ANNUAL REPORT

COVERING MI LIT ARY ACTIVITIES

OF THE ·

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1926

SUBMITTED BY MAJOR GENERAL EDGAR JADWIN

CHIEF OF ENGINEERS

TO THE

SECRET ARY OF WAR Copy of Annual Beport, Chief of Engineers, P.y. 1926.

KILITARY DIVISIOH WAR DEPARTMENT Office of the Chief of Engineers C. of E. 519.12 A Washington September 8, 1926.

Subject: Annual Report.

fo: THE ADJUTANT GENERAL.

1. There is inclosed herewith annual report of the Chief of Engineers for the fiscal year 1926. It was thought advisable as a matter of convenience on account of the length of tho report to place the recommendations at the beginning of the report instead of at the end and follow these recommendations by statement of reasons in the body of the report.

2. A synopsis for press release is also inclosed.

For the Chief of Engineers;

R. C. Moore, Major, Corps of Engineers, Chief, Military Division.

2 Inclosures. Annual Report in duplicate, Syn. Press Release in " ANMJAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF EESINEERS.

(Military Activities only).

The Military activities in the Office of the Chief of Engineers are handled 135; the Military Division consisting of the personnel, Intel¬ ligence, Operations and Training, Supply, and Construction Sections. They include not only those common to other combat branches, but also technical and supply activities.

The organization of the Corps of Engineers of' the Regular estab¬ lishment remained as given in the last annual report.

.RECQMMSKDATIONS.

Steps should be taken to offer better inducements to the efficient junior officers of. the Army to remain in the service by such means as increasing their prospects of promotion through extending promotion by selection to the grade of colonel, increasing the pay of the junior grades and graduated retirement on less than forty years service for the most efficient officers.

Procurement of officers for the Corps of Engineers should be on a basis which will care for ail losses and bring the branch up to its , allotted strength.

Present indications are that this procurement can probably best be accomplished by new appointments rather than by transfers in higher grades. In making initial assignments to the Corps of Engineers' from the graduates of the U.S, Military Academy, and from civil life, the normal quota allotted to the Chief of Engineers should be increased in the future So that the full authorized strength of the Corps of Engineers may be reached within five years.

The annual examination for men to be commissioned in the regular army from civil life after the graduation"of the class at the U.S. Military Academy should be held in the early part of each calendar year. The various allotments to the combat branches of those to be commissioned from civil life should be determined before the examination is held. Engineering graduates of schools where there are Reserve Officers Train¬ ing Corps Units should be exempted from parts I and II of the mental examination, provided their standing in their class is sufficiently high and they are recommended, by officers on duty at the school and by the Dean of Engineering,

Sufficient appropriations should be made under the Temple Act to complete the mapping of the critical areas of. the country. On account of the importance of topographical training to all classes of Engineer troops, the Corps of Engineers should be given its share of the labor,

-l- and should receive its share of the allotments tinder Temple Act appro¬ priations. In this connection, attention is invited to the necessity oi increased subsistence allowance for surveyors, back of funds for this purpose for the fiscal year 1927 is, at present, a grave handicap.

Increased funds for military mapping are needed to provide fire control maps for training’ purposes.

In carrying on .'aerial' surveying., the effort should bo to secure a rapid and successful method of combining aerial and terrestrial sur¬ veying for use in a theatre of military operations.

In developing map reproduction apparatus, the effort should be to secure more rapid methods for use in war,

■ This office believes, in the interest of the reserve organizations, that the reserves should be divided into active and inactive groups and that the assignment of reserve officers thereto be dependent upon the interest shown by individual reserve officers in military affairs.

Attention has been called in past annual reports submitted by this office ta the unsatisfactory conditions which..exist in some Corps Areas with reference to adequate training of Engineer Reserve Units. At the present time, Regular Army Engineer organizations are assigned to the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 7th, 8th, and 9th Corps Areas. There are no Engineer regular organizations in the 1st, 5th and 6th Corps Areas, and there is only one Company of Engineer troops available in each of the 4th and 7th Corps Areas, In order to provide adequately for Engineer units in the north central part of the United States, one Battalion of Engineers shoul be stationed in the vicinity of upper Mississippi Valley.

It is again recommended that the control of the Reserve Officers Training Corps be placed under the Chief of Branches, as in the case of the Special Service Schools, and coordinated by the General Staff. A Chief of Branch is vitally interested in the production of Reserve Offic¬ ers for his branch. He is an the best position to know what training, his Reserve Officers Training Corps units should have and the way in which it should be condticted. He is also in the best position to co¬ ordinate the work of his units. Reserve Officers Training Corps units are not equally distributed between the Corps Areas; for example, there are five Engineer units in the III Corps Area, against none in the II Corps Area, as noted above. The problem of producing engineer officers is a national, and special, one. '

Ho increase in the total, number of Engineer units is desired, but rather a'decrease and a better distribution by Corps: Areas. This can be effected by the withdrawal of five weak units and the subsequent estab¬ lishment of two, or at most, three new ones, and it is so recommended.

Additional, funds for the operation of the procurement districts, covering the hire of clerks, office rental and the necessary telephone service and office supplies should be appropriated.

-2- (Che War Beservo' authorized for .one million men should "be built up at the rate of ten per cent per annum.

In order to avoid the serious shortage of Engineer equipment and supplies ||120,000 annually should be expended for the replacement of stocks.

A revised general 'fortification project should be presented to Congress for approval which will place our harbor defenses in a proper condition to ward off naval attacks against our cities and naval bases. Appropriations may then be secured in accordance with the financial situation without further argument as to their- necessity.

Amounts needed to initiate a general revival of the project for installation of 16-inch guns along commercial linos are stated in the • body of the report. It is urged that due consideration be given to the necessity of providing these funds in the established order of priority. Piecemeal appropriations should be avoided. ■

Funds should be provided annually for the preservation and repair of fortifications and their accessories in. sufficient amounts to prevent such deterioration as will eventually necessitate a greater outlay of money to remedy, . ■

(The procurement of searchlights should be greatly increased to keep ■pace with the development of.aircraft and anti-aircraft and to insure some baais for expansion in event of war. ■ ■ 1

-3- PERSONNEL

Commissioned Personne 1

At the beginning of the. fiscal year the commissioned strength of the Corps of Engineers was 514. To this number have been added 14 from the United States Military Academy and 6 by transfer from other branches,

The losses amounted to 19 by resignations, 3 by retirement, l by transfer, l by dishonorable discharge, 1 by physical disqualification, t allotted to the Corps of Engineers but not commissioned, leaving the strength at the end of the year 508.

These officers were assigned to duty during the greater part • of the year as follows:

Chief of Engineers in command of the Engineer Department e t c. o 1

Assistant Chief of Engineers...... • 9 O O 6

Corps Areas and Assistants,. 0 0 « 0 > oooe-oooeoc 11

Department Engineers...... > © e o © 4

General Staff...... 6. o .o 6 o o o o c e « o >060**060 6 000) 6

General Staff with troops...... le 00oeeoo0««B' o o o o o o i 2

With troops in the United States,... O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OOO0O00O000O00O 120

'With troops in tho Philippines> 0 0 0 0 0) O 0 0 O 0 , 000009000000 13

With troops in Hawaii..., 0 O 0 O 0 0 O I O900O0OO0O00 26

With troops in Panama.... • O O e < 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0 O o O 9 0 o 0 9 0 0 0 25

U. S. Army Forces in ChinaU t 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 1

Air Service..... 0 6 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 3

National Guard.. 0 0 0 0 0 >9 9 0 0 0 01 OOOOOOOOOOOl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 6 0 0 16

Ecole de Guerre. o o o o 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Army War College, Washington, D. C 00000 9 0 0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 6 0 5

Army Industrial College, Washington, D. C 00099000 0 0 6 0 0 2

Command & General Staff School, Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 10

Staff and Faculty, Engineer School, Ft. Humphreys, Virginia 6 0 0 0 0 18

Students, Engineer School, Ft. Humphreys, Virginia...... 0 6 0 0 0 20

Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,...... 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 13

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass 099090006 O < 2

United States Military Academy 09090000 000000000009 19

Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia..... O O « 0 0 1 0 9 0 0 0 2

Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma 0 0 9 0 6 0 0' 9 0 0 0 0 i

On duty with Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 0 6 0 0 38

Rivers, Harbors, Fortification, and Organised Reserve<0 0 0 9 0 0' 0 0 0 0 9 84

Public Buildings & Public parks in the National Capital. 0 6 6 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 6 0 3

Government of the District of Columbia 9009900000060 9 0 0*0 4

Panama Canal Civil Government, >0000000409000 000009*000900 0 0 0 9 0 3

Alaska Road Commission and. River and Harbor duty, Alaska. 0 9 9 D 0 O O 9 4

On duty with Federal Power Commission 0000060*000 0*069 3

American Battle Monuments Commission. 09000060) 0 6 6*6 l On duty under Assistant Secretary of War...... 4

D©pO t Sllpply OffiCerS. o. oe.oa. ... 0...o..«.o...o o.oo oooo.oe ... o.o 3 Engineer Reproduction Plant...... • 3 M I 11 tary Aide 'to the Pres ido nt ...... vo...... 1 M. 1 lit la Bur e aU.o O9.a.ooo.s».oo. .•««<>. ...«,*o.. e.oo.o. 1 Aeriat Mapprhg, MCGook Fields Ohio 4 . 2 EaV a1 War Ooliege..0'«.o9ooeo.«oo.«e6ea«4>.0oa.oao...... 4. £.... 1 Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission.. * 1

Organized BeSSTYSS.#!•«.(.. .. .o*.....oo ...... o. 2 Total. 489

Strength

The authorized strength of the Corps of Engineers during the fiscal year was 560, leaving 52 vacancies at the close of the fiscal year. Of all the officers commissioned in the Corps of Engineers, approximately 31 per cent have had ten (10) years experience as com¬ missioned officers. Due to the expansion of the Organized Reserves, the National Guard and other activities, the demands for commissioned personnel made on the Corps of Engineers have Been steadily increasing until at the present time great difficulty is Being experienced in furn¬ ishing suitable Engineer Officers to meet these demands.

Procurement

The Corps of Engineers has a shortage in tho grades from Colonel to Captain inclusive, and has a surplus in First and Second Lieutenants. The-Chief of Engineers on the suggestion of the War Department is attempt¬ ing to fill vacancies in the grade of Major and'Captain By •transfer's from other.branches of the service. Information to that effect was published- to the service in Cirouiar 23, War Department, April 13, 1926. The experience gained since this circular was'published shows that it is very doubtful whether this method of filling the higher grades of the Corps of Engineers will be successful. Failing in this, it is most important that, additional officers, beyond the normal quota, should be assigned to the Corps of Engineers from the U.S.M.A, and those-com¬ missioned from civil life. . The ..duties of. the Corps of Engineers have been increased since the World War and the shortage in personnel should be eliminated as soon as possible. The lack of officers in the Corps of Engineers shows more on construction work than on other assignments. Our officers must be trained for at least 4 years before they can be placed in responsible positions on construction work. ■ The rate of train¬ ing the junior officers on construction work is below normal at present and the only way to increase the number of officers receiving training is to eliminate, the shortage.in personnel.

Steps should be taken to hold the.annual examination-for tho commissioning of applicants in tho regular army from civil life, approxi¬ mately in January of each year. If the examination is held at this early date, it should be possible to commission these officers immedi¬ ately following each West Point class and order them to active duty in

-5- the "beginning of"the summer* The present method of requiring a candidate to take an examination in one subject only is not a thorough measure of the applicant's .ability .and..qualifications, and often dis¬ courages promising young men. Seniors who stand high enough in their class should b'e exempted from all examinations. This procedure would enable the Army to compete' on a more equal basis with large civilian concern's','who send representatives to the large schools each year for the purpose of employing the best men, immediately following graduation. Each of the combat branches should be given a definite allotment of the officers from' civil life before the time of holding the examinations, This would enable each Chief of Branch to secure the best men in their B.O.T.C. units. It has been the experience in the past that these university graduates take a temporary position in civil life for the summer months and when the time comes for them to report to their first

station, they have lost interest in an .Army career andvdecided not to enter the'Army.

ENLISTED PERSONNEL

The'total enlisted strength in the Engineer units ’at the begin¬ ning of the fiscal year was 4,448, ..and' at the close of' the fiscal year

the total strength was 4,667, lire hiding. 52.9(.Philippine Scouts, of whom 1,699 were on duty in our 'Insular Possessions.'

OFFICER RESERVES

At the beginning of the fiscal year ...there were 6279' Reserve Officers commissioned in ..the Engineer Section,' Of fleers' Reserve Corps. The losses during the year due to death, resignation, discharge,'-because of inability to lpcate, declination add. non-acceptance of reappointment, and other cause's, have amounted to 280,.’ There were'. 11,5 promotions made during, the year'. The number of' graduates "from technical institutions ' receiving, commissions as Second Lieutenant, Corps of Engineers Reserve, during the year was 346; of this number 308 have, accepted, appointment,. In addition to the foregoing, 44 have been recommended, for ’commission as Second' Lieutenant but owing to’ not" being of age at .the time of .gradu¬ ation, have'not been appointed. There were also 43 who received commis¬ sions as Second Lieutenant oh the'completion of their course from the R.O.T.C. Units located'at the.different summer camps. From other sources, 417 were appointed, making a net.gain of 526 .during the current fiscal year, or a' fotal of 6,805". at the close of'the'year.

ENLISTED RESERVES ' : " " . ■ . "

Special Regulations .48 "Regulations for. the. Engineer Reserve Corps" provide that control of enlistments, etc.,,, of men in the. Enlisted Reserve Corps be vested'in the' Corps Area Commander, Approximately 340 enlisted men were carried in the Engineer Enlisted. Reserve Corps through¬ out the Corps Areas during the ' last fiscal year. '

: . ' ■ ;'. ■ -e-...' v' ■ .. . ■ " :; ; •INTELLIGENCE ' MILITARY SURVEYS AMP MAPS

MISSION

The Chief of Engineers, tinder the general supervision of the Secretary of -War, is charged with’the preparation of projects for military 'map. work, including cooperation with other public and private mapping agencies, andwith preparations for carrying out such map work as may be necessary in connection with prospective military operations, the Chief of Engineers is also charged with the supervision of the tech¬ nical details of surveys made under War Department projects or orders for- military map work, and with the production for distribution, the procurement (except from foreign sources), and the distribution of maps required by the War Department for its studies, as well as for the' operations,, training, and maneuvers of the Army; Under A.R. 100-15, the development’ of military surveying and map making equipment is a function of the Corps of. Engineers; • -

ORGANIZATION AND’ EXaC-UTION

The Chief of Engineers directly supervises the technical work of the Engineer Reproduction Plant-at Washington Barracks', He cooperates with the Office, Chief of Air Service as regards aerial photograph pro¬ jects and development and maintains liaison with the U. S, Geological Survey under the. Inter-departmental Agreement of 1920, with the Bureau of Public Roads, Department' of Agriculture, under instructions of the Chief of Staff dated August 8,' 1922 and with the American Railway Association,: Similar liaison, but without'specific instructions, is maintained with other federal agencies engaged in survey or map'work.

The Corps of Engineers is represented on the Federal Board of Surveys and Maps,' created by Executive Order-in December, 1919, for the purpose of coordinating map work of the Government agencies, preventing duplication of -work, and taking steps to expedite the completion of the topographic map of the United States.

The conduct of map'work by the military forces' is under the direc tion of the Corps Area and territorial departments, while the'Chief of Engineers exercises supervision of the technical details through the Corps. Area and Department Engineers, In the preparation of' tactical maps in tlie Continental United States, work by troops oonsists of original field work in areas of particular importance for which Geological■Survey sheets have not been prepared, the revision of selected Geological Sur¬ vey sheets, and the preparation of fire control and training maps.

MAP CLASSIFICATION : -

The base maps required for the use of the Army vary from geo¬ graphic maps of scale l:7i,000,000 to the detailed topographic maps of scale l;20,000 which are needed in areas of particular strategic import ance and around training centers. The permanent system of topographic

7- maps necessary lor the use of the Army which also forms the basis for the smaller scale maps, or those' for special purposes, may he divided into two main divisions:

Tactical mans, which are intended eventually to furnish-a complete strategic, map of the entire area of the United States and its posses¬ sions, All funds available to the War Department for this purpose have been used to develop the work progressively, beginning in areas of greatest strategic importance. The base maps used for this work in Con¬ tinental United States are the standard United States Geological Survey topographic at las sheets, or maps similar thereto. Such sheets are made of particular military value by the addition of certain’data not origin¬ ally shown on the older sheets of the Geological Survey. The, scale of these maps is, generally 1:62,500 (about l inch equals 1 mile). In cer¬ tain areas, however, the scale, is smaller. There will eventually be some 14,000 of these 15-minute quadrangle sheets covering the area of Conti¬ nental United States, approximately 45 percent of which have been pub¬ lished by the Geological-Survey or the Corps of Engineers. The completion of this map work will be of value not only in the national defense but in the commercial and industrial development of the country. The coopera¬ tion of the Geological Survey upon this work has been used wherever possible, and with such military funds as could.be made available.

The tactical maps as now published by the War,Department may be grouped into three classes, depending upon the methods used in.their preparation (a) instrumentaily ’’surveyed sheets"; (b) (^controlled recon¬ naissance, sheets" prepared when time, personnel, and equipment are not available,.to prepare the surveyed sheets; .and (c) "compiled sheets" prepared by .office methods, from all available data and issued as "advance sheets".' 'The two latter means of. preparing maps are adopted only in emergency, but will serve the purpose of producing some map of territory which it has not been possible to survey accurately.

