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CRITICAL THEORY and AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism
CDSMS EDITED BY JEREMIAH MORELOCK CRITICAL THEORY AND AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism edited by Jeremiah Morelock Critical, Digital and Social Media Studies Series Editor: Christian Fuchs The peer-reviewed book series edited by Christian Fuchs publishes books that critically study the role of the internet and digital and social media in society. Titles analyse how power structures, digital capitalism, ideology and social struggles shape and are shaped by digital and social media. They use and develop critical theory discussing the political relevance and implications of studied topics. The series is a theoretical forum for in- ternet and social media research for books using methods and theories that challenge digital positivism; it also seeks to explore digital media ethics grounded in critical social theories and philosophy. Editorial Board Thomas Allmer, Mark Andrejevic, Miriyam Aouragh, Charles Brown, Eran Fisher, Peter Goodwin, Jonathan Hardy, Kylie Jarrett, Anastasia Kavada, Maria Michalis, Stefania Milan, Vincent Mosco, Jack Qiu, Jernej Amon Prodnik, Marisol Sandoval, Se- bastian Sevignani, Pieter Verdegem Published Critical Theory of Communication: New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet Christian Fuchs https://doi.org/10.16997/book1 Knowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism: An Introduction to Cognitive Materialism Mariano Zukerfeld https://doi.org/10.16997/book3 Politicizing Digital Space: Theory, the Internet, and Renewing Democracy Trevor Garrison Smith https://doi.org/10.16997/book5 Capital, State, Empire: The New American Way of Digital Warfare Scott Timcke https://doi.org/10.16997/book6 The Spectacle 2.0: Reading Debord in the Context of Digital Capitalism Edited by Marco Briziarelli and Emiliana Armano https://doi.org/10.16997/book11 The Big Data Agenda: Data Ethics and Critical Data Studies Annika Richterich https://doi.org/10.16997/book14 Social Capital Online: Alienation and Accumulation Kane X. -
Many Ways to Be Right: the Unbundling of European Mass Attitudes and Partisan Asymmetries Across the Ideological Divide
Many Ways to Be Right: The Unbundling of European Mass Attitudes and Partisan Asymmetries Across the Ideological Divide The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Gidron, Noam. 2016. Many Ways to Be Right: The Unbundling of European Mass Attitudes and Partisan Asymmetries Across the Ideological Divide. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493265 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Many Ways to be Right: The Unbundling of European Mass Attitudes and Partisan Asymmetries across the Ideological Divide A dissertation presented by Noam Gidron to The Department of Government in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Political Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2016 ©2016 — Noam Gidron All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Peter A. Hall Noam Gidron Many Ways to be Right: The Unbundling of European Mass Attitudes and Partisan Asymmetries across the Ideological Divide Abstract How do individuals with conflicting attitudes on different issues – those with conservative attitudes on some issues but progressive attitudes on other issues – form their partisan allegiances? In examining this question, my dissertation advances an argument about the asymmetry in European mass attitudes across the left-right divide. I argue that when individuals connect their political attitudes to left-right ideological labels they have many ways to be right – yet mostly one way to be left. -
A Theology of Economic Reform
Faith & Economics • Number 69 • Spring 2017 • Pages 63–83 A Theology of Economic Reform Robert C. Tatum University of North Carolina at Asheville* !BSTRACT&ORTHEINTERDISCIPLINARYlELDOFTHEOLOGICALECONOMICSTOGROW ANDmOURISH FOURQUESTIONSMUSTBEANSWERED&IRST WHOSETHEOLOGYAND scholarship are relevant? Second, to what ends may theological economics be undertaken? Third, does theology support its own use and application in economics? Fourth, what code of conduct should theological econom- ics scholars follow? These questions arise precisely because theology may place its own bounds on how it can be utilized in economics. However, each religion’s theology or theologies may answer these questions dif- ferently. Accordingly, this paper seeks to answer these questions from a Christian theological perspective. JEL codes: A12, A13, B49, and Z12 he time may be right for a renaissance in theological economics, WHICH/SLINGTON DElNESASECONOMICSTHAThISPOSITIONED TRELATIVIZED ANDCRITICIZEDBYTHEOLOGYv (ERE /SLINGTONAL- lows for two interpretations of the word theology, one as “revealed truth” ANDANOTHER MORE INCLUSIVELY ASAhWORLDVIEWv &ORTHOSEWHOPER- CEIVETHEOLOGYASTHELATTER THEOPPORTUNITIESFORUTILIZINGTHEOLOGYIN economic research is perhaps limited only by scholarly standards and imagination, but for those who perceive theology as the former, greater CARENEEDSTOBEMADEWITHHOWITISUTILIZED4HEREFORE TOMOVETHE lELDFORWARD AGREATERUNDERSTANDINGISNEEDEDOFTHEWAYSINWHICH theology can be applied in economics, as well as the limits of theology in economic analysis -
