GEOLOŠKI ANALI BALKANSKOGA POLUOSTRVA Volume 82 (1), July 2021, 59–68 – https://doi.org/10.2298/GABP210607004R History note Историјска белешка

Witness of the history: A hundred years old the geological hammer of Jovan Žujović

1,2 JuPKO uNDić L R Abstract.

During the celebration of thirty years of existence and work of the Serbian Geological Society (SGS) on February 10, 1921, as a sign of great re - Key words spect toward Academician Jovan Žujović, the President and founder of the Ser - Geological hammer, bian Geological Society and father of the Serbian Geological School, all the Jovan Žujović, members of SGS gave him an unique geological hammer with engraved dedi - Serbian Geological Society, cation and their signatures. Over the past hundred years, many generations of 1921 –2021 .: geologists have found inspiration by looking at the hammer and sharing this story with great reverence. Today, when geologists visit the Memorial Room of Geology (Faculty of Mining and Geology, Kamenička Street No. 6), where this hammer is carefully kept as well as other valuable exhibits from the his - tory of Serbian geology, similar feelings fill us. Aпстракт

.Током обележавања тридесет година постојања и рада Српског геолошког друштва 10. фебруара 1921. године, у знак великог пошто - вања према академику Јовану Жујовићу, председнику и оснивачу Српског Кључне речи геолошког друштва и српске геолошке школе, чланови СГД поклонили Геолошки чекић, Јован Жујовић, су му јединствени геолошки чекић са угравираном посветом и својим Српско геолошко друштво, потписима . Током протеклих стотину година, многе генерације геолога 1921 –2021 . проналазиле су инспирацију гледајући чекић и делећи ову причу с : великим пијететом. Данас, када геолози посећују Спомен собу геологије (Рударско-геолошки факултет, ул. Каменичка бр. 6), где се пажљиво чува овај чекић као и други вредни експонати из историје српске геологије, прожимају нас слична осећања .

1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Đušina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 President of the History of Geology Section of Serbian Geological Society, and Мember of the The International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences (INHIGEO) . E-mail: ljupko.rundic @rgf.bg.ac.rs

