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O .. ' . KING S VIARK i ENVIROWEl\~R_ R'EVIEW TEAM RE30RT L
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. NORTH'#EST PARK WINDSOR, CONNECTICUT
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DECEMBER 1980 O King's Mark Resource Conservation and Development Area ',qvironmental Review Team Nok Socc[o!bbk$$o C PDR R O. Box 30 %;mva36vsEML _ __ .____ . _ _ _ __. -.. ._ . . _ _ _ _.._.._.______-___ . .
ENVIR0 M ENTAL REVIEW TENi REPORT O '0N
NORTHWEST PARK WINDSOR, CT.
I. INTRODUCTION The Northwest Park Coordinating Committee from the Town of Windsor is in the process of planning the future recreational use and development of Northwest Park. This 1 540 acre park is owned by the town and located in the northwestern quarter of town. Access to the parcel is available from the south via Huckleberry Road and Lang Road.
! The Park'is adjacent to the Rainbow Reservoir on the west and north, bounded by private property on the east, and corporate holdings on the south. The property to the east includes an existing residential subdivision and an area which is currently being developed for residential housing. The Town of Windsor owns no land which borders directly on the reservoir and has no direct access to the reservoir under existing ownership conditions. The geographic center of the park area is approximately 2 miles from Bradley International ' Airport. A U Approximately one-fourth of the property (135 acres 1) is currently it. use as a sanitary landfill facility for the town.3 of Windsor and Bloomfield. Ap- i proximately one-half ( 220 acres 1) of the remaining area is farmland and one- half (180 acres 1) is wooded.
! - The sanitary landfill is scheduled to remain in operation until at least 1995. With final regrading in the landfill area, the land will be available for recreational use. As shown in Figure 1, the topography of Northwest Park
- is mostly flat. Numerous trails and roads traverse the property, which are | now used for racreational purposes. : The Northwest Park Coordinating Committee has been charged with preparing a recreational master plan for.the Park. As a first step in developing this Plan, the Committee requested this ERT study. The Team was asked to provide a natural resource inventory of the Park and an analysis of the suitability of specific parcels within the Park for alternative recreational land uses. The Team was also asked to assess the feasibility and environmental impact of con- verting an existing residence on the property into an interpretive center. This residence is located off Lang Road. The ERT met and field reviewed the site on September 17, 1980. Team mem- bers for this review consisted of the following:
Todd Cook...... Planc .er...... Connecticut O f fice o f Policy >>a ae eeeme== O Chip David...... Park Range r...... Town o f Windsor
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. FIGURE I. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP O / . ~ \. , ". / ' I/' A...n. i / t,j, - * * - i ' '/ i.: :::f}A, s'~ . , , / * . |h?2k" . . * , ' | e ~- * % h. :~ = m. . ' . , .r O - r 'f '' + .) n , g.] ' . N* }s}s -f j .. : ';. . 1 q $, . ~, ' @%.., :. ;c'r. > |f . g - L,,, ; y 4 m f ,g, p 9 m myp y. m. ,;yk : ; ;m+. ,, I ' , y s$' c,, *f ,/ . w % e s. ''' ~;( ,' ye , fb / | / I j; J T | ' - . . . , \. ~ ~: >'' , r . ,Q . ) f ^ 7|(mL.;|; I' y (e~h%. ' ,:. /.. i., . '' . ,. =. .-5 i j% Q..$~ $Mk . . .-d '| *. /;/ '!, %.',/ L % Y ' U j |$}[b' #- 'y' * y\7'A.(:sQsvs ' . , C - m .(4 * k fa *v A ?!& $*f* / g .,hj;. *ingf = ' g . ., - h." 7 -) *.o .. ,' Qh p |S w . jf .. '%, g .o .ty* <;, g GTON ~f... - w.s ~ . . ., ._:' |- j , 4 . , N - ;s m.w- -g / ,o . wp +y:& - 84 c,,,, e4-;- 3 >. ,,o . ' . 3 ' ' w'. , ~ ... y ' . n. , m, Q .,r.f .r . . - 0 y;. ' ~ '' ,t -~ -c %eL . - . *. !p '~ .- < .B-h s + .i~ '4 ep;' ..,am - \ i }{ i & (k' . - .t s,e; ,/ . .:- ri*g||f' ''';E a/i - i 3. , .- > . | * |' %,. . .|; J . $.(- . ' o " 7, 's'..ff%,>,/s . . , _, . .{' . | - iV , q;;,.,x... h. } 's"- - ,g - . ~4a '% ~ + !. ; - '1- ! . ^c= ig g t Ci 1 O SCALE: I'' * 2000' o W t agg, ~ m - / 0 2000' 400o- 60co e 2- - - , . - . - .. - . .. - .- . ~ . . _ - , . _ _ . . .- . 4 II. TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY The general topography of the park is flat to gently rolling. The only O significant steep slopes are found at the western boundary of the site, along or near Farmington River, and in the northeastern section south of Rainbow Dam. Several ravines have been carved into these slopes. Three notable basins, each presently filled with swamp vegetation, are located within the Park. The topography of the southwestern section of the property is in a state of-flux because of waste disposal and landfilling activities that are occurring. .- The park is located in an area encompassed by the Windsor Locks topo- graphic quadrangle. A bedrock geologic map, by R. W. Schnabel and J.H. Eric, and a surficial geologic map, by R. B. Colton, have been prepared for the quad- ' rangle and published by the U.S. Geological Survey (Maps GQ-388 and GQ-137, respectively). Bedrock cropping out on and underlying the site is mostly reddish-brown arkosic siltstone with some beds of reddish-brown arkose and gray siltstone. The terms "arkose" and "arkosic" are used to describe the rock's mineral com- position: primarily feldspar and quartz. Only a few outcrops were observed on the site. All exposures were on the steep slopes bordering Farmington River. The most extensive of these exposures is located just below Rainbow Dam and is partly off the property. Bedrock cropping out on or underlying the site is interpreted to be part of a formation called Portland Arkose. This formation consists of sediments that were deposited mostly by streams, but occasionally in lakes, during the early ! to middle Jurassic geologic period. The rocks are approximately 170-180 mil- () lion years old. , # The unconsolidated materials overlying the bedrock on the site are of more recent origin, Most of these materials were deposited by glacier ice or melt- water streams. Evidence from other parts of the United States, primarily the ' mid-west, indicates tnat glaciers advanced southward from Canada several times ' during the last million years or more. Most of the glacial sediments in Connecticut appear to date from the most recent of these advances, whi h climaxed about 18,000 years ago. i Till is the oldest sediment. Till was de- j posited directly from the surfe e of, within, and beneath the ice, mostly while the ice was continuing to move forward. As a result, the various grain sizes ; from clay to boulders are mixed together in a complex, irregular fashion. Al- though till in Connecticut is commonly compact due to the high percentage of silt and clay, till in Northwest Park seems to be quite sandy and loose. At | depth, however, the till in the park may have the more typical stony, compact, and obdurate texture that has led to till's colloquial designations as "hard- | j pan". Approximately 13,000 - 14,000 years ago, the ice from the most recent j glacial advance had melted back to northern Connecticut. Thinning at the margins resulted in the detachment of large blocks of ice while continuing flow in the thicker ice to the north produced more and more rock debris. The debris was carried forward by moltwater streams, which sorted it by grain size and deposited it on and adjacent to the " dead ice" blocks. This deposition ' produced copious quantities of sediment known as " ice-contact stratified drift". | | i l -4- _ - FIGURE 2. SURFICIAL GEOLOGY 1D # S ""*'' . - 1s , . . .: . m;- ' * * Sub,5{ationm..g . , 8, .+ e * . t; '% ' - * ' * > * * , . * ' ' * . je4 . Q, .,s . . ~, . f. .. n * * $ t . . . . '' * e , / ,p*'g*l | . :% - D' .. t O ~ P * ~/ ~ . ,f'.| / - 4.2.s t ~ .,/ *A ,. ,, g _ p /4f'u * 'I f. | ' . : ~ ~ . . ~ . * .h+we ? %f. ,. s$|. ,) i . ,. % ,. , 9,, ![.-i . ,y. ... 9 .::1 * * . / f - t:. 'a ! * / v ' . bo: .',|-|<:!: can- . . '|| h ' * Q - . ;..;,2.'.*c. .'f . .. . - Ha' / %. / .w. :. ~ : ..;I f[ ( \ . ~ .: ' ,- :. . . . s c. .n.7y. '' . < ,. * ; T ' ',/ :$$'::,:x ..q [ U f ' [ k n. : * ['5 . '* &V . gen of r i w. .. i. . :,.. .f.:i,! 3 Q.' . #...y =M.' 8 o' - . ?- ) .|7 :.s:r.%.. (~'; a. ~ ' ~i $.N?W.d )yf &..$ &. a k[m*- . - =- sa 8 / npg:.ja:.c.mm:' tL:,yz:;;:. , \y% . . , ,;, - n 5 5.. g ., . , ,, \ - . , ,.,=; d ,s . . ~ ' . .W .'s-.'- w.s.. ; ., :* y- - >::M.,9 - - .?: p% m. *n. -* e .=r n %..: . , . -4:g'. h .y..:: *b . -,.'.c .; '.:t .,%,,..s - p m .. . .* w.:.,.? m;..re..p,o m o.g xy. - 4 . . .' . ~ ." :. - .. , . *Wfs . M... Ww:w$ N. 3 y 0( k ~s d ,+p..; . . m, . - . ffs.o.., a. - ! i,, . . , , ,-.; . ,. ,93,,, e-;r , g, ,, , - %p) , . e . ~ Msi E.!: i .r: $ o ut a no , ''d' i |e'* 'o* .,N,j., z.7[ 8 ' < s)e . . . . < . . . , . 4 e ' - . 40co* u 8 *# \' M/ , -'#N o 2000' I ../ * %''o ' # '''' SCALE: l'* * 2000' [*g3 ' 'y[,';, .; - )p,! D .\ ;, g f . 3 ~ n .' .; i ):, .- ..v I EXPLANATION , 3 .i ' ' Terrace sediments (sand, gravel, ' / 7 Till (nonsorted, nonstratified and silt deposited by Farmington ' rock particles; size ranging , ~ River on an earlier floodplain). from clay to boulders). j Alluvium (modern floodplain Ice-contactstratifieddrift deposits of Farmington River). ' r'j . V Jf*>['.