Why Hollywood Isn't As Liberal As We Think and Why It Matters
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2019 Why Hollywood Isn't As Liberal As We Think nda Why It Matters Amanda Daily Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Daily, Amanda, "Why Hollywood Isn't As Liberal As We Think nda Why It Matters" (2019). CMC Senior Theses. 2230. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2230 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Claremont McKenna College Why Hollywood Isn’t As Liberal As We Think And Why It Matters Submitted to Professor Jon Shields by Amanda Daily for Senior Thesis Fall 2018 and Spring 2019 April 29, 2019 2 3 Abstract Hollywood has long had a reputation as a liberal institution. Especially in 2019, it is viewed as a highly polarized sector of society sometimes hostile to those on the right side of the aisle. But just because the majority of those who work in Hollywood are liberal, that doesn’t necessarily mean our entertainment follows suit. I argue in my thesis that entertainment in Hollywood is far less partisan than people think it is and moreover, that our entertainment represents plenty of conservative themes and ideas. In doing so, I look at a combination of markets and artistic demands that restrain the politics of those in the entertainment industry and even create space for more conservative productions. Although normally art and markets are thought to be in tension with one another, in this case, they conspire to make our entertainment less one-sided politically. -
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COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGY 1 1 Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Reflect the Dual Evolutionary Foundations of 2 Political Ideology 1 2, 3 1, 4 3 Kyle Fischer* , Ananish Chaudhuri , & Quentin D. Atkinson* 1 4 School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2 5 Department of Economics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 3 6 CESifo, Munich, Germany 4 7 Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany 8 This working paper is still under peer review. 9 *Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: 10 Quentin D. Atkinson (e-mail: [email protected]) or Kyle Fischer (e-mail: 11 [email protected]), Floor 3, Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New 12 Zealand. 13 Data, Code, and Materials are available here: 14 https://osf.io/mv2j6/?view_only=2c24869169934b5993841c1eb4058bbf 15 This study is pre-registered, details of which can be found here: 16 https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x=xs6jm8 17 We have no known conflict of interest to disclose. 18 No data used in this study have been used in any previous publications. COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGY 2 19 ABSTRACT 20 Opposition to COVID-19 response measures from many conservatives is puzzling given the 21 well-established link between conservatism and threat-sensitivity and strong pandemic 22 responses from many conservative nations. We argue a resolution is provided by the ‘dual 23 evolutionary foundations’ theory of political ideology, which holds that ideology varies along 24 two dimensions, reflecting trade-offs between: threat-driven conformity vs. -
ROUNDTABLE E-Book
GLOBAL ROUNDTABLE e-book DECEMBER 2O2O Assessing Constitutional Decay, Breakdown, and Renewal Worldwide Editors Tom Gerald Daly Wojciech Sadurski DEMOCRACY 2O2O ASSESSING CONSTITUTIONAL DECAY, BREAKDOWN & RENEWAL WORLDWIDE This e-book is a collection of short essays produced for the Global Roundtable webinar series organised by the International Association of Constitutional Law on 18-26 November 2020: ‘Democracy 2020: Assessing Constitutional Decay, Breakdown, and Renewal Worldwide’. The event was co-sponsored by the Laureate Program in Comparative Constitutional Law, funded by the Australian Research Council (ARC), and the Melbourne School of Government. These essays were initially published as a collection of blog posts on the event blog. International Association of Constitutional Law Association Internationale de Droit Constitutionnel CONTENTS Introduction iii Global Roundtable Summary iv Full Table of Contents vi Contributor Biographies xii GLOBAL CHALLENGES 1 Threats & Resilience 1 2 The Big Picture 21 REGIONAL OVERVIEWS 3 Americas 51 4 Middle East & Africa 73 5 Asia 94 6 Europe 119 COUNTRY SPOTLIGHTS 7 India & Sri Lanka 145 8 Hungary & Poland 174 RENEWAL 9 Saving Constitutional Democracy 205 Index 237 Acknowledgments 239 ii INTRODUCTION Even before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, 2020 was going to be a key milestone for those focused on the health of constitutional democracy worldwide. This year marks the tenth anniversary of the Fidesz government’s election in Hungary, which has laid down a template for the active dismantling of democratic governance through incremental and sophisticated use of law and policy. Since 2010, the number of liberal democracies worldwide whose health, or even endurance, is now in doubt has grown exponentially. -