59 LJUPkO RUNdIć

Introduction

commemorate the rich and unknown moving geo - Rheercitoagvee orfy S oerfb SiaG. S in the post-Great The modern archaeological studies suggest the War period geological hammer is the oldeAsLtM perRofessional tool and much older than thought ( P , 2016). The first record about hammer usage by some hominid group who lived onto the westAeRrMnA sNhD ore of Lake Turkana, Kenya was given by H et al. (2015). They in the first years after the Great War, the King - dicovered the 3.3-million-year-old site where in situ dom of Serbia although one of the victorious stone artefacts were in spatial and temporal associ - countries, was completely human and materially ation with Pliocene hominin fossils who lived in a destroyed. Nothing changed when it entered the woody habitat. Nowadays, it is the world’s largest state union called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and permanent desert lake and belongs uNeSCO World Slovenes (1918 –1929) and a long and difficult re - Heritage Site. The discoveries of stone arte facts theArLe covery began. The struggle to return to a more or sMheoR w that ‘proto-geologists’ (the term used by P - less “normal life” was waged in all fields. Much was , 2016) did know some rock features (e.g. hard - expected from geology as a profession. The promi - ness, fracture features, etc.). Based on artefact nent Serbian geologists of that time were in the last composition, it seems they apparently pre ferred years of the war in various missions throughout volcanic rocks suchA aLsM beRasalt for production of pri - europe, where they fought for the Serbian interests mitive hammers ( P , 2016). Based on this, as anudK Otovoić k care of thReu Beićducation of young personnel well as on the other archeological records, it can be (L , 1954; G , 1996). Most of the older implied that stone hammers were created much generation of geologists such as Jovan Žujović, Sava earlier than thought. From Middle Ages times, ham - urošević, Jovan Cvijić, and others after successfully mers diversified into a lot of forms. The main reason completing diplomatic missions, returned to the was an increasing number of trade speci alisations country and started to gather younger coleaguess (e.g. blacksmith, mason, sAhLMoeRmaker, car penter, who graduated abroad. They worked via the regular jeweller, geologist, etc.). As P (2016) states, up monthly sessions of SGS (every 10th day of the to the 19th century the Sheffield trade catalogues month) and regular activity at theu GKOevoilć ogical Survey advertised around 80 different kinds of hammer. of the university of Belgrade ( L , 1954). The One of the world’s greatest collections of geolo - victorious energy and enthusiasm was based on the gical hammers is stored in the Sedgwick Museum heroic fight during the War and the huge human and (Cambridge, uK). it includes 41 hammers collected material sacrifices gave additional motivation and from a century and a half long period (from 1873). faith that the geological professioRnuB aićnd scienceu NwDiilć l Some of them were owned by eminent 19th century progress in the years to come ( G , 1996; R geologists, such as William Buckland (1784 –1856), et al., 2016). William Daniel Conibeare A(L1M7e8R 7 –1857) and Adam SGS officially renewed its wuoKrOkv iwć ith the 178th Sedgwick (1785 –1873) ( P , 2016). session on January 10, 1920 ( L , 1954). Given Today, probably the largest hammer museum in the fact that the first generations of educated geol - the world (opened in Haines, Alaska in 2005) have ogists in Serbia were decimated during the war more than 10.000 different exhibits. years, the new young gueNoDlioć gists immediately joined This historical note on 100 years old hammer the work of the SGS ( R et al., 2016). Older ones, have a lot of symbolism and as the author, i was led by the president of SGS, Academician and pro - strong intention to published it in this journal. Na - fessor J. Žujović were aware that a new stage in the mely, the journal, Geological Annales of Balkan development of Serbian geology would begin, and Peninsula , was founded in 1888 . by Jovan Žujović were determined to reorganize the Society with the 6h0 imself . The author had the privilege and real help of younger colleaGgeuole. asn e. Baaglke. rpo flouors .a, 2f0fi2r1m, 82a (t1i)o, 5n9.– 6A 8 pleasure to share this story with the public and solemn gathering on 30 years of existence and work Witness of the history: A hundred years old the geological hammer of Jovan Žujović

agrogeology applied Geol - of SGS, at which the founder and long-time presi - the initiators and foundReurBsić of the Natural History ogy dent of the Society Jovan Žujović spoke, was held on Museum in Belgrade ( G , 1996). He introduced February 10, 1921. He said: “... We have reason to be course at the Faculty of Agriculture, completely satisfied (with SGS). it kept us together, and helped its foundation. He taught maintained the unity and solidarity among us, and at the Faculty of engineering until the First Long live the Serbian Geological Society sometimes served to divide the labour among us in World War. His scientific papers were publishedu Nin a useful way. Without the Society, the sum of our mDić any international and national publications ( R - work would have been smaller. That is whuyN iD sić ay: et al., 2016). During the establishment of the Ser - TevANOvić ” ( R & bian Royal Academy (SRA, 1887), among the first S , 2017). sixteen members of the SRA, Jovan Žujović was the At the ceremony, Žujović got a special geological youngest one and he was appointed as secretary of hammer with engruaKvOivnićg and signuNaDtuić res of all the the Academy. Twenty-eight years later, he was mAceamdberms oicf SiaGnS ( JLovan ,Ž 1u9j5o4v; iR ć et al ., 2016 ). elected as PresidueNnDtić of the Serbian Royal Academy (1915–1921) ( R et al., 2016). in the meantime, he was elected into the Hungarian Academy of Sci - ence (189 4) together with academician Ljubomir Klerić, a miniunNgD eić ngineer and one of the first mem - Jovan M. Žujović (1856–1936), was one of the ber of SGS ( R , 2020). interestingly, it should be most prominent citizens at theR eunBdić of XiX and uaNt Dthić e emphasized that in the same year, Nikola Tesla, the beginning of XX century ( G , 1996; R , Serbian American and famous world-renown inven - 2010). He finished Natural Science and Mathematics tor, was admitted to the Serbian Royal Academy on Section of the Great School in Belgrade (1877) and Klerić’s proposal. graduated from the Faculty of Sciences, Natural His - tory Section in Paris, France. At the same time, he studied at the anthropological school in Paris. As the first professional geologist in Serbia, he was elected in 1880 as an assistant at the Chair of MineraRluoBgić y and Geology of the Great School in Belgrade ( G , 1996). Many decades we celebrate this event as the beginning of the modern geological school in Serbia. in 1883 he became a full professor at the Great School. in a period up to 1900, he produced a geo - Geologische uebersicht des Koenigreiches Ser - logical map of Serbiau aNnDdić wrote a few basic text - bia Petrographic mineralogy books for geology ( R et al., 2016). His most Petrography i–iii Fundamentals of Ge - important works and books have been printed such ology of the Kingdom of Serbia Sur les roches as the éruptives de la Serbie Sur les terrains (1886, Wien), (1887), sédimentaires de la Serbie Geology of (1889, 1895), Serbia i–ii (1889), (1893, Paris), (1893, Paris), Fig. 1. The famous academic portrait of Jovan ŽuJović was painted (1893, 1900). Geological annales of by uroš Predić (oil on canvas, 1921). The painting decorates the He founded a few important institutions such as the Balkan Peninsula Memorial room of Geology, Kamenička 6. the Geological Survey of Great School (1889), Ser - bian Geological Society (1891) and the first geologi - Gcaeoll .j aonu. Branlka. lp oilnuo Ss.e, 2r0b2i1a, 8 n2 (a1m), 5e9–d6 8 “ 61 ” (1888) as well. He was one of LJUPkO RUNdIć