Fire control and training mans are large.seaLe maps (usually 1:20,000) intended for areas immediately surrounding important, seacoast defenses, critical commercial area,s, and training centers.' In the latter case, the necessary expenditures are, where possible, paid from such funds as are available for. the training of troops.. These naps are accurate surveys made in considerable detail and correspond, to the "plans directeurs" used on the western front in the World War. This class of maps is.necessitated by modern development.in methods of artillery fire.and the defense of fortified positions, the principal features being the reliable accuracy of numerous topographic and. cultural features, with respect to an accurate quadrillage. .

GEHSRAL PBOGBBSS

Appropriations for the work outlined herein have, since 1915 been as follows; ..... ;

Topographic maps, War Department, 1917 (sundry civil, July l. ’1916) - ' $ 55,000.

-8- Military Surveys and Maps- -■< . . ' -Army Act 4 May 12, .191? $200,000 .Deficiency Act, Oct...6, 1917.. . , 500,000 Array Act, July 9, 1918 ' , 850,000 Array Act, July 11, 1919 ... 200,000 Array Act, June'.5, 1920 = ■ . >' ■ 100,000 Array Act, June. 3.0,-. 1921 . > 25,000 War Dept. Appn. Act, June 50, 1922 • " • 25,000 War Dept, Appn. .Act, March 2, 1925. • . .25,000 ■War Dept. Appn.. Act, June 7, 1924 - 25,000 • War Dept. Appn. Act,•February-12, 1925 52,600 ■ War Dept. Appn. Act', April 15, 1926 • 50,000

. . ■ : ■■''■. .. . ■ . 6, The- appropriation approved February 12, 19.25 (for F. Y. 1925) carried an item for increased, compensation and provision-for advancing the Military Survey of Panama. In addition to these increases, the Chief of Engineers: by .rigid economy was able,.-as -shown be low, to provide for. a map reproduction plant in Oahu, to- carry on the. Harriraan contract ..for special maps, and to support limited experimental work in modern surveying methods. -.The new (F, Y. 1927)•.appropriation-item was written to include the allotment'for the Engineer.,-Reproduction- Plant previously carried under the item Engineer Operations in the- Field,. Phis apparent increase of $55,000, which in fact was only a transfer from one item to another, raised the total figure to $87,600 on the same basis as F.Y. 1926. This estimate was reduced in the budget finally submitted to Congress to $80,000, making it necessary for the Chief of Engineers to curtail opera¬ tions under Military Surveys'and Maps for the new .fiscal year (192?) by approximately ten .'percent-. . •

. -For many.years-the Chief of Engineers has urged the adoption of a policy to guarantee the completion of, .a topographical survey of the United States, especially along-the.borders, and covering areas of . approach to our. vital industrial centers.;. .Such a po lic:y was approved in principle, by an act passed.by the.second session of the 68th. Congress and .known' as .-the .Temple .Project, ■ It authorizes the completion of a general topographic-map .of the United States within twenty years, and, per¬ mits the .President to -use. any. agencies .then existing or. later created for the work on which cooperation by state or other civic organizations may¬ be employed. While the. greater part of. this project is intended to be carried out by the U, S. Geological Survey and the U. S, Coast and Geo¬ detic Survey, agreement has. been reached.whereby the Corps of Engineers may participate to the full extent that its military personnel can be made availablei If•the necessary funds are appropriated by Congress under the-Temple project,, the Chief 0% Engineers .should be able to Qarry out the: survey of certain important areas,;.as well as to continue the employment of military personnel in,modern .survey .practice, as_ stated be low under "Aerial, survey, development*’. . However,, it is doubtful if . in¬ creased appropriations will-be made: available, by .Congress under the . Temple'Act in the. immediate 'future.;, .The Chief, of, Engineers, f.eels there¬ fore that he must plan to- fill-as well as possible the War Department’s needs for tactical maps-.in the .future, -as. he Has in the past.- Military funds must accordingly be. made.: to -cover tactica,i; map (1*62,500) produc¬ tion for the United States as well ars for the overseas possessions, fire

-9- control and training maps, the replenishment of map stocks of which the Army is the only source of public supply, rdptine map procurement and finally the important development of aerial surveying and field repro¬ duction of maps. ' ’

She insert map of ■Continental United States shows the mapping operations performed by, or under the supervision of the Corps of Engin¬ eers, to July l, 1926. It includes not only military surveys, most of which are of general utility value, but also river and harbor surveys without which reliable reports and efficient improvement could not be made, and air navigation charts prepared for the Army-Air Service. Work performed by the U. S. Geological Survey under specifications of the Chief of Engineers and for funds allotted by him, is shown by proper symbol.- While many of the areas covered by :the older military surveys, have since been resurveyed on larger scales or revised by the Geological Survey, the original maps nevertheless were highly valuable in that they were the only reliable topographic data then available and, in many cases, for considerable lengths of time.'

The area's surveyed in our overseas possessions and in Panama, as described elsewhere in this report are not, for reasons of public policy,''reported in graphic-form. • '

■ TOMLIN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES

The mapping operations in the Continental United States, with the exception of experimental work by the 29th Engineers, have been centered in the Eighth Corps Area, where 736 square miles of topographic mapping assisted by 536 square miles of aerial mosaics has- been accom¬ plished, resulting in the issue of three Special Military Maps, nine fifteen-minute-quadrangles and'the revision of fourteen fifteen-minute quadrangles.- Special Military Maps' were- also prepared of Bye Beach, New Hampshire, Port -Brady, Michigan, Target Bangs and the Plattsmouth, Nebraska, Target Bange,’ for" summer training purposes, partial topograph¬ ic and, boundary surveys'were made of the reservations of Camp McClellan, Alabama, Del Monte,’• California, and Fois|, Leavenworth, kansss. '

No work was accomplished on any of the Eire Control Maps.

' ' ' " " ' PANAMA CANAL DEPARTMENT '

The-'nresent'•pro.ieot for the Military'Survey of Panama was approved by the War Department June 9, 1924. It provides for (a) an instrumental ■ survey of certain areas covered by'the defense plans' of the Panama-Canal, to be published on the scales of- 1:20,000 and 1:62,500; (b) a controlled aerial-reconnaissance survey extending eastward to include the Mandinga'Bay and Bio Cardi area and'westward to include the Bio Cocole de Norto, the trail'across the • divide ■via Penanoma to the , mouth of the Bio Grande to be- published on the’ scale'l;62,500. The areas invoIved are for (a)' 2030 square miles and for (b) 4900 square miles. During the fiscal year,•about 116- square miles were mapped instrumentally.

-10- -- ... mt.- mr:t ...... ,.. ,.. ...

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LEGEND

MILITARY MAPS

INSTRUMENTAL

I COMPILATION

INDEX OF 0 WORK DONE ON U.S. G. S. BA~E l -I ,.. MAPPING OPERATIONS SURVEfED BYUS. GS FOR WAR DEPARTV.ENT I WITHIN THE CONTINENTAL LIMITS AIR NAVIGATION CHARTS -+,. f- OF THE ' C 1-01 UNITED STATES -\- - NON-MILITARY MAf'.S ..--- r ·:-1 BY THE ~­ INSTRUMENTAL CORPS OF ENGINEERS ~--- COMPILATION AND RECONNAISSANCE I -t--1- -+-- ~'I I ' I I TO Q HARBOR SURVEv~ I I JULY l. 1926 WORK DONE DURING FISCAL YEAR 1926 SHOWN BY HEAVY lJNES ~--,L -- -+ -- 1 -+ l -L-- J_ - -~--'---- l - _[_ ~ - ---l. - - __I. .... "" ...... -~ ~--- ~ - _J

ENGINEER f

Surveys were continued on the Bataan Peninsula "by Engineer troops. The result of the field work for the seasons 1924-6 are "being transferred to projection sheets. Maps of the two-inch survey of Luzon are being retraced with the addition of the 1,000 yard grid.

HAWAIIAN DEPARTMENT

The hydrographic survey of inner waters surrounding Oahu was continued by an officer of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in cooperation with the Department Engineer.

UNITED STATES LAKE SURVEY

The facilities of the United States Lake Survey have been utilized for the reproduction of military maps; principally those of the Island of Luzon.. The military maps of Luzon are reproduced in three colors to the scale of 1 inch to the mile, and in sheets covering 20 minutes by 20. minutes. During the year, two sheets were'Completed and work is in progress on the last sheet of this series, which it is expected will be completed during the coming fiscal year.

"ENGINEER REPRODUCTION PLANT

For the reproduction of lithographic, photographic relief modeling, drafting and photo engraving, there has been equipped and established at Washington Barracks the Engineer Reproduction Plant. Instruction of officers and enlisted men is carried on in connection with this work.

The basic allotment of funds for the operation of this plant was small and has been made from the appropriations for Military Surveys and Maps and Engineer Operations in the Field. The extensive operations of the plant have been accomplished on the basis cSf reimbursement of work for other Government Bureaus and Departments, Such work has -been done at lower prices than those obtained from commercial concerns, thereby effecting a considerable saving to the Government. .

The following statement shows the amount of work completed during the"year*

Mans' ' , 299,476;- Relief maps 30 Photos . ... . 5,846 Photostats . .: . . 855 Lantern Slides . 947 Maps mounted ■ " . ' . ■ . " 1,356 Plates regrained " !. . . ■ ■ . .6, 697 Lithos , . . 3,846,847

11- Progress in aerial sav-veying Gave lopmenc has Peer node. m one ex per indent e Lwoi'fc for rapid/ ground control by Baking use of aerial •photographs. Tests’ in night triangulation work were continued with vertical searchlights as targets. Equipment of new design has '/been secured for further tests in actual' topographic operations. This work lias been conducted by the 29th Engineers stationed at Fort Humphreys, Ya. This' experimental work has resulted in mapping by aerial photographic methods with searchlight control of the QuantiGO Quadrangle and partial completion of the GaIverton and Thoroughfare Gap Quadrangles, Coopera¬ tion of the- Air Service'was obtained in taking the aerial photographs of; .the'-latter two quadrangles. In connection with these ope rat ions, there was also carried on a partial revision of the 1:20,000 map of Fort Humphreys, Ya,

GEOGRAPHIC IKDEX SiSTZLi

; Operations under the Harriman contract mentioned in the report for 'Fiscal "Tear 1.925 were continued, preliminary atlas sheets were received for'all of the United States except a few border areas, data for. which have been obtained. Copies have been placed in the. hands of Corps Area’Engineers for highway data, District Engineers for water-- ■ways data, and the American Railway Association for railroad data, on ail of which satisfactory progress is being made. Data on airway infor¬ mation are being obtained in the War Department where verification of ail military posts, stations,'••depot's- and camps is 'checked on the proper sheet. Work on the completed atlas sheets on the Albers Equal area projection will be started, showing the four classes of transportation facilities above -mentioned, together 'with, index number and data for ail names shown, The Training Regulations on this Index' System have been drafted for official approval. ’ ■

©piiifi iiTiiusiioi; '

Engineer Intelligence includes three interrelated subjects;• Intelligence, historical records and' library,. The first of.these requires the procurement, ‘collation and dissemination.of information o.f engineering data, methods in civilian practice and developments in engineering, data relating to the Engineer service in our own and foreign armies and matters of interest to the Army at large. The greater part of this information is obtained through the Military Intelligence Divi¬ sion, General Staff, through' its Military Attaches abroad, and through the Engineer Department. This information is disseminated through interested channels, -

The historical records consist of a large number of documents pertaining to the history of the Engineer service, from its inception and those relating to the engineer operations of the American Expeditionary Forces. These records include tracings, photographs, statistics and data of great value to the Army obtained as a result- of operations in the World War, which- material, primarily of a- technical nature, has been

-12- classified and indexed for reference. In this connection, liaison has heen maintained with the Historical Section of the Army Y/ar College, which has custody of historical records' of troop units.

'®ie- library in this off ice contains a number of volumes for immediate reference, and may be considered a Branch of the Engineer School Library at Washington Barracks, D. C. ' Other books requested are obtained on request at Washington Barracks, A function of this refer¬ ence library is the custody and distribution of Military publications of the Corps of Engineers, as well as Military Publications of the Service at large, as are of interest to it. Efficient coordination is obtained through the Chief of the' Intelligence Section, acting as Officer in Charge of the Engineer School Library,

13- OPERATIONS AND TRAIITING ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT

•' ORGANIZATION ' .

Units. She re is given below a List of the Engineer Organi¬ zations of the Regular Army which were on’ the active List at the begin¬ ning, of the.fiscal year ending June 30, 1926; together with a. brief statement of the duties, stations and dispositions made of the units during the year.

First -Engineers. (Combat). Assigned to the 1st Division. Enlisted strength, 554, authorized strength, 650. Major John J. King- man, C.O. •

Stations.

Regiment, (less Hqts. 1st Bn. and Cos. A and B), Fort DuPont, Dei. Hqts. 1st Bn., Cos. A and B, Fort Hancock, H. J. Co. A at Fort Mott, N. J., until September 25, 1925; at Camp Disc, H. J., from October 50, to November 11, 1925, salvag¬ ing material for use for repairs to barracks and quarters at Fort Hancock. Co. B at Fort Totten, N. Y., until September 16, 1925. Co. D at Camp Devens, Mass., on duty with First Corps Area summer camps until September 9, 1925.

Second Engineers. (Combat). Assigned to 2nd Division. Enlisted strength, 594, authorized strength, 650. Major E. E. Gesier, C.O. to Sept, 28, 1925. Colonel Lytle Brown, C.O., from September 29, 1925.

Stations.

Regiment, (less Co. E,), Cantonment Garrison, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, Regiment, (less Cos. D & E), at Camp Bullis, Tex. for Annual Target practice, August 4 to September 9, 1925. Regiment, (less Cos. A & E), engaged in annual maneuvers and march to Kerryviile, Texas, May 12 to 29, 1926. Co. A at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, engaged in construction of hippodrome, May 12 to June 30, 1926. Co. D at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, until Sept. 9, 1925, on duty with summer camps. At Camp Bullis, Texas, annual target practice, Sept. 10 to Oct. 13, 1925. Go. B at Camp Stanley, Texas, Sept. 10 to Hov. 11, 1925, constructing target range. Co. E, organized as a survey company, was employed, during the entire year, upon the mapping project in the Eighth Corps Area, under the direction of the Corps Area Engineer.

14 Headquarters of the company at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Survey, detachments in the: vicinity•’.of Fort Bliss, Texas; ana’Rio Grande Between Laredo and Eagle Pass,

Third Engineers. (Combat), Assigned to Hawaiian Division. Enlisted strength, 6S9, authorized strength, 710.- Colonel E. H. Schulz, C.G. to February 5, :1926, . Major John H. Carruth, C.O., to June. 50, 1926.

Stations. .

Regiment stationed at Schofield Barracks, T. E. 1st Battalion at Waianae summer camp, July 7 to 27, 1925. • Annual. Target-Practice, March 23 to April'17, 1926. 2nd:Battalion at Kawaihapai, August 10 to 29, 1925. Annual Target practice, March 1 to 22, 1926. Co. A, constructing extension of utility railroad to target range, December iy. 1925 to February 15, 1926. Go. B at Koolau Dam, repairing flumes, October 22, 1925, to January 18,- 1926. . ; ; Cos. C,. E, and F, constructing extension of utility railroad to target range September 1, 1925, -to February 15,' 1926. Co. E, at Kawaihapai, reconditioning brigade camp site, April 22, 1926. Detachments from, the regiment operated and maintained the quartermaster'post railroad during.the year; resurveyed Schofield Barracks Military Reservation; maintained fire control maps and triangulation points’; and assisted the post utilities by moving a number of buildings.

■ Fourth Engineers.. (Combat). (Regiment,- less Co.-, A, inactive), Assigned to 4th Division. Enlisted strength 71, authorized strength, 84. Captain C. H. Swick, C, 0.

Stations.

Company A stationed at Fort -Bragg, 1T.C. On duty with summer training camps and construction work, connected with new target range. In camp at target range, Sept.' 1 to Oct. 17, 1925, for annual target; practice. . Detachments engaged on repair of old and construction of new utility railroad; construction of artillery observation posts; drafting and map reproduction; and road and bridge con¬ struction.

Sixth Engineers. (Combat). Assigned to 3rd Division. Enlisted strength, 584, authorized- strength, 650. Major E.D. Ardery, C.O.

-15- Stations

Regiment, less Co. E, stationed at Camp Lewis, Wash. With organized Reserves, July '19'to August 2, 1925. (Target practice, April, and May, 1926. Co. E, stationed at Fort Winfieid Scott, Calif.; Camp Del Monte, Cal., with C.M.T.C., and Organized Reserves, July 15, August 20, 1925; Summer Camps, June 19 to 30, 1926; Fort Barry, Cal., annual target practice, February 15, to 26, 1926. Co. F, with R.O.T.C., June 16 to 30, 1926. Detachments from Co. E, .on survey at Monterey, Cal., Sept, 25 to Oct. 12, 1925.

■ Seventh Engineers. (Combat)." Assigned to 5th Division. Enl. strength, 82, authorized strength, 84, Captain W, N. Thomas, Jr,, C.O.

Stations.

Regiment, (less Co. A), inactive, Co, A, stationed at Fort Benning, Ga., as school troops at the Infantry School, Usual demonstrations for the school. ■ Map Reproduction Unit for the schools operated from Oct, 15, 1925’ One-half company engaged in light railway construction for post utilities to Nov* 28, 1925; Sulphur Springs, Ga,, maneuvers, April 18 to May 17, 1526. Company mess established Nov, 25, 1925, and work commenced on buildings to replace tent ■'camps.