%' . * (mostly well-sorted sand and gravel). Swamp sediments (silt, :.ay,' sand and organic deposits in wet ' Glacial delta deposits (primarily gy. ,( ' depressions). ' ' ' sand and fine sand; some gravel and silt). [ Bedrock outcrops (Jurassic arkose I I and arkosic siltatene). The deposition of stratified drift by moving water is clearly indicated by the presence of stratification (layering) , sorting, current cross-bedding, S s_/ and other sedimentary features. At least two of the swamps on the site formed in depressions that were created when ice blocks that had been surrounded or ; buried by stratified drift melted, causing the sediments to collapse. The ' depressions so formed are called " kettles". ;l * At some time during the period of glacial retreat, ice and sediment )._ formed a blockage or dam in the Connecticut Valley in the vicinity of Rocky Hill. Water backed up from that blockage, resulting in a lake of large pro- portions. The glacial lake has been given the name Lake Hitchcock. Meltwater entering the lake deposited sediment rapidly, building a series of coalescing , deltas along the lake shore. Fine materials (cla , silt, and fine sand) were deposited on the. lake bottom, often in a varved (alternating) sequence. No lake-bottom sediments.were observed on the site, but such materials may under- lie the deltaic sediments. After ice had retreated from the area, Farmington River began to cut through the thick glacial deposits. One or more times during this down-cutting process, a " pause" occurred in which the river shifted laterally. In this man- ner, terraces were formed that are lower than the surfaces of the deltaic de- posits but higher than the present floodplain. Swamp vegetation grew in shal3cw wet a eas and at the margins of deeper water bodies. As the vegetation died, it fell to the bottom of the water bodies, decayed, and became mixed with sand silt, and clay. In some places, the swamp sediments have accumulated to thick- nesses of 10 feet or greater. Figure 2 of this report is a map of the surficial p geology of Northwest Park, v . III. HYDR (ILOGY Northwest Park's primary water resource is Farmington River, but the river is unlikely to provide more than a fishery resource and an aesthetic attraction for hikers in the park. Steep slopes border the river in most places, limiting accessibility. In addition, leachate from the landfill is or will be entering the river at the southern end of the park and flowing north along the park's western boundary. This reduces the feasibility of providing a swimming area along the river or in using the river as a water supply source. The groundwater resources of the parcel are also unlikely to have more than a modest potential for drinking-water supplies. The texture of the surficial deposits is mest favorable to groundwater development in the area of the land- fill, where, of course, quality considerations would preclude such development. . The area just east of the landfill may have adequate textures, but it probably is too close to the leachate source: large-scale water withdrawals could induce contaminated , groundwater to enter the well. On the other hand, the sediments may provide an excellent medium for the development of groundwater supplies for lawn maintenance, fire control, or other purposes where quality would not be crucial. The most promising surficial geologic source of potable grounddater is the ice-contact stratified drift near and north of the park ranger's headquarters () on Lang Road. Small yields to meet the needs of users of local recreational facilities might be met by wells drilled into the stratified drift. This is far from certain, however a well providing water to a residence on Lang Road just southeast of the park ranger's headquarters tapped bedrock after penetrating 105 feet of apparently unsatisfactory surficial materials. - _ _ _ , __ _ . - 6______, . . -- .. The bedrock itself is a more certain source of groundwater, albeit a () source that is less likely to provide high yields. Bedrock transmits ground- i water mainly by way of fractures, although a minute percentage of transmission may occur via interconnected pore spaces in the rock. The yield of a well drilled into bedrock therefere depends upon the number and size of water-bearing fractures intersected by the well. About 90 percent of che time, the yield will be 3 gallons per minute or more, enough to serve the needs of an average house- hold or to take care of other relatively small demands. Rarely, however, will the yield exceed 50 gpm. For these reasons, the park is probably not a likely location for the development of high-yielding water-supply wells. : ' . ; IV. SOILS t - GENERAL: The soils on the site are included in the Merrimac-Windsor association which is made up of coarse textured and moderately coarse textured soils that j have developed on terraces of water-sorted materials (sand, gravel and glacial ' till). The site is generally well drained to excessively drained, however, 1g three areas of poorly to very poorly drained wetland soil types lie within t- the site. Three additional areas of wetlend soil types lie near the property | boundaries of the park and may be of interest in future development plans. The ' The .ma Appendix of this report includes a detailed soils map of Northwest Park. | Appendix also contains a soils limitation chart which identifies the relative . suitability of different soil types for various land uses. By comparing the soils map with the soils limitation chart, one can gain an appreciation of the :sf .alg suitability of the soils within the park for alternate land uses. I ; The area north of the sanitary landfill was for=crly used by tobacco growers to plant, grow and harvest annual crops of tobacco. Land use decisions made by previous farm managers ety be used an indicatcrs in discussions about future , land uta. Farm operators used the areas best suited for crop production--deep, r well drained loams and sandy loams on gentle slopes--for that purpose, leaving :n areas less well suiteu--steep, droughty or wet soils--relatively undisturbed. ng A. SOIL GROUPS AND MAMAGEFE T POTENTIAL In this report, soils on the site have been classified inLo five texture and drainage groups (see accompanying Soil Texture and Drainace Groups Map) . Map symbols and natural soil group designations (in parenthesis) from the SCS/ an Cooperative Extension Service Booklet "Know Your Land" are included for refer- ence. I. Poorly and very poorly drained wetland areas - sea (A-3a) , . WdA (A-3b) , SbA (E-3b) and PkA (F-1). :G II. Sand and gravel terrace escarpment - droughty and slopes 15% or steeper - Tg (A-lc). r III. Excessively drained (Groughty) sands- WuA, WuB, WuC, WVA (all A-la) and MgC (A-lb). J IV. Well-drained sandy loams and fine sandy loams - AfA, afb, MrA, MrB, MyA, MyB, MyC (all A-ld) . - V. Well drained sandy loams and loams over compact glacial till (hardpan) pub and WkB (C-la) ; Puc and WkC2 (C-lb): WkD and WkD3 (C-ld) . ng - - - - _ _ _ - - - _ - _ - For future management decisions these five soil groups may be placed into two management categories, bq Management Category One: Soil groups in which recreational and wildlife h value will not be increased by a land-use change: ...... _ Q I. Wetland soil types. \ Wetland areas on the terrace portion of the property lie over sand f.jj and gravel sub-strata. Their wetland characterintics are a result. s t fj of a fluctuating seasonal high water table. Ponds constructed in these areas would have fluctuating water levels and may not be nuc- D/-' , cessful long term wildlife and fish ponds. We dcLeriorating con- ,j/ dition of ponds previously conntructed in %ese areas are indicative * of the problems which may be encountered. #, b II. Sand and Gravel Terrace Escarpment s. The largest area of sand and gravel terrace escarpment on the property is currently in use as climax and sub-climax forestland and should remain in this use. Any extensive clearing or excavation in these escarpment a.eas will probably be detrimental to wildlife uses, to recreation and will encourage soil ercsion. Steep slopes, low coil moisture and low plant nutrient content produce severe limitations for establishment of food and cover for wildlife. Timber stand in- provement according to a prescribed plan, and necessary erosion and p sediment control measures are recommended tnd encouraged. O * i III. Excessively drained (droughty) sands. - IC The three major areas of droughty sands north of the landfill area are in use as mature forestland. This is the most valuable recreation and wildlife use for these areas and it should be continued. Exten- sive clearing or excavation may damage wildlife and recreation areas. Poor growing conditions will present severe limitations to plant es- tablishment if extensive replanting of trees or plants becomes neces- sary. Management Category Two: Soil groups in which recreational and wildlife value may be increased by a land-use change: IV. Well drained sandy loams and fine sandy loams. Acreage on the property in group IV was recently in long-term use as cropland, producing vegetable crops and shade-grown tobacco. ! In this group moisture and nutrient holding capacity are fair to good | and limitations are slight for recreational uses (e.g. picnic areas, , campsites and play areas). Habitat for open land and woodland wild- life species is easily established, improved or maintained on these soils. V. Well drained sandy loams and loams over compact glacial till v (non-stony, hardpan soils). * Soils in group V have fair to good moisture and nutrient holding capacity. The hardpan layer restricts internal drainage of the * _ . . soil, and, during wet seasons causes lateral movement of water down- slope in the soil above the hardpan. This water movement results 7 in wet seep areas and bank cave-ins in excavated areas. Soil erca- ion hazard is moderate to severe, even on gentle slopes. In level areas, soil conditions are favorable for picnic areas and campsites. Play areas may be constructed in these areas, but the erosion hazard limits construction on slopes steeper than 3%. The , '~ soils in this group are well suited to the establishment of food and cover plants for openland and woodland wildlife species. Establish- ment of wetland habitat and ponds is impractical in these areas. Woodland productivity is good in these area. Competition from hard- wood weed trees may be expected in evergreen nurseries. B. AGRICULTURAL VALUE OF SOILS ON THE SITE There are approximately 150 acres of prime agricultural land within North- west Park. Prime agricultural land is land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber | and oil seed crops and is available for these uses. 