Anti-Liberal Populism and the Threat of Russian Influence in the Regions of Georgia
ANTI-LIBERAL POPULISM AND THE THREAT OF RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN THE REGIONS OF GEORGIA Liberal Academy Tbilisi Caucasus Research Resource Center Authors: Lasha Tughushi, Koba Turmanidze, Malkhaz Gagua, Tsitsino Khundadze, Guram Ananeishvili, Tinatin Zurabishvili. Reviewer: Davit Aprasidze Administrative Supervisor: Ana Tsikhelashvili Assistant: Elena Golashvili Translation: Tamar Rurua Proof reading: Dali Zhvelia Design by: Natia Sharabidze An anonymous reviewer assisted in finalizing the text. Published with the financial support of the Open Society Georgia Foundation. The views, opinions and statements expressed by the authors and those providing comments are theirs only and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Foundation. Therefore, the Open Society Georgia Foundation is not responsible for the content of the information material. © European Initiative - Liberal Academy Tbilisi 50/1 Rustaveli av.,0108, Tbilisi, Georgia Tel/Fax: + (995 32) 293 11 28 Website http://www.ei-lat.ge Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 MAJOR FINDINGS 7 I. THE IMPACT OF CONSERVATIVE VIEWS ON THE PERCEPTION OF FOREIGN POLICY PRIORITIES AMONG THE GEORGIAN SPEAKING POPULATION IN KAKHETI AND SHIDA KARTLI 9 Foreign Policy Priorities of Kakheti and Shida Kartli Population 25 Portrait of pro-western individual 33 II. HOW DOES THE RUSSIAN NARRATIVE WORK? 42 Populism as a challenge to liberal democracy 46 Political myth as a tool for populism 51 How does myth work? 53 Myth of Katechon 55 Anti-liberal populism in Georgia’s mainstream politics, -
Russian Political Liberalism and Western Political Theory
_________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses Russian political liberalism and Western political theory. Kaehne, Axel How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Kaehne, Axel (2002) Russian political liberalism and Western political theory.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42222 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ Russian Political Liberalism and Western Political Theory Axel Kaehne Submitted to the University of Wales in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Wales Swansea 2002 1 ProQuest Number: 10797924 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Political Conflict and Power Sharing in the Origins of Modern Colombia
Political Conflict and Power Sharing in the Origins of Modern Colombia Sebastián Mazzuca and James A. Robinson Colombia has not always been a violent country. In fact, for the first half of the twentieth century, Colombia was one of the most peaceful countries in Latin America, standing out in the region as a highly stable and competitive bipartisan democracy. When faced with the critical test for political stability in that epoch, the Great Depression of 1930, Colombia was the only big country in South America in which military interventions were not even considered. While an armed coup interrupted Argentina’s until then steady path to democracy, and Getulio Vargas installed the first modern dictatorship in Brazil, Colombia cele brated elections as scheduled. Moreover, the ruling party lost the contest, did not make any move to cling to power, and calmly transferred power to the opposition. However, Colombia was not born peaceful. That half-century of peaceful political existence was a major novelty in Colombian history. Colombia’s nine- teenth century was politically chaotic even by Hispanic American standards: the record includes nine national civil wars, dozens of local revolts and mutinies, material destruction equivalent to the loss of several years of economic output, and at least 250,000 deaths due to political violence. How did Colombia make the transition from political chaos to political order? What were the causes of conflict before the turn of the century, and what were the bases of internal peace after it? The emergence of order in Colombia was temporally correlated with a major transformation of political institutions: the introduction of special mechanisms for power sharing between Liberals and Conservatives, Colombia’s two dominant political forces. -
“Class Cluelessness”
