, etc.). As P (2016) states, up monthly sessions of SGS (every 10th day of the to the 19th century the Sheffield trade catalogues month) and regular activity at theu GKOevoilć ogical Survey advertised around 80 different kinds of hammer. of the university of Belgrade ( L , 1954). The One of the world’s greatest collections of geolo - victorious energy and enthusiasm was based on the gical hammers is stored in the Sedgwick Museum heroic fight during the War and the huge human and (Cambridge, uK). it includes 41 hammers collected material sacrifices gave additional motivation and from a century and a half long period (from 1873). faith that the geological professioRnuB aićnd scienceu NwDiilć l Some of them were owned by eminent 19th century progress in the years to come ( G , 1996; R geologists, such as William Buckland (1784 –1856), et al., 2016). William Daniel Conibeare A(L1M7e8R 7 –1857) and Adam SGS officially renewed its wuoKrOkv iwć ith the 178th Sedgwick (1785 –1873) ( P , 2016). session on January 10, 1920 ( L , 1954). Given Today, probably the largest hammer museum in the fact that the first generations of educated geol - the world (opened in Haines, Alaska in 2005) have ogists in Serbia were decimated during the war more than 10.000 different exhibits. years, the new young gueNoDlioć gists immediately joined This historical note on 100 years old hammer the work of the SGS ( R et al., 2016). Older ones, have a lot of symbolism and as the author, i was led by the president of SGS, Academician and pro - strong intention to published it in this journal. Na - fessor J. Žujović were aware that a new stage in the mely, the journal, Geological Annales of Balkan development of Serbian geology would begin, and Peninsula , was founded in 1888 . by Jovan Žujović were determined to reorganize the Society with the 6h0 imself . The author had the privilege and real help of younger colleaGgeuole. asn e. Baaglke. rpo flouors .a, 2f0fi2r1m, 82a (t1i)o, 5n9.– 6A 8 pleasure to share this story with the public and solemn gathering on 30 years of existence and work Witness of the history: A hundred years old the geological hammer of Jovan Žujović agrogeology applied Geol - of SGS, at which the founder and long-time presi - the initiators and foundReurBsić of the Natural History ogy dent of the Society Jovan Žujović spoke, was held on Museum in Belgrade ( G , 1996). He introduced February 10, 1921. He said: “... We have reason to be course at the Faculty of Agriculture, completely satisfied (with SGS). it kept us together, and helped its foundation. He taught maintained the unity and solidarity among us, and at the Faculty of engineering until the First Long live the Serbian Geological Society sometimes served to divide the labour among us in World War. His scientific papers were publishedu Nin a useful way. Without the Society, the sum of our mDić any international and national publications ( R - work would have been smaller. That is whuyN iD sić ay: et al., 2016). During the establishment of the Ser - TevANOvić ” ( R & bian Royal Academy (SRA, 1887), among the first S , 2017). sixteen members of the SRA, Jovan Žujović was the At the ceremony, Žujović got a special geological youngest one and he was appointed as secretary of hammer with engruaKvOivnićg and signuNaDtuić res of all the the Academy. Twenty-eight years later, he was mAceamdberms oicf SiaGnS ( JLovan ,Ž 1u9j5o4v; iR ć et al ., 2016 ). elected as PresidueNnDtić of the Serbian Royal Academy (1915–1921) ( R et al., 2016). in the meantime, he was elected into the Hungarian Academy of Sci - ence (189 4) together with academician Ljubomir Klerić, a miniunNgD eić ngineer and one of the first mem - Jovan M. Žujović (1856–1936), was one of the ber of SGS ( R , 2020). interestingly, it should be most prominent citizens at theR eunBdić of XiX and uaNt Dthić e emphasized that in the same year, Nikola Tesla, the beginning of XX century ( G , 1996; R , Serbian American and famous world-renown inven - 2010). He finished Natural Science and Mathematics tor, was admitted to the Serbian Royal Academy on Section of the Great School in Belgrade (1877) and Klerić’s proposal. graduated from the Faculty of Sciences, Natural His - tory Section in Paris, France. At the same time, he studied at the anthropological school in Paris. As the first professional geologist in Serbia, he was elected in 1880 as an assistant at the Chair of MineraRluoBgić y and Geology of the Great School in Belgrade ( G , 1996). Many decades we celebrate this event as the beginning of the modern geological school in Serbia. in 1883 he became a full professor at the Great School. in a period up to 1900, he produced a geo - Geologische uebersicht des Koenigreiches Ser - logical map of Serbiau aNnDdić wrote a few basic text - bia Petrographic mineralogy books for geology ( R et al., 2016). His most Petrography i–iii Fundamentals of Ge - important works and books have been printed such ology of the Kingdom of Serbia Sur les roches as the éruptives de la Serbie Sur les terrains (1886, Wien), (1887), sédimentaires de la Serbie Geology of (1889, 1895), Serbia i–ii (1889), (1893, Paris), (1893, Paris), Fig.

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