751 Depending on 14C Data
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Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace Erdogu, Burcin How to cite: Erdogu, Burcin (2001) Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3994/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC CULTURES IN TURKISH THRACE Burcin Erdogu Thesis Submitted for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. University of Durham Department of Archaeology 2001 Burcin Erdogu PhD Thesis NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic Cultures in Turkish Thrace ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis are the NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic cultures in Turkish Thrace. Turkish Thrace acts as a land bridge between the Balkans and Anatolia. -
293 Radiocarbon and Stable
RADIOCARBON, Vol 46, Nr 1, 2004, p 293–300 © 2004 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona RADIOCARBON AND STABLE ISOTOPE EVIDENCE OF DIETARY CHANGE FROM THE MESOLITHIC TO THE MIDDLE AGES IN THE IRON GATES: NEW RESULTS FROM LEPENSKI VIR C Bonsall1,2 • G T Cook3 • R E M Hedges4 • T F G Higham4 • C Pickard1 • I RadovanoviÊ5 ABSTRACT. A previous radiocarbon dating and stable isotope study of directly associated ungulate and human bone samples from Late Mesolithic burials at Schela Cladovei in Romania established that there is a freshwater reservoir effect of approximately 500 yr in the Iron Gates reach of the Danube River valley in southeast Europe. Using the δ15N values as an indicator of the percentage of freshwater protein in the human diet, the 14C data for 24 skeletons from the site of Lepenski Vir were corrected for this reservoir effect. The results of the paired 14C and stable isotope measurements provide evidence of substantial dietary change over the period from about 9000 BP to about 300 BP. The data from the Early Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic are consistent with a 2-component dietary system, where the linear plot of isotopic values reflects mixing between the 2 end-members to differing degrees. Typically, the individuals of Mesolithic age have much heavier δ15N signals and slightly heavier δ13C, while individuals of Early Neolithic and Chalcolithic age have lighter δ15N and δ13C values. Contrary to our earlier suggestion, there is no evidence of a substantial population that had a transitional diet midway between those that were characteristic of the Mesolithic and Neolithic. -
Technological Features of the Chalcolithic Pottery from Târpești (Neamț County, Eastern Romania)
Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry Vol. 19, No 3, (2019), pp. 93-104 Open Access. Online & Print. www.maajournal.com DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3541108 TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CHALCOLITHIC POTTERY FROM TÂRPEȘTI (NEAMȚ COUNTY, EASTERN ROMANIA) Florica Mățău*1, Ovidiu Chișcan2, Mitică Pintilei3, Daniel Garvăn4, Alexandru Stancu2 1Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Science Department-ARHEOINVEST Platform, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Lascăr Catargi, no. 54, 700107, Iasi, Romania 2Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I, no. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania 3Department of Geology, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I, no. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania 4Buzău County Museum, Castanilor, no. 1, 120248, Buzău, Romania Received: 11/10/2019 Accepted: 14/11/2019 *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT The technological parameters of representative pottery samples attributed to Precucuteni (5050-4600 cal BC) and Cucuteni (4600-3500 cal BC) cultures identified at Târpești (Neamț County, Eastern Romania) were determined using a complex archaeometric approach. The site is located in the north-eastern part of the present-day Romania occupying a small plateau situated in a hilly region. In order to evaluate the raw materials and the firing process we have used optical microscopy (OM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and magnetic measurements. Further on, the XRPD data were statistically treated using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) taking into account position and peak intensity, the Euclidian distance as metric and the average linkage method as a linkage basis for gaining a more refined estimation of the mineralogical transformations induced by the firing process and for defining homogenous group of samples. -
Importance of Neolithic Civilization Stages of Agriculture Development 12000 to 9500 Years Ago • Hunters and Food-Gathers Stage Existed
