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JULY 1960 20 CENTS OUTDOOR HAROLD W. CRAWFO 1 rnor

INDIANA DEPART E VATION

Cormsldn Jbames M Tucker, ( r oli Kenneth NKunke s dr Harry ,: ed, afa

DIVISIONS AND DIRE i an Homer R. Brown Enforcement-John D. State P Kenneth R. Cougill Engineering-Henry Prte nns-lone F. Harrington Entomology-John J. Faige te urces-Charles H. Bechert Fish and Game-Hugh Gry Acoun Harold B. Smith Forestry-Ralph F. Wilcox ' I.. R t ns-W. L. Thompson Geological Survey-John B. ittn m. C. Burns

CONTENTS CHAIN O' STATE PARK DEDICATION ...... 1 PROTECTING VITAL GROUND WATER SUPPLIES...... 4 FOLLOW THE BUFFALO ...... 8 ELM ER ...... 12 SEE INDIANA FIRST-TRAVELOGUE V...... 13 WHY FISH HATCHERIES?...... 20 FLOATING DOWN WHITE RIVER'S EAST FORK...... 23 N EW SOGRA M ...... 26 CURTIS CREEK TROUT REARING STATION...... 28 A CASE OF "DOGNAPPING"...... 3rd Cover

FRONT COVER-This beautiful property located near Kale Island and Pickwick Landing on is known as "The Japanese Gardens" and is owned by Edward F. Gallahue of .

BACK COVER-"Pinnacle Rock", one of the several unusual rock formations seen on the East Fork of White River between Clarks Ferry and Shoals. See story, page 23.

Vol. IV,No. 1 OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 WALTER L. THOMPSON, Editor MARJORIE J. GROVER, Associate Editor MAC HEATON, Art Editor HERMAN MACKEY, Photo Editor PEGGY JONES, Circulation

Published monthly by the Indiana Department of Conservation, 311 W. Washington St., Indianapolis 9. Subscription price $1.50 a year. Second-class mail privileges authorized at Indianapolis, Indiana. Permission for reprinting material from this issue is hereby given with a request that proper credit be given.

13 k n. ax7 Chain CHAIN OLAKES STATE PARK NDAANAS 20TH STA'TF PARK 1' A ^:3sP FAL_.P4}{?;, :

L00 ; 3?4T.L ''45'd!TF.to. g, h5w:. Vo n my P.E3tLC > 'F t,4' *i, NOR' E A $ ; W AND O' Lakes

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INDIANA GCPAPTIA4;.N' Ot CI'OMSEilVA'TiON State Park DEDICATION ATTRACTS RECORD CROWD

DESPITE A FOUR-INCH DOWNPOUR on the parking area was under water. A the eve of the long-planned dedication of number of cars were mired to the axles Chain O' Lakes State Park which for a and hauled out by tractor. The skies time threatened to cancel the program, remained overcast and threatened to re- a record crowd of about 2,500 turned lease another deluge at any moment. out. Last-minute changes were made to Slow movement of traffic and the over- provide adequate parking, for some of whelming crowd which kept arriving

Ralph F. Gates and Harold W. Handley, past and pres- ent governors of Indiana, having an informal chat in the park office (above) just before the dedication cere- monies at which Governor Gates presided and Governor Handley delivered the key address.

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 1 1. Part of the crowd of about 2,500 which gathered despite the continual threat of rain. Nearly four inches fell in the area during the night before. 2. The Lions Club of Albion prepared succulent barbecued chicken in never ending quantities . . . no one went home hungry. 3. High school bands from Churubusco, Albion and Kendallville, 200 pieces en masse, provided a rousing band concert for the gathering crowd. 4. Governor Handley talking with State Senator Lucius Sommers and an unidentified newspaper photographer before the program. Water in the background is the result of the all-night downpour which threatene to cancel the dedication program. 5. Posting of the colors by the Color Guard of Legion Post 82, Sylvester Yaney, Commander. 6. The presentation of Governor Handley was met with a standing ovation.

after the scheduled starting time for the The crowd, however, was in a holiday ceremony necessitated postponing the mood that neither delays nor damp speeches for nearly an hour. weather subdued in any way. The three

Page 2 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 WFE0k LA

CHAIN O'LAKES STATE PARK - GENERAL AREA -

bands did yeoman service enhancing the coming speech he introduced the guests holiday feeling with a continual band seated on the speaker's platform. Ken- concert. neth Marlin, Director of the Department The delightful aroma of barbecuing of Conservation, made a brief and perti- chicken from the hickory-charcoal pits nent talk. The principal address by the set up along the lake shore enticed many Honorable Harold W. Handley, Gover- an early arrival back for a second serving. nor of Indiana, was met with great en- The impressive program began with thusiasm. the National Anthem followed by the The final act of the ceremony was the Posting of the Colors and the invocation unveiling of the bronze marker commem- by the Reverend R. V. Rosenthal of St. orating the date of dedication followed Mary's Catholic Church of Avilla. For- only by a benediction offered by Rever- mer governor Ralph F. Gates acted as end McGrath of the Burr Baptist master of ceremonies. Following his wel- Church. -M. J. G. Final event of the Chain 0' Lakes State Park dedication ceremonies was the unveiling of the bronze marker. Members of the Allen-Noble-Whitley Joint County Park Board pictured standing left to right are: Fred Meyers, Woodburn, Vice-Chairman; Hon. Paul (Mike) Burns, Mayor of Fort Wayne; Hon. Rudolph Rehwinkle, Mayor of Kendallville; Earl Fisher, Columbia City, Chairman; Harry Holsinger, Rome City, Secretary-Treasurer, and William C. Thompson, Jr., Columbia City. PROTECTING VI TAL GROUND WATER ...... SU PPLI ES