Eighth Engineers. Mounted. (Combat). Assigned.to 1st Cavalry Division, Enlisted strength, 249, authorized strength, - 304. Maj. C. Gar 1ington, C.O.

Stations.

Battalion stationed at Fort Bliss, Tex. ' Engaged in ponton drill at Camp Courchesne, Tex., July 1925. Division inspec¬ tion and maneuvers, April 25 to 29, 1926.' Battalion, (less-Co. B), with Organized Reserves camp, Jan. 17 to 31, 1926. 'Target practice, Dona Ana, N.M., Nov. 1 to 12, 1925; New Range, April and May, 1926. Co. A, engaged in repairs to barracks, Dec. 10 to 20, 1925, Cos. A and C, engaged in repairs"to barracks, Jan. 3 to 16, 1926 and Feb. 1 to, April 15, 1926. Co. B, engaged in work of construction of new and demolition of old aeroplane hangars, Jan. 3 to Feb. 28, 1926. Detachments on flood relief work at Fabena, Tex., Dec. 1 to 10, 1925.

-16- N_inth Engineers , Mounted. (Combat)' Assigned to 2nd' Cavalry Division. Enlisted strength, 74, authorized strength, 84. Captain S.H. Griffin, C.O. ' ' ■

Stations»

■ Battalion" (less f,Co-y' MA?f) , inactive. Co . ''A11 stationed at Fort 'RileyKails*, .as school troops 'for the Cavalry School. Practice mar6h, Sept. l6 .to 23 , 1925; maneuvers,, May 13-14, 1926; demonstrations'for summer’camps, June, 1926. Usual demonstrations for the school during the year. Detachments were engaged upon repairing and reflooring engineer . .. , bridge over Kansas River; ; construction of bathing pools for ‘ enlisted men;•construction of 200,000 gallon water tank; minor repairs to bridges oil the reservation.

Eleventh Engineers. (Combat)’. ' Assigned to Panama Division. • Enlisted strength, 637 , authorized strength, 710.^ Lt .'Col. Wildurr Wil¬ ling, C.O. ' ' ’

Stations.

Regiment stationed at Coro zal , 0.2 ,,, engaged'on the operation of ' .' the Engineer Reproduction 'Plant ■, 'during' entire ’year. Co. A, at Gatun, Jail. 5 to'15 arid"25 to 3T,’1926V " ’ .. Regiment, (less Cos. B, C, & £)., joint maneuvers near Gatuii, Feb. i'to '9 , 1926; near Miraflores Jjocks, Feb. 24 to 27, 1926. .The following'compares Vere -engaged-on. military survey of. Panama ' ’ at the ’localities ’ named; ■ • •••••*• •• ' • : i’V Co . B, Cu’ipo , Jan. 4 to April 30, 1926; near Rio Lagarto, May 1 to 21,"1926V ’ " ' ’ ’ ' ’ Co. C, Fri’joles, Jan. 4 to.May: 13’, 1926. Co. E, near" Porto Bello,"Jan. .'4'to April 13, 1926; near Nombre ' - " de Dios April 14 to May 20 ,1926. ' ■

Thirteenth Engineers". ’ - ('Geiierar Service)/' ‘ 2'iid Battalion inactive v Enlisted strength ,' 339» authorized strength, 372. Major J. F. Conklin, C.O. ' ; ’

■ Stations'. ' • ■ 1 ' _ "

Regiment stationed-at Fort Humphreys, Va« , as school troops ,to the Engineer Sbhool. 'Assisted-'in training’ 6 f Organi'z'ed'Reserve' Units,' as follows;- 305th Engineers,"to'July 7f 3'04th Engineers’,' July 12' to 25; 324th Engineers ," July 26 to August 8'; aiid 309th ; 325th',-353rd, 404th Engineers.,' August 10 to' 24V 'Assisted in'training OVgahi'zed Reserve Offic¬ ers','Nov. 1 to' 14. ' Demonstrations in iiifaivtfy' and engineer drills' and . operations conducted for the Engineer School, during the school year; Target practice iii May and June; Summer training, 375th Engineers, May 2 to l6; R.O.T.C. from June 18.

-17- Oo. B, Camp Custer, Mich., on duty with summer camps, Sixth Corps Area, to August 23, Co, 0, with B.O-.S.C., to July 23, Co, A, with C.M.T.Ch, to July 30,

Fourteenth Engineers. (Combat) Philippine Scouts. Second Battalion inactive. Assigned to Philippine Division. Enlisted strength 329, authorized strength, 350. Major C. E. Perry, 0,0,., to Doc. 14, 1825- Major B. H, Dopes from Dec. 15, 1925.

Stations,

Regiment less Co. B, Field exercises near Batangas, Jan. 3 to 18, division maneuvers, Jan, 18 to 27.; target practice, Feb., Mar, and Kay. Co. C, Topographical survey', Philippines, near Bataan, ITov. 9 to Dec. 19. Co. B, Topographical survey, Philippines, vicinity Bataan, Jan. 4 to Feb. 21. Co. A, Topographical survey, Philippines, vicinity Bataan, Feb. 20 to April 13. Detachments were engaged, during the year, upon the following work connected with post utilities; Polo Field; Golf Course; road and bridge repairs; reinforced concrete magazine; improvement of drainage system; quarrying? and miscellaneous surveys, estimates, and blueprinting.

Twenty-ninth Engineers. (Topographic) Co. B inactive. Enlisted strength, 225, authorized strength, 253. Major J. W. Bagley, C. 0.

Stations.

Battalion stationed at Fort Humphreys, Va., in District of Washington, as school troops with the Engineer School; charged with development of military map making, with special reference to the use of aerial photograph. Detachments were engaged on the following, work: Aerial surveying, McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio; Operation of map reproduction units. Fort Sill, Oklahoma; Service with Base Printing Plant, Washington Barracks, D.C.; target practice, Lor ton,. Va.; with map reproduction plant, Fort Benning, Ca„ In field at .Quantico, Va., quadrangle Aug. 18 to December 22, when work was completed; In the field at Caiverton Quadrangle, engaged on topographical survey from May 6; Miscellaneous garrison duties performed and. experimentation with searchlight.triangulation' conducted.

-18- ENGINEER SECTIONS OF CORPS ARMS AND DEPARTMENT HEADQUARTERS.

Headquarters Unit- Engineer Enlisted Strength Actual Authorized 1 Corps Area Major S.C, Godfrey to Aug. 3l/25 3 5 Lt. W.L. Medding to Jan. 2, 1926 Haj. F.K. Newcomer to June 30/26

II " " Col. W. B. Ladue 5 5

III " " Kaj, C. R. Pattis . 4 5

IV " '* Dt.Colo W. P» Stokey 4 5

11 v » Maj, N.B. Harrison to June 18/26 4 5 Maj, I.E. Titus, CVS, to June 29/26 Kaj. ii.J. Young to June 30, 1926„

VI. CM " Col, A.E, Waldron to I.iay 15, 1926 5 5 Capt, R.A. Laird to June 25, 1926 Col, E.H. Schulz from June 25, 1926

VII " " Lt, Co 1 o W. C. Weeks 4. • 5

VIII " . " iiaj. J. N, Hodges • - 5 ■ 5

!I IX " Co l. T. H. Jackson - 5 5

Hawaiian Dept. liaj. W. H. Lanagan 5 ' 5 panama Canal Lt. Co 1. w. Willing 4 5 Dept.

Philippine Dept. Lt. Co l. H. Co Jewett IS . 20

Dist, of ’,7ash. Col. H. B. Ferguson. 0 0

Total. Enlisted Strength. - The total enlisted strength of tho Corps of Engineers, both in the United States and in the Insular Posses¬ sions (not inc luding the 14th Engineers- which was 329) was 4338 on June 30, 1926. . This is .approximately 91. per cent of the strength authorized hy current appropriations, 4765, . and .86 per cent of the authorized strength, 5018. The enlisted strength was 191 more than that of June 30, 1925,

' TABLES OP ORGANIZATION.

She reduction in the pay of the Army resulted in a modification of the allotment of non-commissioned officers and rated specialists to the various engineer units. This change being of a temporary nature, was effected by means of War Department Circular No. 24, 1926, no changes being made in the existing Tables of Organization. The effect of this

19- upon the enlistod strength of the Corps of 1<)11.:,'ineo:r::,. is as shovm 1,010:;;

Grades and natings .J.uthorized by G.0.19, 1924 Authorized by c- .. o. 7 1 L92G

Grades lst Grade 50 48 Decrease 2 2nd Grade 128 122 f, 3:rd Grade 204 196 8/ 4th Grade 494 471 23 5th Grade 561 535 2G 6th Grade LW3 1132 61 7th Grade 23S8 2261 127 Total 5018 4765 2!53

Ratings 1st 9 9 0 2nd 50 41'1 3 3rd 82 81 1 '1th lt:2 136 6 Cl 5th 2~·5 266 ./ 6th _4u2 4% 16 Total 10~~0 985 35

Changes and. N1vis io:1s ar,3 ne0:ded i:;.1 & 11 Tab los of Orga:ni•;;;_t ion and studies are in p.rog:ri:ss ts:crdor; ho'iJev0r. the completion of tlco revision of thu Tables of 01ga11ization ·:.'ill ba dola3-ed until such time as action is tal:on by the, Board of Olficers at the ilar Dcpartmo:;.1t, no·,­ engagod 1c•ith proposed ch2.ngc:s in the organization and equip0,,ent cf tlrn Infa:..1t:ry Division.

_The Boa:r

Cori,rni.B sioneC:. P0rsonnd,. - '2he Boarc'. at th0 bogi11nL1g of t::co Fiscal. Year was coi,:posed of t:110.1 '.,::mbo:re, 1.:a;}o:r .VJ.i;.A. Andor:::011., Ccrp-': of Encineers. I.~ajol:' Caru;y ::;,. Bro·in, Oo:.:·r,s of :,;n0 iL3ors. l.lajox Jo1,n r-. Conklin. Co:q.,s of JGnc_;L:0,.::r.s. .Cffoctive July 2, JS25. Major .Frodel'ick B. Downing, Co:i:r,s of . .itni::;i.i1ee:rs, 'J&S c:.p~oir1ted a :.:e,i:"oer vice :.:ajor Catey E. B:rov,n, Col' i_'.)S of .Gnc;i ;1:JONi, 1 el ievcd. C,-" 1.Jtc.in ·I'hoodo:r·o \'J;y;~:an. Jr • , Coq)s o:f Baginours, co.1tinusd on cutJ wit:t1 t},c, Boe:rd as Executive Officer. :first LLutonant !~o:c.ian h. Iol1l, Corps of .CL;il:,)urs, was on dt".ty ·;,ith the

Board from Sop'.:;omlJer 2.• 192!:.1 ·,r:1ti 1 1:arch 3, 1926 0 as Asrista"1t to tho Executivo Offico:r;

J?ro.iecte before the Bo~:td. - Lt tho bocin::iing- o:2 tho fiscal ;yoar the Board haci the fo 1 lo"<'Jin.6 uncornpletod pro~octs on :i.ian.:..1:

Project 4H •· Deve_lopnent of Ucht T;:,71Kl Po;1to:1 Equipage ~1sz - Dove lopnom; of Eadium S:yp-J Ponton E~:uipago

20 #3 - Development of Heavy Type Ponton Equipage. #4 - Development of Portable Steel Military Highway Bridge. #5’ - Development of a Portable Field Pile Driver. #6 - Development of a Portable Field Bathing Unit. #7 - Preparation of Drawings of Chests and Containers for the Field Lithographic Equipment. #8 - Tire Consideration of Substitutes for Burlap Sand Bags. • #11 - The investigation of Sapping Machine. #13 - The Development of a Mobile Machine Shop Truck Unit for the Engineer Service. #14 - The Development of Mobile Map Reproduction Units for Army Topographical Battalions. #19 - Tire Development of a 60" 150 amp. High Intensity Barrel Typed Mobile Anti-aircraft Searchlight Unit. #28 - To Determine the Advisability of using Balsa Wood as the Buoyant Element of Foot Bridges. #32 - The Development of a Chest, Pipe. Fitting, to contain the Pipe Fitting Tools, authorized by W.D. Cir. 295, 1921. #33 - 'To conduct tests of the Phillips Pack Saddle'; and to submit report and recommendations concerning the adoption of this ■pack saddle for the Engineer service. '#34 - To conduct tests of the Opalograph to determine its value for military purposes. #35 - Gils and Lubricants for 25 KW. GE Gasoline Electric Generator Sets. The Board to make a study of this matter and to conduct tests of various kinds of oils, and to submit a report as to its conclusions on 'the proper oils to be . used with these sets. #38 - The Development of High Intensity Searchlight Carbons to carry 250 amperes of current. #42 - The Development and Design of a Suitable Alidade to re’place the 8" Triangular Box-wood Alidade now issued in the ■Sketching outfit. #46 --.To Conduct Tests of a Spiitdorf Model SS-4 Magneto installed on a 25 HJ7 Gasoline Electric Generator Set. #47’ - To Prepare’ a Specification for the Production and the Repair of 60" Glass Parabolic Searchlight Mirrors. #51 - The Development of an Indicator Device for the coordination of the transversing of Anti-aircraft searchlights and ' sound locators. #53 - The Manufacture and Testing of an Experimental Kapok Foot Bridge to determine its merits by tests under field con¬ ditions with the object in view of revising the specifi¬ cations of the standard equipment to include the improve- • meats'made by the Board. #54 - To equip 8" Triangular Box-wood Alidade now issued with the sketching outfit with metric scales. #55 r> The Development of Map Scales utilizing a "percent of slope" in lieu of "degree of slope" for use in military sketching, .#56 - To Conduct Tests of Quick Setting Cements including Alumina cements to determine their value for. use' in military field fortifications. " #57 - To Investigate Hote,15, W.D. Cir. 295; to provide a better proportion of cutting tools for the purpose for which this equipment is used.

-21- #61 - To Determine the .Military .Va iue of ,a Combination Clinometer and Alidade for military sketching -.purposes, #63 - The Development of Searchlight Equipment and Instruments for use. in night surveying operations being conducted by the 29th Engineers. #65 - To Determine whether or not the British Bing Sight is adaptable for use with the 60" Anti-aircraft Searchlight. #66 - To Report on the Design of a Sectionaiized Plank Road for military use. #68 - To Submit Recommendations on Field Desk for the Engineer service.

During the course of the'- year, '.the, following additional projects were assigned to the Board:

#69 - The Development and Manufacture of two experimental Pioneer Packs, for the Cavalry service; the design based on the experimental,pack developed by the'8th Cavalry, Ft,Bliss,Tex. #70 - To Determine the Proper location' of the Canteen on the

Service Belt. ' ; #71 - To Determine the Military Value of the Blasting Machine . developed by the Atlas Powder Company. #72 - To Conduct Tests of Altimeters manufactured by the Navigator Instruments Inc., to. determine the military value of same. #73 - To Develop a Combined Drafting and Duplicating Equipment to replace the present drafting equipment and duplicator equipment authorized by W.D. Cir. 295 for Engineer Combat Companies-and other .Engineer -Units.. #74 - Studies, Plans, ana Specifications for Cars, Special, Machine '• Shop, 40-Ton, authorized for issue, by'W.D. Cir. 295, 1921. - . Table IV-D, K, Sec. V. ' : ' - #75 - Studies, Plans and Specifications for .Cranes, Wrecking, . • Railroad, authorized for issue by W.D. Cir. 295, '1921,: Table IV-D, K, Sec. V. #76 - Study of Effect of Artillery Fire on Protected Shelters used in field fortif ications with a. view to revising the present standard types, if necessary. # #77 - To re-design the Engineer pack Boxes to fit the. Phillips Pack Saddle. #78 - To Develop a Mobile Power Unit for the operation of electric .tools used by troops for hasty wooden and'steel bridge . construction, and for the construction, of fieid fortifi- cations. ■ . . #79 - To Design and Construct Model Wooden Barracks and Mess Halls •for Field Use. . #80 ~ The Development of '60" Anti-aircraft Searchlights to burn 25Q amp. high intensity carbons and Mobile .Power Unit

for same. ; • ...... #81 - The Development of Methods for Manufacturing Satisfactory 60" • Metal Searchlight Mirrors for. emergency production. #82 - To Improve the Automatic Features of the 150 Ampere High Intensity Searchlight lamp Mechanism for Seacoast Searchlight #83 ~ The Development of a satisfactoryRemote Electrical Control for Directing anti-aircraft search light s-« ■ #84 - The Construction of Bomb Proofs for Seacoast Defenses and Tests for same. #85 - To Design and Construct a Range Finding Tower of improved design, for fire control at Seacoast Defenses. #86 - The Development of Aerial Surveying Equipment. #87 - The Development of Sapid 3eliable Methods of establishing ground control for use in connection with aerial surveying. #88 - To Develop a Sapid and Eeliable Method of Map Construction in the Field in connection with aerial surveying. #88 - Ine Development of Rapid and Reliable Field Map Reproduction Methods and processes. .#90 - For Periodic Investigation of Foreign Practice in Modern Aerial Surveys and Map Reproduction methods inc luding the judicious purchase of limited equipment. #91 - The Investigation of a Pneumatic Pile Driver. #92 - To Conduct Tests of Barbed Band to determine whether or not it may be used as a substitute, for Barbed Wire-. #93 - The Development of Electric Lighting Chests and Reels authorized by W.D. Cir, 295, Dotes.9 and 11. #94 - To Prepare a Specification for Converting 60" Solid Glass Parabolie Searchlight Mirrors to 60" Open Type Searchlight Mirrors. #95 - Modification of Pilot Motor Shafts of GE Remote Electrical Controls installed on searchlights in service. #96 - The- preparation of a Specif ication for the 5 .Em, Gasoline Electric Generator Sets authorized for issue by W.D. Cir. 295, to Engineer Regiments. #97 - To Determine the military value of a "Triangle Diagram" . • submitted by Major Harry A. Musham. #98 - To Determine the military value of a design for a Range Finding Device as submitted by Captain Wesley B. Walraven. #9.9 - The preparation of Drawings for Canvas Covers for 36" and . 60" Seacoast Searchlights. #100 - Service Tests of Ordnance Watches. #101 — To Develop a 250 amp. High Intensity Searchlight Lamp Mechanism . ■ < adapted to transform a U.S. Army 60" Barrel Type Anti-aircraft Searchlight, Model 1925, from a 150 amp. Automatic High Intensity Arc to a 250 airvp. Automatic High Intensity Arc. #102 - To Determine the value of power driven wire cutter for cutting barbed wire entanglements, #103 - To devise a method of cutting a 13" hole in a solid glass mirror without removing the baching of same to convert the mirror into an open type mirror. ■ . #104 - To submit recommendations ori the suitability of a satisfactory web belt as a substitute for the present, garrison belt for wear by enlisted men. Four (4) samples of.belting were submitted. #105 - To prepare tables showing the relative powers, limitations, and characteristics,of present and proposed bridges. To determine . how many medium ponton units are needed per Field Army. #106 - To conduct tests to determine' the relative value of the Otis King's