'l Soils on the site classified as prime agricultural land are Agawam fine sandy loam (AfA, afb) ; Merrimac fine sandy loam (MrA, MrB); Merrimac sandy loam (MyA, MyB) ; Poquonock sandy loam (PuA, pub); and Wethersfield loam (WkB) . The Windsor loamy fine sand, when irrigated, is also listed as prime agricul- . tural land. > . The removal of 150 acres of prime agricultural land from production is contrary to current preservation efforts being made in the state. Open, prime farmland available for cultivation is a diminishing, non-renewable resource in Connecticut. The prime farmland en the site would require only plowing, conditioni and some conservation measures to return it to full production. The area is easily accessible and is large enough to make farming practical. Consideration should be given to protecting as .uch prime farmland as ; practical. Low-impact, grassed recreation areas could serve this purpose. Permanent buildings, fences, trees and roadways should be excluded from these areas except vhere necessary. Perennial grass and legume forage species could also be used in hay field establishment. These areas if mowed annually would suppress woody species which would interfere with future reclamation efforts. Wildlife rotations of seed crops (corn, millet, sudangrass, wheat, and clover, such as Alsike clover, red clover and sweet clover) could be grown in border areas of prime farmlend fields. . C. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL Good planning and careful application of appropriate practices will mini- mise the impact of this project on soil resources. Dividing a long-term pro- gram into planned phases is suggested. This program should give priority to projects requiring immediate attention, e.g. tha initial phases of planned tree planting projects and the control of soil erosion and sediment in exist- () ing critical areas. A critical area is defined as a " severely eroded sediment producing area trat requires special management to establish and maintain vege- tation in order to stabilize soil conditions". - 10 - . _ - - - -. - - - . _ . , . , - -. - . . _ , . . . _ _ . areas in drainage ways; stabilization of steep banks with perennial f- vegetative cover; management of stormwater upstream and in the drain- (_)g dissipationage areas using devices. waterways, diversions, small detention ponds and energy The HartfordCounty Soil and Water Conservation ' District is available to provide assistance on specific structural and vegetative measures. _ V. VEGETATION .. . Northwest Park is located in the North Central Lowlands Ecoregion in the Central(see Figure Hardwoods 4) . - White Pine Zone as identified by Dowhan & Craig (1976) An ecoregion is an area of land characterized by a distinct ' pattern of landscapes and regional climate as expressed by the vegetation. Northwest Park has a character.stic landscape for this ecoregion; and its broad, nearly level terraces and interspersed drumlinoid hills make this parcel similar to the surrounding area. Geologically, the Central Lowlands differ markedly from the eastern and western regions of the state, being underlain by reddish sandstones, shales, and basalts of the Triassic / Jurassic age. Soils are developed on the red, clayey glacial till in the upland areas, and in the andvalleys gravels. and river bottoms on extensive deposits of stratified sands, silts, The climate of this region is somewhat similar to the rest of the state, although it is warmer in the summer and winter, and has a longer growing season (180 days) than any other region except the coast. This favor- hasable attributed climate, combined to t2e agricultural withthe well-drained imp fertile soils along the major rivers, ance of this area in the past. How- /~ ever, present land use for agriculture is becoming rapidly replaced by commer- ( )T cial and residential development. s. Within the North Central Lowlands, major differences in the landscape are apparent(see Figure with 9. distinct geographic patterns of landforms, soils, and vegetation These different landscapes, or land systems, are based on differences in topography, ground materials, and biota. Further subdivisions andof the increased land system biophysical are possible similarities. and are based on finer levels of integration In Northwest Park, two major land systems are found. The TiP. Midlands Park.Land System occupies the higher knolls on the western border of Northwest i Salient features include the streamlined nature or the knolls, the highly compacted subsoil materials, and the variable thickness of fine aec'ian , sands. ' The Till Midlands System is gradational to the adjoining land system, " differing in soil moisture availability and subsequent vegetation development. The Till Midlands System occurn sporadically in the vicinity of Northwest Park, and for the purposes of this report will be included as a complex with the next ! land system, the Terrace and Plains Land System. \ . The Terrace and Plains Land System is distinguished by a flat or locally dissected topography developed on stratified sands, silts, and gravels deposited during the melting phase of the Ice Age. i ' drained, are very acid, and are generally poor in nutrients.Most of the soils are extremely well- The best-drained soils occupy areas of moderate to high relief and the poorly-drained soils occur only in the depresssions or basins. The vegetation of the Terrace and '() Plains system'is very variable ranging from low, scrubby Woodlands to well- : i - - - - - . _ __v -- (Ma2a.) - - t c - - 7g - - t ___ g- ! -A ._ - --7- _ , , > J I-A ; _'- - - ._ v y- _ [1-) H- I - _ . . .urgy __- ___ ~ ~ ~ - -i - :n III- - - IT~ v - (n. I .) ' - T- III- I _ <- _ (N .Y .) - - t _ , _3)i __ - -- _ II __ | | g. ~~ - ,- - _ b- - _._ .- III-D- - - _ j - ~~ ~~ ze - - . __. n-C , >; - ~ -- - - - .~ ~ g > -B ,_ h , _ _ . - _ * % - -:. _ _., -~ ?! ~ = ~ - _ g ~~ cal - /- / k *"" ** = .:::. - i _ w~ ~ - ,- '( , - , gt \ ,_ s -{ ~ . . , i | k .. . T7-D[T ~ ils ~ $- y 3 * 'd _ g _._ _ Long Island Sound W [ =- r- _ | - . /ars,. ' '\ i- : On s . ' FIGURE 4. OF CONNECTICUT e , ECOREGIONS :n i I. Northwest Highlands-Northern Hardwoods zone A. Northwest Highlands ecoregion I i II. Northern Uplands--Transitional Hardwoods zone | A. Northwest Uplands ecoregion - j B. Northeast Uplands ecoregion I C. Northern Marble Valley 3 a ' III. Northern Hills-Cn.teral Hardwoods-White' Pine zone A. Northwest H 11s ecoregion . B. North-Central Lowlands ecoregion :, C. Northeast Hills ecoregion tt D. Central Marble Valley ~ IV. Southern Hills-Central Hardwoods zone A. Southwest Hills ecoregion ed B. South-Central Lowlands ecoregion - C. Southeast Hills ecoregion D. Southern Marble Valley ' ' V. Coastal Hardwoods zone A. Western Coastal ecoregion B. Eastern Coastal ecoregion ae rres .s. FIGURE 5. NATURAL LAND SYSTEMS . NORTH-CENTRAL LOWLANDS ECOREGION CONNECTK * g PRELIMINARY MAP ,,,, ,, - ~ t . f _.h?: * ' S.ix L_- ,., g- 'W 3 . . . " - : ''- , f _ \\ _ 0 E . ~ O .' ,t 7- __ ' ~ f .c .- W,_5. . t , " # b 7_-{. r-u:. j. ,_. - * . ' _ _ . - % :" * . % |------.-| ,! c > J _- g.; .. f=%g ;(.i '-: . % | 5 -- _t 9 | g f% ' - _; I :. .__ ; '- a |- -- ~ ' p-- - _y - % dg A W .: g -__k .. i. ? ; - *- - _ &( - f;Q.%J L __ i % - ) %- : . n-____.__d)p : g ew. f ~ ~ , : l '' , : : g :- hA ~ 2 E ;;': . .a . 4s m - - , , ; , . - V- ' '-s0 ,' .-i. '. t d . connrcric: ' " c "" ! & '[ ,. Y 4 ^ , . s-[ % ! ' ~ (~ g 2 , - f a -e:- .- .W "a c g . - A EEE .. | |g's .-f.. r: , :W_ I \ ; i _ ?. A' J .. ;[i ! -: k. _ {5N1.W--.r i&T | Q,t ). !I~'% /r g @'sy L M * Sy . f- j , jy t IO 4... g . h ' --- g : : I edEET ~ ' . C4 'g, - . LEGEND ' . . AIEk ?- ~ | jj C Riverine Land System ? ' 2 .' y ,. . 3 Terrace B Ploin tend Syste ^ . f;J "'lJ K - - ; - t,-, - O Titi Mie cnes tend system ~f . th , . ,..; g, . ; ** :/:' ~Q- , E Trop-rock Ridge Land Syste: g" ,' . 0 - . . , . . o app,oximore ecunecry or ' Q, ,. ,. intensively urbonized creas L, , ( ;[, - - - ! S? Water Bodies .. 'M' m - (,._, # --- Town Boundary , gr s7- - tond System sceneo, o -3_,, ,, ,,J L. ....- da~ t-asr- =~ -1 ,. 4 .. .w = (_j -3 e wa. j j { .r.....- t 5 s - a ' .- e _ W . DIAGRAMATIC CROSS SECTION M ' e _- .T . - - ______. _ _ _ . developed forests. In some places steep-sloped ravines are cut into the terraces and support a rich and diverse flora. }} In the following paragraphs, the vegetation of each land system is described, its soil requirements noted, and a generalized topographic sequence of soils and vegetation depicted (see Figure 6). Individual plant cc=munities will not be mapped in this report. In addition, since the vegetation for this region has not been adequately sampled or described to develop a uniform classi- fication, the community nomenclature employed is solely developed for this re- port. All taxonomical nomenclature used in this report follows Fernald (1950) for vascular plants and crum (1965) for mosses. Northwest park can be best described as a large till knoll bordered on three sides by steep escarpments grading, sometimes rather abruptly, to the Farmington River. On the west is Rainbow Reservoir, an impounded section of the Farmington River; and to the east are a series of alluvial terraces to an active ficodplain. To the south, the landscape is more gentle, with no abrupt ' change in elevation or in landforms. The knoll occupies the western portion i of the park and is composed of a compact core of sandy glacial till blanketed by a cover of fine sand. Bordering the knoll to the east is a nearly level terrace of stratified sands, dissected, in part, by a number of steep-sloped ravines. The vegetation of Northwest Park is influenced primarily by soil moisture icnc; and topography. The soils are mostly well-drained sandy loams and loams pro- $2191 ducing droughty conditions en the knolls and level terraces and more mesic (moist) conditions on the slopes. Wetlands are developed in the basins and ravines, and ~ cn the western escarpments, on the lower slopes. A large portien s-/ s of the park is abandoned agricultural land, a smeller portion young forest and scrub, and the remainder forest land. The natural forest vegetation is predcm- inately oak types,with red maple types in the wetlands and sugar maple-white ; ash types on the rich lower slopes. The vegetation is described as follows: A. OAK FOREST TYPES These forest types include the acid forests of nutrient-poor, dry to moist soils. Oak species predominate, especially on the well-drained soils. The oak forest types are differentiated from other forests by the large number of ____ acid-loving species in the ground vegetation. Pine species and hemlock are | common in the drier communities. The oak forest types are rat uniform in Syster their vegetation structure. They range frca dry forests with a well-developed stem ericaceous dwarf shrub layer ,to mesic forests with a well-developed shrub layer Systa with few ericaceous shrubs ,to poorly drained forests with a ground cover of g Cinnamon Fern. Each community type is further described: ' ' * 1. Oak-Ericaceous Type '# The Oak-Ericaceous type is a dry, poorly-growing forest with a dominance Anda of oak species. On the driest sites, :arlet oak and pitch pine pre- '' dominate. On the less droughty sites the forest canopy is a mixture of oak spp., hickories, and conifers. The differential characters of this community are the dwarf shrub layers of huckleberry and/or icw mj|| bush blueberries and indicator species such as pink lady slippers, ,, bracken, spotted wintergreen, pin-cushicn moss, and hair-cap = css. In many cases, the ground cover is sparse. The Oak-Ericaceous type occupies the largest portion of Northwest Park occurring on both the - 15 - - ______- i O A D G I B A E A C EC A F A B A # o a e f: j '=E S id 'S . a- s S. *E E m ~b b # Y ' Land ystema e- Till Midlands Land System --* : Terrace & Plains Land System : A = Oak Ericaceous Type E = Winterborry-Azalea Ty), B = Oak-Viburnum Type F = Sugar maple-White ash T;m C = Oak-Cinnamon fern Type G = Opon Water D = R7d maple Skunk cabbago Type FIGURE 6. DIAGRAMMATIC X-SECTION OF NORTHWEST PARK SHOWING THE TYPICAL TOPOSEQUENCE OF PLANT COMMUNITIES. - . , . u. nap????