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A Statistical Analysis of Mountaineering in the Nepal Himalaya
The Himalaya by the Numbers A Statistical Analysis of Mountaineering in the Nepal Himalaya Richard Salisbury Elizabeth Hawley September 2007 Cover Photo: Annapurna South Face at sunrise (Richard Salisbury) © Copyright 2007 by Richard Salisbury and Elizabeth Hawley No portion of this book may be reproduced and/or redistributed without the written permission of the authors. 2 Contents Introduction . .5 Analysis of Climbing Activity . 9 Yearly Activity . 9 Regional Activity . .18 Seasonal Activity . .25 Activity by Age and Gender . 33 Activity by Citizenship . 33 Team Composition . 34 Expedition Results . 36 Ascent Analysis . 41 Ascents by Altitude Range . .41 Popular Peaks by Altitude Range . .43 Ascents by Climbing Season . .46 Ascents by Expedition Years . .50 Ascents by Age Groups . 55 Ascents by Citizenship . 60 Ascents by Gender . 62 Ascents by Team Composition . 66 Average Expedition Duration and Days to Summit . .70 Oxygen and the 8000ers . .76 Death Analysis . 81 Deaths by Peak Altitude Ranges . 81 Deaths on Popular Peaks . 84 Deadliest Peaks for Members . 86 Deadliest Peaks for Hired Personnel . 89 Deaths by Geographical Regions . .92 Deaths by Climbing Season . 93 Altitudes of Death . 96 Causes of Death . 97 Avalanche Deaths . 102 Deaths by Falling . 110 Deaths by Physiological Causes . .116 Deaths by Age Groups . 118 Deaths by Expedition Years . .120 Deaths by Citizenship . 121 Deaths by Gender . 123 Deaths by Team Composition . .125 Major Accidents . .129 Appendix A: Peak Summary . .135 Appendix B: Supplemental Charts and Tables . .147 3 4 Introduction The Himalayan Database, published by the American Alpine Club in 2004, is a compilation of records for all expeditions that have climbed in the Nepal Himalaya. -
Kolonialität Und Geschlecht Im 20. Jahrhundert
Patricia Purtschert Kolonialität und Geschlecht im 20. Jahrhundert Postcolonial Studies | Band 33 Patricia Purtschert ist Philosophin und Kulturwissenschaftlerin sowie Co-Lei- terin des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Geschlechterforschung an der Uni- versität Bern. Patricia Purtschert Kolonialität und Geschlecht im 20. Jahrhundert Eine Geschichte der weißen Schweiz Publiziert mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förde- rung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut- schen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommerci- al-NoDerivs 4.0 Lizenz (BY-NC-ND). Diese Lizenz erlaubt die private Nutzung, gestat- tet aber keine Bearbeitung und keine kommerzielle Nutzung. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Um Genehmigungen für Adaptionen, Übersetzungen, Derivate oder Wiederverwen- dung zu kommerziellen Zwecken einzuholen, wenden Sie sich bitte an rights@tran- script-verlag.de Die Bedingungen der Creative-Commons-Lizenz gelten nur für Originalmaterial. Die Wiederverwendung von Material aus anderen Quellen (gekennzeichnet mit Quellen- angabe) wie z.B. Schaubilder, Abbildungen, Fotos und Textauszüge erfordert ggf. wei- tere Nutzungsgenehmigungen durch den jeweiligen Rechteinhaber. © 2019 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld Umschlaggestaltung: Maria Arndt, Bielefeld Umschlagabbildung: Bild 1: Werbung für Lux-Seife (Ausschnitt), Quelle: Schweizer Illustrierte Zeitung 1932(7); Bild 2: Bergsteiger Peter Diener, Quelle: Titelbild Schweizer Illustrierte Zeitung 1960(26) Lektorat: Petra Schäfter, textetage Satz: Justine Buri, Bielefeld Druck: Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH, Wetzlar Print-ISBN 978-3-8376-4410-4 PDF-ISBN 978-3-8394-4410-8 https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839444108 Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem Papier mit chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff. -
476 the AMERICAN ALPINE JOURNAL Glaciers That Our Access Was Finally Made Through the Mountain Rampart