-23- Patented Calculator and 9" Manheim Slide Buie. #1.07 - To conduct tests of Auger Posts manufactured by the Ohio Tubular"Products Co., of London, Ohio, and'report to the Chief of Engineers as to whether or not the posts are ,, •• adaptable for military uses. #108 - To submit recommendations concerning the advisability .of indicating on military maps sub-divisions of grids and the coordinates of grid intersections. #109 - To conduct tests of Spark Plugs "VM-5 manufactured by the Hosier Metal Products Corps., to determine their suita- , bility for use in the 25 Kw„ CM 12 generator sets. #110 - The development of Ranging Sights for the Pilot Anti-aircraft Searchlight, Model 1925. #III - The development of Leveling Devices for the Pilot Anti-aircraft Searchlight, Model 1925. #112 - She development of a Signal Light for use in connection with Mobile Anti-aircraft Searchlights, #113 - To revise Training Regulations Ho. 510-136. To Include additional data and instructions concerning the proper method of carrying the searchlight on the truck; occulting the lamp mechanism; the proper amount of cable for the unit; the operation of the generator ..as to ventilation; .per request from the-Chief of Coast Artillery. #il4 - To conduct tests of Diaphragm Gas Mask furnished by the. Chemical Warfare Service. #115 - To conduct a study of the Lorgnette Stereoscope submitted by the 29th Engr's., and to siibmit .recommendations, specifica¬ tions, etc., of the Lorgnette.Stereoscope as an item of equipment for Engineer Topographic Battalions. #116 - To revise drawings-D 729-3 and.D 729-4, to include recommenda¬ tions of the Akeley Camera, as included in their letter of April 27 to the Chief of Engineers dated May 1, 1926, #117 - To prepare drawings of Tool Bos for 60" Mobile Searchlight Power Unit, Cadillac, Model V-57. #11.8 - To undertake the development of a standard Anti-tank Mine and Contact Fuse.

Projects Comnleted. - During the fiscal year, the following projects were completed;- ■ . ,

#7 - Preparation of drawings of Chests and Containers for the • Field Lithographic Equipment. / #32 - The development of a Chest, Pipe Fitting, to contain the Pipe Fitting Too Is, .authorized by V/.D. Cir. 295, 1921. #33 - To conduct tests of the Phillips Pack Saddle; and to submit report and recommendations concerning the adoption of this pack. saddle, for the Engineer service. #34 - To Conduct. Tests of the Opalograph to. determine its value for military purposes, #45 - The. Development and Design of a Suitable Alidade to replace the 8" Triangular, Bon-wood Alidade now issued in the Sketch¬ ing Outfit. • #46 - To Conduct Test's-.of - a' Splitdorf Model SS-4 Magneto installed on a 25 Kw. Gasoline Electric Generator Set.

-24- #47 - To prepare a Specification for the Production and the Repair of 60" Glass Parabolic Searchlight Mirrors. #54 - To equip 8" Triangular' Box-wood 'Alidade now issued with the Sketching Outfit with metric scales. #55 - The Development of Map Scales utilizing a "per cent of slope" in lieu'of "degree of slope" for use in military sketching. #57 - To Investigate Note 15, W.D. Cir. 295; to provide a letter proportion of cutting tools for the purpose for which this equipment is used. • #61 - To Determine the military value of a Combination Clinometer and Alidade for military' sketching purposes. #65 - To Determine, whether or not the British Bing Sight is adaptable for use with the 60" Anti-aircraft Searchlight. #66 - To Report on the Design of a Sectionalized Plank Road for miiitary use. - #68 - To Submit Recommendations on Field Desk for the Engineer Service. #69 - The Development and Manufacture' of two experimental pioneer packs for the Cavalry Service; the design based on the experimental pack dove loped by the 8th Cavalry, Fort Bliss, Texas. #70 - To Determine the proper location of the Canteen on the..'; Service•Be it. #71 - To Determine the military value of the Blasting Machine developed by the Atlas Powder Company. #72 - To Conduct Tests of'Altimeters--manufactured'by the Navigator Instruments Inc., to determine the military value of same. #75 - Studies, Plans, and Specifications for Cranes, Wrecking, Railroad, authorized for issue by W.D. Cir. 295, 1921, ■ Table IV-D, Z, Sec. 7. #91 - The Investigation of a pneumatic Pile Driver.. #92 - To Conduct Tests of Barbed Band to determine whether or not it may he used as a.substitute for Barbed Y/ire. #95 - The Development of Electric Lighting Chests and Reels authorised by W.D. Cir.-. 295, Notes 9 and 11. #94 - To Prepare a Specification for Converting 60" Solid Class Parabolic Searchlight Mirrors to 60" Open Type-Searchlight Mirrors. #96 - The Preparation of a Specification for the 5 Kw. Gasoline Electric Generator Sets authorized for issue by W.D. Cir. 295 to Engineer Regiments, #97 - To Determine the military value of a "Triangle Diagram" submitted by Major Harry A. Musham. • #98 - To determine the military value of a design for a Range Find¬ ing Device as submitted'by- Captain Wes ley B. Walraven. #100 - Service Tests of Ordnance -Watches.- #102 - To determine.the value of power driven wire cutter for cutting barbed wire entanglements. #103 - To devise a method of cutting a 15" hole in a. so lid glass mirror without removing the backing of same to convert the mirror'into an open- type-'mirror. - #104 '-'--To submit recommendations on the suitability of a satisfactory

25 well belt as a substitute for the present garrison belt for wear by enlisted-men. Four (4) samples of belting were submitted, 106 - To conduct tests to determine the relative value ofrtlie Otis . King's Patented Calculator and the 9,r. Manheim Slide Rule, #107 - To conduct tests of Auger Posts manufactured by the Ohio tubular Products Co.* of London, Ohio, and.report to the Chief of .Engineers as to whether ' or not. the "posts are • adaptable for military uses, #108 - To submit recommendations concerning the advisability of indicating on military maps sub-divisions of grids and the • coordinates of grid intersections, #109 - To conduct tests of Spark Plugs FM-3 manufactured by the Hosier Hetai Products Corp., to determine their suitability for use in the 25 Ew, SI 12 generator sets, , # 110 - The ‘development of Ranging Sights .for the Pilot Anti-aircraft Searchlight, Model 1925. #111 -The Development of Leveling Devices for the Pilot Anti-aircraft Searchlight, Model 1925. , . #1.15 - To revise Training Regulations Ho. 310-136, To include additional data and instructions concerning the proper • method of carrying tlie searchlight on the truck; occulting the lamp mechanism; the proper amount of cable for the unit; the. operation of the generator as to ventilation; per request .from the Chief of Coast Artillery, #115 - To conduct a study of the Lorgnette Stereoscope submitted by the 29jh Engineers and to -submit recommendations, specifica¬ tions, etc., of the Lorgnette Stereoscope as an item of equipment for Engineer Topographic Battalions. #117 -To prepare drawings of Tool Bos.for 60" Mobile Searchlight Power Unit, Cadillac, Model V-57.

The following projects were.he Id inactive during the fiscal year*

•#3 - Development of Heavy Type Ponton Equipage: Scheduled to be commenced during the fiscalyears. 1927 - 1928. #6 - Deve lopment of a Portable Fie Id Bathing Unit: • Scheduted to be commenced during the fiscal year 1927, #78 - Development:ox a Mobile-Power Unit for the•operation of electric tools used by troops for hasty wooden and-steel bridge construction, and for the construction of field fortifica¬ tions; Scheduled to be commenced during the fiscal year 1927. #76 - Study -of Effect of Artillery Fire on protected Shelters used in field fortifications with a view to revising the present • standard types, if necessary; Scheduled to be -commenced during the fiscal year 1927. #28 - To determine the advisability of using Balsa Wood as the Buoyant Element of Foot Bridges: Scheduled to be commenced during the fiscal year 1927. #8 - The Consideration of Substitutes for Burlap Sand Bags; Scheduled to be commenced during the fiscal year 1927, # 4 - Development of a Portable Steel Military Highway 3ridge: Scheduled to be commenced as soon as funds become available.

26 #79 - To Design and Construct Model wooden Barracks and Mess Halls for Field Use; Scheduled to le commenced during the fiscal year 1928. #74 - Studies,, Plans, and Specifications for Cars, Special, Machine Shop, 40 ton, authorized for issue by W.D. Ci'r. 295, 1921, Table IY-D, -K, Sec. V. . Scheduled to be commenced during the fiscal year 1927. #11 - The.' Investigation of Sapping Machines; Scheduled' to be commenced during the fiscal'year-1928. #84 - The construction of Bomb proofs for Seacoast Defenses and Tests of- same.' Scheduled to -be commenced during the fiscal year 1928. •• : #85 - To design and construct a Eange Finding Tower of- improved design', for fire control at Seacoast Defenses; Scheduled to be commenced during the fiscal year. 1928-. ' .

Manufacturing lotivities; - The following projects were partially or fully completed during the fiscal year in the Boardr-s shops;

. Tire manufacture of Light Type Ponton Equipage Model 1925, was completed as follows; ' . •'

5 'experimental models of Ponton Boats, Light Type,' : 'Model 1925. . ■ - .. 7 experimental models of Boat Balk, Light Type, Model - 1925. ■■ ■ _ 16 experimental models of Chess, Light -Type, Model 1925. 7 experimental mode is of Trestle Balk, Light Type, Model 1925.' ' ' ' l experimental model of the Light ponton Wagon was 80/1 completed. • 4 experimental models of Sills, Light Type',-Model 1925.

The manufacture of Medium Ttype'Ponton' Equipage, Model 1924, was completed as follows:

2 ponton Boats, Medium Type, Model 1924, constructed in-accordance‘with approved specifications. 9 Sets of'Hinge Hangers, Medium- Type, Model 1924, • constructed in accordance with approved specifications 12 Transverse Balk Hangers, Medium 'Type-, Model 1924, constructed in accordance with approved specifications 27 Boat Balk, Medium Type, Model 1924, manufactured during the fiscal year 1924 were modified and equipped : with irons to fit mechanical lashings in accordance with approved: specifications. 2 Spans of Boat Balk, Medium Type,' Model 1924, construct ed; in accordance with approved- specifications. . 2 Spans of Trestle Balk, Medium Type,' Model 1924,. con¬ structed in accordance- with approved specifications. 6 Transverse Balk, Medium Type, Model 1924, constructed in accordance with approved specifications.

-27- I Experimental, model of Ponton Wagon, Medium Type, Model 1925, t»as completed. ' . I Experimental model of Chess Wagon, Medium Type, Model 1925, was 95% completed.. Pack Saddle Equipment:. One 'set of Engineer Pack Boxes were modified to fit the Phillips Pack Saddle, Artillery Type. Kapok .Foot Bridge: One Kapok Foot Bridge 96 ft. in length was manu¬ factured in accordance with the Board's specifications for test purposes. Basins; The manufacture of six Basins, Water, Storage, Canvas, 20x20, applying to Chief of. Engineers Beqn. P-109, was 100% completed. Chests, Company, Drafting; The manufacture of thirty Chests, Company, Drafting, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-il0,.was 100% completed. Boxes," Lantern; The manufacture of twelve Boxes., Lantern, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-iil, was 100% completed. Glass Cabinet; The-construction of a Glass Cabinet for Mobile Search¬ light Model, for Munitions Bldg., was 100% completed. Canvas Covers; The.manufacture of Canvas Covers for Mobile Search¬ light Unit fCadillac) Model V-57, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn, P-112, was 100% completed. Chests, Duplicator; The. manufacture of Chests, Duplicator, applying ’ to Chief of Engineers, Bean. P-117, was 100% completed. Chests, Electric Lighting; The manufacture of twelve Chests, Electric Lighting, Portable, 5- IS*, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-117, was 100% completed. Canvas Covers; The manufacture of Canvas Covers (25), for 60" Open Type Searchlight, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-120, was 100% completed. Boxes, pack, Demolition; The Manufacture of two sets of Pack Boxes, Demolition, Cavalry Model, 1924, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-118, was 100% completed. Bee Is and Horses; The manufacture of eight Heels, Electric Lighting, Portable, Engineer, and Beel. Horses, Model 1924, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-121, was 100% completed. Pioneer Outfits; The manufacture of two experimental Pioneer Outfits as per design submitted by'the 8th Cavalry,. Ft. Bliss,, Tex., was 100% completed. Basins, Storage; The manufacture of three Basins, Storage, Water, Canvas, applying to Chief of Engineers E-13572-T-77, was 100% completed. .Chests, Lithographic; The manufacture of Four Chests, Lithographic, Model 1924, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-122, was 100% completed. Chests, Electric Lighting; -The manufacture of eighteen Chests, Electric Lighting Sets, 5 K\v, Model .1924, applying to Chief of Engin¬ eers Beqn. P-124, was 100% completed. Canvas Covers for 60" Cadillac; - The manufacture of fortyuCovers, Canvas, Pt. #9124, for governor for 60" Cadillac Searchlight Power Unit was 100% completed, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-126. Canvas Covers; -The manufacture of forty Covers, Canvas, Pt, #9123 for Cadillac Mobi le Searchlight .-Chits - applying t.o' Ohief of Engineers Rsqn. P-127, was 100% completed.

-28- Wrenchas: The manufacture of fifty Wrenches, Governor, Adjusting, as per Dr. #548121, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-130, was 100$ completed. Boxes* The manufacture of fifty Boxes, Tools and Spare parts for Cadillac Searchlight Unit applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-130 was 100/3 completed, Fidor Boards: The manufacture of Five sets of Floor Boards, Pt, #9036 for Cadillao Searchlight Power Unit applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-130, was 100$ completed. Tool Boxes* The manufacture of fifty Tool Boxes for Bunning Board, Complete with brackets, bolts, locks, keys, and nuts, Pt. #9126, applying to Chief of. Engineers Beqn. P--130, was 100$ completed. Switchboard Supports: The manufacture of ten Switchboard Supports, Pt. #9151, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-130, was 100$ completed. Canvas Covers; The manufacture of tan Canvas Covers for 60" Open Type Searchlights applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-13l,.was 100$ oompletod. Turnbuckles; The manufacture of thirty Turnbuckies for pack equipment, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-132, was 100% completed. Tool Grinder Boxes and Chests; The manufacture of ten Tool Grinder Boxes and seven Chests, phbtographio, Engineer, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-133, was 100$ completed. Canvas Covers; The manufacture of twenty-five Canvas Covers, pt,- #9000 for Cadillac Searchlight Units applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn, P-135, was 100$ completed. Canvas Covers; The manufacture of twenty Canvas Covers for Cab, Pt. #9013, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-135, was 100$ completed. Canvas Covers; The manufacture of Twenty Canvas Covers for Governor, Pt. #9124, for Cadillac Searchlight Power Unit, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-135, was 100$ oompleted-. . Cushions; The manufacture of ten Cushions for front seat for Cadillac Searchlight Power Units, . Pt. #9021, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-135, was 100$ completed. v Canvas Covers; The manufacture of Canvas Covers for Training Control, Pt. #9125 for Cadillac Searchlight Power Units, applying to Chief of ', Engineers Beqn. P-135, was 100$ oompleted. Canvas Covers; The manufacture of fifteen Canvas Covers for Projectors 36" GE (Sperry) H-17, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P~ 1.37, was 100$ completed. Handrails; The manufacture of eight Handrails, Standard for Kapok Foot Bridge, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-138, was 100$ completed. Chests; The. manufacture of four Chests, Supplementary Equipment, ponton, applying to Chief of Engineers Beqn. P-139, was 100$ completed. Base for. Searchlight Cabinet; The manufacture of a Base for Searchlight Cabinet for Searchlight Model,'Munitions Building, was 100$ completed. Combination Drafting and Duplicating Chest; The manufacture of an- experimental model of a Combination Drafting and Duplicating Chest was 100$ completed. The rehabilitation of the Dodge Searchlight Power Unit U.S.A. #601.53 and the 30" Murphy Tea Kettle Open Type Searchlight for use in night

-29- surveying operations by the 29th Engineers was 100% completed* The rehabilitation of three 60" Mobile Searchlight Power Unit and Accessory Searchlight Equipment was 100% completed. .

Testing; - The following items of Engineer equipment were tested by personnel of the Board on Engineer Equipment at Ft. Humphreys Va., during the.fiscal year; .