J. Žujović was a member of the Senate (1901) and professor of natural sciences at the Lyceum (later at a Member of Parliament (1903–1912). He was Min - the Great School) takes a particular place. Pančić ister of education and Religious Affairs for two gave the position of lecturer in geology to Žujović. terms (1905 and 1909–1910) and Minister for For - Both of them have special collections of personal eign Affairs of Serbia (second half of 1905). At time things in the Memorial Room. For example, among of founding of the university of Belgrade in 1905 he the collection of Žujović’s domestic and foreign was appointed a full professor again, one of the first orders, the French Legion of Honour stands out. eight who elected the rest of teaching staff of the The Žujović’s hammer consists of two-pieces: the university. He held a speech on behalf of the Serbian steel head and wooden handle reinforced at the Royal Academy during the opening ceremony of the ends (Fig. 3a–b). Both pieces are specific in relation university. During the Great War, he was a special to other similar hammers because they have a spe - emissary of the Serbian government in Paris with cially written dedication. Both sides of the head the mission of organizing the SerbianR uscBhić ools for have engraved inscriptions (Fig. 3c–j). On one side, reufNuDgieć e pupils and collecting aid ( G , 1996; in the central part of the head, in small written Cyril - RThe Geeto allo., 2g0ic1a6l) .H ammer of Jovan Žujović lic letters, it is written in three lines: “The founder of Serbian Geology – Jovan M. Žujović – Grateful stu - dents”. in the front, it is engraved “1880” (the year of the founding of Chair for Mineralogy & Geology at Great School, Belgrade) and on the posterior end The Memorial Room of Geology was formed few of the head it says “1921.” On the other side of the years after the Geological Survey of the university hammer head, in the middle, also in Cyrillic letters, of Belgrade was moved from the university building are engraved in three rows: “To President – of the to a new building at Kamenička 6 (1952) and Serbian Geological Society – Members”. in the back represents an important contribution tuoK pOrveić serving part is engraved: “1891” (year of the founding of the thueN Didić entity of the geological school ( L , 1954; SGS) and close to the blade is inscribed: “1921”. R et al., 2016). The Room has very old, but also The length of the steel head is 12.5 centimetres, very valuable elements of heritage, such as old the maximum height of the head is at the posterior cabinets, desks and chairs, photographs, books, impact end is 2.5 centimetres. The maximum width notebooks, decorations, the first microscope, the of the head is in the middle (3.5 cm) where it has an first petrological and paleontological thin-sections, elliptical shape (see Fig. 3f, k). The width of the old hammers, and so forth (Fig. 2). Among many chisel as well as posterior, striking end is 2.5 cen - exponates, a working desk of Josif Pančić, a medical timetres. in the middle of the head, where a wooden doctor and naturalist who in 1853 became the first handle is inserted, there is a steel reinforcement in

Fig. 2. The Memorial room of Geology, Kamenička Str. 6 (left), has the three old hammers as a part of exhibited exponates (right).