Stages of agriculture development - Era of civilization- Importance of Neolithic civilization Stages of agriculture development 12000 to 9500 years ago • Hunters and food-gathers stage existed. • Stone implements (microliths) were seen throughout the Indian subcontinent. • Domestication of dog occurred in Iraq. • Earliest agriculture was by vegetative propagation (e.g., bananas, sugarcane, yam, sago, palms, and ginger). 9500 to 7500 years ago • Wild ancestors of wheat and barley, goat, sheep, pig, and cattle were found. 7500 to 5000years ago • Significant features were invention of plough, irrigated farming, use of wheel, and metallurgy and in Egypt, seed dibbling said to be practiced. 5000to 4000years ago • Harappan culture is characterized by cultivation of wheat, barley and cotton; plough agriculture and bullocks for drought. Indus Valley is the home of cotton. • Wheeled carts were commonly used in the Indus valley. • Harappans not only grew cotton but also devised methods for ginning / spinning / weaving. 4000 to 2000years ago • In North Arcot, bone / stone tools were found. • In Nevasa (Maharastra), copper and polished stone axes were used. First evidence of the presence of silk was found at this location. • At Navdatoli on Narmada river (Nemar, Madhya Pradesh), sickles set with stone teeth were used for cutting crop stalks. Crops grown were wheat, linseed, lentil, urd (black gram), mung bean, and khesari. • In Eastern India, rice, bananas, and sugarcane were cultivated. 2000-1500 years ago • Tank irrigation was developed and practiced widely. • Greek and Romans had trade with South India; pepper, cloth, and sandal wood were imported by Romans. • Chola King Karikala (190 AD) defeated Cheras and Pandyas, invaded Srilanka, captured 12000 men and used them as slaves to construct an embankment along the Cauvery, 160km along, to protect land from floods. -
Rapid Change Versus Long-Term Social Change During the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Transition in Central Anatolia
Volume III ● Issue 1/2012 ● Pages 75–83 INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY homepage: http://www.iansa.eu III/1/2012 Rapid Change versus Long-Term Social Change during the Neolithic-Chalcolithic Transition in Central Anatolia Peter F. Biehla aDepartment of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 380 MFAC-Ellicott Complex Buffalo, NY 14261- 0005, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The paper scrutinizes the process of cultural, social, economic and symbolic transition between the Received: 31 May 2012 Neolithic and Chalcolithic in Central Anatolia as revealed at the Çatalhöyük East and West Mounds. Accepted: 29 August 2012 It will discuss both rapid change and long-term social and palaeo-environmental changes in the Ko- nya plain and will examine how humans responded to the climate change that occurred during the Keywords: “8.2k cal BP climate event”. The key hypothesis is that the change in climate and environment caused Neolithic people to move westwards into Western Anatolia and across Europe. Çatalhöyük offers a microcosm Anatolia that may help us unlock some of the key questions surrounding this time period. At Çatalhöyük, settle- climate and culture change ment shifted from the East to the West Mound at exactly this time. The two tell sites sitting side by side Çatalhöyük offer the exceptional chance to analyse human responses to this event on a micro-scale and give us the possibility to answer the question of why and how does the shift from the East to the West Mound take place at this time. -
Mehrgarh Neolithic
Paper presented in the International Seminar on the "First Farmers in Global Perspective', Lucknow, India, 18-20 January, 2006 Mehrgarh Neolithic Jean-Fran¸ois Jarrige From 1975 to 1985, the French Archaeological had already provided a summary of the main results Mission, in collaboration with the Department of brought by the excavations conducted from 1977 Archaeology of Pakistan, has conducted excavations to 1985 in the Neolithic sector of Mehrgarh. in a wide archaeological area near to the modern From 1985 to 1996, the excavations at Mehrgarh village of Mehrgarh in Balochistan at the foot of the were stopped and the French Mission undertook the Bolan Pass, one of the major communication routes excavation of a mound close to the village of between the Iranian Plateau, Central Asia and the Nausharo, 6 miles South of Mehrgarh. This excavation Indus Valley. showed clearly that the mound of Nausharo had Mehrgarh is located in the Bolan Basin, in the north- been occupied from 3000 to 2000 BC. After a western part of the Kachi-Bolan plain, a great alluvial Period I contemporary with Mehrgarh VI and VII, expanse that merges with the Indus Valley (Fig. 1). Periods II and III (c. 2500 to 2000 BC) at Nausharo The site itself is a vast area of about 300 hectares belong to the Indus (or Harappan) civilisation. covered with archaeological remains left by a Therefore the excavations at Nausharo allowed us to continuous sequence of occupations from the 8th to link in the Kachi-Bolan region, the Indus civilisation the 3rd millennium BC. to a continuous sequence of occupations starting from the aceramic Neolithic period. -
