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MIHAILO Petrović Alas : the Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics / [Editor Žarko Mijajlović ; English Translation Vanja Savić, Daniela Nikolić]

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MIHAILO Petrović Alas : the Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics / [Editor Žarko Mijajlović ; English Translation Vanja Savić, Daniela Nikolić] Mihailo Petrović ALAS Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 143 PROGRAMMING COMMITTEE ENGLISH TRANSLATION for Celebrating the 150th Anniversary of the Birth Vanja SAVIĆ of Academician Mihailo PETROVIĆ ALAS Daniela NIKOLIĆ Vladimir KOSTIĆ, President Gradimir MILOVANOVIĆ, Co-president COVER DESIGN Stevan PILIPOVIĆ, Co-president Dragana LACMANOVIĆ Dragoš CVETKOVIĆ PHOTOGRAPHS FROM Miodrag MATELJEVIĆ SASA Archive Žarko MIJAJLOVIĆ Archive of Serbia Zoran OGNJANOVIĆ ADLIGAT PUBLISHED BY Elementary School “Mihailo Petrović Alas” SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS Library of SASA (SASA) University Library “Svetozar Marković” National Museum, Belgrade EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Virtual Library of the Faculty of Mathematics Dušan OTAŠEVIĆ Digital Legacy of Mihailo Petrović Alas EDITED BY TECHNICAL EDITOR Žarko MIJAJLOVIĆ Mirko MILIĆEVIĆ REVIEWED BY PRINTING Dragoš CVETKOVIĆ Službeni glasnik, Belgrade Milan DIMITRIJEVIĆ PRINT RUN ORIGINAL TITLE 250 copies Mihailo Petrović Alas – rodonačelnik srpske matematičke škole ISBN 978-86-7025-769-6 SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS Mihailo Petrović Alas The Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics BELGRADE 2018 EXHIBITION PRESENTED BY THIS EXHIBITION HAS BEEN ASSISTED BY GALLERY OF THE SERBIAN ACADEMY Archive of Serbia OF SCIENCES AND ARTS SASA Archive Library of SASA AUTHORS OF EXHIBITION Mathematical Institute of SASA Žarko MIJAJLOVIĆ Foundation “Mihailo Petrović Alas” Elementary school “Mihailo Petrović Alas” Marija ŠEGAN-RADONJIĆ Center for Museology and Heritology, Faculty Stevan MIĆIĆ of Philosophy, University of Belgrade Adligat Society CO-AUTHOR OF EXHIBITION Museum of Science and Technology Maja NOVAKOVIĆ University Library “Svetozar Marković” EXHITION DESIGN Arhimedia. Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Niš Stevan MIĆIĆ Museum of Natural History Boris MIĆIĆ Ethnographic Museum Ivan MARKOVIĆ Programming Archive of the Television Belgrade Archive of the Yugoslav Cinematheque EXPERT ASSOCIATES Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade ON EXHIBITION PRESENTATION Milutin Milanković Association Rada MALJKOVIĆ Heraldic Club Association Žaklina MARKOVIĆ Belgrade Institute for Textbooks Jelena MEŽINSKI MILOVANOVIĆ Dosije Studio Copy Planet TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION The family of Professor Dragan TRIFUNOVIĆ Milan JAZIĆ Jovan Hans IVANOVIĆ Saša MALKOV Goran VITOROVIĆ Biljana STOJANOVIĆ Saša RENDIĆ Mirjana MALJKOVIĆ Stojan PREDOVIĆ Miloš JURIŠEVIĆ Adam SOFRONIJEVIĆ Nikola KRSMANOVIĆ Slobodan SIMIĆ Ranko POPOVIĆ For their financial support, the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts extends its gratitude to Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Serbia Company Telekom Srbija 7 MIHAILO PETROVIĆ ALAS The Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics IN 2018, THE SERBIAN ACADEMY OF Sciences and Arts (SASA) and mathematicians in Serbia celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of academician Mihailo Petrović Alas, a great Serbian mathematician and one of the founders of the Serbi- an mathematical school. The academician Petrović was a distinguished professor of mathematics at the University of Belgrade, but also a fisherman, writer, philosopher, musician, world traveler and travel writer. He earned his doctoral degree at the Sorbonne in 1894, where his professors were illustrious French mathematicians Henri Poincaré, Charles Hermite and Charles Émile Picard. The same year, he returned to Belgrade, where he became professor at the Belgrade’s Grande école (Grand School – Velika škola), to which he brought the spirit of the French mathematical school. With Petrović’s return, Belgrade achieved parity with other major European centers in mathematical sciences. Petrovic achieved scientific results of world-class relevance in fields of differential equations, complex and numerical analysis, geometry of polynomials and mathematical phenomenology. He also invented several analog computing machines and was the main cryptographer of Serbian and Yugoslav Army. One of professor Petrović’s greatest and most important achievements was establishment of the Serbian mathematical school, which has produced a great number of renowned and successful mathematicians not only in Serbia but also around the world, who have continued Petrović’s mathematical work. Until the Second World War, all doctoral dissertations in mathematics defended at the University of Belgrade had been done with his mentorship. The exhibition entitled “Mihailo Petrović Alas” is dedicated to academician Petrović and is a part of marking this important anniversary in the his- tory of Serbian mathematics and science in Serbia. 