1. The 250 amp. High Intensity Carbons manufactured by the General Electric Co., on purchase order #42996. 2. A 60" Anti-aircraft Mobile Searchlight Power Unit, Model 1925, manufactured by the Sperry Gyroscope Co., on purchase order #42796. 5. A 60" High Intensity 250 amp. Full Automatic Lamp Mechanism for Seacoast Searchlights manufactured by the General Electric .Co., on purchase order #42640. 4. Experimental 250 amp. High Intensity Carbons developed by the General Electric Co., on purchase.order #42606. 5. A Double Comrjarator System for Anti-aircraft Searchlights manufac¬ tured by the Sperry Gyroscope Co., on purchase order #42856. 6. The 250 amp. High Intensity Anti-aircraft Searchlight, Model. 1925, manufactured by the Sperry Gyroscone Co., on purchase order #42987. ~ ; 7. The 250 amp. High Intensity Lamp Mechanism for Anti-aircraft Searchlights manufactured by the Sperry Gyroscope Co., on order #42883. 8. The Portable Gasoline Pumping Unit manufactured by the Allis- . Chalmers Mfg. Co., on order #42680. 9. The Testing.of five oils furnished by the Quartermaster. General to determine their suitability for use in the 25 Ifw. Gasoline Electric Generator Sets. 10. Suitable tests of Searchlight Mirrors to determine the loss of light due to inaccurate focusing of the arc. LI. Tests of the Medium Ponton Bridge Equipage, Model .1924, were conducted by the 13th Engineers. 12. Tests of the Phillips Pack Saddle Equipment and modified Engineer Pack Boxes were conducted by personnel of the 13th Engineers. L3. Preliminary tests of the Ponton Wagon, Medium Type, Model 1925 were conducted by personnel of the Board on Engineer Equipment. 14. Tests of the Qpalograph were conducted by personnel of the Board on Engineer Equipment and the Map Reproduction plant, Washington Barracks, D. C. 15. Tests of a modified Clinometer equipped with a "percent scale" and alidades equipped with metric scales and "scales of differ¬ ences" graduated in percent of slope were conducted by personnel of the Engineer School. 16. The testing of an Experimental Kapok Foot Bridge was conducted by personnel of the l3th Engineers. 17. Tests of a Blasting Machine developed by the Atlas Powder Co., were conducted by personnel of the 13th Engineers. 18. Tests of Altimeters manufactured by the navigator Instruments Inc., were conducted by personnel of the 29th Engineers. 19. Tests of Barbed Band were conducted by personnel of the 13th Engineers.

-30- 20, fasts of Ordnance Watches were conducted by personnel on duty at Fort Humphreys,, Va. 21, Tests of the Otis King's’patented Calculator were conducted by personnel of the 13th and 29th Engineers. 22. Tests of Auger Posts manufactured by the Ohio Tubular Products Co., of London, Ohio, were conducted by personnel of the 13th Engineers. 23. Tests of Spark Plugs Vi.i-3 manufactured by the Hosier Metal Products .Corps., were conducted in the Board's Power House. '

TRAINING PECULATIONS ' ’

Number printed Number in Progress Technical Regulations

16 16 ' 19 '

Preliminary drafts of "regulations for the company in the combat regiment, general service.regiment and auxiliary battalions have been prepared and issued to the service. The completion of the training regulations for the engineer troop units is delayed pending action taken by the Board of Off icers acting upon.'the organization and equipment of the division. Engineer training regulations must consider the organization necessary to effectively"use the equipment’allowed. Until the equipment to be authorized is known, unit training regula¬ tions cannot be completed. . '

Work was continued upon the preparation of training and technical regulations, by the Training Regulation Board appointed by the Engineer School, of which board.Major E, J. Young, was Executive Officer. The status at the end of the fiscal year was; '

a - 165-5 Rigging A - 190-5 Map Reading a - 190-10 Conventional Sighs a - 190-15 Military Sketching a - 190-20 Panoramic Sketching ‘ a - ISO-27 Aerial Photographic Mapping a - 190-30 Use of Maps in Fifing B - 195- 5 Principles of Field Fortifications C - 195-20 Standard Types and Execution of Field Fortifications D- 195-25 Protected Shelters A - 195-30 Explosives and Demolitions D - 195-35 Mining and Mine Warfare B - 195-40 Camouflage for all Arms . A - 195-45 Camouflage for Artillery F- 195-50 Field Fortifications for Artillery F - 195-55 Effects of Modern Artillery Fire on Fortifications A - 445-15 Duties and Relations of Engineer.'Troops D - 445-18 She Engineer Combat Regiment " ' E - 445-20 The Engineer General Service Regiment E - 445-22 The Engineer Auxiliary Battalion

-31- F - 445-23 The Engineer Combat Battalion (Mounted) g - 445-25 The Engineer Bridge Trains, Heavy and Light F - 445-60 The Engineer Topographic Battalion h - 445-70 Special Engineer Units' F - 445-90 Map Reproduction in the Field F - 445-105 Engineer Reconnaissance D - 445-150 Water Supply h - 445-165 Military Railways F - 445-170 Military Roads a - 445-205 General Bridging Considerations a - 445-210 Approaches, Abutments and piers a - 445-215 Stream Crossing Expedients a - 445-220 Stringer Bridges and the Use of Pile and Trestle Supports. a - 445-230 Simple Truss and Suspension Bridges a -^445-235 Portable Foot Bridges a - 445-240 Ponton Bridges

Engineer Technical Regulations

E - 1190 - 6 Special Methods of Relief Representation, a - 1190 - 14 Drafting, Basic as 190-14 a - 1190 - 24 Tracing as 190-24 ; a - l190 - 25 Topographic Drafting as 190-25 a - 1190 - 26 Mechanical Drafting a - 1190 - 35 Care and Adjustment of Instruments as 190-35 B 1190 - 40 Instrumental Methods a - 1190. - 45 Meridian Determination as 190-45 B - 1190 - 50 Surveying Tables A - 1190 - 65 Underground Water b - 1300. - 20 Intrenching Tools D - 1445 - 85 Field Astronomy- D - 1445 - 90 Geodetic Surveying D - 1445 - 95 Hydrographic Surveying D - 1.445 -1.00 Instrumental Surveying b - 1445 -206 Mechanics of Bridge Design and Strength of . Materia Is, g - L445 -225 Steel Bridges F - 1.445 -255 Construction in War F- 1445 -270 Cement , and Use of Concrete in War

Engineer Training Manuals

a - Carpenter b - Blacksmith C - Carpenter, Bridge. Photographer. (To be prepared by Signal Corps)

a - Printed in previous fiscal years. A - Printed during fiscal year. b - Approved for printing, previous fiscal years. B - Approved for printing during past fiscal year.

-32- C - Manuscript completed, being reviewed, D - Tentative draft issued. ■ E - Tentative draft proposed F - In preparation g - Delayed, pending development of equipment h ~ not stated.

AMY CORRESPONDENCE COURSES

'She activities of this office in the matter of Army Corres¬ pondence Courses were confined largely to the preparation of new exami¬ nations and new weighted lessons. In every case this involved the preparation of solutions, copies of which were furnished to instructors for their'convenience in grading papers and with a view to making the rating system more uniform.

MOBILIZATION AND WAR PLANS.

Work has been in progress on the revision of two special plans and the revision of the War Department General Mobilization .Plan.

*X‘ / ! THE ENGINEER SCHOOL.

The school year commenced September 5, 1925, with the Company Officers* Course, consisting of 25 student officers distributed as follows;

Captains, Corps of Engineers 4 Captain, Philippine Scouts (C.E.) i Lieutenants, United States Navy 2 l&t Lieutenants, Corps of Engineers 4 2nd " " " " 12. Cuban Officers 2

On June 5, 1926, graduation exercises were held when twenty- one officers received diplomas and two officers received certificates of profioiency,

thirteen officers attended Cornell University, twelve of whom graduated June 14, 1926, with the degree of "C.E.", One officer failed to complete the course due to illness. He will be awarded the degree of "C.E.". after making up certain work during the summer of 1926,

Two officers reported for courses at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. One officer graduated on June 8, 1926, with the degree of "B.S. in M.E.” She second offioer failed to complete the Elec. Engr. Course, due to illness.

-32- The National Guard - Reserve Officers' Course was given from March 5, 1926 to' June 5, 1926. The class comprised eleven National Guard Officers and two Reserve Officers, distributed as follows;

Majors l Captains 3 1st Lieutenants 3 2nd Lieutenants 6

Ten officers were awarded diplomas and three received certificates of proficiency,

'Hie Enlisted Specialists’' Courses were held from January 4 to June 19, 1926, 'Thirty-four students reported, twenty-eight of whom completed the instructions and were awarded certificates, as follows;

Photography and Map Reproduction 8 Surveying and Drafting 14 Machinists 6

Post Enlisted Schools were conducted between December l, 1925, and February 28, 1926, Instructions were given in the following subjects;

Genera] Education (Illiteratesj , 'Water purif ication Carpentry Sign painting Plumbing Typewriting Photography Horseshoeing . Blacksmithing

Sixty-nine students were enrolled, for the courses, forty-nine of whoa completed the courses with proficiency ratings.

ORGANIZED RESERVES.

All of the Engineer units required.under the War Department General Mobilization Plans have been allocated to Corps, Areas by organization. Steady progress has been made during the past year in the formation of these units. The number of Engineer Reserve Officers in the Territorial Assignment Group has increased from 5821 to 5997, and the > number of Engineer Reserve Officers in the Branch Assignment Group increased from 458 to 501, The total increase of Engineer Reserve Officer personnel during the past year is, therefore, 23.9 officers.

During the past fiscal year, the following Reserve Officers in Branch Assignment Group have been called to active duty and trained in

34- their various Y.obi lizatioii assignments:

Colonels 3 lit. Co lone Is 5 Majors 20 Captains 41 1st Lts. 1? 2nd Lts. 12 Total 98

Approximately L9 per cent of the Reserve officers in the Branch Assignment Group underwent active duty training during the past fiscal year. More officers signified their desire to take active duty training and would have done SQ had sufficient funds "been available for this purpose.

On June 30, 1926, there were .58 Regular Engineer officers on duty with the Organised Reserves.' All were engaged upon this .work in addition to their other duties. On"June 30, 1925, there Wore 43 Regular Engineer Officers on Organized Reserve duty, there being an increase of 15 officers on this duty during the past year.

RAP? 10 UAL GUARD

She Rational Guard Engineer service suffered a slight ■ decrease in its enrollment for the past fiscal year. As obtained from the Militia Bureau the figures are as follows: Warrant- Enlisted Of ficers ' Officers Men Total

Strength on June 50, 1925. 410 10 6920 7340 Strength on June 30, 1926. 360 ir 6807 6807 decrease 50 increase 1 decrease 113 .Total 162 decrease

Status of the Engineer Units of the National Guard on June 30. 1926.

101st Regt. 26th Div. Mass. ' Complete. 102nd if 27th n N. Y. Complete. 103rd ft 28 th n Penn. Complete. 121st ' It 29 th u D.C. Complete. n 105th It 30th II N.C. and S.C. Complete (Less "C and lied.Dept.Ret.). 106th' 31st Hiss, and Fla. Complete (Less E

-35- 110th Regt* 35th DIv« S.D. CompLete. illth n 36th n Texas Complete (Bess "A*.1). 112th it 57th it Ohio CompLete, 113th n 38 th f! Ind. CompLete. 115th ft 40th If Utah Rot organized. 116th it 41st If Idaho and Oregon Co. "A”, only, organized 118th it 43rd 11 E.I. lot organized. 119 th ?! 44th U N.J; Complete. 120 th Vi 45th ft Ok la. and !.M. CompLete (Less Med.Dept. Dot.). 125th Btt. 21st Cav, Div. . Penn, Co. "A", only, organ¬ ized. 126th Bn. 22nd ?! " Wis. Unorganized I2?th 1? 23rd If " Ala, ■ Cos. "A" and "B" organized. 128 th n 24th ft " Colo. Unorganized, 133rd G-S Regt Ala. and Ga. Co. "E", only, organized 11 164th GS i! Tenn. Cos. "A , and "B" organized.

B.O.T.O.

Hie total enrollment increased 10% over 1925, the increase being all in the Basic Course. Corps Area Commanders Limited the enrollment, due to lack of funds, so that the .initial enrollment at the beginning of the school- year 1925-26 would not exceed the initial enrollment for the school year 1524-25. 2Ses-l0% increase in total enrollment, was due to the smaller percentage of losses during the college year and to a more careful selection of men from a physical, scholastic and general ability standpoint.

That the units are 'well balanced is indicated by the fact that over 30% of the enrollment is in the advanced course. This high percentage in the advanced course is due to the thoroughness of the course of instruction and the initiative and energy exerted by the Engineer officers in building up their units.

During the present year 438 students were graduated or an average of nearly twelve graduates to each of the 38 officers of the Corps of Engineers on R.O.T.C. duty. This is an increase of 22% in number graduated over last year.

It is expected that during .the coming year approximately 500 students will be graduated, or an average of about 15 per Engineer officer on B.Q.T.C. duty. This is - the goal set by the War- Department to be reached by the Engineer units, since the production by the B.O.T.C of 500 Reserve Officers annually will build up and maintain the officer personnel of the Corps of Engineers Reserve called for by Mobilization plans.

The high percentage of students in the advanced course and the highly satisfactory ratio of the number of graduates to the

36- number of officers on duty directly result in a low cost per Reserve Officer produced from this source. The training programs followed by the Engineer R.O.T.C. are well coordinated and are being effectiveiy""'"' carried out; the units are in a high state of efficiency. .

The institution authorities are now highly appreciative of the material benefit and improvement which the R.O.T.C. has had on the student bodies, and, inmost institutions, credit is now given on an academic basis, for all work in the military department. During the year, the six weeks camps, one of which is required of each student, to supplement with practical military work the theoretical work given at the college, were held at the following stations;

I Camp Devens, Mass. Ill Fort Humphreys, Va. ' .IV Fort Bragg, K.C. VI Camp Custer, Mich. VII Fort Snelling, Linn. VIII Fort Logan, Colo. IX Camp Lewis, Wash.

The morale of the students was, in general, very high and the instruction was well given.

While the enrollment is satisfactory, and the training and efficiency of the units are also satisfactory, there is still much to be desired in the proper location of the units. There is no Engineer unit in the II Corps Area and there are five in the III Corps Area, and the situation in other Corps Areas varies between these two extremes, thus resulting in a poorly balanced distribution.

C.M.T.C.

Engineer C.I-.T.C. Camps were held at the following stations, during 1925, for White and 31ue students 5

I Camp Devens, Mass. II Fort Dupont, Del. Ill Fort Humphreys, Va.. V Fort Knox, Ky. VI Camp Custer, Mich. VIII Ft. Sam Houston, Texas. IX Ft. Douglas, Utah Del Monte, Calif. Camp Lewis, Wash.

These camps will be discontinued by the War Department in 1928, and in 1927, only the Blue Course will be given for Engineer students.

-37- .THE ENGINEER- R1FIE TSAtk

Therefore no National Bif io Matches held during the year- 1926. ' = . . .

■ SUPPLY

' ; ' ■

Under the direction of the Assistant Secretary of War*- the Chief of Engineers is charged with the preparation of industrial war plana to provide for;the mobilization of materiel and industrial 'organizations essential to war time requirements of Engineer supplies. These plans contemplate decentralized procurement with centralized control. They have been carried.into effect by the division of the country into sin procurement districts/ with.headquarters at the follow¬ ing cities * ..

hew York Philadelphia. . • Buffalo Pittsburgh Chicago • San Francisco and a central supervising organization in the Office of the Chief of Engineers. ' • ' -

In each of the above-named cities the administration anc. activities of the procurement district are under the charge of a military assistant of the local District Engineer, The latter is charged with general supervision of the procurement work.

During the year the principal work dona in connection with the industrial war plans in the Office, Chief of Engineers, was as follows*- .preparation, and distribution, to-the various districts, of an itemized list of Engineer -supplies, required for a major emergency; allocation of supplies, to various districts according to their capacity to produce; preparation of ‘Specific procurement .plans; making studies of strategic raw materials required- in-the. manufacture of Engineer supplies; revision of procurement, plans'with a view to substitution and simplification; supervision• of -procurement district, activities; training of personnel; and 'the' completion, of tho organization of the Central Control Section, Office, Chief of Engineers,

In the several procurement districts operations consisted in the completion of district organization by the examination and assignment of reserve officers; the training of reserve officers assigned to the district; the locating and surveying of firms suitable for the manufacture of supplies; and the placing of accepted schedules of production. In addition, special studies, initiated by this office

-58- or the Office of the Assistant Secretary of War,.were made.

Procurement planning, both in the Office, Chief of Engineers, and in procurement districts, has been seriously handicapped due to the lack of funds. In order to carry on the work in the procurement districts it was necessary to utilize office space and clerical services paid for from River and Harbor funds. Furthermore, in the, Office of the Chief of Engineers, due to lack of fundsj the preparation of specific procurement plans'and'of specifications has been seriously delayed. On June 30th, 1926, it was necessary to dispense with the services of a railway expert, although his services are essential for procurement planning.

She following estimates which are necessary for procurement' planning have been included in the preliminary estimates of the fiscal year 1928 budget under "Engineer Operations in the Field":--

Operation of 6 procurement district off ices,...... §14,060.