62 Geol. an. Balk. poluos., 2021, 82 (1), 59–68 Witness of the history: A hundred years old the geological hammer of Jovan Žujović

Fig. 3. Geological hammer of Jovan ŽuJović from 1921. view of the hammer (a–b) and engraved inscriptions on both sides of the hammer head (c–j) and on head cover (k). The reinforced posterior part of handle (l) and small, metal patch with name of one of SGS member (m).

Geol. an. Balk. poluos., 2021, 82 (1), 59–68 63 LJUPkO RUNdIć

the form of a head cover that has engraved initials hammer meant in the early stages of the dAKeuvLeA - “JMŽ”, written in capital Cyrillic letters (Fig. 3k). The lopment of geology in europe. For example, S wooden handle is about 60 cm long, made of oak (1990) wrote that the famous naturalists of the wood (Fig. 3a, b; Fig. 4). The diameter of the handle second half of the 18th and the first half of the 19th is 2.2 centimetres. it is reinforced in the part to - century such as James Hutton MD (1726 –1797), wards the head with two metal strips 13.5 centime - Abraham Gottlob Werner (1748 –1817), William tres long and 1.5 centimetres wide. The posterior Smith (1769 –1839), Karl Alfred von Zittel (1839 – end is reinforced with a metal cylinder that has a 1904) viewed as “gentlemen with hammers”,A sKiumLAi - sharp pointed tip at the very end of the total length larly as a lot of medical geologists (see S , of 7.5 centimetres (Fig. 3l). Along the entire length 1990). When you break a part of the fresh rock with of the handle, on both sides, there are Cyrillic signa - a hammer, in addition to breaking the rock itself, tures of the SGS members. Many of them are impor - you can also learn a lot about the nature of the rock. tant personalities of Serbian science and geology of The rock pattern speaks of hardness and fragility, that time. it is especially important to point out the scratch, grain size, composition, dominant minerals, signatures of vladimir Laskarev, a well-known Rus - smAeLMll e(R sometimes taste), and even its chemistry sian and Serbian geologist (founder of the term (P , 2016). Paratethys, 1924) and a prominent member of the indeed, the geological hammer is the key tool of SGS (Fig. 4a). in addition to him, there are the names all times for the geologist. Without a geological of several other prominent members of SGS, profes - hammer the job cannot be done well. Modern and sors at the university of Belgrade and curators of world-renown one-piece steel geological hammers the Museum of Natural History in Belgrade (Sava made by eastwing Manufacturing Co. (uSA) have urošević, Svetolik Radovanović, Petar S. Pavlović, the pointed tip or chisel-edge. For shock reduction vladimir Petković – see Fig. 4b–d), Svetolik Stevano - the have a nylon-vinyl rubber grip that the reduces vić, Jelenko Mihailović, Dimitrije Antula) and Aleksa impact vibration up to 60 –70%. These tools have Stanojević, Branislav Petronijević, Milan T. Luković, great balance and are double tempered for additi - Marko Leko, Branko Dimitrijević, Jovan Tomić, Jovan onal strength. Mostly, they have 14 to 22 oz weight Dinić, Bor. T. Mladenović, Djordje Zloković, Petar St. (ca. 400 –625 gram). Pavlović, Sima Trajanović, Stevan Nikolić, Nikola Ra - Whatever, a primary role of the geological kić, Svetozar Zorić, Čedomir Petrović (Fig. 4e–j), a hCaomnmcleur sisi othnes same as during Žujović’s time. few more whose names are difficult to identify (? Si - ma Lozanić, ? Popović, ? Andrijašević, ? Marinković, etc. Finally, there are several names that are written extremely vaguely or poorly visible, and it is not possible to identify who they are. Near the head of The long and interesting geological history, as a hammer, next to the metal strip, there is a small, thin part of the overall natural, cultural and historical metal clasp with the name of A. i. ilić, a mining en - heritage of Serbia, has left numerous marks. Among gSionmeere. remarks them, there are extremely old and valuable collec - tions and exhibits that are kept with great reverence (e.g. Memorial Room of Geology). One such example is highlighted here and torn from the oblivion of the past. it is unbelievable, but such a simple tool like a The geological hammer of Academician Jovan geological hammer has played a primary role in ob - Žujović, the most prominent person in Serbian ge - taining geological data for centuries. Practically, it ology for over fifty years (1880–1936), testifies to represents a part of the LgeeMoulRogist’s body i.e. exten - the deep respect to the founder of the Serbian geo - 6s4ion of the hand as the K (2011) wrote. Nume - logical school. Our adGmeoirl. aatni. oBanlk f. oporl utohs.e, 2 m021e, m82b (1e),r 5s9 –o68f rous historical records testify to how much the the Society who gifted the hammer to Žujović, and Witness of the history: A hundred years old the geological hammer of Jovan Žujović