CHARLES H. BECHERT, Director, Division of Water Resources and WM. J. WAYNE, Glacial Geology Section, Geological Survey

PURE POTABLE WATER is one of our most for domestic, industrial and recreational precious natural resources, but unfortu- use has played an important role in nately too many take it for granted. Not bringing about a vigorous stream pollu- until the supply fails and it becomes con- tion abatement program, but the fact taminated and unfit for human use does that they are visible to the eye has en- the average individual give it much con- abled the public to readily appreciate the sideration. need to do something about the matter. For many years, communities and Today we face another threat to our industries discharged their untreated water supplies. Pollution is now an wastes into the sewers and streams of the enemy that seriously threatens to damage state with little regard to the effect such the invisible waters beneath the earth's practices might have on them. As a result surface-our ground water. Undoubtedly of this thoughtless action many of these lack of understanding of the origin of our once beautiful streams became ridden ground water and how it moves has con- with filth and a menace to good health. tributed greatly to this problem. Fortunately, however, great strides have All the fresh water taken from water been made in recent years to abate such wells has fallen as rain on the surface of nuisances and restore these vital water the ground, probably not very far from courses to their former condition. The the place where it is pumped out of the fact that these same waters are needed earth through the wells. Much of the rain

Page 4 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 water that reaches the ground runs into know when this sort of situation might streams, but some of it soaks into the develop. ground. Plants take water out of the soil Earth materials-sand, gravel, clay-- but much of the water that enters act as a filter to purify water by taking the ground continues moving downward out such things as bacteria. In some kinds through the subsoil and underlying sand, of rocks, the water moves through the gravel or rock materials until it reaches rock too fast to be filtered effectively. a zone in which every pore space or crack This is especially true in cavernous is full of water. The water table is the rocks like limestone. Gravel is an excel- name given to the top of this saturated lent filter but it, like all filters, has a zone. limit that can be exceeded. Wherever All of the materials below the water large amounts of waste materials are table contain water but the pore spaces drained into the soil for disposal, the or cracks in some are so small that water possibility always exists that some of moves through them very slowly. Gravel that waste will reach drinking water and sand have large pore spaces and supplies. water will move through this material During the past 10 to 15 years, the quickly and easily. Clay and silt also problem has become aggravated because have many pore spaces but they are so numerous subdivisions have blossomed tiny that water will not circulate through around most towns and cities in Indiana. them. Limestone is a kind of rock in In some places these subdivisions have which water passes easily through cracks, been able to obtain water from local utili- but very slowly through the solid part of ties and to connect their sewers to munic- the rock. ipal sewage treatment plants. Residents When water trickles through the soil of a large number of subdivisions, though, and rock it dissolves a little of the mate- still must depend upon private wells and rial it passes. Hard water contains more private septic tanks for water supply and dissolved materials than does soft water. sewage disposal. Unfortunately, many of If water can pass through some source of these private systems do not work satis- bacterial contamination-for example, a factorily where the density of houses be- barnyard or the disposal area of a septic comes as great as that found in most tank-it will pick up some of the bac- residential areas. teria and carry them along as it goes As long as there was wide spacing on downward. rural wells-say, no closer than on ad- If water from a well tests "unsafe", joining 80 or 160 acre farms-and most this doesn't necessarily mean that you rural homeowners still enjoyed outdoor will get sick from drinking it. The report privies, it was generally possible to locate should alarm you, though, because it does the well far enough from the potential mean that certain kinds of bacteria that sources of pollution that bacterial con- live in the human intestine are being car- tamination was relatively uncommon. ried into your water supply. If the organ- With the advent of indoor bathrooms isms that produce such diseases as ty- and septic tanks for every farm home, phoid fever or dysentery should happen though, and the sale of half-acre or acre to get into the source-and reach your lots along road frontages or in subdivi- well - you and anyone else drinking sions for rural residential building, the water from it could get the disease. And soil eventually becomes almost saturated since you can't see the bacteria, you can't with liquified sewage. Rainwater, soak-

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 5 Which well is the safer? Obviously, the type shown on the right. Yet home builders in exurban areas continue to install the type shown at the left. In a relatively short time, drinking water may become contaminated from surface water seepage through saturated or inadequate filtering materials. ing into the ground through such places, subsoil; no one ever has trouble with has little chance of remaining free of poor drainage in his tile-field. Water sup- contamination. ply may come from a shallow driven The geologic conditions surrounding point or a drilled well, often located groundwater pollution in Indiana can be fairly close to one's own or a neighbor's divided into two groups. The first of disposal tile field. Everyone knows of the these--found in the glaciated part of the excellent filtering properties of such state-is a large number of residences sands and gravels. Like every other fil- constructed over a layer of gravel or sand tering medium, it does a good job-until that may be continuous to a moderate one day someone discovers that the water depth, 30 to 35 feet or more. Very often from his well seems a little soapy, or that under these conditions the homeowners it has a peculiar odor or taste. Suddenly boast of the wonderful absorption of the the whole community becomes shocked