9 MIHAILO PETROVIĆ ALAS The Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics Contents 11 | Žarko Mijajlović Biography 31 | Stevan Pilipović Academic Achievements 45 | Slobodan Vujošević Mihailo Petrović and the Philosophy of Science 51 | Mihajlo Pantić About Fishing and Literary Works of Mihailo Petrović Alas 63 | Dubravka Vučić Mika Alas, the Ichthyologist 69 | Ivana Živaljević The Influence of Mihailo Petrović Alas on Archeology 75 | Milan Božić Grand Travels 85 | Radomir S. Stanković Mihailo Petrović Alas’s Hydro Integrator 93 | Katica R. (Stevanović) Hedrih Patents 105 | Miodrag Mihaljević Mihailo Petrović Alas – Chief of Staff of State Cryptography between the Two World Wars 113 | Marija Dumnić Mihailo Petrović Alas and Music 119 | Maja Novaković Mihailo Petrović Alas in Audio-Visual Media 125 | Marija Šegan-Radonjić Archival Materials on Mihailo Petrović 131 | A Chronology of Important Events 1868–1943 (Edited by Ž. Mijajlović) 137 | Mathematical Genealogical Tree of Mihailo Petrović (Edited by Ž. Mijajlović) 145 | Bibliography (Compiled by Ž. Mijajlović) 149 | List of Exhibits and Labels (Exhibition “Mihailo Petrović Alas”, the SASA Gallery, May 15–June 22, 2018) MIHAILO PETROVIĆ ALAS 10 The Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics 11 MIHAILO PETROVIĆ ALAS The Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics BIOGRAPHY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CEN- tury, the groundworks were laid for the emergence of Serbian mathe- matics. Universally recognized as the most influential mathematicians of that time, Henri Poincaré and David Hilbert, introduced new mathe- matical concepts and new style of abstract mathematical thinking. New mathematical theories with multiple applications in technics and physics were emerging, and old theories were receiving novel grounding. Mi- hailo Petrović, Poincaré’s doctoral student, began his academic career armed with such knowledge and a European understanding of science and culture. As a young man, he was already well-formed as a mathema- tician and moreover, very productive academically. Tending to analysis, he already knew well the works of mathematicians of the French school in that area and in his works he was already discussing the most topical issues in the field of differential equations and theory of functions. Mihailo Petrović was born on April 23rd, 1868 O. S. (the Julian calendar) in Belgrade to a renowned family, his mother Milica and father Nikodim. Nikodim died as a young man, so Mihailo barely remembered his father. Mihailo’s grandfather on his mother’s side, archpriest Novica Lazarević, was in charge of taking care of Mihailo and his schooling. Mihailo enjoyed a very close relationship with his grandfather, as illustrated by preserved correspondence ex- changed with him. Mihailo completed the First Belgrade Gymnasium in 1885 and was already at that time showing an interest in mathematics, winning awards for unit papers and capturing the attention of his pro- fessors with his talent. He subsequently enrolled in the natural science section of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade. He graduated in 1889, and shortly afterwards went to Paris to receive further education and undertake advanced study of mathematics. Upon his arrival to Paris, he began to prepare for the entrance exam to the prestigious L’Ecole Normale Supérieure. Petrović passed the exam with the highest marks and began his studies at Sorbonne, Europe’s leading school of math- ematics. He first obtained a graduate degree in mathematics in 1892 Left: Mihailo Petrović (SASA Archive, 14188/15) MIHAILO PETROVIĆ ALAS 12 The Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics from Sorbonne and subsequently a graduate degree in physics in 1893. As the best student in his generation, he attended receptions given by the President of the French Republic in 1893 and 1894. At the same university, he went on to enroll in the doctoral program, and in 1894 he defended his doctoral dissertation, “On Zeros and Infi nities of the Inte- gral of Algebraic Differential Equations.” The commission was made up of the most distinguished professors and leading mathematicians of that time, Charles Hermite, Émille Picard and Paul Painlevé. The former two had been the dissertation co-supervisors, although Petrović’s results were closer to the academic field in which Painlevé worked. Advanced Pedagogical College, ENS (L’Ecole Normale Supérieure), Paris, 1885 13 MIHAILO PETROVIĆ ALAS The Founding Father of the Serbian School of Mathematics Petrović returned from Paris in 1894, at the exact time his former professor, Dimitrije Nešić, retired. He therefore applied for the vacancy to become a professor at the University. Anoth- er application was submitted by Petar Vukićević, a slightly older fellow student at the Faculty of Philosophy. Petrović was chosen for
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