Fig. 4. The hammer handle with Cyrillic signatures of the SGS members. Together with ŽuJović , the prominent members such as vLadiMir LaSKarev , P. S. P avLović , S. u rošević , S. r adovanović , and v. P eTKović (a-d) were the leaders of the post-Great War generation of geologists in Serbia. other pictures (e-j) show some of the other SGS members’ signatures.

Geol. an. Balk. poluos., 2021, 82 (1), 59–68 65 LJUPkO RUNdIć

later left to younger generations to keep and com - Anniversary Memorial of SGS, 1891-1951]. Beograd, memorate is deserved. ALM15eR–54 (in Serbian). The geological hammers of that time did not differ P , D. 2016. Tools of the Trade: The Sedgwick Mu - much in form and method of production (two-pieces, seum’s Historical Collection of Geological Hammers. consisted of wooden handle and the steel head). university of Cambridge Museums & Botanic Garden, However, the Žujović’s hammer is specific by its in - uN4D9ić pp. iSBN 9780992727017. scription, message and the historical importance it R , Lj. 2010. Jovan ŽOuvjioć vić i rana istorija Srpskog ge - has. On both sides of the steel head it has engraved ološkog drustva. u: J , v. (ed.): JOvAN ŽuJOvić – Ži - dedication in Cyrillic letters and, on the wooden han - vot i delo. Naučni skup povodom 150 godina od ro đenja dle there are the signatures of all the members of SGS, i 70 godina od smrti J. Žujovića [Jovan Žujović andO tvhić e including the prominent names of european and Ser - early history of the Serbian Geological Society. in: J , bian geology, such as vladimir Laskarev. v. (ed.): JOvAN ŽuJOvić - Life and work. Scientific con - it is of great symbolism for this historical note to ference on 150 years since the birth and 70 years since Zapis - be published in this journal. Namely, the Geological the death of J. Žujović]. SANu, Odel. za matem., fiziku i nici Srpskog geološkog drustva za 2019 Annales of Balkan Peninsula journal was founded in uNgDeićonaJuke, CXXviii, 5: 69–77 (in Serbian). 1888 by Jovan Žujović. The author had the privilege R , L . 2020. Akademik Ljubomir Kleri ć (1844–1910) and real pleasure to “peek” into the rich treasury of [Academician Ljubomir Klerić (1844–1910)]. inHiGeo annual oAucrk mnoovwablleed ggeoelmogeicnalt sheritage. : 65–72 (in Ser - uNrbDieiać cno,r ed ngliTsehv AsNuOmvimć ary). R , Lj. & S , Z. 2017: 125 years of the Serbian Geological Society (1891-2016). , 49: 41–48, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, uSA

The author thanks the heads of the Department of Re - uN(Dwić ww.inhRiugBeioć .org ) AiSNSJANC 1028u-1D5AR33. TevANOvić gional Geology and the Department of Paleontology (uni - R , Lj., G , A., B , N., S , M., S , Z. versity of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology) for 2016. 125 godina Srpskog geološkog društva (1891– access to the Memorial Room of Geology (Kamenička Str. 2016) [125 years of the Serbian Geological Society].