Page 6 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 to learn that some of them are drinking reamed hole in the rock and to force their own sewage and most likely have cement into the space between the casing been for some time. Too often they recog- and the side of the hole. nized it only after detergents began to If no other source of underground get through or when a rash of intestinal water is available, or if the water supply disorders breaks out. remains bad even though the well is ade- What can be done when this happens? quately sealed-then the only possible If a deeper water-bearing zone (aquifer) solutions to the problem are to remove is available, a new well may be the an- the source of the pollution, provide a swer; but the well must be constructed community water supply, or treat the to prevent contamination of the lower private supplies. zone at that point. Sometimes the cause of residential The other geologic condition in Indi- wells becoming contaminated is that the ana that results in a somewhat similar well may be improperly constructed or type of contamination of water supplies it may be located too near a sewer, septic by privately disposed wastes, but prob- tank, or disposal field. On the other hand ably more directly than in the other, can the septic system may be inadequate, be found only too often in regions where poorly designed, and incorrectly in- rock is near the surface-within 30 feet stalled. Establishing standards for the or less of the surface of the ground. In construction of water wells that will many such parts of Indiana the method eliminate the possibility of polluted sur- sometimes used to set casing in a well is face waters from entering them may be to drive the pipe hard enough to crimp it one answer to this problem. Another a little in the top of the rock, wedge it might be the substitution of a community straight with a couple pieces of wood, sewage disposal system for individual and to back-fill the space around the pipe septic tanks, and still others may be to with soil. Such a back-fill may be little require greater distance, and a more better than none at all because it may be rigid inspection program. so permeable that surface water will move If an adequate supply of unpolluted through it rapidly or run down along the ground water is to be available to meet casing and enter the well. The situation the needs of our growing population, is aggravated further if the well head is particularly for human consumption in in a pit. newly developed residential areas, the Each well constructed in this manner public will have to demand a change in becomes a potential funnel into which some present-day practices of water well partly-treated liquid sewage can seep construction and the use of septic tanks from disposal tile. Even thorough puddl- for the disposal of sanitary wastes. ing of a clay backfill in the annular space outside the casing may not be adequate Whatever the solution may be it will to prevent downward movement of require a greater interest on the part of liquids through this zone and entry into the homeowner as to the source of the the well. A complete seal is essential. water he drinks, whether it is pure, and One way to be sure the space around whether it is likely to remain so for the the well casing will not become a channel life of his home. that carries soil water or liquid wastes Water is the staff of life-never take it directly into the water supply is to set for granted, and make sure that it meets the casing at least a few feet into a approved drinking water standards. A

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 7 Detail from the Great Seal of Indiana, found on official papers of the as early as 1801, shows the important influence of the buffalo in pioneer times.

yoCowthe uffalo

by RICHARD G. REID

IF YOU DRIVE over State Road 56 east But it is more than merely an old Buffalo of Haysville in northern Dubois County, trail. The "Buffalo Trace" played a very you will see one of the many historic important part in the settlement of In- markers which are scattered over the diana and the great western movement state. As you drive along, the marker of the early 1800's. Over the years the informs you, you are roughly following trail shared in all the joys and sorrows of the route of the old "Buffalo Trace". pioneer life. "Now that's funny", you say to your- But where did it come from? And what self. "What on earth do they mean here prompted such large numbers of buffalo by the word 'trace'?" To find out we can to travel this way? The answers to these go to that oft-quoted authority, Noah questions can come only from the most Webster. The New Collegiate Dictionary ancient of the ancient Indians as handed says that a "trace" can be a course, path, down from generation to generation to be or track which may be followed. Now the finally written down in history books. word takes on some meaning. The "Buf- Long before the white men ever set falo Trace" should then be a buffalo trail foot in the New World, the great Ameri- or path. And that is exactly what it is. can bison ranged from the coastal plains