476 THE AMERICAN ALPINE JOURNAL glaciers that our access was finally made through the mountain rampart. One group operated there and climbed some of the high-grade towers by stylish and demanding routes, while the other group climbed from a hid- den loch, ringed by attractive peaks, north of the valley and intermingled with the mountains visited by the 1971 St. Andrews expedition (A.A.J., 1972. 18: 1, p. 156). At the halfway stage we regrouped for new objec- tives in the side valleys close to Base Camp, while for the final efforts we placed another party by canoe amongst the most easterly of the smooth and sheer pinnacles of the “Land of the Towers,” while another canoe party voyaged east to climb on the islands of Pamiagdluk and Quvernit. Weather conditions were excellent throughout the summer: most climbs were done on windless and sunny days and bivouacs were seldom contem- plated by the parties abseiling down in the night gloom. Two mountains may illustrate the nature of the routes: Angiartarfik (1845 meters or 6053 feet; Grade III), a complex massive peak above Base Camp, was ascended by front-pointing in crampons up 2300 feet of frozen high-angled snow and then descended on the same slope in soft thawing slush: this, the easiest route on the peak, became impracticable by mid-July when the snow melted off to expose a crevassed slope of green ice; Twin Pillars of Pamiagdluk (1373 meters or 4505 feet; Grade V), a welded pair of abrupt pinnacles comprising the highest peak on this island, was climbed in a three-day sortie by traversing on to its steep slabby east wall and following a thin 300-metre line to the summit crest. -
Harvard Mountaineering 3
HARVARD MOUNTAINEERING 1931·1932 THE HARVARD MOUNTAINEERING CLUB CAMBRIDGE, MASS. ~I I ' HARVARD MOUNTAINEERING 1931-1932 THE HARVARD MOUNTAINEERING CLUB CAMBRIDGE, MASS . THE ASCENT OF MOUNT FAIRWEATHER by ALLEN CARPE We were returning from the expedition to Mount Logan in 1925. Homeward bound, our ship throbbed lazily across the Gulf of Alaska toward Cape Spencer. Between reefs of low fog we saw the frozen monolith of St. Elias, rising as it were sheer out of the water, its foothills and the plain of the Malaspina Glacier hidden behind the visible sphere of the sea. Clouds shrouded the heights of the Fairweather Range as we entered Icy Strait and touched at Port Althorp for a cargo of salmon; but I felt then the challenge of this peak which was now perhaps the outstanding un climbed mOUlitain in America, lower but steeper than St. Elias, and standing closer to tidewater than any other summit of comparable height in the world. Dr. William Sargent Ladd proved a kindred spirit, and in the early summer of 1926 We two, with Andrew Taylor, made an attempt on the mountain. Favored by exceptional weather, we reached a height of 9,000 feet but turned back Photo by Bradford Washburn when a great cleft intervened between the but tresses we had climbed and the northwest ridge Mount Fairweather from the Coast Range at 2000 feet of the peak. Our base was Lituya Bay, a beau (Arrows mark 5000 and 9000-foot camps) tiful harbor twenty miles below Cape Fair- s camp at the base of the south face of Mount Fair weather; we were able to land near the foot of the r weather, at 5,000 feet. -
Koloniale Kämpfe Am Himalaya
234 Kolonialität und Geschlecht im 20. Jahrhundert in französische Netzwerke integriert war, macht ihn zu einem Schweizer, der im internationalen Kontext bestehen kann.153 Daher ist es kein Zufall, dass die Geschichte des marokkanischen Gutshofs die Berichterstattung zu jener Verhandlung rahmt, welche die Everest-Expedition von 1952 de- finitiv zu einer ›Schweizerischen‹ Unternehmung machen sollte: Unter dem Titel »Die Verantwortung für die Führung ist unteilbar« berichtet der Artikel vom Beschluss der Schweizer, nach erfolglosen Verhandlun- gen mit britischen Partnern über eine gemeinsame Unternehmung die Expedition im Alleingang durchzuführen – eine Entscheidung, von der gleich noch die Rede sein wird. KOLONIALE KÄMPFE AM HIMALAYA Weltweit gibt es 14 Berggipfel, die über 8.000 Meter hoch sind. Sie alle lie- gen im Himalayagebirge. Im Jahre 1950 erreichte eine französische Expe- dition erstmals den Gipfel eines Achttausenders, der Annapurna. 