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Storfjarilar 2004 Ent. Tidskr. 125 (2004) Storfjärilsfynd i Sverige 2003 Intressanta fynd av storfjärilar (Macrolepidoptera) i Sverige 2003 MARKUS FRANZÉN Franzén, M.: Intressanta fynd av storfjärilar (Macrolepidoptera) i Sverige 2003. [Interes- ting Macrolepidoptera finds in Sweden 2003.] – Entomologisk Tidskrift 125 (1-2): 27- 42. Uppsala, Sweden 2004. ISSN 0013-886x. This is the 31th consecutive annual report on interesting Macrolepidoptera finds in Swe- den. Several species are expanding northwards and have been reported in larger numbers than ever before. In July there were several periods with weather suitable for migration, when among other finds, Pericallia matronula and Lacanobia splendens were observed on the Baltic island of Gotland in mid July and have never been reported from Sweden before. In 2003 several other interesting observations were made, and among the presumptive mig- rants or recently established species were: Argyronome laodice, Rhodometra sacraria, Ort- honama obstipata, Agrius convolvuli, Acherontia atropos, Macroglossum stellatarum, Hy- les euphorbiae, Rhyparia purpurata, Herminia tarsicrinalis, Nycteola asiatica, Lamprotes c-aureum, Minucia lunaris, Catocala (Ephesia) fulminea, Colobochyla salicalis, Eucarta virgo, Hydraecia ultima, Hoplodrina ambigua, Lithophane semibrunnea, Mythimna turca, Peridroma saucia, Noctua interposita, Heliothis maritima, Heliothis armigera, and H. pel- tigera. Species that appeared in larger numbers than usual and which seem to have in- creased their distribution were: Apatura iris, Araschnia levana, Tyria jacobaeae, Cyclop- hora porata, Idaea ochrata, Scopula marginepunctata, Deltote deceptoria, Deltote banki- ana, Catocala nupta, C. promissa, C. sponsa, Hecatera dysodea and Noctua interjecta. The situation for Mellicta britomartis, Pachycnemia hippocastanaria and Cucullia argentea is alarming, as they seem to be limited to only a few remaining localities. Due to the warm summer, many species were observed to have additional generations in August and Sep- tember. The total number of species found in Sweden is 1092, 9 of them are considered to be introduced. Two species classified as introduced have been added to the Swedish list in 2003: Sibene (Acharia) stimulea and Chrysodeixis eriosoma. Markus Franzén, Ekologihuset, 223 62 Lund, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] Inledning rapporter av arter som ej anses vara bofasta i Denna årliga sammanställning över intressanta Sverige gör det svårt att avgöra om de är etable- storfjärilsfynd är den 31:a i följd som publiceras i rade eller utgörs av tillfälliga migranter. Entomologisk Tidskrift. Ur en lepidopterologisk Majoriteten av de rapporter som har inkommit synvinkel var 2003 särskilt intressant tack vare under 2003 kommer ifrån de sydligare landska- gynnsamma väderomständigheter. Till skillnad pen. Bland de 70 landskapsfynd som rapporterats från föregående år saknades längre perioder av 2003 är de flesta från Blekinge, Medelpad, ost- och sydostvindar, men trots detta infann sig Värmland samt från Gotska Sandön. Att dagfjä- distinkta migrationsperioder i början på juni, i rilsfaunan och andra arter knutna till det öppna mitten på juli, i slutet på juli samt i mitten av sep- odlingslandskapet utarmas i stora delar av västra tember. Ett varmare klimat och ett ökande antal Europa är numera välkänt, men hastigheten i för- 27 Markus Franzén Ent. Tidskr. 125 (2004) ändringen varierar mellan olika biotoper. Nya adress till www.bostream.nu/butter. Där kan uppföljningar av inventeringar från 1980-talet man läsa små notiser och hitta länkar till andra indikerar att dagfjärilsfaunan utarmats avsevärt i fjärilsrelaterade sidor på internet etc. södra Sverige (E. Öckinger opubl.). Andra arter är inne i en expansiv fas. Detta gäller t.ex. kart- Rapportering 2004 fjärilen (Araschnia levana) och vissa ordensflyn Vid inrapportering bör lokal, antal exemplar, da- (Catocala sp.). Att arter minskar är svårare att tum och övrig information som kan vara av in- påvisa, men för flera arter tycks det varma väd- tresse anges så utförligt som möjligt. Via inter- ret under senare år delvis kompensera för för- net och Artportalen finns goda möjligheter att sämrade livsmiljöer som orsakats av förändring- sköta rapportering och granskning på ett ratio- ar i jord- och skogsbruk. Flera sentida studier nellt och effektivt sätt. Där återges också mo- visar att förändringar i fjärilsfaunan kan bero på mentant samtliga fynd som registrerats. I denna förändringar i klimatet (Kruus 2003, Parson sammanställning kan inte samtliga rapporterade 2003). fynd publiceras, men de arkiveras och kan bli De senaste tillskotten till den svenska storfjä- viktiga dokument i framtiden. Fjällfjärilar be- rilsfaunan är Pericallia matronula och Lacano- handlas