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1 AP Environmental Science Unit: Population 1. in the Real World AP Environmental Science Unit: Population Exam III: Chapter 6 (Population Biology) & Chapter 7(Human Population) 1. In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. Yet, a "superfly" with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth? A. Carrying capacity geometric increase B. Irruptive growth C. Exponential growth D. Logistic growth E. Malthusian growth 2. A population growing at 1 percent per year should double in about ___ years. A. 30 B. 70 C. 10 D. 2 E. 0.7 3. Carrying capacity is the population A. That an environment can support in an optimal year B. Of a species that an environment can support on a long-term basis C. That remains after a catastrophic dieback has occurred D. Of a species without limiting factors E. Of a species without predators 4. In the real world, population explosion is usually followed by A. Continuous high population levels B. A gradual decrease in population as food supplies dwindle C. A tremendous increase in genetic diversity D. A gradual increase in population due to the availability of mates E. A population crash 5. A dieback or population crash, often occurs after a species ________ its environmental carrying capacity. A. Meets B. Undershoots C. Overshoots D. Oscillates around E. Decreases 1 6. An island has formed off the coast of the Pacific Northwest. The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has determined that there is enough land area for a herd of 100 elk, yet they say the carrying capacity is only 60 elk. This inequality can best be explained by the fact that the A. DNR is probably being careful not to overestimate B. DNR must have added up the environmental resistance incorrectly C. Elk population will probably fluctuate between 60 and 100 animals D. Physical factor of space is only one of the determiners for population size in a community E. Law of limiting factors determines the maximum growth rate for a given population 7. Logistic growth rates are those in which a population A. Grows very slowly when conditions are good and when conditions are not optimal B. Grows rapidly when conditions are good, then slows as it approaches carrying capacity C. Overshoots and dies back repeatedly D. Remains significantly below carrying capacity E. Grows at a constant rate of increase per unit time 8. The horizontal line on a population oscillation graph represents A. Fecundity B. Biotic potential C. Predator populations D. Arithmetic growth E. Carrying capacity 9. Which of the following organisms has the highest biotic potential? A. Dogs B. Elephants C. Oak trees D. Humans E. Lions 10. Widespread starvation is an example of _________ population control. A. Predator-caused B. Biotic C. Density-dependent D. Density-independent E. Abiotic 11. You are studying an organism that is a pioneer species is an opportunist and does not care for its offspring. This organism probably has a _________________ population growth strategy. A. k-adapted B. r-adapted C. Irregular D. Catastrophic E. R-adapted and irregular 2 12. You are studying an organism that is fairly large, matures slowly, lives fairly long and cares for its offspring. This organism probably has a _________________ population growth strategy. A. K-adapted B. R-adapted C. Irregular D. Catastrophic E. R-adapted and irregular 13. Density-independent population control factors cause mortality A. When the population becomes too large B. When the density becomes too high C. When the population becomes too small D. When the density becomes too low E. Regardless of population size 14. The term "fecundity" refers to an organism's ____________ while fertility is ______________. A. Physical ability to reproduce; actual number of offspring produced B. Actual number of offspring produced; physical ability to reproduce C. Average life span; physical ability to reproduce D. Replacement level of reproduction; actual number of offspring produced E. Physical ability to reproduce; replacement level of reproduction 15. Based on the graph, the average ______________ of people in the United States is around 80 years. A. Survivorship B. Mortality C. Fecundity D. Life span E. Life expectancy 16. The longest period of life that a given type of organism can reach is known as A. Survivorship B. Life span C. Life expectancy D. Mortality E. Fecundity 17. Which of the following is an abiotic population control mechanism? A. Predation B. Disease C. Water shortages D. Prey shortages E. Competition 3 18. Which of the following is a biotic population control mechanism? A. Nutrients B. Precipitation C. Day length D. Climate E. Pathogens 19. In general, abiotic regulatory factors tend to be ___________ while biotic factors tend to be _____________. A. Interspecific; intraspecific B. Intraspecific; interspecific C. Density-dependent; density-independent D. Density-independent; density-dependent E. Interspecific; density-independent 