14 Jahre später fand mit der Besteigung des Shishapangma im Jahre 1964 durch eine chinesische Expedition das Wettrennen um die Erstbesteigung der höchsten Gipfel der Welt seinen Abschluss. Dazwischen liegt das, was man in Anlehnung an das ›Goldene Zeitalter des Alpinismus‹ hundert Jahre zuvor das ›Goldene Zeitalter des Himalaya-Bergsteigens‹ nennen könnte. Schweizer Expeditionen gelang es, zwei der 14 Achttausender- Gipfel als erste zu erreichen: den Lhotse im Jahre 1956 und den Dhaulagi- ri im Jahre 1960. Die Aufbruchsstimmung dieser Jahre und die symboli- sche Bedeutung des Bergsteigens lässt sich unschwer daran ablesen, dass der höchste Berg der Welt, der Mount Everest, als ›dritter Pol‹ bezeichnet wurde.154 Diese Bezeichnung nimmt Bezug auf die Bedeutung der Arktis und Antarktis, die seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts als die größten verblie- benen unentdeckten Räume auf der Landkarte gegolten hatten.155 153 | Auf den Versuch, Wyss-Dunant als Bestandteil einer kosmopolitischen Gesellschaft darzustellen, deutet auch die Autorschaft des Berichts hin: Er wurde vom bekannten Fotografen und Reisereporter Paul Almásy verfasst. -
Forbes.Com - Magazine Article
Forbes.com - Magazine Article http://www.forbes.com/global/2003/1027/026_print.html Companies & Strategies Joann Muller, 10.27.03 Disney's 4-D technology aims to take the adventure out of building roller coasters. Get this: In the middle of sun-drenched Orlando, Fla. the Walt Disney Co. is erecting a 60-meter-high replica of snow-covered Mount Everest. It's a showcase attraction scheduled to open in 2006 at Disney's Animal Kingdom theme park. The premise: Visitors board an old mountain railway headed to the foot of Mount Everest. As the train climbs higher into "the Himalayas," it passes thick bamboo forests, thundering waterfalls and shimmering glacier fields. But the track ends unexpectedly in a gnarled mass of twisted metal. Suddenly the train begins racing forward and backward through caverns and icy canyons until riders come face to face with a giant hairy creature--the mythical yeti. It's enough to scare the wits out of Don W. Goodman, who has the job of ensuring that the $100 million roller coaster is finished on time--and on budget. It is a logistical nightmare: Hundreds of workers from independent contractors must simultaneously build the roller coaster and the mountain that contains it. They will erect 1,200 tons of steel and install one and a half hectares of rockwork. Goodman, president of Disney's Imagineering research lab, compares it to assembling a 3-D puzzle. It is difficult to anticipate the conflicts that will arise, say, between workers installing faux rock formations and crane operators erecting steel tracks. -
The Ascent of Mt. St. Agnes, Chugach Range, Alaska 207
THE ASCENT OF MT. ST. AGNES, CHUGACH RANGE, ALASKA 207 THE ASCENT OF MT. ST. AGNES, CHUGACH RANGE, ALASKA BY BRADFORD WASHBURN DRING the months of May and June 1938 a small expedition was sent out by the Institute of Geographical Exploration of Harvard University to make a thorough reconnaissance of the Chugach mountains in the Alaska Coast . Range, and to attempt the ascent of Mt. St. Agnes (13,250 ft.), the highest peak in the group. The Chugaches are geologically a western prolongation of the St. Elias Range, much in the same way as the Fairweather Range is a southern offshoot of this massif. Sweeping in a jagged arc about the head of Prince William Sound, this rugged little range of mountains enjoys probably the most constantly diabolical weather on the entire North American Continent. An almost unbroken series of S.E. and S.W. storms, finding their origin in the Bering Sea area, deluges Prince William Sound with an annual rainfall of over 200 ins. This rainfall, converted into snow on the upper reaches of the Chugach Range, has resulted in one of the wildest and most rugged glacier systems in the world. On the S. or seaward side of the range, where this precipitation is heaviest, only a score of truly clear days occurs during the course of an entire year. On this side the mountains are particularly jagged on account of the heavy frost action due to the variable climate. The rock is dominantly schistose. In many cases its beds stand directly on end and, except under extraordinary conditions of drought, every platform and cranny in these great southerly cliffs is buried deep in fresh snow, or plastered with ice. -
1934 the MOUNTAINEERS Incorpora.Ted T�E MOUNTAINEER VOLUME TWENTY-SEVEN Number One