\*a _ . , . _ , - me e 1 .e a p till knolls and on tb a terraces. This community type represents the driest phase of the oak forest types. Associated species in- Q clude the following: Tree Layer Shrub Layer - puercus coccinea (scarlet oak) Gaylussacia baccata (black huckleberry) p. velutina (black' oak) Yaccinium vacillans (early low blueberry) p alba (white oak) V. augustifolium (late low blueberry) O. rubra (red oak) g Faaus grandifolia (beech) Pinus strobus (white pine) Chimaphila maculata (spotted wintergreen) Pinus rigida (pitch pine) Cypripedium acaule - (pink lady's slipper) 'J., Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) Apocynum androsaemifolium (spreading dogbane) D Leuccbryum glaucum (white mass) 1) Polytrichum chloense (haircap moss) 3 . 2 d 2. Oak-$aple-leafed Viburnum Type 3 3 The Oak-Viburnum type is a mesic forest predominated by red oak with :J an admixture of other species such as black birch and red maple. The 9 shrub layer is generally well-developed and is dominated by maple- ) leaved viburnum, beaked hazelnut and witch hazel, with a sparse oc- Included in this type are more nutrient - * currence of ericaceous shrubs. ' demanding species such as sugar maple, flowering dogwood, and an occas- f sional white ash. The oak-viburnum type is found on the escarpments and in the moderately well-drained basins within Northwest Park. However, ; As- ( g* this type is not well-expressed within this habitat in the park. )y sociated species include the following: - Shrub Layer . |- - Tree Layer $Z Ouercus rubra (red oak) Viburnum acerifolium (mapleleaf viburnum) D Betula lenta (black birch) Cornus cornuta (beaked haze 1) !2 * Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) } * Betula papyrifera (paper birch) y Q Cornus florida (dogwood) (,) Acer rubrum (red maple) Smilacina racemosa (false solomon's-seal) A. saccharum (sugar maple) Chimaphila maculata (spotted wintergreen) | Aster divaricatus (white wood aster) |-- Polystichum ac -stichoides (christmas fern) Z Mianthemum canadeusis (canadian mayflower) ... . ._. - - . - - - . . - - ._ . . - - . - . ~ ._. _. . small brooks. Accccisted cpecics includa: ! Tree Layer Shrub Layer t Acer rubrum (red maple) ,! Lindera benzoln (spicebush) Quercus rubra (red oak} sassafrass albidum (sassafrass) p. velutina (black oak) Viburnum recognitum (northern arrowwood) Tsuga canadernsis (hemlock) , Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberr) Fraxinus americana (white ash) Rhododendron viscosom (svamp azalea) Ostrya virginiana (hornbeam) > -.. Herb Layer Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnan'on fern) Lycopcdium obscurt:m (tree clubmoss) L. complanatum (running pine) i Trientalis borealis (starflower) Medeola virginiana (Indian cucumber-root) , Dryopteris noveboracensis (New York fern) Dennstaedtia punctilobula (hayscented for B. RED MAPLE FOREST TYPE * Typical red maple forest types are not found to any extent in Northwest Park. These are forested swamps dominated by red maple with yellow birch, ) ! . white pine, and hemlock as common associates. These swamps are characterized by a dominant herbaceous cover of skunk cabbage in the spring and early sum- mer. During the vegetative season, the herb layer is very diverse and in- cludes many spring ephemerals, ferns, and fall composites. The shrub layer is well-developed and is dominated by shrubs such as winterberry, arrow- .s ' '( wood, silky dogwood, spicebush, and ericaceous species such as highbush blue- berry, swamp azalea, and sweet pepperbush. Red maple forest types are vari- able and in Northwest Park can be divided into two subtypes; the Winterberry- Swamp Azalea Type and the Sr.artweed Type. . 1. Winterberry-Azalea Type | The Winterberry-Azalea type is one of the poorest red maple types. I It is characterized as a 2-3m. high thicket with scattered trees of red maple and some black gum. The shrub layer includes high- bush blueberry, swamp azalea, winterberry, red chokeberry, and , ' somee.imes buttonbush. The ground cover is variable ranging from a dense sphagnum mat to a hummocky topography with standing water , in the depressions. The winterberry-azalea type differs from the j typical red maple-skunk cabbage type in its nutrient-poor stagnant water (no enrichment from seepage) and a strongly fluctuating water . table. This type occurs in depressions inundated in the spring and early summer but dry at the soil surface in the late summer and early fall. In deep depressions, sphagnum mats are most often formed. An example of the Winterberry-Azalea type in North- west Park is the " bog". Associated species include: Tree Layer Shrub Layer i Acre rubrum (red maple) Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry) ; Betula populifolia (gray birch) Ilex verticillata (winterberry holly) . - 18 - ! . - . - - . , - . . - - , - - - . - . . . - . . , , - - , - , . - - - . - . - , - . - . ------.- - _ -.-. .. . Herb Layer m ub Layer _ *Kalmia angustifolia (sheep laurel) ( Acer rubrum (red maple) * Carer trisperma (sedge) ,,.,.-opnches, , . mucronata (mountain holly) Alnus rugosa (speckled alder) Nypericum virginicum (marsh st. johnswort; Deluchium arundinacea (three-way sedge) >cd) *Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) nrry)etionia ligustrina (maleberry) Bidens discoldea (beggar-ticks) phododendron viscosum (swamp azalea) *Woodwardia virginica (virginia chain fern) ecephalanthus occidentalis (buttonbush) Lycopus uniflorus (water borehound) espirea tomentosa (steeplebush spirea) Cicuta bulbifera (bulb-bearing water-hemlor- Dryopteris thelypteris (marsh fern) tonly in shrub type **Carex comosa (sedge) tonly is sphagnum type **Calamagrostis canadensis (blue-$oint grass) **Scirpus validus (soft-stem bullrush ) **Scirpus cyperinus (woo 1 grass) oot) ern) im) 2. Smartweed Type 1 ' The Smartweed type is differentiated from other red maple types by the lack of trees, few shrubs, and a strongly fluctuating water I table. These areas are generally ponded in the spring and early st suzaner and are exposed in the later summer and fall. The vege- ted tation is primarily herbaceous with Polygonum spp. the dominant g plants. Where seepage is present, more nutrient demanding species are common. The smartweed type occupies a number of small tem- porary ponds draining the western portion of the park. Associated (; species inc~ude: te- i Herb Layer . Shrub Layer Y~ ' C2phalanthus occidentalis (buttonbush) Polygonum punctatum (smartweed) Acer rubrum (red maple) 2. pensylvanicum (Pennsylvania scartweed) Fraxinus pensylvanica (red ash) 2. hydropiperoides (mild water-pepper) Leersia virginica (cutgrass) L. oryzoldes (rice cutgrass) Bidens frondosa (beggar-ticks) Lindernia dubia (false pumpernel) Pilea pumila (clearweed) Carex stricta (sedge) Dryopteris thelypteris (marsh fern) , d C. SUGAR MAPLE-WHITE ASH FOREST TYPES $ These types include the forests of fertile soils, restricted in this area primarily to the moist to wet lower slopes and valleys. Sugar maple and white ash are always present and often dominate the tree canopy. Tulip poplar occurs only in these foresttypes. The sugar maple-white ash types are differentiated from other forests by the large number of nutrient demanding species. All of these forests have a well-developed shrub layer which always contains spice bush. The herb layer varies from a luxuriant herbaceous or fern cover to an open ground cover on moist talus slopes. In Northwest Park, one marginal y)' community was recognized. The sugar maple-white ash type in Northwest Park is distinguished by both its topographic position and its floristic composition. In many instances, it is a linear formation and is difficult to distinguish. This forest type is not well-expressed in Northwest Park and is restricted to deep seepage ravines and . . _ - Enrichment is primarily sporadically to the base of the western escarpment. ( from seepage through the adjoining slopes and, in the deeper ravines, from the subsurface silts and clays. Characteristic species include: Herb Layer Tree Layer Athyrium felix-fermina (1ady fern) Quercus rubra (red oak) Dryopteris spinulosa (spinulose woodfern) Acer saccharum (sugar maple) ~ Pilea pumila (clearveed) Fraxinus americana (white ash) Impatiens capensis (jewelveed) Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree) Smilacina racemosa (false solomon's seal) Circaea quadrisulcata (enchanter's nightsh Shrub Layer _ Athyrium thelypteroides (silvery spleenwor Boehmeria cylindrica (false nettle) Lindera benzoin (spicebush) Hydrocotyle americana (water-pennywort) viburnum recognicum (northern arrowwood) Namm71s virginiana (comon witch-hazel) e a e * * D. FINDINGS 1) The escarpments are fragile. Due to the unconsolidated nature of the soils, the steep escar;x::ents are sensitive to erosion. These areas should be maintained as forest land to provide soil stability and a buffer zone between ( the higher terraces and knolls and the ar* joining floodplains and terraces of the Farmington River. Most of Northwest Park is underlain 2) Erosion is a serious problem. This is by coarse textured soils that are easily erodedCase during