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Design and Futures DESIGN AND FUTURES EDITED BY STUART CANDY AND CHER POTTER Tamkang University Press Taipei Published by Tamkang University Press Graduate Institute of Futures Studies, Tamsui, Taipei, Taiwan 251 Editors’ Note: This is a single-volume compilation and reissue of the two publications listed below. Contents, pagination and referencing are unchanged. Design and Futures, Volume I Journal of Futures Studies, 23(3), March 2019 Design and Futures, Volume II Journal of Futures Studies, 23(4), June 2019 The Journal of Futures Studies is a globally-oriented, transdisciplinary refereed journal. Its mission is to develop high-quality, futures-oriented research and thinking, based on the evolving knowledge base of Futures Studies / Foresight. All contributions © 2019 the authors This compilation and layout v1.1, December 2019 jfsdigital.org ISBN 978-1-70999-008-3 CONTENTS DESIGN AND FUTURES, Volume I Editors’ Introduction (Vol. I) Stuart Candy and Cher Potter . 1 ARTICLES Turning Foresight Inside Out: An Introduction to Ethnographic Experiential Futures Stuart Candy and Kelly Kornet . 3 Politics of Designing Visions of the Future Ramia Mazé. 23 Crafting Spaces Between Design and Futures: The Case of the Agbogbloshie Makerspace Platform Cher Potter, DK Osseo-Asare, and Mugendi K. M’Rithaa . 39 Strategic Foresight Studio: A First-Hand Account of an Experiential Futures Course Jake Dunagan, Alida Draudt, JJ Hadley, Ryan Hogan, Leticia Murray, Gregory Stock, and Julia Rose West . 57 Designing Futures From the Inside Anne Burdick . 75 ESSAYS AND INTERVIEWS How the Future Happens James Auger and Julian Hanna . 93 Critical Activism Anab Jain and Stuart Candy. 99 Storytelling Shapes the Future Alex McDowell. 105 I Design Worlds Liam Young and Stuart Candy .. 113 Anticipating Future System States Jamer Hunt .. 119 A Manifesto for Decolonising Design Decolonising Design Collective: Danah Abdulla, Ahmed Ansari, Ece Canlı, Mahmoud Keshavarz, Matthew Kiem, Pedro Oliveira, Luiza Prado, and Tristan Schultz . 129 DESIGN AND FUTURES, Volume II Editors’ Introduction (Vol. II) Stuart Candy and Cher Potter . 1 ARTICLES Destinations for Polyamorous Futures and Their MAD Lovers Maya van Leemput .. 3 Worldbuilding in Science Fiction, Foresight and Design Leah Zaidi . 15 SPACECRAFT: A Southern Interventionist Art Project Ralph Borland .. 27 Are We (Really) Designing Futures? The Design of Tomorrow Program at CENTRO Karla Paniagua .. 37 A Futures-Design-Process Model for Participatory Futures Stefanie A. Ollenburg . 51 Imagining 2060: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of University Students’ Perspectives Jeanne Hoffman . 63 Transforming Environmental Values for a Younger Generation in Taiwan: A Participatory Action Approach to Curriculum Design Kuo-Hua Chen .. 79 ESSAYS AND INTERVIEWS You Never Know How the Past Will Turn Out Timothy Morton .. 97 Design in the Future Paola Antonelli and Cher Potter . 101 Making Things Physical Maja Kuzmanovic, Tina Auer, Nik Gaffney, and Tim Boykett . 105 Napkin Futures: Fragments of Future Worlds Nik Baerten . 117 Change the Model Dan Hill and Stuart Candy . 123 What If There Were More Policy Futures Studios? Lucy Kimbell .. 129 Your Move: Lessons Learned at the Interstices of Design, Gaming, and Futures Aaron Rosa and John A. Sweeney . 137 Using the Future at NASA David Delgado and Stuart Candy . 143 Post-Island Futures: Designing for Uncertainty in a Changing Climate Lizzie Yarina . 149 Starting at the End: A Journey in Time Tony Fry . 159 DESIGN AND FUTURES Volume I DOI:10.6531/JFS.201903_23(3).0001 INTRODUCTION .1 Introduction to the Special Issue: Design and Futures (Vol. I) Stuart Candy Carnegie Mellon University USA Cher Potter University of the Arts London Victoria and Albert Museum UK As Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon famously observed: “Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones” (Simon, 1996). Designers and futurists, it turns out, have a great deal in common. This mutual recognition is reaching critical mass as each comes to appreciate how their respective traditions have much to offer to making urgent change in the world, and even more so, together. It is increasingly acknowledged within the futures studies community that operating with a largely verbal and theoretical bent over the past half century has afforded too little impact on actual future-shaping behaviours. Meanwhile, those in the design community recognise a need to interrogate higher-level consequences – the futures, the worlds – that their products, systems and other outputs help produce. Part of what bringing design and futures into sustained dialogue does is to allow each field to become more fluent in a second language which is the other’s native tongue. How may designers systematically