THE MOUNTAINEER VOLUME TWENTY -SEVEN Nom1-0ae Deceml.er, 19.34 GOING TO GLACIER PUBLISHED BY THE MOUNTAIN�ER.S INCOaPOllATBD SEATTLI: WASHINGTON. _,. Copyright 1934 THE MOUNTAINEERS Incorpora.ted T�e MOUNTAINEER VOLUME TWENTY-SEVEN Number One December, 1934 GOING TO GLACIER 7 •Organized 1906 Incorporated 1913 EDITORIAL BOARD, 1934 Phyllis Young Katharine A. Anderson C. F. Todd Marjorie Gregg Arthur R. Winder Subscription Price, $2.00 a Year Annual (only) Seventy-five Cents Published by THE MOUNTAINEERS Incorporated Seattle, Washington Entered as second class matter, December 15, 1920, at the Postofflce at Seattle, Washington, under the Act of March 3, 1879. TABLE OF CONTENTS Greeting ........................................................................Henr y S. Han, Jr. North Face of Mount Rainier ................................................ Wolf Baiter 3 r Going to Glacier, Illustrated ............... -.................... .Har iet K. Walker 6 Members of the 1934 Summer Outing........................................................ 8 The Lake Chelan Region ............. .N. W. <J1·igg and Arthiir R. Winder 11 Map and Illustration The Climb of Foraker, Illitstrated.................................... <J. S. Houston 17 Ascent of Spire Peak ............................................... -.. .Kenneth Chapman 18 Paradise to White River Camp on Skis .......................... Otto P. Strizek 20 Glacier Recession Studies ................................................H. Strandberg 22 The Mounta,ineer Climbers................................................ -
Illustrations
Illustrations Plates (following page 52) 1. Parts of the St. Elias Range and Malaspina Glacier. 2. Hubbard Glacier entering Disenchantment Bay, Yakutat Bay area. 3. Mount Crillon (12,726 feet) and Brady Glacier. 4. Mount Crillon (12,726 feet) viewed across Johns Hopkins Inlet. 5. Nunatak Fiord, Yakutat Bay. 6. Part of the Chugach Range, including Mount Witherspoon (12,023 feet). 7. Perspective diagram of Upper Cook Inlet area showing setting of Anchorage. 8. Mount Sanford and the Wrangell Mountains. 9. Sourdough Peak in the southern foothills of the Wrangell Mountains. 10. Cliffs of Triassic limestone in the southeastern Wrangell Mountains. 11. Mount McKinley from the northeast. xii Illustrations 12. Part of the Alaska Range, including Mount McKinley. 13. Eocene coals and sandstones on Lignite Creek, near Healy. 14. Recessional moraines on the north side of Iliamna volcano. 15. Caldera of Katmai volcano. 16. Head of the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. 17. Dacite dome on the south flank of Trident volcano. 18. Shishaldin volcano, Unimak Island. 19. Placer gold mining near Fairbanks. 20. Typical upland terrain, northern Seward Peninsula. 21. Mount Doonerak from Amawk Mountain, Brooks Range. 22. Highest part of the Brooks Range. 23. Polygonal ground and thaw lakes near Skull Cliff, southwest of Barrow. Maps facing page 1. Physiographic provinces of Alaska. 4 2. Southeastern Alaska. 12 3. Gulf of Alaska area, Wrangell Mountains, Copper River plateau, Talkeetna Mountains, Cook Inlet and Susitna lowland, and Alaska Range. 20 4. Alaska Peninsula-Aleutian Islands. 68 5. Lowlands and plains of interior and western Alaska; interior high- lands of western and eastern Alaska; Seward Peninsula. -
Peverest Base Camp Trek
Ultimate Island peak PeveRest Base Camp Trek A trekking & climbing experience that blows the mind! Your go to trekking experts for Nepal, Everest and all the adventures inbetween. What's inside? Why trek with EverTrek? 3 Route map 4 Trip overview 5 What’s included 6 Experience needed 7 Your itinerary 8 Equipment list 18 Extend your adventure 22 2 ultimate island peak & eveRest base camptrek 21 days Nepal Trip Duration - 21 Days Accommodation - 15 nights lodge, 2 nights tent, 3 nights hotel Tour Detail - 18 days trekking Max altitude - 6189m (20,305ft) IntroductioN High in the Khumbu region of Nepal, close to Mt Everest and closer still to the steep south face of Mt Lhotse, the aptly named Island Peak (6189m) rises above the glaciated valleys below. With its outrageous location and challenging summit ridge, this peak has been a favourite with our guides, leaders, and clients for a number of years. Ultimate Island Peak and Everest Base Camp Expedition is the ultimate experience in the Everest region for any one looking to attempt a Himalayan peak for the first time. You will not only climb Island Peak at 6189m (20,305ft) but also reach the historic Everest Base Camp (5364m) whilst also climbing 2 of the high passes of Cho La (5,420m) and Kongma La (5,535m) along with the sunrise hike to Kala Patthar (5,545m). One heck of an adventure! 3 clockwise route map of ultimate island peak and eveRest base camp 4 trip overview Trekking via Namche Bazaar we follow the route to Everest Base Camp via the Gokyo valley and Cho La Pass route and into Lobuche beside the Khumbuglacier. -