Page 8 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 of Georgia to the state of Washington. they moved across near The shaggy animals could be found the points where the towns of Petersburg, throughout Indiana, except in the ex- French Lick, Paoli, Corydon, and Fred- treme northern portion of the state. The ericksburg now stand. The herd came buffalo found in the brushy forests east upon the River at the falls where of the was smaller than the three cities of New Albany, Jefferson- his western cousin that roamed the Great ville, and Louisville are found. Here they Plains. He was the same in other respects didn't give the water a second thought as though. The characteristic hump was they splashed across. there along with the shaggy mane that covered the front part of his body. It was no small nr ber of animals that traveled the trail. The largest herds had Today the buffalo no longer wanders long since passed before the white man through the woodlands. Only his thought to record their actual spirit remains as pictured on the Great numbers. The herds could have Seal of Indiana. The buffalo may have formed a large living raft upon disappeared, but he left behind many which a man could have signs to tell of his existence. He was a crossed the Ohio without even dampen- nomadic animal. But unlike the wild ing his spirit. It would also have taken geese of the skies, the buffalo did not the trampling of many thousands of migrate with the seasons. He was just a hooves to beat a trail which was wide hobo of the wilds. On the plains the buf- enough for a wagon road. This is what falo would move in huge circles, always the early pioneers found when they first into the wind, taking his lot as he found began investigating the Northwest Ter- it. In the east the buffalo was also a wan- ritory. Here was a wagon road, ready derer. Like many wild animals, the buf- made for the immigrants from east of the falo's basic needs were food, water, and Alleghenies. salt. Water was relatively plentiful, for By the early 1800's our ancestors were in the days when the buffalo flourished, pouring through the Cumberland Gap in Indiana was much wetter than it is today. a steady stream. Still more were moving Food and salt were the big problems. down the Ohio. Neither nature nor the Where there was one the other was not. red man could hold them back. The pres- The food was the rich grasses of the Illi- sure became so great in Kentucky and nois prairies. The salt was in the famous southern Indiana that by 1808 the buf- Blue Licks of Kentucky. The fact that falo, which had unwittingly blazed a these two necessities of life were nearly trail for men to follow, were 200 miles apart caused the buffalo little gone forever concern. from the territories. In their place came new animals-the oxen and horses which On any one day the buffalo might be hauled the pioneers and their earthly found grazing contentedly on the lush belongings to the promised land of the Illinois prairies. When he felt the urge, west. the old patriarch who led the herd would say, "Let's move along!" much the same The pioneers were not the only people way as the wagonmasters who were des- to use the trail. To the Indian this great tined to follow in his footsteps. The whole buffalo trail was a vital artery, a bond herd would follow their leader into the uniting several tribes. Tecumseh's broth- hilly wilds to the east. The salt licks of er, The Prophet, made use of this trail Kentucky were particularly inviting. The while he was stumping the territory to herd crossed the Wabash River at the make allies to aid him and his brother in present site of Vincennes. From there their war against the invading whites.

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 9 ______There are many tales of how Kickapoo and Delaware war parties made their way along the trail, sometimes carrying white captives with them. As more and more settlers from the east moved into the territory along the Ohio River and beyond, the old buf- falo trail became increasingly important. "The Buffalo Trace", as it came to be called, was the only overland route into the primitive wilds, now Orange, Dubois, and Pike Counties. It was over this trail that the McDonalds came to settle in Dubois County and the Hosea Smith family moved to Pike County. It was this trail that was the only connection be- tween the western outpost of Vincennes, the territorial capital at Corydon, and the Legend states of the east. FOR SEVERAL MILES ALONG THESE HILLS THE When was IMPROVED ROAD IS BUILT UPON OR WITHIN territorial governor, he made frequent SIGHT OP THE HISTORICAL BUFFALO TRAIL OF trips to Vincennes over the trace and on THE YEARS PRIOR TO 1790. THIS TRAIL WAS one of these trips lost his gold watch

USED BY GEN. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, GEN. along the trail. But before anyone goes

JOHN TIPTON, GEN. JOHN GIBSON, GEN. Z. M. looking for this treasure-the watch was found some years later and duly returned PIKE, GEN. RUFUS PUTNAM, COL. AARON BURR, to the owner. COL. FRANCIS VIGO, GEN. W. JOHNSTON, EDITOR As time went on, the trail acquired a ELIHU STOUT, CAPT. TOUSSAINT DUBOIS, variety of descriptive names. "Buffalo AND MANY OTHER DISTINGUISHED MEN. THE Trace" was one of the first because of TRAIL WAS MADE BY THE BUFFALOES, the origin of the trail itself. "Mud Holes" FOLLOWED BY THE INDIANS, FRENCH, ENGLISH, was another-and rather unromantic- AND AMERICANS. THE GREAT SEAL OF INDIANA name given to the trail. Along most of its SHOWS THE TREES, HILLS, BUFFALO AND length it was near water or wet places, PIONEER. ALONG THIS TRAIL CAME OUR LOCAL causing many travelers on the road to be PIONEERS,-McDONALD, HARBISON, EDMONSTON, delayed while their wagons were freed SHERRITT, STEWART, HOPE, KELSO, NIBLACK, from the axle-deep mud. There are sev-

LEMMON, HAYS, MORGAN, CONRAD AND OTHERS. eral places, the remains of which can be seen today, where there were large mud wallows in which the buffalo would cool ON THE HILL IS THE GRAVE OF themselves. The remnants of one of the JAMES HARBISON wallows is found in Columbia Township A SOLDIER OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION of Dubois County and there is an old water hole near Jasper which bears the name "Buffalo Pond". ERECTED BY GEO. R. WILSON, C. E. Later followers of the trail came up 1926 with other names. "Louisville Trace", "Vincennes Trace", and "Governor's Trace" or "Governor's Old Trail" were