20. Which of the following is an intraspecific interaction? A. Mutualism B. Territoriality C. Parasitism D. Predation E. All of these are examples of intraspecific interactions 21. Island biogeography explains the phenomenon of _______ terrestrial species on islands small and far from the mainland when compared to larger islands that are closer to the mainland and have __________ terrestrial species. A. Fewer; more B. More; fewer C. Larger; smaller D. Smaller; larger E. About the same number of; about the same number of 22. How does island biogeography apply to ecosystems other than islands? A. Relatively rare ecosystems such as coastal areas are more stable if they have high species diversity B. Habitats that are large and close to development are more adversely affected than smaller fragmented habitats C. Habitat fragmentation has formed islands of habitat in "oceans" of development D. Along with islands in oceans and lakes, the principles of island biogeography apply only to wetland areas E. Island biogeography is only concerned with islands in oceans and lakes 23. Genetic diversity is lost in a small population when A. The ecological diversity is high B. Genetic mutations cause some individuals in a population to be different in coloration or size C. Individuals from other populations are introduced into the population and the genes are diluted D. Only a few individuals survive a catastrophe E. Genetic mutations cause most individuals in a population to have similar genetic makeup 4 Use the following information. DNA studies suggest that all existing cheetahs share a single male ancestor that survived in the not-too-distant past. Generally, all male cheetahs are now nearly genetically identical and have abnormal sperm with decreased reproductive success. The population is extremely vulnerable and genetically, may be predestined for extinction. 24. The first part of this scenario describes A. The founder effect or a demographic bottleneck B. Genetic drift C. Inbreeding D. Malthusian strategies E. Inbreeding or a genetic drift 25. Historically, up until the middle ages, human populations were mostly limited by A. Low fertility rates B. Culturally imposed family planning practices C. Disease, famine and war D. Religious restrictions on marriage E. Infanticide 26. Human population growth most closely resembles A. Carrying capacity geometric increase B. Irruptive growth C. Malthusian growth D. S-shaped growth curve E. J-shaped growth curve 27. The world human population reached 1 billion in about _________ and passed ____________ in 1999. A. 1400; 78 billion B. 1500; 6 trillion C. 1600; 78 million D. 1700; 6 million E. 1800; 6 billion 28. The population theory held by Thomas Malthus was that the human population would A. Never reach its environment's carrying capacity B. Develop a modern utopia C. Reach its environment's carrying capacity and then maintain equilibrium D. Maintain equilibrium with its carrying capacity E. Outstrip its resources, then suffer starvation and misery 29. Demography is the science that describes A. The earth's carrying capacity B. Population changes and characteristics C. Energy resources D. Food production E. Environmental factors that affects population sizes 5 30. Ninety percent of the world's population growth in the next century is expected to occur in A. Less-developed countries B. China C. Developed countries D. Moderately developed nations E. India 31. The I = PAT formula says that our environmental impacts (I) are the product of A. The population size times affluence and the amount of time it took for the population to reach B. its current size C. The population size times affluence and the technology used to produce goods and services consumed D. The population size times the amount of technology used E. The percentage of affluence times the percentage of technology produced 32. The zero population growth rate is slightly over two children per couple because A. We always need slightly more young people B. The older generation is dying C. Some children die and some couples do not have children D. That is as low as birth rates can reasonably be expected to get E. The zero population growth rate is not slightly over two children per couple 33. According to the graph, which region has the greatest fertility reduction? A. Africa B. The Americas C. Eastern Mediterranean D. Europe E. South-East Asia 34. The total fertility rate is the number of children born A. To the average woman per year B. To the average woman during her lifetime C. In the world during a single year D. In a population during a single year E. In a population during an entire generation 6 35. The main cause of world population growth in the past 300 years has been A. Increasing fecundity B. Rising fertility C. Higher birthrates in developing countries D. Increasing immigration E. Falling mortality 36. The population represented by the age class histogram on the right will A.
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