mer detaljerat i en separat artikel (Ryr- bia splendens samt de införda arterna Sibene holm & Ohlsson 2004). För ytterligare fynd av (Acharia) stimulea och Chrysodeixis eriosoma. fjärilar, se även artiklar i lokalföreningarnas Chrysodeixis acuta som rapporterades från 2002 skrifter, t.ex. FAZETT och LUCANUS. Alla (Palmqvist 2003), visade sig vid närmare som har medverkat med rapporter är nämnda i granskning vara C. eriosoma. C. acuta har stru- ZOO-TAX listan i slutet på artikeln. För att er- kits från den svenska listan. Det totala antalet hålla en ZOO-TAX kod måste adress och födel- påträffade storfjärilsarter i Sverige är 1092 va- seår anges för säker identifiering. Fynd gjorda rav nio räknas som införda. under 2004 kan registreras fortlöpande i Artpor- talen eller skriftligen till författaren före 15 ja- Internet nuari 2005. Eftersom mängden rapporter tycks En effektiv internetbaserad rapporteringsmöj- öka för varje år kommer den årliga sammanställ- lighet, utvecklad av ArtDatabanken och Natur- ningen eventuellt att hädanefter enbart presente- vårdsverket, finns nu tillgänglig för alla som har ra rena fynddata i likhet med årliga samman- tillgång till internet. Enklast når man rapporte- ställningar i Estland och Danmark (Õunap & ringssidan för fjärilar genom att utgå från Art- Sarv 2002, Madsen m.fl. 2002). Fynd av arter portalen (www.artportalen.se), vilket är en sam- gjorda under 2004 skickas till Markus Franzén, lingsplats för rapportering av fynd av olika orga- Lunds universitet, Ekologihuset, 223 62 Lund e- nismgrupper inom Sverige. Med detta system post: [email protected]. finns en stor potential att på ett enkelt sätt få en detaljerad inblick i olika arters utbredning och Nomenklatur fenologi. Härmed uppmanas alla att bekanta sig Systematik och nomenklatur följer ”Catalogus med denna nya rapporteringmöjlighet, där alla Lepidopterorum Sueciae” (Svensson m.fl. rapporter omedelbart sparas. Tillsammans med 1994) med vissa justeringar i enlighet med Kars- Naturhistoriska Riksmuseets förteckning över holt & Razowski (1996). De svenska namnen Sveriges fjärilar (www.nrm.se/en/svenska _fja- följer Svensson & Palmqvist (1990). Namnko- rilar/svenska_fjarilar.html), där respektive art derna på rapportörer följer det system som ska- presenteras med bild, en kort beskrivning samt pats av ZOO-TAX (Cederholm 1978). För äldre utbredningskarta finns detaljerad information fynduppgifter anges årtalet i texten eller efter om de flesta svenska fjärilar att tillgå på internet. namnkoden. Som tidigare år kommenteras flera Naturhistoriska riksmuseet tillhandahåller även rödlistade arter och rödlistekategorierna är en- en uppdaterad katalog över Sveriges fjärilar ligt följande: CR= akut hotad, EN= starkt hotad, (www.nrm.se/en/catalogus.html.se). Observera VU= sårbar, NT= missgynnad samt DD= kun- att hemsidan ”Swedish Lepidoptera” har bytt skapsbrist. För detaljerad information se Gärd- 28 Ent. Tidskr. 125 (2004) Storfjärilsfynd i Sverige 2003 enfors (2000 a, b) eller besök ArtDatabankens den, 31.8°C från Roma på det inre av Gotland. hemsida (www.artdata.slu.se) varifrån faktablad Det var också varmt långt norrut, exempelvis med detaljerad information om respektive röd- noterades 28.8°C i Älvsbyn i Norrbotten. Den listad art ofta finns att tillgå. Arter fridlysta inom varma månaden avslutades med kyliga nordan- EU har markerats med (§). vindar som fortsatte in i september. Senare delen av september passerade många svaga fronter Väderutvecklingen 2003 österut, men dessa gav inga större regnmängder. 2003 blev ännu ett varmt år med temperatur- Medeltemperaturen var under denna period över överskott i så gott som hela landet under 8 av det normala i hela landet. Oktober inleddes med årets 12 månader. Efter en relativt kylig vinter i ett stort antal fronter som sakta passerade österut södra Sverige blev det en relativt normal vår: över Sverige. Den 19 oktober drog ett snöfall mars-april erbjöd sedvanligt vårväder och maj fram över södra Sverige och talrika snöbyar bil- var ganska normal i temperaturhänseende men i dades vid ostkusten. Snö föll från Skåne och allmänhet våtare än normalt. Störst var tempera- norrut. De kommande dygnen blev riktigt kalla i turavvikelsen i nordligaste Norrland samt på Göta- och Svealand där ett antal oktoberrekord norra Gotland och norra Öland. I slutet på maj slogs. Den 23 och 24 noterades köldrekord för kom varm luft in över Sverige och månadens en rad orter t.ex. Örebro, Jönköping, Kristian- högsta temperatur, 27.4°C, rapporterades från stad, och Göteborg. Oktober avlutades med att Torup i Skåne, och på många håll i västra Göta- mild luft från söder vilket medförde gråväder land översteg temperaturen 25 grader. Maj var med dis och dimma. varm även i norra Norrland. Vädret under november och december karak-
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