6C, HBWelAgRrZaHdAeN)S . Special gratitudes go to the reviewers Dr. W. Srpsko geološko društvo, BeogradJ, o2u5r5n aplp o, fi SthBeN r 9o7y8a-l SARASSOvA (NHM of Denmark, Copenhagen) and Dr. e. AKu8SoL6A c-i8e6ty0 5o3f -M1e7d-6ic i(nine Serbian and english). T (BAS, Sofia) whose comments improved this S , A. 1990. Gentlemen of the hammer: British medi - pRaepfeer. rences cal geologists in the 19th century. Резиме , 83: 788–794.

Сведо к историје : сто година стар RuBić геолошки чекић Јована Жујовића G , A. 1996. Jovan Žujović – život i delo [Jovan Žujović - life and work]. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti, Život i delo srpskih naučnika, knj. 1: 293–316 (in Ser -

ARbMiaAnND). natueWre iS eiBeL eT AL H , S., L , J., F , C. . 2015. 3.3-million- Дуга и занимљива геолошка историја, као део Centaurus year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, укупног природног, културног и историјског LeKMeunR ya. 52: 310–315. наслеђа Србије, оставила је бројне трагове. Међу K , M. 2011. The Geologist’s Hammer – ‘Fossil’ Tool, њима су изузетно старе и вредне музејске и equipment, instrument and/or Badge? факултетске збирке и експонати који се чувају uKO5v3i/ć 2: 86 –101. са великим пијететом. Овде је истакнут један L , M. 1954 . Šezdeset godina rada Srpskog geoloskog такав пример и отргнут од заборОаввАан АпрошлуоЈОсвти . drustva [Sixty years of work of the Serbian Geological 66 ћА Геолошки чекић АGкeаolд. aеnм. Bиalкk.а p oЈluos., 202М1, .8 Ж2 (1), 59–68- Society]. Spomenica 60-godina SGD, 1891-1951[60th , највеће личности српске геологије дуже од Witness of the history: A hundred years old the geological hammer of Jovan Žujović

