Internet of Things Digital Tools and Uses Set Coordinated by Imad Saleh
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Internet of Things Digital Tools and Uses Set coordinated by Imad Saleh Volume 4 Internet of Things Evolutions and Innovations Edited by Nasreddine Bouhaï Imad Saleh First published 2017 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 27-37 St George’s Road 111 River Street London SW19 4EU Hoboken, NJ 07030 UK USA www.iste.co.uk www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2017 The rights of Nasreddine Bouhaï and Imad Saleh to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2017951079 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78630-151-2 Contents Introduction ....................................... xi Chapter 1. The IoT: Intrusive or Indispensable Objects? ........ 1 Nasreddine BOUHAÏ 1.1. Introduction .................................... 1 1.2. The age of miniaturization and technological progress .......... 2 1.3. The history of a digital ecosystem ...................... 3 1.4. Internet of Things, which definition? ..................... 5 1.5. The security of connected objects: the risks and the challenges ..... 5 1.6. Protocols, standards and compatibility: toward a technological convergence .............................. 6 1.6.1. The origins of some norms and standards ............... 7 1.7. Humanity, intelligence and technologies .................. 9 1.7.1. Crowdfunding as an aid to innovation .................. 9 1.7.2. Participatory environmental sensors and citizens ........... 10 1.7.3. When digital art goes into connected mode .............. 12 1.7.4. Home automation for a connected and communicating habitat .............................. 13 1.7.5. Connected objects, a step toward the enhanced human ........ 15 1.8. Conclusion .................................... 17 1.9. Bibliography ................................... 18 Chapter 2. The Ecosystem of the Internet of Things ........... 21 Ioan ROXIN and Aymeric BOUCHEREAU 2.1. Introduction .................................... 21 2.2. Context, convergences and definition .................... 22 vi Internet of Things 2.2.1. The Internet Toaster or the first connected object in history ................................... 22 2.2.2. From the Internet of computers… .................... 23 2.2.3. … to the Internet of objects ........................ 38 2.3. Conclusion .................................... 47 2.4. Bibliography ................................... 48 Chapter 3. Introduction to the Technologies of the Ecosystem of the Internet of Things .............................. 51 Ioan ROXIN and Aymeric BOUCHEREAU 3.1. Architectures recommended by the Internet Architecture Board .... 52 3.1.1. Communication between objects ..................... 52 3.1.2. Communication from objects to the Cloud ............... 53 3.1.3. Communication from objects to a gateway ............... 54 3.1.4. From objects to back-end data sharing ................. 55 3.2. Three-tier architecture.............................. 56 3.2.1. Layered architecture ............................ 57 3.3. Steps and technologies in the ecosystem of the IoT ............ 59 3.3.1. Identifying ................................. 62 3.3.2. Capturing ................................... 64 3.3.3. Connecting .................................. 65 3.3.4. Integrating .................................. 68 3.3.5. Networking ................................. 79 3.4. Opportunities and threats in the IoT ecosystem ............... 82 3.4.1. Opportunities ................................ 82 3.4.2. Threats .................................... 87 3.5. Conclusion .................................... 90 3.6. Bibliography ................................... 91 Chapter 4. Toward a Methodology of IoT-a: Embedded Agents for the Internet of Things ........................ 97 Valérie RENAULT and Florent CARLIER 4.1. Introduction .................................... 97 4.2. Multi-agent simulations, ambient intelligence and the Internet of Things ................................... 98 4.3. Triskell3S: an architecture of embedded agent-oriented inter-actions ....................................... 102 4.4. Transposition of the formalization of agent-oriented interaction to connected objects .......................... 103 4.5. Formalization ................................... 106 Contents vii 4.6. Experimentation and perspectives ...................... 110 4.7. Bibliography ................................... 112 Chapter 5. The Visualization of Information of the Internet of Things .............................. 117 Adilson Luiz PINTO, Audilio GONZALES-AGUILAR, Moisés LIMA DUTRA, Alexandre RIBAS SEMELER, Marta DENISCZWICZ and Carole CLOSEL 5.1. Introduction .................................... 117 5.2. Internet of Things ................................ 120 5.3. InfoVis and DataVis in the Internet of Things ............... 123 5.3.1. Visual analytics in the context of the Internet of Things ....... 125 5.4. Analytical visualization in the context of the Internet of Things ..... 130 5.5. Conclusion: the relevance of the use of visualization in the Internet of Things ............................... 134 5.6. Bibliography ................................... 135 Chapter 6. The Quantified Self and Mobile Health Applications: From Information and Communication Sciences to Social Innovation by Design .......................... 139 Marie-Julie CATOIR-BRISSON 6.1. Introduction .................................... 139 6.2. The evolution of interfaces and connected objects toward anthropotechnics ............................... 141 6.2.1. From e-health to the “Quantified Self” ................. 141 6.2.2. Anthropotechnics and the information ecosystem of Chris Dancy ..................................... 143 6.2.3. Connected objects as the heirs of ubiquitous computing ....... 145 6.3. Factitive dimension and value system at the heart of Chris Dancy’s relationship with his information technology ......... 146 6.3.1. The progressive development of the figure of the enhanced human in socio-digital networks .................. 146 6.3.2. Information design and data-visualization: the case of Fitbit and Existence ................................ 147 6.3.3. Animism and anthropomorphism: a particular relationship to connected objects ............................... 148 6.4. Critical perspective and avenues for reflection for reconsidering the use of connected objects and mobile applications in the field of health ................................. 153 6.4.1. Ethical and social issues related to data governance ......... 153 viii Internet of Things 6.4.2. The doctor-patient relationship transformed by connected objects and mobile health applications ..................... 156 6.4.3. The necessity of considering the point of view of doctors and healthcare professionals ........................... 158 6.4.4. Envisaging other paths for m-health technologies based on the anthropology of communication and social innovation by design ......................................... 160 6.5. Conclusion .................................... 164 6.6. Bibliography ................................... 165 Chapter 7. Tweets from Fukushima: Connected Sensors and Social Media for Dissemination after a Nuclear Accident .... 169 Antonin SEGAULT, Frederico TAJARIOL and Ioan ROXIN 7.1. Introduction .................................... 169 7.2. The IoT: a shift in the development of digital services .......... 170 7.3. Social media and the dissemination of information during a catastrophe ................................. 172 7.4. Context of the study ............................... 174 7.5. Goals of our study ................................ 177 7.6. Methodology ................................... 177 7.7. Results ....................................... 178 7.7.1. Comprehensive overview ......................... 179 7.7.2. Popularity of bots .............................. 179 7.7.3. Completeness of the shared measurements ............... 180 7.7.4. Source of the measurements shared ................... 181 7.8. Discussions .................................... 182 7.9. Conclusions .................................... 183 7.10. Acknowledgements .............................. 184 7.11. Bibliography .................................. 184 Chapter 8. Connected Objects: Transparency Back in Play ...... 189 Florent DI BARTOLO 8.1. Introduction .................................... 189 8.2. Sensitive objects ................................. 190 8.3. The myth of transparency ........................... 195 8.4. Transparency of interfaces and opacity of processes ........... 200 8.5. Conclusion .................................... 207 8.6. Bibliography ................................... 208 Contents ix Chapter 9. Status of the Body within the Internet of Things: Revolution or Evolution? ...................... 211 Evelyne LOMBARDO and