Clerical hire. . . ..$10,080 Stationery & office supplies...... 900 Scientific & educational supplies... .. 200 (Telephone & postal Service...... 720 Office rental. .. 2.160 £14.060

•Ihe assignment of reserve officers to Procurement Districts, Central Control Section and Depots has progressed very satisfactorily during the year. A total of 236 reserve officers, or over 92 per cent of the number required, have so far been assigned.-

PHOCUREMEHT OF BHGIFEBR BQ.UIrMBHf Aid) SUPPLIES.

The peace time procurement of Engineer equipment and supplies for troops and for seacoast fortifications is centralized in the Supply Section, Office, Chief of Engineers, with the exception of the local procurement.of certain fortification plant, office supplies and miscel- -laneous operating supplies, by Engineer depo't supply officers and Corps Area and Department Engineer officers. Procurement of seacoast material is based on the recommendations of the Construction Section, Office, Chief of Engineers. Procurement of equipment and supplies to be issued to troops is based on requisitions from the field and replenishments as determined by normal consumption and depreciation.

War Reserve

She 19 items authorized for the War Reserve for the Corps of Engineers are below the quantities authorized for the reserve for one million men to the amount of ^2,031,000.00. Ho money is available to

-39- build up the War Reserve- Searchlights are especially important as they are essential and their production requires considerable time- It is believed that the War Reserve should be built up at the rate of 10 per cent per annum which would entail an annual expenditure of §200,000.00.

Stocks.

The Chief of Engineers has a stock of approximately §6,000,000.00 worth of equipment and supplies, which is being depleted annually at the approximate rate of §600,000.00. A large number of tho items are in excess of the needs of the Corps of Engineers and will be for a number of years. These will continue to be issued, without reimbursement of funds, until the stocks on hand fall below a year's requirements. For the 5/ear 1927. it is estimated, that §120,000.00 should be .expended for the replacement of items, the stocks of which fall below a year's requirements; while in 1932, due to the decrease of items on tho Free Issue List, it is estimated that §211,000.00 will be required..

The appropriation for Engineer supplies for 1927 was only §26,780.00, as was also the case for the year 1926. ■ This continued depletion of stocks, without sufficient funds for replacement, will in a few years cause a serious shortage of Engineer, supplies.

During the year work was carried on as follows-- preparation of proposed tables of allowances; compilation of data, on prices, weights and cubage of standard equipment;- revision of peace and war requirements; preparation of requirements for various war plans; revision of free issue list; preparation of estimate of funds for Engin¬ eer equipment and supplies for all components of the Artsy.

Special work was carried on in the preparation of tables of supplementary equipment for all special Engineer units; study and com¬ pilation of -requirements for War Department General Mobilization plans; and, miscellaneous data and estimates for tho General Staff and for the Assistant Secretary of War.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT AID SUPPLIES

In accordance with. Arn^ Regulations, the Chief of Engineers is required to have specifications available for all articles which he stores and issues. Specifications-' arc -obtained' from the procurement agency of the item in question, or prepared by the storing and issuing branch, subject to the usual, coordination.

The status of specifioations for' the fiscs 1-year 1926--is--

a. Dumber required, based on requirements list.5583

b» Humber of specifications approved, and published to date...... -c .-u 0...... 1282

-40- cs. Number of specif ioations prepared in tentative fora and available for use in an emergency -... 1474

jd. Number of 'Federal Board-specifications changed into U, S, Array specifications and published* *...».... IS

SURPLUS STOCKS.

Surplus stocks valued at approximately yS?,300*00 were transferred to other Departments of the Government. Sales of surplus supplies, to amount of *23,784,32 were made to private- individuals* fiie cost price to the -Government of this equipment was §138,284*89. For''the most part these- supplies consisted of worn out. and obsolete equipment, which, accounts for the low retuf-n compared to previous years,

iss.u. OF • assiBaat cGumacz-H AND Depots,

Go provide for the -storage and issue of Engineer equipment and supplies tire Chief of Engineers maintains the following nine, active depots;- . ■

Columbus, Ohio ' : . -Brooklyn, N. Y. Fort Sam Houston, Senas, • San -Francisco, '-Cal. ■ ■ . Schenectady, H.Y. • Fort Humphreys, Va. ’ • Panama, Corozai, 8.2. • Hawaii, Honolulu, H. Oh Philippines', Manila, P, I.

Issue

Issues to organizations of the Regular Array are made'bv the depots, upon approval of the Corps Area or Department Engineer concerned. Issues to National Guard, R.O.'P.C. and C.K.T.C, are made from the various depots upon the authorization of the Chief of Engineers* Exception is .made in the case of the 8th and 9th Corps Areas, where the Corps Area Engineer has authority to approve requisitions for the National Guard, R.O.T.C, and C.M.T.C. organizations within the Corps Area.

For the storage of explosives, caps and fuses, arrangements have been made, with the Ordnance .Department,- to act as agent of the Corps of Engineers, for the storage 'and issue of these explosives at the following Ordnance depots;- Raritan, H.J.• Savanna, III.; Fort Jin- gate, 1T.M. • and Benicia, :Cat.

One total value of stocks, exclusive of explosives, is esti¬ mated at §6,000,000.00; explosives are valued at §450,000.00.

-41- \ ENGINEER SEC TIONS CO LIMBUS GENERAL RESERVE PEROT

Shis depot, the largest of the Engineer depots, having a stock of supplies valued at &2,000,000.00, issues directly to all units of the Army located in the 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th Corps Areas, • In addition, replenishment shipments are made to all other Engineer depots.

Operating Data,

Requisitions received and filled annually ...... L,090

Tonnage hano.led..eo..,.,,.,,...,,,...... ,...... 5R9 Average number of employees,, including 0ulisted personne 1....,...... ©*,.00.00,0®,.®.. 18 Estimated amount chargeable to depot operations: Personal services...... ,$21,260 Supplies, power, etc...... ®®.... 1,840

ENGINEER SECTION. NM YORK- GENERAL INTERMEDIATE DEPOT

This depot supplies the 1st and 2d Corps Areas ana handles the majority of shipments made to Panama, Hawaii and the Philippines, It also has a seacoast section for supplying parts for electric instal¬ lations at seacoast fortifications, mobile searchlights, generating sets, and similar equipment. An instrument repair section operated by skilled technicians is maintained for the repair of transits, alidades, levels and other delicate instruments. A stock of surveying instruments is maintained at Brooklyn for. the exclusive use of the District Engineers ■who are authorized to draw instruments therefrom.on.direct request to the Engineer Supply Officer, The Engineer Supply Officer also acts as representative of the Chief of Engineers in checking and reporting on all overseas shipments, as -well as the inspection of purchases consigned to foreign depots. This depot has excellent facilities for shipment, either by rail or water, and is located in the center of a great manufacturing district which affords great savings in transportation costs on shipment from factory to storage point.

Operating Data

Requisitions received and filled annually..806 Tonnage hand Lad,.465 Average number of employees 16 Estimated'amount chargeable to depot operations; Persona 1 services.V,. |20,840 Supplies, power, etc. e...... 1,52?

EBGINEER SECT 10II.. 8th CORPS' GENERAL AREA DEPOT. FT, SAM. HOUSTON, TEXAS.

This depot issues Engineer supplies to all organizations located in the 8th Corps Area and is under the direct supervision of

-42- the 8th Corps Area Engineer. In addition, there is a quantity of rail material at various points in the 8th Corps Area from which issues are made from time to time* She Engineer, 8th Corps Area, has authority to approve issues of authorized supplies required "by organi¬ zations of the Regular Army, R*0*T,C., Rational Guard and C.M.T.C. located in this area.

Operating Data

Requisitions received and filled annually.*505 Tonnage hand led.,,, 549 Average number of employees, including .eniisted personnolao.ooooftoooooocoooeooooocooo*** IS Estimated amount chargeable to depot operations-.

' Personal services*0...... '416,500 Supplies, power, etc* oooo^cecooeeooooooeocpo* 5o4

EEGIITESR SECTIOH* SAN FRAHCISCO GEHERAL IRTERMBDIATE REPOT

This.depot serves all organizations in tho 9th Corps Area, and in addition handies a few small shipments to Hawaii and the Philip¬ pines, The supply of organisations in the 9th Corps Area is made on requisition approved by the 9th Corps Area Engineer*

O-perating Bata

Requisitions received and filled annually.*.,.,. 26? Tbnnage hand led, .. *• . 116 Average number of employees, including enl isted personno l * * *. * * *. * *,.. * * *. * *.. .o ~ . 4 Estimated amount chargeable to depot operations;' Personal services... *,. .> *,, .$2,800

Supp 1 IPS, pO»VGj.'S OtO* 400 4 00 *00 POO* 000 6 ft* o 6 6 o o 6 ZoO

ENGINEER SECTION. SCHERECTnPI GENERAL RESERVE DEPOT.

This depot is utilized for the storage of heavy ponton equip¬ ment, search lights and other material too heavy and bulky to be stored at Brooklyn. Due to limited, funds, the. personnel has been so reduced that, during the last year it was barely sufficient to maintain the equipment in serviceable condition.

Onerating Data

Requisitions received and filled annually*. ,00068

Tonnage nand led. 0**86660606 ooooooocc eooeooooooooc 4 0* o03 Average number of employees, including i en 1 isteci po'X sonne 100060*600546608600000,060600 c n a t? o e O Estimated amount chargeable to depot operations;

P 3 r S O na1 SerVlOOSoooocoooocooopoococoeooooe*** * * .$3,192 SKSIK&SR DEIOT, ,3?QHr IMgHRESSLYA.

25iis depot stores and issues supplies for the Engineer School, l3th Engineers and 29th Engineers, During the past year it.has "been operated hy one civilian employee, and day labor as required.

Operating. Data ,

Personal services.«».*...oee«o»,4>3,000. Supplies...... o c• 600.

This depot is operated, by detachments of enlisted men from the iith Engineers and the Engineer headquarters of the Panama Depart¬ ment. It receives, stores and is sties Engineer supplies for the mobile forces,, for the tsar reserves, and for the District Engineer of the Canal Zone,

Ogoratijig^ata

Estimated amount chargeable to depot operations* Personal services...§6,300. Supplies, power, etc ...... 3,700.

In this depot are stored supplies for the mobile forces and authorized war reserves.

Ouerating Data

Estimated amount chargeable to depot operations; Personal, services. §1,803. Supplies, power and light, etc., 363.

"" PHIUPPtHE .M^niESa DEPOT, .

In this depot are stored supplies for all organizations in the Philippine Islands, the forces in China, and war reserve for the Philip¬ pines.

Operating Data.

Estimated amount chargeable to depot operations* personal services.* §3,722. Supplies, power, etc, 498.

Replenishment of the stock of the Engineer depots in Panama, Hawaii and the Philippines is obtained by periodic requisitions of the

-44- Department Engineer on the Chief of'Engineers

INACTIVE DEPOTS

Engineer sections are assigned, hut at the present time are inactive, at Chicago Quartermaster Intermediate Depot and at New Cumber¬ land General Reserve Depot.

ENGINEER OPERATIONS IN THE FIELD

In time of peace the duties carried on under the genera] designation "Engineer Operations in the Field" are restricted to the operation of Corps Area and Department Engineer offices, tho Infantry Scliooi at Fort Banning, the Field Artillery School at Fort Sill, the Cavalry School at Fort Riley, the 9th Engineers at Fort Riley, and the 13th and 29th Engineers at Fort Humphreys. ®ie work includes the prepara¬ tion of maps and the detailed work in connection therewith; the operation of blueprinting and photostating machines; purchase of other technical supplies; purchase of lumber and other material to be used in the Engineer training of troops; and for repairs to bridges and roads in connection with field maneuvers; purchase of fuel for the operation of motor vehicles in connection with mapping and demonstration; and provides for salaries of civilian personnel at Corps Area and Department head¬ quarters, In 1926 approximately $55,000 under this heading was used in the operation of the Engineer Reproduction Plant at Washington Barracks, but, commencing with the fiscal year 1927, all funds required for the operation of the Reproduction Plant will come from "Military Surveys and Maps". During the past year this appropriation has also provided for the Engineer operations of the ‘American Forces in China.,

For the fiscal years 1925, 1926 and 1927 funds were requested under this appropriation to operate the procurement districts, but were not received. For this YJork an item of $14,060.00 has been included under this appropriation in the 1928 estimates.

During the fiscal year 1926, approximately $162,875.43 was expended under this appropriation. However, of this amount, approximate¬ ly $96,975.20 were reimbursements for work done by the Engineer Reproduc¬ tion Plant.•

-45- SEACOAST jj'OBT IFICATIOHS

.Strate£ica I, Importanc e_ _o.f.Major_AtTO3tagat.

It is believed that our existing coast defense project; is ’cased on sound principles which have not been altered by the development of new implements of warfare, Proa the viewpoint of & strategical defensive the first hostile forces to he encountered will "bo naval and air forces, She first lines of defense against these are our own naval and air forces. Should tire hostile naval force by any chance succeed in defeating or eluding our navy, it must be borne in mind that the first objective of our air force will be the hostile air force. It is yet to be proved that the battIship cannot be protected against air attack by airplanes and anti-aircraft fire. Granting that aircraft constitute a formidable yeans of assistance in protecting our coast line, it would nevertheless be unsafe to depend solely on tiiat beans of defense after our navy has been passed, The airplane is primarily' a weapon of offense and not of defense. It will very probably be .engagedWith hostile air¬ craft at the time hostile battleships, begin an. attach on our coasts, We must have other defensive means to combat the armament.'of the battleship She ultimate success of our naval and air forces is dependent on offens¬ ive action, The offensive cannot be undertaken unless we are assured that our saacoast cities, navy yards- and.harbors, are reasonably protect¬ ed against bombardment, because we would otherwise, be forced to chain down our means of offensive warfare to our coasts and harbors.' ai^.lon-oL_l&nl5Gh..&un..

2L-;- major armament of battleships now has a maximum range of 35,ooe yards. The best weapon of defense against'this armament is the 16-inch gun,, with a maximum range of 49,000 yards. Y'/herever these guns are emplaced we can feel .fairly wo 11 assured‘against'bombardment of largo and.strategicaliy vital areas from the hostile navy.

The project for the installation of major caliber batteries is praoticaily at a standstill due to lack of funds. It should be recog¬ nized, however, that the execution of this project aces not justify the abandonment of the armament already a* in place, This armament still re¬ mains the main defensive element in these localities whore the 16-inch guns are not emplaced, and constitutes an important interior line of defense where 16-inch guns are installed, ITo naval commander can afford to ignore the medium caliber armament even if the IS-inch batteries are silenced.

Existing Project,

lire approved project for the emplacement of 50-caliber lb-inch guns comprises 28 guns for the Continental. United States, panama Canal, and Territory of Hawaii. The total estimated cost is approximately 08,747,000, exclusive of cost of land. The installation of 6 of these guns had Been completed at the end of the Fiscal Year 1924. At the end of the present Fiscal Year the construction of emplacements for 4 guns at the Panama.Canal was progressing very slowly due to inade¬ quate appropriations. The estimated cost of completing the entire project, if appropriations are adequate to insure economy of construc¬ tion,' is §7,070,000. (End of Fiscal Year 1926) ' •'

Defense of Panama Canal. :

It is perhaps need loss to emphasise the importance of pushing 'the work at-the Panama‘Canal. Considering hoth the commercial and strategical importance of the Canal, it is obvious that its proper protection.should be one of the prime cons idsrations'in our plans for national Defense. At the present rate of appropriations it. will be 22 years before the program for the installation of 16-inch guns at the entrances to the Canal is completed. The uneconomical effects of piecemeal appropriations are already beginning to show in expenditures in excess of the original estimates which were based on an annual appropriation of at least §500,000 a year. . Approprrations should either be based on an economical expenditure of funds or deferred, altogether until the Government can afford to provide sufficient funds to carry on the work with a view to completion.three years after commencement.

Railway Artillery.

She War Department has recognized the importance of providing a strong mobile reserve of large caliber railway artillery to be . • available to supplement the fixed defenses of defended harbors and to assist in the defense of undefended portions.of our:coast. As a result of studies made by. the Corps of Engineers, one 14-inch railway gun, Kodel 1920, made during the Fiscal Year, a successful movement from Aberdeen, Ed., to Fort EacArthur,. California, where a concrete emplace¬ ment had been constructed for it.

Importance of Searchlights.

Since the World War the development of means of passive defense against airplane attacks has become of paramount importance as a supplement to aerial, defense. Bombing attacks will undoubtedly take place principally under cover of darkness. Hence, the development of the 60-inch, mobile, high intensity, anti-aircraft .searchlight has become as essential as the development of the anti-aircraft gun and the anti-aircraft airplane.. neither. the. gun nor the airplane can be effect¬ ively used in defense against bombing without an efficient searchlight. The searchlight in itself forms an effective weapon against the.night bomber in that he. can neither, effectively see his target nor .his sights, when blinded by its glare from which ha cannot escape. Its development

47. is just as important as that of the airplane.

General Development of Searchlights-

Progress in the development of the mobile anti-aircraft searchlight has’ been"very gratifying. The highest development at the close of the World War comprised a 60-inch open type searchlight carried on a Cadillac chassis. The use of the open type had.been necessary to keep the weight down to the point necessary to insure ^ adequate mobility. The open type searchlight lacked much of the effi¬ ciency and many of the refinements which had been incorporated in the pre-war drum type of fixed light used in the harbor defenses, pur efforts since the World War have been devoted-to developing a drum type of light which would be of no greater weight than the open type and which would have a finding and illuminating efficiency at least equal to that of the pre-war fixed defense searchlights. This has been accom¬ plished in the Sperry Model 1925 mobile anti-aircraft searchlight, 9 of which were manufactured and purchased during the 'fisgiil Year 1926 and issued to anti-aircraft troops. The Sperry Model 1925 searchlight is constructed entirely of aluminum alloy, by means of which, the reversion ■ to the use of the drum and front door is made possible, the 150 ampere, ■high intensity lamp mechanism is fully automatic and produces a beam :>f maximum intensity for lohg periods without the constant attention of an extra man. A distant el'e'dirical control has been supplied f.o,r -the first time in connection with;1mti-aircraft searchlights. . \

Development of Lamp Mechanism. • .