Ceramic Composition at Chalcolithic Shiqmim, Northern
UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Ceramic composition at Chalcolithic Shiqmim, northern Negev desert, Israel: investigating technology and provenance using thin section petrography, instrumental geochemistry and calcareous nannofossils Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1cv2r3kg Journal Levant, 50(2) ISSN 0075-8914 Authors Burton, Margie M Quinn, Patrick S Tamberino, Anthony et al. Publication Date 2018-05-04 DOI 10.1080/00758914.2019.1625656 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Levant The Journal of the Council for British Research in the Levant ISSN: 0075-8914 (Print) 1756-3801 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ylev20 Ceramic composition at Chalcolithic Shiqmim, northern Negev desert, Israel: investigating technology and provenance using thin section petrography, instrumental geochemistry and calcareous nannofossils Margie M. Burton, Patrick S. Quinn, Anthony Tamberino & Thomas E. Levy To cite this article: Margie M. Burton, Patrick S. Quinn, Anthony Tamberino & Thomas E. Levy (2018) Ceramic composition at Chalcolithic Shiqmim, northern Negev desert, Israel: investigating technology and provenance using thin section petrography, instrumental geochemistry and calcareous nannofossils, Levant, 50:2, 237-257, DOI: 10.1080/00758914.2019.1625656 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2019.1625656 View supplementary material Published online: 18 Jul 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 8 View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ylev20 Ceramic composition at Chalcolithic Shiqmim, northern Negev desert, Israel: investigating technology and provenance using thin section petrography, instrumental geochemistry and calcareous nannofossils Margie M. -
Changes in Human Mandibular Shape During the Terminal Pleistocene
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Changes in human mandibular shape during the Terminal Pleistocene-Holocene Levant Received: 3 May 2018 Ariel Pokhojaev 1,2,3, Hadas Avni1,2, Tatiana Sella-Tunis1,2,3, Rachel Sarig2,3 & Hila May 1,2 Accepted: 4 June 2019 The transition to food production, exploitation of ‘secondary’ products (e.g., milk), and advances in Published: xx xx xxxx cookware technology have afected all aspects of human life. The aim of the present study was to follow changes in mandibular form and shape throughout the terminal Pleistocene-Holocene Levant. The hemimandibles of four populations were included in this study: Natufan hunter-gatherers (n = 10), Pre-pottery Neolithic early farmers (n = 6), Chalcolithic farmers (n = 9), Roman-Byzantine (n = 16), and modern (n = 63) populations. A surface mesh of each mandible was reconstructed from CT or surface scans. Changes in mandibular form and shape were studied using the Procrustes-based geometric morphometrics method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to examine diferences in size and shape between the studied populations. Our results reveal considerable temporal changes in mandibular shape throughout the Holocene Levant, mainly between the pre-agricultural population (the Natufan) and the succeeding ones, and between the post-industrial (the Modern) and the pre- industrial populations. A tendency for a reduction in mandibular size was identifed between the pre-agricultural population and the farmers. Most regions of the mandible underwent shape changes. In conclusion, substantial changes in mandibular shape occurred throughout the Holocene Levant, especially following the agricultural revolution. These changes can be explained by the “masticatory- functional hypothesis”. -
Funerary Practices in the Iberian Peninsula from the Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic
Funerary Practices in the Iberian Peninsula from the Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic Edited by Juan F. Gibaja António F. Carvalho Philippe Chambon BAR International Series 2417 2012 Published by Archaeopress Publishers of British Archaeological Reports Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED England [email protected] www.archaeopress.com BAR S2417 Funerary Practices in the Iberian Peninsula from the Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2012 ISBN 978 1 4073 1015 2 Printed in England by Information Press, Oxford All BAR titles are available from: Hadrian Books Ltd 122 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7BP England www.hadrianbooks.co.uk The current BAR catalogue with details of all titles in print, prices and means of payment is available free from Hadrian Books or may be downloaded from www.archaeopress.com ALGAR DO BOM SANTO: A MIDDLE NEOLITHIC NECROPOLIS IN PORTUGUESE ESTREMADURA António Faustino CARVALHO,a David GONÇALVES,b Raquel GRANJAc and Fiona PETCHEYd a. Universidade do Algarve, FCHS, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117 Faro, Portugal ([email protected]). b. Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua do Arco da Traição, 3000-056 Coimbra, Portugal ([email protected]). c. Instituto de Arqueologia e Paleociências das Universidades Nova de Lisboa e do Algarve, FCHS, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-117 Faro, Portugal ([email protected]). d. Radiocarbon Dating laboratory, University of Waikato, Gate 9, Hillcrest Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand ([email protected]). Abstract: A research project on the Algar do Bom Santo necropolis started in 2010. This paper presents a preliminary synthesis on the exhumed human population and a first insight into the funerary practices recorded during the site excavations in the 1990s, as well as palaeodiet reconstitutions. -
EXCAVATIONS at MEHRGARH (1974-1985 and 1997-2000) Aurore Didier, David Sarmiento Castillo
EXCAVATIONS AT MEHRGARH (1974-1985 and 1997-2000) Aurore Didier, David Sarmiento Castillo To cite this version: Aurore Didier, David Sarmiento Castillo. EXCAVATIONS AT MEHRGARH (1974-1985 and 1997- 2000): MAI Mission, direction: Jean-François Jarrige Cooperation: Department of Archaeology and Museums of Pakistan. International Seminar on ”French Contributions to Pakistan Studies”, Feb 2014, Islamabad; Karachi; Banbhore, Pakistan. 2014. halshs-02986833 HAL Id: halshs-02986833 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02986833 Submitted on 3 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. EXCAVATIONS AT MEHRGARH (1974-1985 and 1997-2000) 3 MAI Mission, direction: Jean-François Jarrige Cooperation: Department of Archaeology and Museums of Pakistan MEHRGARH NEOLITHIC Dr. Jean-François Jarrige. (8th-6th Millennium BC) Member of the Institute de France. Th e site of Mehrgarh, located in the north-western part of the Kachi-Bolan region General Curator of Patrimoine. He (Balochistan), is a vast archaeological area of about 300 ha covered with remains left was director of the Musée Guimet by a continuous occupation from the 8th to the 3rd millennium BC. Th e excavation of from 1986 to 2008. -
Ritual Practice and Architecture at Chalcolithic Çadır Höyük in Anatolia
religions Article Not Seeing Is Believing: Ritual Practice and Architecture at Chalcolithic Çadır Höyük in Anatolia Laurel Darcy Hackley 1,*, Burcu Yıldırım 2 and Sharon Steadman 3 1 Department of Classics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 2 Department of Settlement Archaeology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; [email protected] 3 Department of Sociology/Anthropology, College at Cortland, State University of New York, New York, NY 13045, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Chalcolithic religious practice at the site of Çadır Höyük (central Anatolia) included the insertion of ritual deposits into the architectural fabric of the settlement, “consecrating” spaces or imbuing them with symbolic properties. These deposits are recognizable in the archaeological record by their consistent use of ritually-charged material, such as ochre, copper, human and animal bone, and certain kinds of ceramics. During the 800-year period considered in this paper, the material practice of making these ritual deposits remained remarkably consistent. However, the types of spaces where the deposits are made change as shifting social organization reforms the divisions between private and public space. Keywords: Chalcolithic; prehistory; Anatolia; foundation deposits; ritual; material practice; in- fant burial Citation: Hackley, Laurel Darcy, Burcu Yıldırım, and Sharon Steadman. 2021. Not Seeing Is 1. Introduction Believing: Ritual Practice and Architecture -
Between History and Archaeology
Between History and Archaeology Papers in honour of Jacek Lech Access edited by Open Dagmara H. Werra and Marzena Woźny Archaeopress Archaeopress Archaeology © Archaeopress and the authors, 2017. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 772 2 ISBN 978 1 78491 773 9 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and authors 2018 Scientific Reviewers: Access Prof. dr hab. Stefan Karol Kozłowski Prof. dr hab. Romuald Schild Linguistic consultation:Open Dr Beata Kita (Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology PAS) and Archaeopress Archaeopress All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Oxuniprint, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com © Archaeopress and the authors, 2017. Contents Editorial Preface �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� iv Dagmara H. Werra and Marzena Woźny Early Prehistoric Flint Mining in Europe: a Critical Review of the Radiocarbon Evidence �������������������������������1 Susana Consuegra and Pedro Díaz-del-Río Twenty-five Years Excavating Flint Mines in France and Belgium: an Assessment �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������