map out preferred futures, and what frameworks might futures studies furnish to help them? Conversely, how might futures scholars and practitioners adopt designerly modes of exploration, working more materially, visually and performatively to instantiate and illuminate possibilities? ‘Design and futures’ together offer ecosystemic and embodied approaches to shaping our collective prospects, informed by a diverse range of practices. We are excited to have been working with the Journal of Futures Studies over several years to bring readers a special double issue dedicated to ‘Design and Futures’. In this first issue, Vol. I, we have five peer-reviewed articles: Stuart Candy and Kelly Kornet introduce a new framework engaging communities and individuals in tangible forms of speculation. Ramia Mazé argues for the significance of how political dimensions suffuse futures thought. Cher Potter, DK Osseo-Asare and Mugendi M’Rithaa analyse the worldviews embedded in a makerspace platform in Accra, Ghana. Jake Dunagan offers an account of teaching experiential futures, written in collaboration with a whole class of graduate students. Anne Burdick shows how a multilayered experiment around developing a storyworld, characters, prototypes, and plot, delineates a rich design space scaffolded by a simultaneously narrative, conceptual, and material brief. Powerful shorter contributions by speculative designers James Auger and Julian Hanna, design futurist Anab Jain, Hollywood worldbuilder Alex McDowell, architect Liam Young, design scholar Jamer Hunt, and Journal of Futures Studies, March 2019, 23(3): 1–2 Journal of Futures Studies the geographically-distributed Decolonising Design Collective round out a remarkable first cross- sectional scan of design and futures perspectives. In the next issue, Vol. II, curators, strategic designers, policymakers, and philosophers join the conversation. As guest editors of this special edition, we wish to thank all authors who submitted articles and essays, and also the peer reviewers who so generously gave their time. Our own practices originate in futures and design studies respectively, but we have both been actively ‘hybridising’ for a while now. In promoting such entanglements more widely, we aim to offer readers across both communities, and well beyond, insight into how disparate perspectives and tools, in combination, can challenge, remix, and strengthen each other, as well as open on to further exchange. Of the immensely exciting community weaving that is underway where futures and design meet, these pages represent just some initial strands. We foresee many more to come. Correspondence Stuart Candy Carnegie Mellon University USA E-mail: [email protected] Cher Potter University of the Arts London Victoria and Albert Museum UK E-mail: [email protected] References Simon, H. A. (1996) [f.p. 1969]. The Sciences of the Artificial (3rd ed.) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, p. 111. 2 DOI:10.6531/JFS.201903_23(3).0002 ARTICLE .3 Turning Foresight Inside Out: An Introduction to Ethnographic Experiential Futures Stuart Candy Carnegie Mellon University USA Kelly Kornet Kalypso Canada Abstract This article contributes to emerging hybrid design/futures practices by offering an orienting framework making images of the future more legible and concrete. The Ethnographic Experiential Futures (EXF) Cycle provides, prac- tically, a way of inviting engagement with diverse participants, and methodologically, a generic process drawing on two traditions of foresight (ethnographic and experiential futures), with a view to promoting a more diverse and deep- er array of scenarios for public consideration. The structure of the EXF Cycle is derived from hybrid efforts carried out by design/futures practitioners over some years, abstracted as scaffolding to serve future projects in a wide range of contexts. Keywords: Action Research, Design Fiction, Ethnography, Experiential Futures, Integral Futures, Intermediary Knowledge, Scenarios, Speculative Design. “The image must frst be received before it can be broadcast.” Frederik L. Polak, The Image of the Future. “The future is inside us / It’s not somewhere else.” Radiohead, “The Numbers”. Introduction Just south of Sarnia, Ontario (pop. 70,000), the largest city on Lake Huron, is a place called Chemical Valley. It is home to forty per cent of the petrochemical industry for the whole of Canada (Vice, 2013) –– a nation of 35 million –– and also to the worst air quality in the country (MacDonald & Rang, 2007). The areas Journal of Futures Studies, March 2019, 23(3): 3–22 Journal of Futures Studies adjacent to such industrial hotspots, called “sacrifice zones” or “fence-line communities” (Bullard, 2005, p. 85), are typically populated by less politically influential groups;
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