The Chief of Engineers has foreseen the necessity of a higher powered searchlight for anti-aircraft purposes, which would increase the finding power by means of a beam' which would be broader than that now projected'by the present Model 150.ampere lamp mechanism, and of at least'equal intensity. Recent anti-aircraft maneuvers have demonstrated that the finding and illuminating power of the searchlight and therefore the efficiency of anti-aircraft defense, would be greatly increased by such a development- During the Fiscal Year considerable progress has been made in the development of a 250 ampere lamp mechanism and of high intensity carbons having the necessary burning characteristics under this increased current. This development has reached the stage where its test for comparative results under field conditions is justified and.such a test will be carried out during the anti-aircraft tests scheduled to be conducted at Aberdeen during the fall of the present calendar year. Recent photometric tests have demonstrated that this lamp will produce a beam of about ten times the finding power (highly illuminated area at same range) of- the 150 ampere lamp. . '

Progress in Development of Searchlights.

The accompanying diagrams give a graphical representation of the progress of the develofsnent of the high intensity searchlight, based on illuminating power (beam'candle power) and mobility (candle power per pound), including the 250 ampere anti-aircraft searchlight, the development

-48- MI L I T A R Y SEARCHLIGHTS

Graphical illustration of development of ILLULIIMTIHG POWER This is principally lamp development. Late Graph of Development Type Current (Beam candle power) (Amps)

19 IS □ 80 million 60" Old Portification Type 200 Pre - War (Pixel Port TypsS) ^ 1914 £00 million 60" Improved Electrodes. 180

11916 J 800 million £0" High Intensity. 150

1917 330 million 56" Portable, High 150 War time develop- ; Intensity ments (Mobile) 1 [1918 600 million 60" Portable, Open Type 150

Post war develop¬ ment. Present 19£5 800 million 60" Portable, Drum Type 150 product. (Mobile)

Now under develop¬ ment. (Mobile) . ; J 1400 million 60" Porta,ble, Super High Intensity Lamp. 200 (Finding power against Aircraft increased 8 to 10 times) MILITARY SEARCHLIGHTS

Graphical illustration of development of MOBILITY necessary for Anti-Airoraft purposes. Beam Graph of Development • Typ e Weight Candle Power Date (candle power per lb.) lbs.. Million

1912 jJ 12,000 60" Old Fortification Type 6600 8,0 A • Pre - War Fixed Fort Types 1914 n*—! - 27,000 60" Improved Electrodes 6600 200

1916 1 1 121,000 60" High Intensity 6600 800

1917 165,000 36" Portable, High Intensity 2000 330 War Time develop¬ ments .• (Mobile) 1918 . 350.000 60" Portable, Open Type 1700 600

Post War Develop¬ ment. Present 1925 ,000 60" Portable,TD-rum 1660 800 product. (Mobile) Type

Ho tv under develop¬ ment. (Mobile) 840,000 1700 1400 60" Portable, Super High Intensity Lamp. (Finding power against Aircraft increased 8 to 10 times) of which is now in progress.’

Coordinated With Sound Locator.

On account of the rapidity of movement of the airplane, some method of practically instantaneous coordination of the directing of the Ordnance Department Sound Locator and the 6o-Inch anti.-air era ft searchlight, is necessary. The development of such a system, by means of synchronous electric transmission, in cooperation with the Ordnance Department, is now going on and gives promise of success. Preliminary tests of such apparatus will be carried on at Aberdeen during the fall of the calendar year 1926.

Procurement of Searchlights.

There are at present only two commercial manufacturers in the United States who are equipped to produce these searchlights. On account of the patent situation and the special character of the equip¬ ment , no other firm can enter this field with any hope of success. The engineering organizations and manufacturing facilities of these two firms must therefore be kept alive in tfie interests of National Defense, as studies made indicate that even these two concerns will not be able to meet the rate of production commensurate with the rate of mobilization •contemplated. Appropriations during recent years have been insufficient to provide orders for a sufficient number of searchlights to keep both of these concerns interested in searchlight.development, and one of them has had to fall behind in the-later developments.

Preservation and'Repair of Fortifications.

The Government has expended approximately $60,000,000 in the construction of our present active system of harbor defenses and its auxiliaries.’ These comprise approximately the following, number of -structures; '500 batteries, 1,000 fire control structures, 60 0 searchlight installations and power plants, 600 miscellaneous structures, comprising submarine mine and other wharves, cable tanks, storehouses, magazines, •roads, tra.ils, and railroads. All of these structures must be maintained from the appropriations for "Preservation and Repair of Fortifications" .for-the Continental United- States, the Insular Possessions and the Panama Canal. For the last few.years these appropriations have amounted to less than one-half of one per cent of the total investment, which is inadequate for economical maintenance which will prevent deterioration of valuable Government property. This deficiency has been especially marked in the Continental United States and in the Philippine Islands, where the lack of funds has caused the accumulation of many needed repair items. •

Plans for Fortifications.

Existing law inquires that before requests for fortification funds are submitted to Congress, plans and estimates shall be prepared.

-49- Funds are therefore required annually to provide for the preparation of such plans and estimates for harbor defense*projects as are under consideration and for which funds have'not as' yet been appropriated* The Chief of Engineers is"charged with the collection and* dissemination of railway data, including that pertaining to’ the movement.and 'operation of railway artillery over the railroads o'f the United States and its possessions, such data to show the practicability of transporting railway armament over the greatest possible number of line's* This involves, in part, the' collection and compilation in readily accessible form, of information concerning'the physical characteristics of approxi¬ mately 200 railroads, and the preparation of railroad maps shewing routes over which various classes, of railway artillery may be moved, both transcontinental and coastwise. A general railroad map of the United States has been prepared and will be issued shortly, which shows the principal railroads and their branches'* This is to be , followed as rapidly as funds will permit, by certain strategic maps which will show, graphically those railroads in the United States over which certain classes of the various types of railway armament may be moved* It is expected that at least one of these strategic maps will be issued during the Fiscal Year 1927* Studies were continued during the . year, in connec¬ tion with approved projects for the emplacement of l6~inch $0 .caliber gunsfor harbor defense, and revision of fortification record maps was continued in the field as far as practicable* All of the above classes of work are of a continuing nature and"funds should be available annually for their accomplishment. During the year $10,000 was expended under this appropriation, and it is recommended that $11,300 be appropriated for the Fiscal Year 1928, to be applied to the preparation of plans and estimates of projected defenses in the United States,.for continuing ' studies of the use, movement, and emplacement of railway artillery, to defray'the expense of preparation, reproduction, and distribution of railway artillery maps; and for.checking and recording technical data on fortification installations at the farious harbor defenses*

Gun and Mortar Batteries*

Funds under this appropriation are intended for the construc¬ tion of batteries and firing..positions - for both fixed and mobile harbor aiid land defense guns. * In order to-determine the suitability of the 14-inch railway *gun", Model 1920, for use against fast moving naval tar¬ gets, the' War Department decided to conduct a series of tests with such a. gun on the Pacific Coast* For firing against such targets it is neces¬ sary that the gun be so mounted that it can cover a wider field of fire than when firing directly: from its own railway carriage. To accomplish this a simply, constructed concrete block is prepared and the gun amd carriage' are mounted thereon, thus permitting the gun to- cover a field of fire of 360 degrees, if necessary. Funds in the amount of $25,000 were appropriated for construction of one such firing position, on, the Pacific Coast. Due to a change in plans, the cost of construction was reduced to $12,000 and the unexpended balance of funds is available for return to the Treasury. For the Fiscal Year 1928, preliminary estimates have been submitted for continuing the,l6-inch gun project in the United States; to provide emplacements for certain auxiliary armament; - and for other accessories necessary in connection with the defense of certain harbors.

:-5o~ It is recommended, that $313 >75.0 be made available for these purposes*

Searchlights and Electrical Installations at Seacoast Fortifications*

The funds under-, this' appropriation* are'for the purchase and installation of searchlights for "the illumination of targets for the. harbor defenses; for the purchase and. issue of'mobile anti-aircraft searchlights; for the -modification of existing searchlight installa¬ tions; the development, and test of improved searchlight projectors,- power units and control and coordinating devices; and the purchase., in¬ stallation and replacement of electric light and power plants at harbor defenses in the Continental United States- For the Fiscal Year 1926, $33 ,100 was appropriated and expended in the development and test of the 6o-inch, mobile anti-aircraft searchlight and its accessories, as already •stated in this report* While great progress has been made in the* - development of the 2.50 ampere Searchlight lamp mechanism and carbons, additional experimental work and tests will be necessary* iThis search- ’ light will require a new type of power and transportation unit and it is proposed to carry on the development of this unit as fast as avail- . able -funds will permit- It is further proposed to continue the develop¬ ment of coordinating devices and to make some improvements in the remote control which have been indicated by recent-tests# The present searchlight mirror is made of glass, is very 'expensive, and, on account •of.its fragility, is top easily damaged under field conditions. Furthermore, the possibility of its production at a rate to meet mobiliza- tlon requirements is extremely doubtful- During the World War some progress was. made in the development of a metalic mirror which could be produced in greater quantity and at a very much,reduced cost- The Armistice interrupted this development and it is proposed to continue ... the work during the Fiscal Year 1928, if, adequate funds are -available* It is recommended that $373,400"be appropriated for the Fiscal. Year 1928 for the further development of searchlights and their accessories;, for the purchase of 26 mobile ,' 6o-inch searchlight units, including mirrors, for the- Continental United States; for the modification, of five .Mack mobile searchlight units to accommodate 60-inch drum-type searchlights for-the Coast Defenses, of Los Angeles and for the installation of two 25 K.W. power sets to replace an old and’uneconomical steam power plant at Fort McKinley, Maine. ' •

• Preservation and Repair of Fortifications-

This appropriation is intended to provide funds for the mainte¬ nance, protection, and repair of existing batteries and their magazines, * fire control and mine structures, wharves, and in general, 0f all forti- .fication structures- Appropriations for this purpose in the past have not . been ample enough to provide 'for proper upkeep and progressive deterioration has resulted as evidenced by the appearance of many of the structures. Timber wharves are rotting away and steel and wood work, .as vwell as expensive mechanical equipment, have not .received proper main¬ tenance care. All of these structures and their equipment are exposed to the corrosive action of sea air, and it is essential that regular protective measures -be followed to; keep-them in condition ready for use.

-51- Reduced garrisons at many of the harbor, defenses make it impossible to' accomplish' items of minor maintenance with troop labor', which was formerly available for this purpose, and it is therefore necessary to provide for such minor maintenance.under this appropriation* Although some of the batteries and structures are not imactive use, deteriora¬ tion is progressive, and if allowed to go on,"the ultimate repair and possible replacement of parts will be more expensive than would have been the case had repairs been made promptly* Funds in the amount of |273,744. were available for this purpose during the Fiscal Year 1926, and it is recommended that $300,000 be appropriated for the Fiscal Year 1928.

Supplies for Seacoast Defenses*

Funds under this appropriation are expended for the maintenance and repair of electric light and power installations and of fixed and mobile searchlights, and for the purchase of spare parts,- tools, electric¬ al and other supplies and appliances to he used in their operation. In the fortifications of the Continental United States there is a total of 220 power -plants and 155 fixed and mobile searchlights, besides the electric power and lighting systems in 402 batteries, to be maintained from this appropriation* Appropriations have-been insufficient in the past to meet current requirements and it has been necessary to deplete the small depot stocks of certain special articles previously available to fill-requisitions from the field. Annual field requirements always exceed the available funds and many requisitions remain unfilled at the close of the year* Many ‘of the articles and parts required cannot be secured .from manufacturers in less than six months, and unless a small stock for current use is available, considerable delay is entailed in procuring necessary supplies* A minimum depot stock of parts for search¬ lights and generating equipment should be available for current use to avoid the delay due to purchase thereof in small quantities as required* .Funds should be provided with which to build up such a stock* Repair and rehabilitation of searchlights and electrical apparatus stored in depots is accomplished as far as practicable by dismantling old equipment* During the year $68 ,655 was available from which certain Departmental salaries were paid;'for the Fiscal Year 1928 it is recommended that $67,100 be appropriated.

Preservation of Historical Fortifications *

■ No appropriation was made for the Preservation of Historical fortifications under the regular appropriation for the Fiscal Year 1926. In an agreement approved by the Secretary of War in 1914, a portion of the old fortification walls of San Jur:. Porto Rico, was assigned to the United States fro .preservation anct repair. The Porto Rico Government under the agreement is to maintain certain other sections of the wall* Under an appropriation for the Fiscal Year 1925, the United States, in' cooperation with the Insular Government,, expended a total of $46,032*30, of which $20,595 *04 ■ was contributed, by the Porto Rico Government, for the preservation of at portion of these walls where work was most urgently needed. A severe storm in November, 1925, further undermined and weakened

-52- parte of the old walls, threatening their complete destruction by falling into the sea. To prevent further deterioration which would'' make the cost of restoration prohibitive,-an appropriation of $l6,500 has been made in the Second Deficiency Act, Fiscal Year 1926, approved July 3, 1926. The Insular Government has been requested to contribute $4 ,000 to cover the-cost, of the work for which it is chargeable under the Agreement. The sum of $4,404.96, previously contributed by the Insular ..Government, is still available and will be used in accomplishing these repairs, making a total of $24,904.96. With these funds it is proposed to make those repairs which are now urgently needed for the preservation of the fortifications. As far as can be ascertained at the present time, there is no urgent need for an appropriation for the main¬ tenance of historical fortifications for the Fiscal Year 1928-

Fire Control at Fortifications.

During the year $22,827 *70 was allotted, to the Chief of Engin¬ eers by the-; Chief of Coast.-Artillery,. for the accomplishment of approved fire control projects. Work was continued on projects in the Harbor Defenses of Sand}' Hook (New York Harbor) , Charleston, S.C«, and Narragan- sett Bay, and a small tract of land was purchased for -fire control stations in the Harbor Defenses of Los Angeles. As. a result of field tests on existing towers, a simplified design for ,a rigid fire control tower,- 100 feet high, has been developed and Work on the construction of one such tower was begun-near the close of the year..

•Plans for Fortifications, Insular Possessions.

The purpose.of this appropriation is to provide funds for 'defense studies, for the preparation of plans and estimates of approved projects, and'for keeping fortification maps .and records 'up to date. Experience has .shown it to be necessary that ample funds under this' appropriation be. available to the District Engineers at Honolulu and Manila, where sudden demands, usually by radio, require extensive engineer iug investigations in connection with defensive works* .During the year only $2,000 was available for this purpose, 'of which $800 was apportioned to the Manila office. In addition'to the above requirements, funds are needed to bring and keep up to date, fortification records pertaining to the defense system and required for economical .. and intelligent administra tion. It is recommended that $4,000' be appropriated for the Fiscal Year 1928.

Searchlights and Electrical-Installations, Insular Possessions.

Funds appropriated under'this item amounting to $24,000 were expended for the purchase of two 60-inch mobile searchlight units for the defenses of Hawaii. These' were completed during the year. Fir the Fiscal Year 1927 there has been appropriated the nominal amount of.$100 under- this title. There is a shortage of 111 searchlights required for anti-aircraft defense of fixed defenses and for mobile antifa-ircraft' troops in Hawaii. The total cost of supplying this shortage depends upon

-53- the rate of the combined annual purchase for the ’United States, Insular Possessions, and Panama. If-this‘rate is maintained at eleven or more per year, the cost 'will be $1,443,000. Realising the present'require¬ ment for economy in expenditures, it is recommended that 165 ,000 be appropriated for the Fiscal Year 1928, for the purchase of five 6o~inch mobile searchlight units, including mirrors, for the Hawaiian Islands. It should be noted, however, that at this rate of purchase it will be at least t\^enty-two years before the present shortage is made up. One fixed .6o-inch seacoast searchlight, now installed in the harbor .defenses of Hawaii, is at present without a reserve source of electric power. A spare generating set is available, and it is recommended that l500.be appropriated for its installation during the Fiscal Year 1928.

Preservation and Repair of Fortifications, Insular Possessions.

This appropriation is to provide funds for maintenance and repair of fortification structures, including structures for submarine mines, fire control and land defense of fortifications. Harbor defense fortification construction in Hawaii represents an expenditure of approximately $4,150,000, and annual expenditures for maintenance thereof are less than five-tenths of one per cent. , In the Philippine Islands, expenditures for fortification construction amount to approximately $9,246,000 and annual maintenance expenditures to less than one per cent. There are 135 structures in Hawaii and 253 structures in the Philippine Islands, including batteries, fire control sta.tions and searchlight and power plant shelters to be maintained and kept.in repair under this appropriation, besides 15 miles of roads, 90 land defense structures and about 3600 lineal feet of land defense trenches in the Philippines which must also be. maintained with these funds. Due to inadequate appropria¬ tions the maintenance of fortifications in the Philippine Islands is, rapidly felling behind. Deterioration of structures is rapid, due to the activities of destructive insects and the unusual severity of climatic conditions, and reduced garrisons require that such of the minor mainte¬ nance work formerly done by troops must now be done by hired labor. Larger appropriations will be necessary to bring these fortifications to a proper state of repair and to avoid further serious deterioration* Funds available during the year in the amount of $73 >595‘ were apportioned 'as follows: Hawaii ...... $15,000; Manila ...... $58 ,595• It is ; recommended that $120,000 be appropriated for the Fiscal Year 1928.