in point, heavy to the rains. east of Lang especially true in the abandoned fields. Road, north of the residence, there is a small ravine that drains a small Due to recent erosion from the adjoining fields winterberry-azalea depression. Erosion can be there is now a deposit of sand 50+ cm. deep within the basin. controlled on the site using presently available preventive techniques. To | 3) The landscape is more diverse outside the boundaries of the park. | the east are a series of alluvial terraces and floodplains including a large f To the west a low terrace and a well-developed hemlock l pondswamp. (Spring Dam Pond) .These areas have a diversity of plant co=munities not found within the , In addition, these adjoining areas have a better I boundaries of Northwest Park. Depending on the tcun's objectives, expression of those communities described.it may be valuable to expand the park to include some of these additional habi- tats. . This includes boththe deep ravine bot- 4) Certain wetlands are fragile. Although both these areas toms and the sphagnum-winterberry-azalea thickets. have an interesting flora, access should be controlled to eliminate habitat , . destruction through trampling, bank erosion, etc. | | Not only do the abandoned 5) The abandoned fields are a valuable resource. fields provide a source for biological diversity (many wildflowers are presentPos- : i here) but they provide an outdoor class-room to study plant succession. sibilities in & de maintaining the old fields in various stages of successionPoint | through mowing, etc. , and/or keeping part of the land under cultivation. ! of note: presently white pine is self-seeding into some of the old fields. j- This can_be ob0erved and monitored as a successional trend with the park. - . .- - - . -- .- - . Increased recreational use of Northwest Park will diminish its value as wildlife habitat. The two uses are not entirely incompatible however, ( particularly if passive recreational use is encouraged over active recrea tional use. This can be accomplished by concentrating active recreational facilities in one section of the site rather than spreading them out over the entire area. VIII. FISHERIES Northwest Park is located just to the southeast of the Farmington River. | The parx boundaries come within close proximity of the River, but do not ex- tend entirely to the water's edge. Most of the Farmington T.iver along North- j west Park is impounded and is known as Rainbow Reservoir. A small portion of | park land also bounds the Farmington River directly east of the Rainbow Reser- voir Dam. Rainbow Reservoir has a surface area of 235 acres, a maximum depth of 50 feet and an average depth of 19 feet. Dense growths of aquatic vegetation are found in most of its shallow areas and it is often subject to heavy algae blooms. Rainbow Reservoir is inhabited by fairly abundant populations of large- ' mouth bass, red breasted sunfish, common sunfish, bluegill sunfish, American eel and golden shiners. Less common resident species include yellow perch, ' chain pickerel, rock bass, white suckers, brown bullhead, and smallmouth bass. , | Because of a fishway around Rainbow Dam, anadromous species of fish, such as | American shad, sea-run brown trout, and sea lamprey, which are in a non- , ( parasitic stage of life, are able to pass through the reservoit during their j up-river migration. Juvenile shad utilize the reservoir as a nursery area during the summer and early fall, before moving out to sea. Atlantic salmen will also pass through during the spring and fall as sufficient numbers return to provide a sport fishery in the Upper Farmington River. Finally, trout, whichare stocked up river, may occassionally move down into the reservoir. Rainbow Reservoir is generally in a productive state of balance nnd should provide a good to excellent fishery for largemouth bass, chain pickerel, and yellow perch. Although a state-owned boat launcing area is present on the northern shore, the reservoir is under utilized as a fisheries resource. Fishing for bass and most pan fish species along the Park's adjacent shoreline 'shocid be rather good. The recreational potential of Northwest Park would be greatly improved if fishing access could be obtained along the entire south- west shore of Rainbow Reservoir. Because of the close proximity of the Rain- bow Fishway and its salmon stock-out ponds, no fishing would be allowed on the portion of adjacent park land below the Rainbow Dam. Construction of a boat launching facility within the Park would be of value for providing addi- tional access to Rainbow Reservoir, if feasible. A dug-out pond, withAn Northwest Park, would have some fisheries value, , as long as an adequate water supply is available to provide a continuous exchange of water throughout the year. If dug relatively deep (15-20 feet) with a small surface area (1/2 - 3 acres), the pond may be suitable for trout. Since trout will not reproduce in the pond,. they would have to be stocked on a yearly basis, to provide a put-and-take 4.shery. If the pond is found to be suitable for trout and is open to the 9eneral public for fishing, Windsor could enter into an agreement with the Connecticut Department of Environmental ' Protection to stock the pond with trout ,each spring, at no cost. f l - 27 - , . i. ! | I A pond that is dug shallower than 10 feet should generally be managed ( as a warm-water fishery. The bottom of such ponds should be lef t with boulders exposed and with uneven contours, to provide shelter and structure required by , warm-water fish species. A shallow pond, which is larger than 1/2 acre in j surface area, should be stocked with largemouth bass, golden shiners, brown | bullheads and bluegill sunfish. Only an initial stocking would be required, ! as all warm-water species should reproduce in the pond. However, if the pond | is smaller than 1/4 acre, largemouth bass may become depleted through fishing pressure. Also, golden shiners, even in larger ponds, may be depleted through ' predation by largemouth bass. To maintain a population of golden shiners it ; may be necessary to place artificial brush shelters along the pond's shore, ' if adequate natural shelter from aquatic vegetation is not present. ' Considering that good fishing for warm-water species is already present in Rainbow Reservoir, a deeper trout pond, located in Northwest Park, would likely have more value as a fisheries resource than would a shallower warm- water pond. In addition, a deeper pond would likely require less maintenance and have less nuisance growths of aquatic vegetation that would a shallow < pond. IX. RECREATION PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT The recreational possibilities for sn area so large and diverse as North- west Park are limitless. The Town of Windsor is presently in the process of preparing a Recreational Master Plan for the property based upon present and future needs. Such comprehensive planning is laudable and will help ensure [' maximum utilization of the park while minimizing potential user conflicts. : Preparation of a recreational master plan for a tract this large is a formidable undertaking. The purpose of this section of the ERT report will be to provide some general guidance with regards to alternative use possibili- . ties. In June 1978, the Windsor Conservation Commission released a report en "Appropraite Uses For the Land In Northwest Park". This report divided the Park into three general areas and listed " appropriate" uses for each area. Figure 9 of this report adapted from the 1978 report, shows the three general | areas. Appropriate uses accordine to the 1978 report are as follows: AREA A | Baseball & Football Fields Playground (Swings, Slides, etc.) Basketball Courts Skate Board Run Handball Courts Sledding Horse Show Rings Soccer Indoor Ice or Roller Skating Facility Swimming Facility ; Paddle Tennis Tennis AREA B Camping (Group) Nursery , Ecological Studies (Succession Plots, Physical Fitness Trail ! Soil Run-Off Plots, etc.) Picnicing , Golf Course Tobacco Museum ! Individual Garden Plots Town Farm | Nature Center Wildlife Management Area . e _ _ ~ , &_ ' ATTACHMENT A.2 CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONhENTAL PROTECTION i - WILDLIFE UNIT THREATENED AND ENDANGERED WILDLIFE As Listed By Office of Endangered 51ecies and International Activities Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife U. S. Department of the Interior 1981 * Officially listed as United States Endangered or Threatened Species + Resident of Connecticut . Scientific Status MAMMALS Name E Anoa Bubalus anoa deoressicornis Bubalus anoa quarlesi E Anoa Anteater, scaly Manis tem- Mi E Antelope, boncebok Damaliscat orcas dorcas E Antelope, g'iant sable Hippotragus niger variani E Antelope, Mongolian saiga Saiga tatarica =cagolica E Ovis a=cen hodgsoni E Argali . ( E Armadillo, giant Priodontes giganteus Armadillo, pink fairy Chlamyphoras cruncatus E Ass, African vild Equus asinus E Ass, Asian vild Equus hemienus E Avahis Avahi spp,. (all species) E E Aye-Aye Daubentonia Babiroussa Babyrousa babvrussa E Bandicoot, barred Pera=eles bougainville E E Bandicoot, desert Perameles eremiana Bandicoot, lesser rabbit Macrotis leucura E Bandicoot, pig-footed Chaeropus ecaudatus E E Bandicoot, rabbit Macrotis lagotis E Banteng Bos banteng E * Bat, gray Myotis grisescens E * Bat, Hawaiian hoary Lasiurus cinereus semotus E * + Bat , Indiana Myotis sodalis E * Bat, Ozark big-eared Plecotus townsendii incens E * Bat, Virginia big-eared Plecotus tcunsendii virginianus E Bear, brown Ursus arctos pruinc. 32ij E Bear, brown Ursus arctos arctos I * Bear, brown or grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis E Bear. Mexican grizzly Ursus arctos nelsoni E Beaver Castor fiber birulai E * Bison, wcod Bison bison schabascae Felis rufus escuinace E Bobcat E C2mel, Bactrian Camelus bactrianus ( E Cat, Andean Felis jacobita E Cat, black-footed Felis nigrices E Cat, flat-headed Felis planiceos _ . _ _ _ . ______. _ . .______, - . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ -2- I Scientific Name Status y,et,st S_ Maya 11urus iriomotensis E Cat, Iriccote Felis _bengalensis bengalensis E Cat. Leopard Felis mar =orata E Cat, marbled E F_elis tenmincki Cat, Terninck's Felis tigrina E Cat, tiger E Rupicapra rupicapra ornata . Chanois, Apennine Acinonyx jubatus E Cheetah Pan troglodytes _ T Chimpanzce Pan paniscus T Chimpan:ce, pigmy Chinchilla brevicaudata boliviana E Chinchilla E Civet. Malabar large-spotted Viverra magasoila civettina Colobus satanas E Colobus, black , Colobus badius rufocitratus E Colobus, Tana River red E Colobus, Zanzibar red _ Colobus kirkii Felis concolor cougar E * + Cougar, eastern Cervus elaphus bactrianus E Deer, Bactrian Axis porcinus kuhli E Deer, Bawean E Deer, Earbary Cervus_elaphus barbarus Odocoileus hemionus cedrosensis E Deer, Cedros Island mule Odocoileus virginianus leucurus E * Deer, Colu=bian white-tailed Cervus elachus_ corsicanus. E . Deer, Corsican red Cervus eldi E Dece, Eld's brown-antlered Axis (=Cervus) porcinus anna =iticus E Deer, hog Odocoileus virginianus clavium E (' * Deer, key Blastocerus dichotomus E Deer, marsh E Deer, McNeill's Cervus elaphus macneilii Moschus cochiferus moschiferus E Deer, musk E Deer, pampas Ozotoceras bezoarcticus Dama dama mesopotamica E Deer, Persian fallow E Deer, Philippine Axis calasianensis Cervus duvauceli E Deer, swa=p E Deer, Yarkand Cervus elaphus yarkandensis Antechinus apicalis E Dibbler E Dog, Asiatic wild (= Dhole) Cuon alpinus Papio leucophaeus E Drill yugone ducen E Dugong Lephalophus jentinki E Duiker, Jentink's E Eland, Western giant ;"aurotraeus_ derbianus derbianus p xodonta africana T Elephant, African E Elephant, Asian Elephas maximus Mustela nigripes E * Ferret, .;ack-footed E Forester, Tasmanian (Kangaroo) Macropus giganteus tasmaniensis Vulpes velox hebes E * Fox, Northern swift E * Fox, San Joaquin kit Vulpes macrotis mutica Simia simensis E Fox, Simien E Ammodorcas_ clarkei Cazelle, Clark's (=Dibatag) E Cazelle, Cuvier's Gazella cuvieri Gazella dama chorr E Cazelle, Mhorr E Ca:cile, Moroccan (=Dorcas) Gazella dorcas massaesvla ( E Ca:elle, Rio de Oro Dama Gazella dama lo:anoi Gazella_ gazella E Cazelle, Arabian E Gazelle, Sand Gazella subgutterosa marica 4 3- Scientific ( Status MAMMALS Name Cazelle, Saudi Arabian Gazella dorcas s,audiya, E Gazella , "clze3 n's Gazella dorcas _ pel:cini E Cazelle, slender-horned (=Rhim) Gazella leptoceros E Theropithecus gelada T Celada (baboon) Hvlobates son. (including Nomascus) E Gibbons Nemorhaedus goral E Goral Gorilla gorilla E Corilla Caprolagus hispidus E Hare, hispid - Marcebeest, Swayne's Alcelaphus buselachus swaynei E Alcelaphus buselachus cora E Hartebeest, Tora , Hog, pigmy Sus salvanius E Uorse, Przewalski's Equus przewalskii E Huemul, North indean Hippocamelus antisiensis E Huemul, South Andean Hippocamelus bisulcus E Hyena, Barbary Hy3pgja hyaena barbara E E Hyena, brown R1s n_a_ brunnea Ibex, Pyrenean Cap.a pyrenaica pyrenaica E E I hr t, Walia Caora valie Impala, black-faced Aepyceros celamous petersi E E Indris Indris spp. (all species) * Jaguar Panthera enca E * Jaguarundi Felis jgagouaroundi caco =itli E Jaguarundi Felis yatcuaroundi fossata E ( Jaguarundi Felis yagouaroundi panamensis E * Jaguarundi Felis yagouaroundi tolteca E Kangaroo, eastern gray Macropus giganteus (all subspecies T (see also Forester, Tasmanian) except tasmaniensis) Kangeroo, red Megaleia rufa T Kangaroo, vestern gray Macropus fuliginosus T Kouprey Bos sauveli E Langur, capped Presbytis pileatus E Langur, entellus Presbytis entellus E Pygathrix nemaeus E j Langur, Dcue Langur, golden Presbytis geei E | La.gur, long-tailed Presbytis potenziani T Langur, Pagi Island Simias concolor E Langur, purple-faced Presbytis senex T Lechwe, red Kobus leche E Lemurs Lemuridae (incl. Cheirogaleidae, Lepilemuridae); all = embers of genera Lemur, thaner, Hapalemur, Lepilemur, | l Microcebus, Allocebus, Cheirogaleus, Varecia Leopard Panthera pardus E Leopard, clouded Neofelis nebulosa E Leopard, snow Panthera uncia E , Linsang, spotted Prionodon pardicolor E | E I Lion, Asiatic Panthera leo persica Nycticebus oygmaeus T ! Loris, lesser slow Lynx, Spanish Felis lynx pardina E Macaque, Formosan rock Macaca evelopis T T ! Macaque, Japanese Macaca fuscata Macaca silenus E : Macaque, lion-tailed , | [ .._____._ _ _ Y _._, Scientific ( MAMMALS Name Status Macaque, stump-tailed Macaca arctoides T Macaque, Toque , Macaca sinica T Manatee, Amazonian ,Trichechus launguis E Manatee, West African Trichechus senegalensis T e Manatee, West Indian (Florida) Trichechus manctus E Mandrill Papio sphinn E Mangabey, Tana River Cercocebus ejleritus E Mangabey, white-collared Cercocebus totquatus E o Margay Felis viedii E Markhor, Chiltan Capra falconeri chiltanensis E Markhor, Kabal Capra falconeri megaceros E Markhor, straight-horned Capga falconeri jerdoni E Marmoset, cotton-top Saguinus oedipus E Marmoset, Goeldi's Callimico coeldi E Marsupial, eastern jerboa Antechinonvs laniser E Marsupial-mouse, large desert Sminthopsis psa==ochila E Marsupial-mouse, long-tailed Sminthopsis longicaudata E Marten, Formosan ynllow-throated Martes flavicula chrysospila E Monkey, black howler Alouatta pigra T Monkey, Diana Cercopithecus diana E Presbytis francoisi E Monkey, Francois' leaf ~ ' Monkey, howler Alouatta viliosa E Monkey, L'hoest's Cercopituecus lhoesti E E k Monkey, proboscis Nasalis larvatus . Menkey, red-backed squirrel Saimiri oerstedii E Monkey, red-bellied Cercopithecus,erythrogastet E Monkey, red-eared, nose-spotted Cercopithe as erythrotis E Monkey, spider Ateles geoffroyi frontatus E Monkey, spider /teles geoffroyi canamensis E Monkey, Tonkin snub-nosed Rhinopithecus avunculus T Monkey, Woolly spider Brachyteles arachneides E Monkey, yellow-tailed woolly Lagotnrix flavicauda E Mouse, Australian native Notomys pedunculatus E Mouse, Australian native Notemys aquilo E House, Field's Pseudomys fieldi E , Mouse, Gcald's Pseudomys gouldii E | Mouse, New Holland Pseudomys novaehollandiae E E O Mouse, salt marsh hervest Reithrodontomys raviventris Mouse, Shark Bay Pseudomys praeconis E Mouse, Shortridge's Pseudomys shortridgei E ! Pseudomys fu=eus E ! Mouse, Smoky Mouse, vestern Pseudomys occidentalis E Muntiac, Fea's Muntiacus feae E Native-cat, eastern Dasyurus viverrings E E Numbat Myrmecobius fascittug l Felis pardalis E | * Ocelot E Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Oryx, Arabian Oryx leucervv. E Otter, Camerocn clawless Paraonyx microdon E ; E Otter, giant Pteronura brasiliensis E Otter, La Plata Lutra platensis _ - . _ , _ _ .- . . _ -- -_ __. . _ . - - _. ._ _. _ _ _ . ______. . - . .. . . - *& - -$- . Scientific ( -nAMMALS Name Status Otter, long-tailed Lucra longicaudis Otter, marine ~ E _ Lutra felina Otter, southern river Lutra provocax. E E a Otter, southern sea Enhydra lutris nereis = Panther, Florida _ Felis concolor coryi T Planigale, little Planigale subtilissima E Planigale, southern E Planigale tenutrostris - E Porcupine, thin-spined Chaetomys subspinosus Possum, mountain pigmy Burramys parvus E Possum, scaly-tailed Wyulda squamicaudata E E , Prairie dog, Mexican * Cynomys mexicanus Prairie dog, Utah Cynomys parvidens E E Pronghorn, peninsular Antilocapra americana E peninsularis * Pronghorn, Sonoran Antilocapra americana E sonoriensis Pudu Pudu pudu Puma, Costa Rican E Quokka Felis concolor costaricensis E Setonix brachvurus E , Rabbit, Ryukyu Pentalogus furnesi 1 Rabbit, volcano Romerolagus diazi E E Rat, false water Xeromys myoides Rat, stick-nest E ' Leporillus conditor * E Rat, Morro Bay kangaroo Dipodomys heermanni E ( Rat--kangaroo, brush-tailed Bettongia penicillata E Rat--kangaroo. Gaimard's Bettongia gai=ardi E Rat--kangaroo; Lesueur's Bettongia lesueur ' Rat--kangaroo, plain E Calopry=nus campestris E Rat--kangaroo, Queensland Bettongia tropica Rhinoceros, great Indian E Rhinoceros, Javan Rhinoceros unicornis E ~ Rhinoceros, northern white Rhinoceros sondaicus E : Rhinoceros, Sumatran Ceratotherium simum cottoni E Didermoceros sumatrensis- Saki, white-nosed Chiropotes albanasus E : Seal, Caribbean monk E < * Monachus tropicalis Seal, Hawaiian monk E Monachus schauinslandi~ E Seal, Mediterranean monk ' Seledang (=Cuar) Monachus monachus E Serev, Sumatran Bos saurus E Capricornis sumatraensis Serval, Barbary * E , Shapo Felis serval constantina E . Ovis vignei 1hdu E Siamang Cervus elaphus wallichi E Sifakas Symphalangus syndactylus E Propithecus spp. (all species) Sika (deer), Formosan E - Cervus nippon taiouanus , Sika (deer) North China Cervus nippon mandarinus E E Sika (deer), Ryukyu Cervus nippon keramae i Sika (deer), Shansi E - Cervus nippon grassianus , Sika (deer) South China Cervus niopon kopschi E 1 Sloth, Brazilian three-toed E Solenodon, Cuban Bradypus torquatus E Atopogale cubana Solenodon, Haitian E Solenodon paradoxus E f . ~ . . - . - _ . - , _ . _ _ . . . . _ _ . . _ ,-_ _ _. ._ ._ . _ _ ..___... _ . _ .-. _ -_ .. _ ,_ _.- ,... ._ _ .__. .._,_ ,. __ _ ,_ _ , . _ h -6- Scientific ( Status MAMMALS Name o Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula. fox Sciurus niger cinercus E Stag, Barbary Cervus elephus barbarus - E Stag, Kashmir Cervus elephus hanzlu E Suni, Zanzibar Nesotragus moschatus moschatus E Tahr, Arabian Hemitragus jayakari E E Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis Tamarin, golden-rumped Leontideus spp. (all species) E (= golden-headed Tamarin; = golden-lion Marmeset). Tamarin, pied Saguinus bicolor E Tamarin, white-footed Saguinus leuccous T E Tapir, Asian Tapirus indicus E Tapir, Brazilian Tapirus terrestris Tapir, Central American Tapirus bairdi. E Tapirus pinchacuc E Tapir, mountain T Tarsier, Philippine Tarsius syricita E Tiger Panthera tigris Tiger, Tasmanian (=Thylacine) Thylacinus evnocephalus E Uakari (all species) Cacajao spp. (all species) E Ovis orientalis ophion E Urial Vicuna Vicugna vicuena E Wallaby, banded hare Lagos..rochus fasciatus E . Wallaby, brindled nail-tailed Onychogalea frenata E E k Wallaby, crescent nail-tailed Onychogalea lunata Wallaby, Par =a Macrepus par a E Wallaby, Western hare Lagorchestes hirsutus E Wallaby, yellow-footed rock Petrogale xanthepus E E * Whale, blus Balaenoptera musculus o Whale, bovhead Balaet.g mysticetus E o Whale, finback Balaenoptera physalus E E o Whale, gray Eschrichtius robustus E # Whale, humpback Megaptera novaengliae ,' E o Whale, right Bajaena glacialis 6 Whale, Sei Balaenoptera borealis E | o Physeter catodon E Whale, sperm E&T o Wolf, gray Canis luous Wolf, maned Chrysocyon brachyurus E E o Wolf, red Canis rufus Wambat, Barnard's Lasiorhinus barnardi E Wombat, Queensland hairy-nosed Lasiorhinus gillespiei E | E Yak, wild Bos grunniens mucus Zebra, Grevy's Equus grevyi T E Zebra, mountain Equus zebra ' { , , , . - - - -. - - . - - . . , - - --. - _ . . 