пола века (1880 –1936), сведочи o дубоком по- сали Жујовићу у част (Сл. 4а –ј). Многи од њих Паратетис штовању према оснивачу српске геолошке шко- били су важне личности српске науке и геоло - ле. Дивљење заслужују и чланови Српског геоло- гилјАеД тиоМгиаР А добАаС.К ПАРоесвеА бно је важно истаћи потпис шког друштва који су тај чекић даровали и в л , познатог руског и српског оставили млађим генерацијама да га са пијете - геолога (творца појма , 1924) и ис - том чувају као наше геонаслеђе. такнутог члана Друштва. Поред њега, ту су и Сто година сОтваАрн А чекићу ЈаОкваидћеА мика и профе - имена још неколико истакнутих чланова СГД, сора геологије Ј M. Ж , изграђен је из професора универзитета у Београду, кустоса два дела: челичне главе и дрвене дршке ојачане Природњачког музеја, управника Сеизмолошког на крају (Сл. 3а, б). Оба дела су специфична у заввеТоОдлаи, К држАДаОввнАинхО вгиећологеаТ АиР др. меАвђлуО квоијћ имаА свуА односу на друге сличне чекиће јер имају посебно СРОШевић Р лАДиМиР е, ТП КОвић С. вПеТОлиК Те, вС АнО написану посвету. на обе стране главе чекића вуић елен,К в О ихАилОПвић и,М С иТРиЈе нСТулА - Оснивачу српске гео - угравирани су ћирилични натписи писаним , Ј М и Д А . Од логије – Јовану М. Жујовићу – Захвални студен - словима (Сл. 3ц –ј). на једној страни, у централ - ослтеаКлСАих ТчАлнаОнЈеоввиаћ ДрРуАшнитСвлаА, в идељТРиОвниЈ есвуи пћ отпиилсАин : ти . 1880 ном делу главе, малим словима ћирилице, А уКОвСић АРКО , Б еКО РАнКО П иМиТРиЈеви,ћ М ОвАн исписано је у три реда: „ Т.О л Мић Ов, АМ н инлић , Б ОР ДлАДенОвић , Ј ОРЂе ТлОКОв,и Јћ иМАД РАЈАн, ОБ вић . Т.Т еМ вАн иКОлић , Ђ иКО 1921 “ Спреда је угравирано „ “ ( година лЗА АКић , С веТОЗТАР ОРић ,е СДОМиР неТРОвић , н - оснивања Катедре за минералогију и геологију Р , С З , Ч П . неко- Председнику – на великој школи у Београду, прим. аут.), а на лицини чланова СГД имеинМаА је ОтЗеАшнкиоћ распОПоОзвниаћ ти Српског геолошког друштва – Чланови другом крају главе пише „ .“ на другој страни и ниДдРиенЈАтШиефвиић коваАтРии н(К?О Свић л ,? П ,? 1891 главе чекића, у средини, истим ћириличним А ,? М итд.). Коначно, посто - словима, урезано је у три реда: „ ји неколико имена која су написана крајње 1921 “. на за д - ситно или нејасно те није могуће рећи о коме се њем делу главе, угравирано је: „ “ ( година ради. Близу главе чекића, поред металне траке, оснивања СГД, прим. аут.) а на предњем делу закуцана је мала, уска млеитћ ална копча са изгр а - главе где је сечиво тј. длето, исписано је: „ “. вираним именом А.и. и , рударски инжењер. Чекић је дугачак 60 центиметара и тежак око Скоро невероватно звучи да је тако једно - 800 грама. Дужина челичне главе је 12,5 центи - ставан алат попут чекића вековима играо при - метара, максимална висина главе јеу задњем, марну улогу у добијању геолошких података. ударном крају и износи 2,5 центиметра. Макси- Стога се заиста може рећи да геолошки чекић мална ширина главе (3,5 cm ) је у средини где има није само оруђе, већ и AнLMајeсR тарији основни ин - елиптични облик. Ширина длета главе као и зад - струмент у геологији ( P , 2016). Практичнпо ЈМЖ“ њег, ударног краја је 2,5 центиметара. на сре дини он представља део телаL гeеMоuлR ога, тј. продужетак главе, где је уметнута дрвена дршка, налази се шаке како је написала K (2011). Када чеки - челична, овална плочица у ф oрми по клопца главе ћем разбијете део свеже стене, поред ра збијања која има урезане иницијале „ , испи сане саме стене, можете много научити и о природи великим словима. Дрвена дршка дуга око 60 cm те стене. узорак стена говори о тврдо ћи, огребу, израђена је од храстовог дрвета. Про мер дршке величини зрна, саставу, доминан тним минера - је 2,2 центиметра. у делу према глави је ојачана лима, мирису (понекад и укALуMсуe,R нпр. код туфа), са две металне траке дужине 13,5 и ширине 1,5 па чак и његовој хемији ( P , 2016). Бројни центиметара. Задњи крај ојачан је металним историјски записи сведоче о томе колико је цилиндром који на самом крају има оштар ши- чекић значио AуK рuаLAним фазама развоја геоло гије. љати врх укупне дужине 7,5 центи метара. на пример, S (1990) наводи да су најпо - Са обе стране, по целој дужини дршке, а иду - знатије природњаци и геолози друге полоu вTиTнONе Gћeиo lо. aдn .к Bрalаk.ј pаo дluрosш., 2к0е21 п, 8р2е (1м), а59 г–л68 ави чекића, налазе се 18. и прве половиeнRеN e1R 9. века, попут Ј. H MiT6H 7 ћирилична имена чланова СГД који су се потпи - (1726–1797), A. W (1748–1817), W. S LJUPkO RUNdIć

vON iTTeL ОвАн уЈОвић (1769–1839), C. Z (1839–1904) и многи стрва је још 1888. године основао Ј Ж ). други тзв. „медицински геолози“ били права Аутор је имао привилегију и право задовољство Manuscript received June 07, 2021 „господа са чекићима“. да „завири“ у богату ризницу нашег покретног revised manuscript accepted June 26, 2021 велика је симболика што је ова исторОивјсАкнаА геолошког наслеђа. беу лЈеОш викћа А о 100 година старом чекићу Ј Ж написана и публикована баш у овом часопису (Геолошке анале Балканскога полуо -

68 Geol. an. Balk. poluos., 2021, 82 (1), 59–68