Log in at Explorermag.Org
TEACHER'S GUIDE NATGEO.ORG/EXPLORERMAG | VOL. 19 NO. 3 Pathfinder and Adventurer ’ C H O I C S S R E M E A H W C A A R E D Vol. 19 No. 3 T FOR THE CLASSROOM L E 2019 E A I N R Z N I A N G ® M A G IN THIS GUIDE: About the Learning Framework ���������2 Language Arts Lesson and Think Sheet������������������3–7 Expedition Everest Science Lesson and BLM ����������������8–9 Escape on the Pearl Social Studies Lesson and BLM ��10–11 en times during ember– , 1145 17th er: River of Ice x 291875, Science Lesson and BLM ������������ 12-13 age paid at EVEREST2 es. The Pearl 8 Article Tests �������������������������������� 14-16 Glaciers 16 Answer Key ������������������������������������17w Educational consultant Stephanie Harvey has helped shape the instructional vision for this Teacher's Guide. Her goal is to ensure you have the tools you need to enhance student understanding and engagement with nonfiction text. AD NOVDEC 2019 draft 6.indd 1 9/12/19 3:53 PM Lexile® Framework Levels Standards Supported Pathfinder • Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Expedition Everest ............................................ 710 • Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Escape on the Pearl .......................................... 730 • C3 Framework for Social Studies State Standards (C3) River of Ice ........................................................ 690 See each lesson for the specific standard covered. Adventurer Expedition Everest ............................................ 920 Escape on the Pearl .......................................... 850 Looking for a fun way to test your student's River of Ice ........................................................ 800 recall? Each story in this issue of Explorer has an accompanying Kahoot! quiz. Log in at ExplorerMag.org • Interactive Digital Magazine with videos and activities to access additional resources including: • Projectable PDF for one-to-one instruction National Geographic Explorer, Pathfinder/Adventurer Page 1 Vol. -
Pdf-A Deskargagarri
SoS HIMAHIMA LAYALAYA r ELATo S S o LIDAr I o S Felipe Uriarte Chus Lago Gregorio Ariz Mikel Zabalza Silvia Vidal Alex Txikon Jordi Corominas Jordi Tosas Juanito Oiarzabal Alberto Iñurrategi Juanra Madariaga Kike de Pablo Nives Meroi Ramón Portilla Julio Villar Josep M. Anglada Josu Bereziartua Koldo Aldaz Iker Pou Edurne Pasaban Óscar Gogorza Jordi Pons Eneko Pou Carlos Suarez María Climent Òscar Cadiach Juanjo San Sebastián Araceli Segarra Xavier Arias Sebastián Álvaro Carlos Pauner Kilian Jornet Índice PRESENTACIÓN por Juan Manuel Sotillos ................................................................... 6 LA IMPORTANCIA DE LOS PROYECTOS SOLIDARIOS CON NEPAL por Sherpa Pasang ..................................................................................... 8 EL LEGADO DE IÑAKI EN LA VIDA DE UN SHERPA Y MUCHO MÁS por Mingma Dorjee Sherpa ........................................................ 10 PROYECTO DE HOSPITAL EN MAKALU ......................................................................................................................................... 14 RELATOS .......................................................................................................................................20 SHERPA por Felipe Uriarte ....................................................................................20 IMAGEN por Silvia Vidal ...........................................................................................30 ALPINISMO EN TIERRAS DEL ISLAM por Kiko Betelu .........................................................................................