7_ Scientific l Status BIRDS Name E e Akepa. Hawaii (honeycreeper) Loxoos coccines coccinea Loxops coccines ochraces E o Akeps, >!aui (honeycreeper) E o Aktaloa, Kaui (honeycreeper) ,Hemignathus procerus Hemignathus wilsoni E * 'Akipolaau (horeycreeper) E a Albatross, shoct-tailed Diomedea albatrus 'E * 31ackbird, yellow-shouldered Agelsius xanthomus o Bohwhite, masked (quail) Colinus virginianus ridgwayi E Bo *v. Abbott's Sula abbotti E Dasyomis brachypterus longirostris E t,.... ebira, western Bristlebird, western rufous Daryomis broadbenti littoralis E Bulbul, >1suritius olivaceous Hysipotes borbonicus olivaceus E Bullfinch Sao >!iguel (finch) Pyrrhula pyrrhula murir.a E Bushwren, New Zealand Xenicus longipes E Bustard, great Indian Choriotis nicriceps E Cahow (= Bermuda Petrel) Pterodroma cahow E Condor, Andesn Vultur grvphus E o Condor, California Gymnogvos californianus E a Coot, llavalian Fulica americana alai E Cotinza, banded Cotinaa maculata E c.itinga, white-winged Xipholena atropurpurea E irsac. bl.. k-necked Grus nigricollis E Crinc. Cuba sandhill Grus canadensis nesiotes E tran.. hooded Grus monacha- E Crane. .fapanese Grus japonensis E ( - * C i xic . ?!19aissippi sandhill Grus canadensis oulla E vi r c. Stherian white Grus leucegeranus E .re, white-nsped Grus vipio E * ':anc.' whooping Grus americans E ' Jiverer. !!awaiian Loxops maculata mana E * via crer, Stoloksi (=Kakavahie) Loxops maculata flamrea E * Caecrer. Oahu (=alauvahio) Loxops maculata maculata E * ':r. . . !!awaiian (=alais) Corvus trooicus E :ue'oo-shrikea >tsuritius Coquus (=Coracina) tyoicus E Cudeo-shrike Reunion Coquus (-Coracina) newtoni E Curassow, rs:or-billed Siitu (=Crax) miti mitu E Curassow, red-billed Crax blumenbachii E Curassow, Trinidad, white-headed Pipile pipile pipile E Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Dove, cloven-feathered Drepanoptila holosericea E Dove Cronads Leptotila wellsi E * 'h've . Palau ground Gallicolumba canifrons E * ' ud. llawaiian (=koloa) Anas uvvilliana E * u*.* I.avsan E Anas lavsanensis^ P u '* . pink-headed E Rhodonessa carvoohvilacea^ S n . hite-vinged wood Cairina scutulata E ' 4:e. 'enland White-tailed Haliaeetus albicilla greenlandicus E (i41e.h..py Harpia harpyja E 8 d4 c. l'hilippine (= monkey-eating) Pithecochaga jeffer*?i E * * *i4:e. bald Haliaeetus leucoceohalus E51 ! E !.!d d e . Spanish imperial Aquila heliaca adalberti .; ret . Chinese Egretta eulophotes E ' * ! aleon. American peregrine Falco peregrinus anatum E __ ._ -- - . , ~8- Scientific ( BIRDS Name Status * Falcon, Arctic peregrine Falco peregrinus tundrius E Falcon, Eurasian peregrine Falco peregrinus pereerinus E o Finch, Laysan (honeycreeper) Telespyza (=Psittirostra) cantans E o Finch, Nihoa (honeycreeper) Telespyza (=Psittirostra) ultima E * Flycatcher, Euler's Empidonax euleri johnstonei E o Flycatcher, Palau fantail Rhipidura lepida E Flycatcher, Seychelles paradise Terpsiphone corvina E Flycatcher, Tahiti Pomarea nigra E o Flycatcher, Tinian monarch Monarcha.cakatsukasae E Fody, Seychelles (weaver-finch) Foudia seche11 arum E Frigatebird, Andrew's Fregata andrews1' E o Gallinule, Hawaiian Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis E o Goose, Aleutian Canada Branta canadensis leucopareia E D Goose, Hawaiian (=Nene) Branta sandvicensis E Goshawk, Christmas Island Accipiter fasciatus natalis E Grackle, slender-billed Cassidix palustris E Grasswren, Eyrean (flycatcher) Amytornis goyderi E Grebe, Atitlan Podilymbus gigas E Greenshank, Nordmann's Tringa guttifer E Cuan, horned Oreophasis derbianus E Gull, Audouin's Larus audouinii E Gull, relict Larus relictus E Hawk, Anjouan Island sparrow Accipiter francesii pusillus E Hawk, Galapagos Buteo galapagoensis E o Hawk, Hawaiian (=lo) Buteo Solitarius E Hermit, hook-billed (hu=mingbird) Glaucis (=?.amohodon) dehrnii E o Honeycreeper, crested Palme-1,a dolei E (=akohekohe) Hornbill, helmeted Rhinoplax vigil E Ibis, Japanese crested Nipponia nipeon E Kagu Rhynochetes jubatus E Kakaoo.(= owl-parrot) Strigops habroptilus E Kestrel, Mauritius Falco punctatus E 7 Kestrel, Seychelles Falco araea E ' Kite, Cuba hook-billed Chondrohierax uncinatus wilsonii- E Kite, Grenada hook-billed Chondrohierax uneinseus miras E o Kite, Everglade (snail kite) Rostrhamus sociabilis oljEolus E Kokako (wattlebird) Callaeas cinerea E Mecaw, glaucous Anodorhynchus glaucus E Macaw, indigo Anodorhynchus laari E Macaw, little bl.a Cyanopsitta seik11 E Magpie-robin, Seychelles (thrush) Copsychus sechel'1 arum E Malkhoa, red-faced (cuckoo) Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus E Mallard, Marianas Anas oustaleti E o Megapode, La Perou t's Megacodius laperouse E Megapode, Maleo Macrocephalon =aleo E O Millerbird. Nihoa (willow warbler) Acrocephalus familiaris kingi E o ~ Nukupuu (honeycreeper) Henignathus lucidus E 0 Oo, Kausi (=Co Aa) (honeyeater) Moho braccatus E Ostrich, Arabian Struthio camelus syriacus E Ostrich, West African Struthio camelus spatzi E o Ou (honeycreeper) Psittirostra psittacea E t . _ - _ _ _ - ______- ______- ______--. . -9- Scientific ( Status BIRDS Name Otus rutilus capnodes E Owl, Anjouan scops . E Owl, giant scops Otus gurneyi E o Owl, Palau Otus podargina Owl, Seychelles Otus insularis E Owlet, Mr. Morden's Otus ireneae E E o Palila (honeycreeper) Psittirostra bailleui Parakeet, Forbes' Cyanoramphus auriceps forbesi E Parakeet, golden Aratinga guarouba E Parakeet, golden-shouldered Psephotus chrvsooterygius E (= hooded) E Parakeet, Mauritius Psittacula echo Parakeet, ochre-marked Pyrrhura cruentata E Parakeet, orange-bellied Neophema chrysogaster E Parakeet, paradise Psephotus pulcherri=us E Parakeet, scarlet-chested Neophema splendida E E Parakeet, turquoise night Neophema pulchella E Parrot, Australian C;aosittacus occidentalis Parrot, Bahaman or Cuban A:sazona leucocephala E E Parrot, ground Pezoporus wallicus E Parrot, imperial Amazona i=cerialis E * Parrot, Puerto Rican Amazona vittata Parrot, red-browed Amazona rhodocorytha E Parrot, red-capped Pionopsitta pileata E ( Parrot, red-necked Amazona arausiaca E Parrot, red-spectacled Ametona pretrei pretrei E E Parrot, St. Lucia Amazona versicolor E Parrot, St. Vincent Amazona guildingii E o Parrot, thick-billed Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha Parrot, vinaceous-breasted Amazona vinacea E Freudenestor xanthophrys E * Parrotbill, Maui (honeycreeper) ' E * Pelican, brown Pelecanus occidentalis E Penguin, Galapagos Spheniscus mendiculus , E C Petrel, Hawaiian dark-rumped Pterodroma phaeopycia sandwichensis | E Pheasant, bar tailed Syrmaticus humaie I Tragopan blythii E Pheasant, Blyth's tragopan E Pheasant, brown eared Crossoptilon mantchuricu= Pheasant, Cabot's tragopan Tragopan caboti E Pheasant, Chinese monal Lophophorus lhuvsti E Pheasant, Edward's Lophura edvardsi E Pheasant, Elliot's Syrmaticus ellioti E | Pheasant, imperial Lophura incerialis E Pheasant, Mikado Syrmaticus mikado E E Pheasant, Palawan peacock Polyplectron e=chanum Lophophorus sclateri E I Pheasant, Sclater's monal Pheasant, Swinhoe's Lophura swinhoti E i E Pheasant, western tragopan Tragopan eelanocephalus E - Pheasant, white eared Crossoptilon crossopcilon Columba palumbus azerica E Pigeon, Azores wood E Pigeon, Chatham Island Hemichaga novaaseelandiae chathamen91s | Pigeon, Mindoro zone-tailed Ducula mindorensis E i E * Pigeon, P erto Rican plain Columba inornata uetmorei | Pipile jacutinea E ' Piping-guan, black-fronted t ** ' ------. - - . _ __ 1 . _ . * - 10 - Scientific Status ( Name BIRDS Pitta kochi E Pitta, Koch's E Plover, New Zealand shore Thinornis novaeseelandiae Melamprosops phaeosoma E * Poo-ull E Prairie chicken, Attwater's greater Tympanuchus cupido acewateri o Cyrtonyx monte:umae merriami E Quail, Merriam's Montezuma E- Pharomachrus socinno Queezel, resplendent Rallus pectoralis muelleri E Rail, Aukland Island Rallus longirostrist obsoletus E Rail, California clapper o Rallus longirostris levipes E o Rail, light-footed clapper Tricholimnas_ sylvestris E Rail, Lord Howe wood Rallus longirostris yumanensis E * Rail, Yuma clapper Pterocnemia pennata E Rhea, Darwin's E Petroica travers 1 Robin, Chatham Island E Robin, scarlet-breasted Petroica multicolor multicolor (flycatcher) E Rockfewl, grey-necked Picathartes oreas Picathartes gymnocephalus E Rockfowl, white-necked E Roller, long-tailed ground Uratelornis chimaera E Atrichornis clamosus Scrub bird, noisy Copsychus nizer cebuensis E Shama, Cebu black (thrush) T Shearwater, Newell's Manx Puffinus puffinus newelli ,o Lanius ludovicianus nearnsi E * Shrike, San Clamente loggerhead Carduelis (=Spinus) cucullatus E Siskin, red E , Ammospiza maritima mirabilis k e Sparrow, Cape Sable seaside Ammospira mariti=a nierescens E * Sparrow, dusky seaside Amphispiza belli clemenceae T * ;parrow, San Clemente sage Melospira melodia graminea E * Sparrow, Santa Barbara song Aplonis pelzelni E o Starling, Ponape mountain Leucopsar rothschildi E Scarling, Rothschild's (myna) Himantopus himantoous knudseni E # Stilt, Hawaiian Ciconia ciconia boyciana E Stork, oriental white E Teal, Campbell Island flightless Anas aucklandica nesiotis E Sterna albifrons brovni ' * Tern, California least E Thrasher, white-breasted Ramphocinclus brachyurus Phaeornis obscurus_evadestina E o Thrush, large Kauai E i * Thrush, Molokai (=olomau) Phaeornis obscurus rutha Turnagra capensis_ E Thrush, New Zealand (wattlebird) E Phaeornis palmeri o Thrush, small Kausi (=puaiohi) E Tinamus_ solitarius Tinamou, solitary Cinclocerchia ruficauda gutturalis E Trembler, Martinique brown (thrasher) E Wanderer, plain Pedionomous torcuatue E Vermivora bachmanii o Warbler (wood), Bachman's Dendroica petechia eetechia E Warbler (wood),' Barbados yellow E Dendroica kirtlandii o Warbler (wood), Kirtland's Acrocephalus luscinia E Warbler (willow). Reed E Warbler (willow), Rodriques Bebrornis rodericanus E Leucopera semperi Warbler (wood), Semper's E Warbler (willow), Seychelles Bebrornis sechellensis E , ( Psophodes nigroeularis_ E Whipbird, Western Caprimulgus_ noctitherus * Whip-poor-will, Futrto Rican _ . - 11 - Scientific ( Name Status BIRDS E White-eye, Norfolk Island Zosterops albogularis Rukia longirostra (=sanfordi)_ E o White-eye, Ponape great Zosterops_ modesta E White-eye, Seychelles E Woodpecker, 12?erial Campephilus imperialis Campephilus principalis E o Woodpecker, ivory-billed E " 'igeoides (=Dendrocopos) borealis 0 Woodpecker, red-cockaded E Woodpecker, Tristam's ;4,scujus javensis richardai. 