Supplies for Seacoast Defenses, Insular Possessions.

. The purpose of this appropriation is to provide funds for the maintenance and repair of electric light and power plants and systems, and of fixed and mobile searchlights, and for the purchase of spare parts, tools , electrical and other supplies, and appliances to be used in their operation, in the Territory of Hawaii and the Philippine Islands. During the past three years funds available for this purpose, especially for purchase of searchlight parts, have been insufficient to meet requirements and requisitions have been returned unfilled* The purchase of necessary parts for replacement purposes alone, has been deferred fromatime to time and equipment essential to the defense of these localities cannot be

-54~ properly maintained. During the year there was' available for...this'1 ■ ' purpose. 134 )000 , which "-'apportioned as follows: "Hawaii V. .-. .$14 ,500; Philippine’ islands”" . .7. .'.$19 ,500. -Owing ib 'the' isolation' of these" defenses, which may be subject to surprise attack’-, "there should exist an adequate local stock of’ parts and supplies for searchlights'and electric generating equipment. The absence of this' stock would”be* serious in time o'f ‘war. ' Appropriations "to ‘ date have not’’been adequate to commence the’ accumulation' of su’ch a stock." 'For the Fiscal Year 1928 it is recommended that 154,750 be appropriated.'

Plans for Fortifications. Panama Canal..

Funds' are. required under this appropriation''for the same purposed as already"noted''uiider the heading’ of Plan’s in other" paragraphs. During the year’ an appropriation of $4,400 was’ available for the’ above purposes! 'Experience has’"shown' that’ ample’ funds" Under 'this'appropria¬ tion should be available to”the’ ’District" Engineer at’ Panama",’"■where suddeii demands’, often by radio’, require 'extensive"engineering’ investi¬ gations “in ’connection’ with’ defense'studies'. ‘It is recommended that $4,000 be appropriated for the Fiscal Year 1928. -. *

Seacoast Batteries, Panama Canal.

The purpose of this’appropriation is to 'provide " fund's, for’the construction of gun and mortar 'batteries' for ‘th'e defense- of the"Panama Canal.’ For the Fiscal Year 1925 funds were available in the amount of $200,000’ for beginning construction'work on- ’emplacements for 'four ’ 16-inch 'rifle’s at the "Pacific entrance "o’f "the' Canal',’’'the total' estimated cost of .the ■'engineer work involved in"this project being $1,450,000, ba;se.4 on a "three-year cohstr-uctioii program.'- Funds” iii the amount’ of $130,000 were appropriated for' continuing this work"during the present year, and appropriation of $100,000 has been made’for continuing'' operations during the Fiscal Year 1927 , making a total of §430',000 appropriated 'over' a period of three years ,”or” less than $145 ,000" a"year* At this rate it will require at least ten year's "to- complete’the projects The engineer work involved in-this project consists of detailed surveys, plans’ ana estimate's ; a ’ construction ’ camp and water supply system- temporary ’shore landing" and construction railroad "for receiving" supplies, guns’ and carriage’s”; ’ transportation by water"routes'' of all’ ’construction ’ material's and plant; construction-of foUr gun blocks; handling"," storing” and mounting four guns 'arid carriages’;’ ‘construction'’of "sixteen"ammunition magazines', with ‘over :sxx: mile's ' of'"permanent' ibro'a’d'”gauge" service" railroad from" shore landing" to all’guris , magazines j --'and power'--pIants"; 'two' large” bombproofed fire’ control plotting 'rooms; two power plants;” purchase’ and installation of four electric generating"sets with" power arid "lighting auxiliaries’; construction.o"f an underground'high'-tenslon electric power and light transmission system, and canstruct’ibri of "a" permanent wharf. With funds appropriated for 1925 arid 1926/ 'detailed plans and estimates have been’, prepared; a temporary ’ shore-landing far materials and’ construc¬ tion track has been” placed; ’construction' camp"has ‘ bee’n- established and partial water supply installed’;’’two gun blo cks’have 'been' built arid the guns and carriages mounted thereon; two magazines have been built and

-55- one partially completed; service railroad has been placed from the two guns to” magazines; excavation for one plotting room has been com¬ pleted; temporary electric power consisting of two small gasoline- electric generating sets, has been installed, and one high pressure air compresser'has been purchksed and temporarily installed. At the present rate' of progress the ’ultimate, cost of this project will be from 15 to 25 per cent more than the estimate, as it is impossible to complete a project of this size in an economical manner under the restricted annual program now xlollowed* In order that this project may be completed within a reasonable time and that we may realize the full benefit from our investment without unnecessary delay, it is essential that ample funds be made available annually for carrying the work to completion. It is recommended that $500,000 be appropriated for this purpose for expenditure during the Fiscal Year 1928. Funds in the amount of $3 ,950 were expended during the year on the construc¬ tion of four emplacements for anti-aircraft guns at the Pacific entrance to the Canal, .as. part of the defense against aircraft. The use of large caliber railway artillery is contemplated to supplement the defenses now installed and projected. As the use of such artillery against fast moving naval targets requires the construction of stable firing positions, such positions should be established in order that they may be available for practice, as well as for use in emergency* Four positions have been selected in the Canal Zone and it is recom¬ mended that funds in the amount of $128,878 for the necessary construc¬ tion work be appropriated for completion of the project during the Fiscal Year 1928. For defense against enemy aircraft the project provides for the installation of certain fixed anti-aircraft guns located in strategic positions throughout the Canal Zone, these posi¬ tions to consist of gun blocks, magazines, storehouses and roads for access thereto . The guns and other elements should be placed .in advance of their need in an emergency, in order that the positions may be properly prepared and be available for practice. It is recommended . that $114,000 be appropriated fo.r work on this phase of the project during the Fiscal Year 1928. The armament now installed for protection of the Atlantic entrance to the Canal" is’ not of 'sufficient range* to prevent long range bombardment" of vital elements of the.‘Canal from hostile, vessels’* and ’additional" major' ’.caliber armament is necessary to .protect these elements and to afford ‘a protected' area at the Canal entrance in which our naval vessels can* take up battle formation after leaving the Canal♦ ’ The approved' defense project"provides for the installation of four lb-inch guns at this entrance to the Canal, with facilities similar to those now being‘‘placed at the Pacific entrance• * These guns can be’ emplaced at a tentatively estimated cost of $1,250>000 for engineer work, ba:sed on a three-year construction program, and it is recommended that |300 ,000 be appropriated for’initiating the. project during the Fiscal Year 1928.

Searchlights and Electrical Installations, Panama Canal.

Funds under this appropriation title s.re available for the installation and replacement of electric light and power plants and the purchase and installation of searchlights.' During the year $24,000 was expended for the purchase of two 60-inch mobile searchlight units

-56- for the Panama'Canal, and these have been ’delivered’ to* the "Coast'.*' Artillery in the United States. Four 6’0-inch, mobile searchlights-’" * purchased during the Fiscal’ Year ’ 1’9’25 have also 'been ’delivered'. '' For -the Fiscal- Year”1927 ~ funds are' available - in the amount • of $’24 ”000, with which two 6o-inch mobile searchlight’ units'may* be'purchased*' There is a shortage at-present of' nineteen'mobile’ searchlights for the defense of the Panama Canal-, which will'be reduced to seventeen provided the funds available for 1927- will purchase two lights*’ The total cost of the ’seventeen lights 'depends- upon the rate of the com¬ bined-annual purchase for the United States,• Insular Possessions and Panama* If this rate; is maintained at eleven’or more per year, the cost will be $221,000.... With smaller annual purchases the cost will probably be greater*’ It is recommended that $52,000' be made available for the Fiscal Year 1928, for the purchase of fo/uru 6o-inch mobile searchlights, including mirrors. For illumination, of .the- outer watbr areas within the range of the long range batteries, the approved project provides for-the installation of certain fixed 6o~inch search¬ lights* The searchlights and power units are on hand and’their instal¬ lation is considered'urgent * Eight lights in all are to be provided at a total cost of $156,205 for installation, and it is recommended that this amount be-made available during the:Fiscal Year 1928.

Preservation and Repair of Fortifications, Panama Canal*

Funds under this appropriation are applied to the maintenance and repair of fortifications and accessory structures, including’ structures for submarine mine defense and fire’control * There are six fortsand numerous outlying batteries and stations comprising the‘ harbor defenses of the Panama Canal, and the'cost of the" fortification structures to be maintained is over $8,000,000* Funds’ appropriated’ ’ annually for maintenance represent less than one per cent of the money value of this investment* During the year there was‘available for this purpose $50,770* In addition to routine maintenance , large repair items arise’ from time to time as a result of progressive deterioration. This deterioration is rapid in Panama, due to climatic conditions, and it is essential that repairs be made promptly as needed. Many of the o'utlying stations are in need of extensive’ repairs due to’ the inade¬ quacy of funds .for maintenance. Certain elements of the 1’6-iiich battery at Bruja Point have been completed and are to be transferred to the troops for use. These now require maintenance. The number'of ■ anti-aircraft’’’batteries, with’trails and roads, Has been increased, and’their maintenance'is heavy, due to climatic conditions. ’It is recommended that $75>000 be made available for this purpose during the Fiscal Year 1928*

Supplies for Seacoast Defenses, Panama Canal*

This appropriation is to provide’ for maintenance and repair of searchlight and electric light and power plants and’ systems , and of fixed and mobile searchlights, and for purchase - of' fools, spare parts and'supplies required in connection therewith. " During the’year $30,000 was available for the purpose. There are 48 electric generating

-57- sets' arid' 31' searchlights; tie side's the electric systems' in’all batteries and accessory structures, to be maintained’, with' ’these funds. Six additional 60-inch mobile 'searchlights will be'delivered to the Panama Canal Department’ during the Fiscal Year 1927 , and funds have been made available for purchase of two additional 6o-inch mobile searchlights during .1927 « . The cost of their maintenance will require an increase in this appropriation. Owing to the isolation of these defenses, an adequate local stock of spare parts and supplies' for this equipment 'should be available. The absence of such a stock -would be serious' in the event of war, but appropriations to. date have not been adequate to begin’the accumulation of such a stock. It is recommended that $44,400 be made available under this appropriation title for the Fiscal Year 1928.

Fire Control. Panama Canal.

Fuiids in the amount ox $70,000 were allotted’ by the Chief of Coast Artillery for. initiating the construction' of a fire'control system for the l6-inch guns at Bruja Point', Pacific entrance to' the Canal. These funds were expended'in the ’construction of'double stations on Flamenco and’ Tabcga Islands;' laying a submarine cable from Flamanco Island to Batele’Point;"building manholes and laying cable in the vicin‘. ty of the guns; and in the installation of fire control equipment.

-58- STATEMENTS OF EXPENDITURES •

' ' The '’fo’l lowing money statement's" show’ the’ status on June 30, 1926, of"all Army’items under"the act approved'February 12, 1925 1 from .which funds were^apportioned to the'Chief■of Engineers for military operations during the fiscal year 1926:

Engineer Depots, 1926.

.Amount appropriated in War De partment-Act of Feb. -12, 1925 *$ 97,210.00 ..Received as..reimbursements '4,823.52 ' ■ ■ ' . ' ; 5102,033.52 June 30, '1926, amount' expended during the fiscal year 9’6 .167 .17 July 1, 1926, balance .’unexpended .-. § 5 ,666 *35 July 1, 1926, outstanding obligations ...... 3,175 >00 . July 1, 1926, unencumbered balance . . . . . $ 2,691*35

Engineer Operations in the Field. 192.6

Amount appropriated'in-War Department Act of Feb.12, .19-25 • $ 75>735*00 Received as., reimbursements ...... 96,975 *20 .... - ■ §172,710.20 June 30, 1926, amount expended during the fiscal year . . . i62,875.43 July 1, 1926, balanced unexpended. . • 9J834»77 July 1, 1926, outstanding obligations . . . 9,401 .'23 July 1, 1926, unencumbered balance .... • • $ 433*54

Engineer Equipment of Troops, 1926

•Amount appropriated in War Department Act of Feb.12y 1925 * $ 62,305..00 Received as. reimbursements 19.540.01 ’ 8 81,845.01 June 30, 1926,. amount expended’during ’ the •.fiscal year - ■ .68 ',365 .'44 a July 1, 1926 ,'-balance unexpended ...... $'13 i’479 *57 July 1, 1926, outstanding obligations’ ’ ’ 13,358,49 • July 1, 1926, unencumbered balance . . . 121.08

Engineer School. 1926.

Amount appropriated in-War .Department Act of Feb.12, 1925 • §’’26,000.00 Received as..reimbursements...... '915*17 • • . •■■■■■ ;■ •; yyj V " t 26,915.17 June 30 , 1926 ,• amount 'expended’’ ’during’"the "’fiscal year .... ' 2,l;350.3’2 - '• ' July -I,-1926, balance’unexpended . .v , . . § St56'4,85 July 1, 1926, outstanding obligations ...... 5 ,4'C-5-85 July 1, 1926, unencumbered balance § 159*00

-59- Civilian Assistants to Engineer Officers, 1926.

Amount 'appropriated in War Department Act of Feb. "12 , 1925 • f> 46 ;‘(?20 .-00 June 30, 1926 amount 'expended during the" fiscal year. . . . 43 33'6.44' ” July" 1I926', balance unexpended...... $' 3,283.56 July 1, 1926, outstanding obligations. V - - ' ' July 1, 1926, unencumbered balance. ^ 3 ,283 *5°

Plans for Fortifications ,U.S.,1926.

Appropriated1,' act of February 12, 1925 • • . • * • • ♦ • • • • $'10;000.00 Net allotments during'fiscal year I926” . , ...... , IQ ,000.00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted . . $ 0 -

Preservation and Repair of Fortifications ,U.S. ,1926.

Appropriated, act of February" 12, 1925 » $273',!T44.00 .Net allotments duringfiscal year 192b . . . 273,45'8.51 July I, 1926, balance unallotted $') 285*49

Supplies for Seacoast Defenses,U.S•,1926.

Appropriated, act of February 12, 1925- 68;655*00 Net allotments during' fiscal year 1926 ." . . ’ ...... 68,655 *00 July i, 1926, balance unallotted. $ - 0 -

Gun and Mortar Batteries, U-S., 1926,

Appro "priated, act of February 12, 1925 ...... $;25i000*00 Net allotments during' fiscal year 1926 . ", ...... 12',000.00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted * $ 13,000.00

Searchlights and Electrical Installations at Seacoast Fortifications•, U. 5.

Appropriated, act 0f February 12, 1925 • * * • * * * * * ? * $.33 ',100.00 Net allotments during' fiscal year 19-26'...... 33 ,100*00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted $ - 0 -

Seawalls and Embankments, U.S . , 1926.

Appropriated, act, of February. 12, 1925 • • • * * * • • • • • $ 525*00 Net allotments during fiscal year 1926 . . ’ . 525■ OQ July 1, 1926, balance unallotted. ...*••$ - 0 -

-60- Fire Control at Fortifications >■ U .S . 1926. „... '

Assigned"to Chief of Engineers •. . >' . V . . , . . .$22',827>00 Net allotments during fiscal year 1926 ...... ♦ 22,827.00 - 0 -

Plans for Fortifications I .P. ,• 1926'.

Appropriated., act of February 12, 1925 • ' •. • . . • • . . . «$’:2,000.00

Net allotments during’fiscal year 1926 t . . 2,000.00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted. ....»••$ - 0 -

Supplies for Seacoast . Defenses ,■ I.P. , 1926. ■ ■

: Appropriated, act of February'12', 1925 *•»' V • f * . • • • .§,>34,000.00 Net allotments during' fiscal year 1926 ...... - 34,000'.00 July I, 1926, balance unallotted.'. - 0 -

Searchlights and Electrical Installations, H.I., 1926.

Appropriated, act of February 12, 1925 24J000.00 Net allotments during'fiscal year 1926 ...... 24,000.00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted § - 0 -

Preservation and Repair of Fortifications, I.P.,1926

Appropriated, act'of February”12 , I925 . • • $)73i595*00 Net allotments during' fiscal year ’1926"." '. V. •. 73.595 *00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted § - 0 -

Plans for Fortifications., P.C., 1926.

Appropriated'/act'of February'12', 1925 • ••*$’ 4;400.00 Net allotments during fiscal year 1926 ...... 4-.400 .00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted ...... $ - 0 -

Preservation and Repair of.Fortifications, P.C., 1926,

Appropriated, act of February’12’, 1925 • * • *$<;50 ,770 *00 Net allotments during fiscal year 1926 50.770*00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted...... - 0 -

Supplies for Seacoast Defenses. P.C., 1926. ,

Appropriated, act of February 12, 1925 '••••$ 30;000.00

Net allotments during fiscal year 1926 . . ; 30.000*00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted. 40 _

-61- Seacoast Batteries, P,;C. , 1926 .

Appropriated, act of February 12, 1925 • • • • • • • • * • *$133,950-00 Net allotments during' fiscal year 1926 ...... 133,950»00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted. 0 -

Searchlights and Electrical Installations, P.G. 1926.

Appropriated, a,ct'of February'12 ,.1925 • *• - * . ... .#24;000.00 Net allotments during' fiscal. year 1926 24 ,000-.00 July 1, 1926, balance unallotted...... $ - 0

Fire Control, P.C., 1926.

Assigned to the Chief of .Engineers...... • • • • . .$ 7QiOOO.OO Net allotments during'fiscal year 1926 ". • • 70.000.00 • July 1; 1926, balande unallotted...... - 0 -

-62-