Page 10 - OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 commonly heard in Corydon during the which you can wind through the south- early 1800's. These last two names were ern Indiana hills. Today you probably given during the era when the trail was wouldn't be able to find much of the so frequently traveled by Governor Har- original trail. rison. But the original name of "Buffalo The buffalo beat the trail. The red and Trace" seems to be the most romantic white man used it. Now the buffalo and and descriptive of the trail itself. The red man are gone. It was the white man early residents along the trail were quick who overcame the wilderness by sheer to develop it. At first this was the only weight of numbers. He widened, im- road in the territory. But after the capital proved, and eventually paved portions of was moved to Indianapolis, it was crossed the old trail. in several places by roads leading from What can we find there today to re- the Ohio River northward. As early as mind us of the pioneers who tamed the 1836 a section between the Salem Road ? An iron plaque, and the Leavenworth and Paoli Road a stone monument, and a sprinkling of in Crawford County was declared a romantic place names which have per- state highway. Still other portions have sisted for 150 years and will persist as evolved into fine paved highways over long as there is a southern Indiana. A about the author

Richard G. Reid, author of the preceding historical article, is a 1960 graduate of the School of Forestry at Purdue Univer- sity and currently on the job as a forester with the State of Idaho at Boise. A native of Indiana, he attended primary and secondary schools in Indianapolis. In high school he majored in English but states "a crack at article writing failed miserably." After a required course in business writing and elective in Dick Reid feature writing at Purdue, Mr. Reid submitted "Follow the Buffalo" as his first "professional" manuscript. He intends to keep writing as a sideline, with forestry as his chosen vocation.

NOTICE TO DEER HUNTERS-A public hearing concerning the proposed In- diana deer hunting season for 1960 will be held at 10:00 a. m., August 17 in the office of the director of the Indiana Department of Conservation. The proposed regulations to be acted upon will include both bow and arrow and shotgun hunting. Those interested are invited to attend.

BUSHYTAIL SEASON WILL SOON BE HERE-Indiana's squirrel season will open this year August 15 and run through October 13, both dates inclusive. Bag limit, five per day with not more than one day's bag in possession at any time. Season is open for fox and grey squirrel; black and flying squirrel are protected at all times. No hunting on Sunday.

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA " Page 11 dere mister tomsun

hits so derned wet down here that the ground hawgs is livin in trees an that haint funny. hit raint so hard last wensdy nite that ever thing over flowed now old albert is gittin reel meen agin as weuns is walkin around in mud up to are hes always settin out in the frunt yard necks. old porch-floor sez the only good a waitin on sumpin to whup an tother thing the rain dunt wuz to warsh about day they wuz a grate big dawg cum a 4 millyun blue gills to kingdum cum. lopin down the road about 60 miles a weuns had 12 akers of sweet corn under har and the neck hare on albert stood water fer a day an a haf an when the strate up and out he cum and jumped water went down hit wuz all cuvered up smak onto the big yaller dawg. they with a coat of mud. i tolt the perfesser locked jaws and fit fer 2 hars reel hard that weuns needed anuther rain to warsh an finely they wuz both so weared out the mud off the sweet corn an mister that i had to pull both of them up in the tomsun, we shore got hit as we had 5 yard and pore cold water in there faces. more inches an this time they wuz so i just got the big yaller dawg to when meny carps that swimmed out in the up drives sum feller in a big truck that corn fiield that they teared the corn down sed Circus on the side and he cum over an now we haint got nuthin. and tied the big yaller dawgs feet all up the yung skwerls are doin perty good and sed he owned him and asked me to and frum what i can see theres goin to hep him put the big yaller dawg in a be a perty good crop. the old Judge has cage. he was a bawlin, mister tomsun got sum skwerls in his side yard an when that ole yaller cuss must of shore bin a hes gone in to the county seet Im a goin meen wun cauze that feller even put a to slip over there an gun me down a mess big pad lock on the door. old albert is when the seezen cums in. gittin better and one good thing cum me an the Judge has been compeetin frum the fight cauze albert aint fit eny- on growin gardens fer sevral yeers an i thing sinse. am so fer ahed of him that when Im eatin if hit stops rainin fer 2 weeks the fishin he's still hoein. rite now the judge aint will start up agin. speekin to me on account of my termaters yore fren bein 2 feet taller than hisn. elmer

Page 12 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 See JIdiaa 7irst FIFTH IN A SERIES OF HOOSIER TRAVELOGUES

by W. L. THOMPSON, Editor

Chapel at Culver Military Academy on Lake Maxinkuckee. A view of the Wa- bash River as it flows through the city of Logansport in Cass County.

