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A Laboratory Method for Measuring the Heat Distribution Of A LABORATORY METHOD FOR MEASURING THE HEAT DISTRIBUTION OF LUMINAIRES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR BUILDING HEATING AND COOLING ENERGY SAVING BY Hankun Li Submitted to the graduate degree program in Architectural Engineering and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Hongyi Cai ________________________________ Dr. Brian A. Rock ________________________________ Dr. Xianglin Li Date Defended: The Thesis Committee for Hankun Li certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: A LABORATORY METHOD FOR MEASURING THE HEAT DISTRIBUTION OF LUMINAIRES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR BUILDING HEATING AND COOLING ENERGY SAVING ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Hongyi Cai Date approved: << ii ABSTRACT This study was aimed to explore the energy saving potential of a new system architecture of solid-state lighting fixtures that was designed to help utilize the heat generated by LEDs for spacing heating in heating season and re-heating in cooling season. The new system architecture, which deploys an innovation of integrative light and heat arrangement in low profile, helps harvest the LED heat and direct most of the heat to the room space while minimizing heat leakage to the ceiling cavity. A well-designed laboratory experiment was carried out in a newly developed Calorimeter chamber that was used to find out heat distribution of luminaires in the conditioned room cavity and ceiling plenum, followed by an estimation of potential energy savings via computer simulation in Energy Plus. A typical primary elementary school classroom was used in this computer simulation equipped with LED fixtures with different heat distribution patterns. It was found that in heating season, the building space heating energy consumption could be reduced as the ‘conditioned space/ceiling plenum split’ increased. While in cooling season, the LED heat gain in the conditioned room could be utilized to warm up the chilled supply air to supplement the function of reheating system. The new system architecture of LED fixtures with integrative lighting and heating arrangement could save 4.4%-4.7% of annual building heating and cooling energy uses by reducing reheating energy consumption in cooling season and space heating energy consumption in heating season. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, many thanks to Dr. Hongyi Cai, the chairperson of my committee, for his guidance of my master program through past three semesters at the University of Kansas. I have learned how to be a responsible researcher and benefited a lot from his instructions. Also, I must extend my thanks to my committee members, Dr. Xianglin Li and Dr. Brian Rock, who provided valuable academic supports to my thesis. Thanks to Faran Mahlab, Reid M. Poling, Habib Arjmand Mazidi and Rui Cao for helping me with my pilot study experiments and cold-room experiments. Another big thank to Simon Diederich, who built the calorimeter and his Master’s thesis provided technical supports to the experiment stage of my thesis. Finally, I must thank my parents for providing me unconditional supports throughout my Master’s degree study at the University of Kansas. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Thermal Performance of LED luminaires .................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Energy Plus Simulations .............................................................................................. 7 1.1.3 Research Problem ....................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Research Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................... 11 CHPATER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................16 2.1 Heat gains from space lighting ................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Calorimeters ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.3 Reheat systems ......................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................23 3.1 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................... 23 3.1.1 The calculation of Heating power and its distribution ......................................... 23 3.1.2 Research assumptions ......................................................................................... 27 3.2 Pilot Study ............................................................................................................................... 31 3.2.1 Darkroom experiments ........................................................................................ 31 3.2.2 Data treatments and results .................................................................................. 35 3.2.3 Recommended improvements for formal experiment ........................................ 38 v 3.3 Experiments in the Cold Room ............................................................................................... 39 3.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 39 3.3.2 Calibration ........................................................................................................... 43 3.3.3 Formal Experiments and results........................................................................... 48 3.4 Computer-Aided simulation .................................................................................................... 53 3.4.1 Designs of Energy-plus simulation ...................................................................... 53 3.4.2 Introduction to the modeling with the integrated lighting arrangement design ... 56 3.4.3 Results of Energy Plus simulation ....................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS .....................................................................61 4.1 Case 1: the surface mounted prototype LED luminaire vs. the ceiling recessed prototype LED luminaire .................................................................................................. 61 4.2 Case 2: the ceiling recessed prototype LED luminaire vs. a commercial ceiling recessed LED luminaire ........................................................................................................................... 62 4.3 Case 3: the surface mounted prototype LED luminaire vs. a commercial ceiling recessed LED luminaire ........................................................................................................................... 63 4.4 Case 4: the ceiling recessed prototype LED with energy saving design and assumptions ...... 64 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS .................................................................67 5.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 67 5.2 Discussions .............................................................................................................................. 70 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................72 APPENDIX Calculation sheet of the heating power of the tested LED luminaires in the Calorimeter..... 74 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Fractions of selected overhead fluorescent luminaires ...................................................19 Table 2 Configurations of 10 selected LED luminaires’ tests in pilot study ................................32 Table 3 Calculation sheet of heating power of tested luminaires .................................................35 Table 4 Results from “dark room” experiments............................................................................37 Table 5 Results of the cartridge heater tests in the Calorimeter....................................................46 Table 6 Guidelines of acceptable room temperature ....................................................................49 Table 7 “Cold room” luminaire tests configurations ....................................................................49
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