0_;glodytes aedon guadeloupensis E Wren, Guadeloupe house E Wren, St. Lucia house Troglodytes aedon mesoleucus . REPTILES Alligator afssissipotensis E&T 0 Alligator, American Alligator sinensis E Alligator, Chinese E C Anole, Culebra giant Anolis_ roosevelti Epicrates subfisvus E Boa, Jamaican Epicrates monensis monensis T o Boa, Mona Epicrates inornatus E 0 Boa, Puerto Rico E Boa, Round Island (no common name) Casarea dussumieri Bolyeria multocarinata E Boa, Round Island (no common name) Epicrates monensis granti E (- 0 Boa, Virgin Islands tree Caiman crocodilus apaperiensj; E Caiman, Apaporis River E Caiman, black Melanosuchus niger Caiman latirostris E Caiman, broad-snouted Caiman crocodilus yacare E Caiman, Yacare Sauromalus varius E Chuckwalla, San Esteban Island Osteolaemus tetraspis tetrasois E Crocodile, African dwarf E Crocodile, African slender-snouted Crocodylus cataohractus Crocodylus acutus E O Crocodile, American Crocodylus palustria ki=bula E Crocodile, Ceylon mugger Osteolaemus tetraspis osborni E Crocodile, Congo dwarf Crocodylus rhombifer E Crocodile, Cuban Crocodylus_ moreletii_ E Crocodile, Morelet's Crocodylus palustris palustris E Crocodile, mugger Crocodylus niloticus E Crocodile, Nile Crocodylus intermedius _ E Crocodile, Orinoco Crocodylus_novaequinea mindorensis E E Crocodile, Philippine ~ Crocodylus porosus Crocodile, saltwater (= estuarine) Crocodylus siamensis E Crocodile, Siamese Gavialus eangeticus E Gavial (=gharial) E ' Phelsuma newtoni Gecko, day Phelsuma guentheri E Gecko, Round Island day Cyclura cineuis E Iguana, Anegada ground Conolophus onllidus E Iguana, Barrington land Brachylophus fasciatus E E Iguana, Fiji banded Brachylophus_ so T Iguana, Fiji crested Cyclurn stejnegeri * Iguana, Mona ground _.--, . -- .. _ * _ 12 _ Scientific Status Name RE? TILES Crotaphytus silus E a Lizard, blunt-nosed leopard Klauberina riversiana T o Lizard, island night Ameiva polops E a Lizard, St. Croix ground varanus bengalensi1L E Monitor, Bengal Varanus griseus E Monitor, desert varanus komodensis E Monitor, Kouodo Island Varants flavescens E Monitor, yellow Python molurus =olurus E Python, Indian Crotalus villard1_ obscures T , o Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed Nerodia fasciata taeniata T 0 Snake, Atlantic salt marsh Drytarchon corais couceri T C Snake, eastern indigo Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia E 0 Snake, San Francisco garter Batagur baska E Terrapin, river (=Tuncong) Tomistema schlegelii E Tomisto=a Geochelone yniphora E Tortoise, angulated Gopherus flave=arginatus E Tortoise, Bolson Geochelone elephantopus E Tortoise, Calapagos Lisse=ys punctata punctata E Tortoise, Indian flap-shell E Tortoise, radiated Geochelone (=Testudo)_ radiata Sphenodon punctatus E Tuatara Terrapene coahuila E Turtle, aquatic box * Trionyx nigricans E Turtle, black softshell E ( Turtle, Bur =ese oescock Morenia ocellata Trionyx atar E turtle, Cuatro Cienegas softshell Geochelone gecretrics. E Turtle, geometric T&E Turrie, green sea Chelonia tvdas Eretmochelys imbricata E Turtle, hawksbill (=Carey) E Turtle, Indian savback Kachuga tecta tecta Trionyx gangeticus E turtle, Indian softshell E turtle, Kemp's (= Atlantic) Ridley sea Lepidochelys keenii Dermochelys_ coriacea E Turtle, leatherback sea T Caretta caretta Turtle, loggerhead sea Lepidochelys olivacea T&E Turtle, Olive (Pacific) Ridley sea E Turtle, peacock softshell Trionyx hurum Chrysomys (=Pseude=ys)_ E O Turtle, Plymouth red-bellied rubriventris bangsi E Turtle, short-necked or vestern Pseudemy fura u=brina svamp E rurtle, South American river Podoenemis expansa ino common name) E turtle. South American rive,r Podoenesis unifilis ino con =en name) E Geocle==ys (=Damonia)_ ha=iltonii ;urtle, spotted pond E |urtle. three-keeled Asian Geoemyda (=Nicoria) tricarinata . e > - 13 - Scientific ,' Status AMPHI3IANS Name Eleutherodactylus jasperi T o Coqui, golden . Frog, Israel painted Discoglossus nigriventer E Frog, Panamanian golden , Atelopus varius zeteki- E Frog, Stephen Island Leiopelma hamiltoni E Salamander, Chinese giant Andrias davidianus davidianus E E o Salamander, desert slender Batrachoseps aridus Salamander, Japanese giant Andrias davidianus japonicus E o Phaeognathus hubrichti T Salamandar. Red Hills E C Salamander Santa Cru: long-toed Ambystoma macrod_actylum croceum o Salamander. Texas blind Typhyle=olce rathbuni E Toad, African viviparous Nectophrynoides spp. E Toad, Cameroon Bufo superciliaris E o Toad, Houston Bufo houstonensis E Toad, Monte Verde Bufo periglenes E o Treefrog, pine barrens Hyla andersonii E FISHES Ala Balik (trout) Salmo platyeephalus E Ayumodoki (loach) Hymenophysa (=Botia) curta E Prietella phreatophila E ( Blindcat, Mexican o Bonytail, PahranaSat Gila robusta jordani E Bonytonguc, Asian Scleropages tormosus E Catfish (no common nane) Pangasius sanituongsei E Catfish, giant Pangtsianodon cicas E o Cavefish, Alabama Speoplatyrhinus poulseni T 0 Chub, bonytail Cila elegans E o Chub, humpback Gila cypha E O Chub, ibhave Gila mohavensis E o Chub, slender Hyboosis cahni I C Chub, spotfin Hybopsis monacha T Cicek (minnow) Acan''horutilus handlirschi E o Cisco, longjaw Coregonus alpenae E i 0 Cui-ui Chasmistes cujus E C Dace, Kendall Warm Springs Rhinichthys osculus thermalis E o Dace, Moapa Hoapa coriacea E C Darter, bayou Etheostoma rubrum T 0 Darter, fountain Etheostoma fonticola E C Darter, leopard Percina pantherina T C Darter, Maryland Etheostoma sellare E O Darter. Okaloosa Etheostoma okaloosae E o Darter, slackwater Etheostoma boschungi T C Darter, snail Percina_ tanasi E * Darter, watercreas Etheostoma nuchale E o Cambusia, Big Bend Gambusia gaigei E o Gambusia, Clear Creek Gambusia heterochir E * * Gambusia, Goodenough Gambusia amistadensis E * Gambusia, Pecos Cambusia nobilis , -- -- ~_ _ , o - 14 - t Scientific Status Name FISHES Empetrichythys latos E * Killifish, Pahru=p E * Madtom, Scicco Noturus trautmani Noturus flavicinnis T * Madcom, yellowfin Coreobagrus ichikawai E Nekogigi Stizostedian vitreum glaucus E * Pike, blue C',prinodon elegans E * Pup, fish, comanche Springs Cyprinodon diabolis E * Pupfish, Devil's Hole Cyprinodon radiosus E * Pupfish, Owens River Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae E * Pupfish, Tecopa Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis E * Pupfish, Warm Springs Ptychocheilus lucius E * Squawfish, Colorado River E * Stickleback, unarmored threespina Gasterosterus aculeatus williamsoni Acipenser brevirostrum E * Sturgeon, shortnose E Tanakia canato Tarago, Miyaho (Tokyo bitterling) Probarbus jullieni E Temolek, Ikan (minnow) Poeciliopsis occidentalis E * Topminnov, Gila Cynoscion macdonaldi E Totoaba (seatrout or weakfish) Salmo apache T * Trout, Arizona Salmo gilae E *. Trout, Gila T * Trout, greenback cutthroat Salmo clarki stomias_ Salmo clarki henshawi T Trout, Lahontan cutthroat Salmo aguabenita white! T Trout, Little Kern golden * ( ** Salmo clarki seleniris T * Trout, Paiute cutthroat Plagopterus argentissi=us E * Woundfin SNAILS Succinea chittenangoensis T * Snail, Chittenango ovate amber Triodopsis platysayoides T * Snail, flat-spired three-toothed Discus macclintocki E * Snail, Iowa Pleistocene Papustyla pulcherrima E Snail, Manus Island tree T * Snail, noonday Mesodon clarki nantahala Anguispira picta T * Snail, painted snake coiled forest T Orthaticus reses * Snail, Stock Island Polygyriscus virginianus E * Snail, Virginia fringed mocatain . | -- , - - - _ _ -- _ - . . - 15 - Scientific ~ Status Name CLAMS ' Lampsilis viryseens E * Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp Quadrula spare 2 E e Pearly mussel, Appalachian nonkeyface Conradilla caelata E o Pearly mussel, birdwing Villosa (=>tieromya) trabalis E o Pasrly mussel, Cumberland bean E o Pearly mussel, Cumberland Quadrula internedia nonkcyface Epioblas=a (= Dysnomia) E C Pearly mussel, Curtis' florentina curtisi E Dromus dromas e Pearly mussel, dromedary Epioblasma (= Dysnomia) torulosa E * Pearly mussel, green-blossom subenaculum Lampsilis hicginsi E * Pearly mussel, Eiggin's eye Megalonaias nicklineana E Pearly mussel, Nicklin's E Pletho, basis cooperianus c Pearly mussel, orange-footed E o i=Carunculina) Pearly mussel, pale lilliput cylindrella Lampsilis orbiculata E o Pearly mussel, pink mucket Eoioblassa (= Dysnomia) samosoni E o Pearly mussel, Sampson's Cyrtonaias tamoicoensig reco=atensis_ E Pearly mussel. Tampico Epioblasca (= Dysnomia)_ torulosa E- o Pearly mussel, tubercled-blossom torulosa Epioblas=a (= Dysnomia) turgidula E ( * Pearly mussel, turgid-blossom Epioblasma (= Dysnomia) sulcata E C Pearly musse1, white cat's eye delicata Plethobasis_ circatricosus E o Pearly mussel, white wartyback Epiob.'as=a (= Dysnomia) florentina E o Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom florentina Fusconaia cuneolus E o Pigtoe, fine-rayed Pleurobema plenu= E * Pigtoe, rough E Fusconaia edeariana * Pigtoe, shiny Potamilus (=Froptera) cacax E o Pocketbook, fat E o Riffle shell clam, tan Epioblassa walkeri CRUSTACEANS Exosphaerona thermophilus E 0 Isopod, Socorro INSECTS Papilio andraemon bonhotei T 0 Butterfly, Bahama swallowtail Euphilotes (=Shijimiaecides) battoides E * Butterfly, El Segundo blue allvni E Apodemia mor=o lancei * Butterfly, Lange's metalmark Lycaeides arcytocnomen lotis E o Eucterfly, Lotis blue E o Butterfly, mission blue Icaricia icarioides missionensis E , * Butterfly, San Bruno elfin CallophrvsPapilio aristodemus mossii bavensikponcedbus ,,!'1,*] T o Butterfly, Schaus swallowcail Euchilotes_ (=5hij imiaecides t E * Butterfly. Smith's blue enopees smithi I e _ ! : 1. '. ~ , . . ' ' - - 1 - - . . _ . VV - , i - ! - * x ,, , .. M - l - - . %, , , \ b60IW NO. OF PAGES k REASON- O PAGE ILLEGIB1 ] HARD COPY FILED AT: PDR CF OTHER O BETER COP ( REOJESTED ON / / ~ %PAGE 100 LARGE TO FILM. %HARD.COPV FILEDPDR AT: CF f ,x OTHER 0 FILMED ON APERTURE CARD NO E/I/OM /8'#l'OA - - . .. ._ - . . - - _ . _ - _ . _ - . -_. _ _ - . _ ._