ONCE AGAIN we're on the go to "See to research and treatment of mental ill- Indiana First". We hope you enjoyed the ness. first of the northern trips and visited As you travel north in this city you some places you hadn't been before in our will pick up State Road 17. Follow this good ol' Hoosier state. This fifth in the route north through some of the best entire series of travelogues (second in the farming land in the state with fine farm northern series), by miles traveled, is buildings and land as level as a floor. possibly the shortest trip. It is ideal for As the terrain becomes more rolling you water sports enthusiasts and serious fish- will begin to notice the soil is of a more ermen, so pack the picnic baskets, swim sandy composition. This sign shows that suits, life jackets, fishing tackle, and you are getting into the north country. hitch on the boat and motor for a week Road 17 brings you to the town of end or a week of fun and relaxation. Culver and beautiful Lake Maxinkuckee. From our central starting point, In- Here is located one of the country's most dianapolis, we head north on U. S. High- renowned military schools, Culver Mili- way 421 which is joined some miles north tary Academy, home of the famous by Indiana State Road 29. We continue Black Horse Cavalry Troop. In its set- north on 29 to Logansport. Entering this ting on the north shore of the lake, with city one crosses over the broad Wabash its wide well-kept lawns and stately River made known to the world by song buildings, it presents a scene to remem- and legend. Logansport had the first ber-especially if you are there at an municipal water plant in the state. A hour to see the smartly uniformed cadets modern, 6 million gallon capacity, million changing classes. dollar plant erected in 1955 stands on Continue north on 17 through Plym- the site of the old waterworks. Logans- outh where the state road joins U. S. 31. port also is the location of one of the This becomes a four-lane highway a few largest of the state hospitals, dedicated miles beyond Plymouth, adding to your

Page 14 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 driving pleasure as you travel on north Mennonite religious sect who still use to the major city of South Bend. Among the horse and buggy for transportation. the places of interest you will want to There is a large settlement of Mennon- see is the Studebaker-Packard Corpora- ites in this area. Their well kept homes, tion plant, the only place automobiles are barns and farms, reminiscent of the manufactured, assembled and finished in Pennsylvania Dutch, are a delight to see. Indiana today. At the north edge of the Continue on south on 13 to Syracuse, city a directional sign points the way to "queen city" of , which is the University of Notre Dame. You will Indiana's largest natural lake and per- not want to miss a drive over the campus haps most noted summer resort. Perhaps of this hallowed institution, noted and you will want to stay here for a day or respected for its high scholastic stand- two and enjoy the lake ards and known to all for the heroic foot- country. Here in Kosciusko County alone ball teams it has produced. there are more than 60 lakes! There are Again head north on U. S. 31 a short numerous hotels, motels and cottages for distance to the Indiana Toll Road which rent in the area; contact the information offers a relaxing drive east as well as an booth at Syracuse (or call the county's excellent place to have your car serviced Conservation Officer) for information on and to have a delightful meal in one of where to stay and where to go swimming, the spacious service centers. If you fishing or boating. haven't driven on a toll road before, you The Indiana Department of Conser- will marvel at the smooth flow of traffic vation has one of its largest fish hatch- and ease of driving. At the Middlebury eries located on Lake Wawasee. To reach exchange leave the toll road and head it you drive south on 13 from Syracuse south on State Road 13. and at the junction with 13A and 8, turn As you drive through the town square left. This will take you directly to the of the town of Middlebury you will see hatchery. Public display ponds built in use a relic of the past-iron hitching along the road are most interesting (no racks-to accommodate members of the fishing allowed). There is also a large and

Rest stops on the Indiana Toll Road are modern installations with fine restaurants, gift shops and full automotive service.

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA " Page 15 ~v7A SUTH450" BENC CCPOA C d

PLYMOUTH

1~ambxce

Above!ondC -..Public; ,7~,r.h p°1;cnic s _res1L. .,tand.t ai cw of', c ' kthe,>"y r==.;ple LL ROAD

13 Lake Webster and Lake Tippecanoe have long been fa- vorite resort areas for , The 13 excursion boat was photographed on Webster, July 26, SYRACUSE Lke 1902. The daring ladies in their WAWASEE 13 aee swimming dresses at "Tippey" date E FH HATCHERY TR I-COUNTY back to 1906 FIH & G.CAME 13 AREA

NORTH Little remains of NCHESRTER the once vital M4ANCHEBTER COLLEGE Wabash and Erie

pr 3 . The ruins pictured below are SH ATCHER O found at the town of Lagro in WVabash WABASH County.

RIVER TATE FOREST

'NC MOUNTVERNON Fishing is good at Salamonie River State Forest south- east of Lagro and you will find a large, restful picnic and recreation area there.

Morse Reseruoir

ANAPOLIS North Manchester is the next town we come to on road 13. This is a lovely old town with broad, tree-lined streets and deep lawns. It boasts one of the finest small liberal arts colleges in the state. One of the few carillons in Indiana is in North Manchester at the lovely Peabody Memorial Home for Aged. On the map we continue south on 13 to north of Wabash then east on U. S. 24 to Lagro, however, we suggest a pleasant alternate, State Road 113 southeast from North Manchester. A mile south of the village of Servia, where the state road turns sharply east, continue south on the improved county road into Lagro. Indi- ana 524, a beautiful drive, takes us to Salamonie River State Forest. Here is a large picnic area, playground equipment for the youngsters, and good fishing. At Lagro you might be interested in one of the few remaining locks (in a fair state of preservation) of the once-vital Wabash & Erie Canal. It is on private land at the east end of the main street. You should ask permission of the owner to go back to view the section. U. S. 24 takes us from Lagro to Wa- bash. Atop the courthouse is a replica An unusual photograph of the monument erected over the grave of Frances Slocum. of the great carbon arc light which in 1880 made Wabash the first electrically very lovely picnic area adjacent to the lighted city in the world. The original hatchery. This location offers the best light is displayed in a glass case in the view of Lake Wawasee that you will find, lobby. Also note the fine Lincoln statue unless you own a lakefront cottage or on the northeast corner of the courthouse have friends who do. lawn. Just south of Wawasee are two other As you leave Wabash and cross the well known resort lakes, Webster and Wabash River road 13 climbs through a Tippecanoe. Hoosiers have been enjoy- deep "cut" of geologic interest. At the ing these lakes since before the turn of crest a look back affords an impressive the century (see photos page 17). In this view. area also is Tri-County Hunting Pre- Three miles south turn west on State serve, a property of the Department of Road 124 to Frances Slocum State Forest Conservation. During the summer there or, continue south on 13 five more miles is little activity here, but if you are a past Mount Vernon and take the Somer- hunter keep this place in mind for the set Road west. This follows the historic fall hunting season. Slocum Trail. The story of Frances Slo-