MONTAGE the resentment of ru- “Class Cluelessness” ral voters toward the White Working Class: “liberal elite” in The Overcoming Class The powerful resentments shaping American politics today Politics of Resentment: Cluelessness in America, Rural Consciousness in by Joan C. Williams by andrea louise campbell Wisconsin and the Rise (Harvard Business of Scott Walker (2016). Review Press, $22.99) J.D. Vance described onald J. trump’s victory in elites? Or does the logic of the Electoral Col- his own family’s predilections in Hillbilly the 2016 presidential election lege require a cross-racial, geographically di- Elegy (2016) and sociologist Arlie Russell spawned a maelstrom of finger- verse coalition of the non-elite centered on Hochschild reported that right-leaning folks D pointing and soul-searching with- economic issues? The analyses and recom- in Louisiana bayou country felt they were in the Democratic Party. How could the party mendations intended to prevent another 2016 Strangers in Their Own Land. Economist Robert of FDR, LBJ, and, for that matter, Bill Clinton, for the Democrats are just beginning. J. Gordon ’62 revealed why they might be so have lost touch so thoroughly with the white Pre-election warnings weren’t lacking. upset in The Rise and Fall of American Growth (re- working class that had been central to its co- A host of books detailed the growing dis- viewed in the May-June 2016 issue, page 68). alition for years? Which way should the party contents of lower-income white workers. If Democratic Party elites (and Hillary go in its identity and future strategy? Should Harvard political scientists Vanessa Wil- Clinton’s campaign officials) missed the it veer left, in the Bernie Sanders direction, liamson and Theda Skocpol wrote of the warning signs, Joan C. -
Ferguson and Page 2017
10/20/2017 The Hinge of Fate? Economic and Social Populism in the 2016 Presidential Election A Preliminary Exploration Thomas Ferguson Institute for New Economic Thinking [email protected] Benjamin I. Page Northwestern University [email protected] Prepared for delivery at the INET Conference, Edinburgh, U.K., October 20-23, 2017 The paper represents the views of the authors and not any of the institutions with which they are affiliated. The authors are very grateful to Jacob Rothschild for outstanding research assistance. Support for populism is often attributed to xenophobia, racism, sexism; to anger and resentment at immigrants, racial or ethnic minorities, or “uppity” non- traditional women. According to these accounts, people who feel socially resentful may reject established politicians as favoring those “others” over people like themselves, and turn to outsider populistic leaders. But it is also possible that those who back populist movements or politicians may suffer from real material deprivations: many years of low or stagnant incomes; job losses; inadequate housing or health care; blighted communities; and years of budget cuts (Autor et al., 2016) (Autor et al., 2017) (Storm, 2017) (Temin, 2016) (Monnat and Brown, 2017) . They may blame governments and established politicians for doing little to help. Of course social and economic factors may interact with each other in complicated ways. Anti-immigrant attitudes may reflect fears of job competition as well as cultural anxiety. Economic deprivation may make people susceptible to demagogic scapegoating that blames their troubles on foreigners. Gender and racial stereotypes, too, may be exacerbated by economic suffering – or activated by political appeals. -
The New Philosemitism: Exploring a Changing Relationship Between Jews and the Far-Right
The New Philosemitism: Exploring a Changing Relationship Between Jews and the Far-Right Hannah Rose CONTACT DETAILS For questions, queries and additional copies of this report, please contact: ICSR King’s College London Strand London WC2R 2LS United Kingdom T. +44 20 7848 2098 E. [email protected] Twitter: @icsr_centre Like all other ICSR publications, this report can be downloaded free of charge from the ICSR website at www.icsr.info. © ICSR 2020 The New Philosemitism: Exploring a Changing Relationship Between Jews and the Far-Right Executive Summary About this Report • This report views emerging cooperation and changing attitudes of the populist radical right towards Jews as a new wave of Philosemitism. • This new wave of Philosemitism is not a genuine and sincere positioning, but a strategic tool used by the far‑right in order to present itself as liberal and mainstream, gain support and engage in a ‘divide and conquer’ tactic among minority communities. Far-right Reframings of Jewishness • A shift from antisemitism to philosemitism has originated from a fundamental re‑imagining of Jewishness, where Jews and Judaism are understood through far‑right framings in order to legitimise existing ideologies. For example, by seeing Jews as European, pro‑Israel and anti‑Muslim, the far‑right allows itself to align philosemitism to its own interests. • In this way, deliberately positive sentiments of Jews based on stereotypes are rooted in the same processes as antisemitism, whereby the two phenomena are two sides of the same coin. • Strategies of ‘Collective Action Framing’ are used to impose a Christian‑derived framing of Jewishness onto Jewish people • ‘Frame Extension’, in the case of the radical right’s understanding of Israel as a European frontier against the Arab world, is used to expand far‑right ideology beyond its primary interests in order to appeal to a wider audience.