Page 18 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 cum, the white child who spent her life komo. Here at the Howard County His- with the Indians, is told on the monument torical Museum is the newly opened at her grave on a rise overlooking the Collection. Haynes was Mississinewa River. inventor of the first commercially suc- Across the river at the state forest cessful automobile in 1894. The court- there are campgrounds, playgrounds, a house museum is open 12-4 p. m., Mon- recreation pavilion and canteen, stables, day, Wednesday and Friday. At High- hiking trails and a large rodeo corral. land Park in Kokomo see the lifelike, A riding club holds a weekly Sunday life-size statue of "Old Ben", the world's morning worship service on horseback largest steer. here. U. S. 31 takes you direct from Kokomo About 5 miles east of Peru be sure to to Indianapolis but an enjoyable alter- stop and see "Seven Pillars" (see photo). nate is State Road 28 west to Tipton, On arrival at Peru you will have driven road 19 south to Cicero and a drive to about 106 miles from Wawasee, plus any Morse Reservoir, the state's largest arti- side trips. There are good motels here to ficial lake. Road 19 continues to Nobles- stay overnight. ville; 37-A to Indianapolis. We have U. S. Highway 31 goes south from recorded a little more than 400 miles on Peru past Bunker Hill Air Force Base the speedometer and spent three days on (which you may drive through) to Ko- this enjoyable trip. A

A most interesting geological oddity, "The Seven Pillars of the Mississinewa Cliffs", found on the river road about six miles southeast of Peru in Miami County.

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 19 WHY FISH HATCHERIES? here is the story

by DON LEEDY, Fisheries Biologist

THE TASK of the state fish hatcheries male prepares the spawning site by "fan- is to raise game fish for distribution to ning" or clearing a circular place on the lakes and streams where public fishing is pond bottom by rubbing with its tail and allowed. There are nine hatcheries pro- fins. After the female bass deposits eggs ducing warm water fish which are oper- on the spawning site the male bass fer- ated by the Division of Fish and Game. tilizes them. The father bass then takes The year really begins at the fish a position over the eggs and keeps other hatcheries in April. During that month fish away. Constant movement by the the holding ponds are drained. The fins of the bass keeps the eggs free of silt breeding size fish are kept over winter in and debris. holding ponds which are usually the Spawning time is an anxious period for deepest ponds at the hatcheries. the hatcherymen. The outcome of the entire year depends largely upon the suc- The breeder or parent fish are placed cessful hatching of the largemouth bass. in spawning ponds which are shallow and Sometimes uncertain and rapidly chang- mud-bottomed. The water temperature ing spring weather causes a sudden drop of the spawning ponds gradually in- in the water temperature. Bass eggs can- creases under the warming rays of the not develop properly in cold water. If a sun. When the water temperature is fuzzy white fungus appears over the eggs about 65 degrees F. spawning activity it indicates that the eggs have died with- begins in the bass ponds. The male bass out hatching. Several such cold periods selects a spawning site in shallow water. occurred during the first week of May of The largemouth bass prefers a bottom this year. Some bass spawns were lost at covered with fine roots of trees or water hatcheries located over the state. weeds. The smallmouth bass seeks a After hatching from the eggs young gravelly spot on the pond bottom. The largemouth bass, which are called fry,

Mr. Bass appears to be following some ritual as he clears a circle on the pond bottom where Mrs. Bass will lay her eggs. This is her only contribution. Mr. Bass then fertilizes the eggs and keeps them free of debris then guards the small fry when they venture away from the spawning and hatching site.

Page 20 " OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 look like tiny brown specks. For a while vantage of the abundance of food to gain they stay at the spawning site and then a quick lead in growth. Bass several swim slowly about the edge of the pond months old prefer to eat small live in a school feeding upon microscopic fish. Fish hatcheries cannot supply large animal life in the water. The father large- quantities of live fish, such as minnows, mouth bass travels with and guards the for bass feed. This would require several school of fry. As the fry continue to feed minnow ponds for each bass pond. The and to grow the parental instinct of the largest bass then begin to feed upon male bass ebbs and the urge to feed in- smaller bass. This diet increases their creases. When the father bass begins the growth and their appetite for more fish. search for food it may even begin with The hatcherymen call these large young some of its own fry. fish cannibals. The longer a group of bass At several of the hatcheries the schools is held in a pond the fewer in number and of bass fry are caught in a fine net and the larger in size they become. It is this transferred to a pond where no other fish characteristic of bass which requires that are present. This transfer eliminates the either a great number of small bass or a loss of young bass to the parent fish. The lesser number of large bass can be pro- fry are faced with many dangers. Some duced. insects, such as the immature dragonfly, Supplying the kind and size of fish there is an prey upon tiny fish. Unless which satisfy the sportsmen is difficult. of natural food easily avail- abundance A survey in 1959 showed that largemouth able the fry will grow too slowly or even bass was the fish in greatest demand from starve to death. The growth of fish food the hatcheries. Small bass from one to is stimulated by placing loads of manure three inches in length are very satisfac- in each pond and then carefully spread- ing commercial fertilizer over in the tory for stocking new lakes and ponds water before the eggs are laid. Such a which contain no other fish. However, fertilization program is not recommended bass of that size have less value when for farm ponds. Hatcheries attempt to stocked in lakes and streams which al- raise many times the number of fish per ready contain game and rough fish. Small acre found in fishing ponds and lakes. bass are unimpressive when viewed by By the time young bass are several any sportsmen who observe the fish de- inches long, competition for food is livery. Bass in the five to six inch size severe. The first ones hatched took ad- can be produced, but only at the cost of

As the fry grow to more than microscopic size, Mr. Bass has suddenly had enough. His parental instincts are replaced with a vora- cious appetite and he turns cannibal.

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page.21 greater numbers. A bass of this size is been removed from the ponds. As soon as well prepared for the struggle to keep possible arrangements are made with the alive in water containing large adult fish. Conservation Officers for delivery. The largemouth bass is not the only The old method of transporting fish in fish produced in the fish hatcheries. ten-gallon milk cans is no longer used Other species include , redear, except on the shorter trips. There are rock bass, crappie, smallmouth bass and four pickup trucks equipped with large channel catfish. The bluegill, for exam- tanks and water pumps to circulate the ple, spawns later in the year than the water. Two large transport trucks are bass when the water temperature is used for long trips or when large numbers higher. The bluegill does not feed upon of fish are delivered. Cool weather is pre- fish as early in life as bass. This habit ferred for transporting fish but often and its well knowi capacity to reproduce trips must be made on hot days. Care enable tremendous numbers of must be taken to avoid overcrowding the to be raised in ponds. Several ponds of live fish tanks. Truck breakdowns are bluegills are held over winter and stocked fortunately rare but can be disastrous after their second summer of growth in for a load of fish. the hatchery. Even in bluegills an in- Fish have the best chance for survival crease in size is obtained only with a when released carefully and without sacrifice of numbers. delay into the designated lake or stream. Successful hatching and rearing of bass Standing high above the water on a bank and other species depends upon healthy or bridge and letting the fish fall into the parent fish, fertile ponds, and a big help- water can cause a total loss. An impor- ing of old-fashioned luck with weather. tant consideration in stocking fish is the When it comes time for the fall delivery water temperature difference between the hatcherymen must not depend on the fish tank and the receiving lake or luck but on a knowledge of fish handling stream. Fish leave the hatchery in cool and transportation. water and usually arrive the same way. The spawning ponds must be drained A sudden change of water temperature of water to remove the fish. If the water will kill fish on the spot. The best plan is level falls too rapidly fish will become tempering, which is mixing the receiving stranded on the bottom or trapped in water slowly with the water of the fish weeds. Stirring the bottom mud chokes container. When temperatures are the the fish's gills with deadly silt. As the same the container can be submerged fish are taken from the ponds they are and gently turned over to release the fish. counted. It is impossible to count the fish Fish hatchery employees find a fasci- individually so a certain number, such nation in working with fish and watching as 100, are counted out and weighed. them grow. A knowledge of the habits When the total weight of fish from a pond and food requirements of each species is recorded a simple calculation gives a of fish is important in successful produc- close estimate of the total number. Every tion. Extreme care is essential in han- pond produces a different number and dling fish from the pond to the actual size of fish each year although stocked stocking perhaps many miles away. A the same way. The hatcherymen cannot Visitors are always welcome at any predict with accuracy what any pond will state fish hatchery. A description of each produce until the pond has been drained, hatchery will appear in the August issue the fish removed, and weighed. Eight of for the convenience of persons planning the nine hatcheries have large inside trips or anyone interested in knowing tanks to hold the fish after they have more about the hatcheries.

Page 22 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 ting down W te River's Fork

by W. L. THOMPSON, Editor and by numerous Boy Scout troops. Not DURINGin southern THE SUMMER Indiana MONTHS which rivers are a strenuous sport, it can be enjoyed by "floatable" with a minimum of portages older adults as well as the young. are the Wabash, White River, East and In order to help you plan a float trip, West Forks of White River, Big Blue, staff members of Outdoor Indiana and Whitewater and Sugar Creek. Other personnel from the Division of Water southern Indiana rivers are fine for early Resources have taken several river trips spring and late fall float trips when there and mapped them out for your conven- is plenty of water. All are trips to remem- ience and pleasure. ber, for these rivers flow through the hill The jaunt we will acquaint you with country which affords beautiful scenery here is on the East Fork of White River, at every bend and turn and you can have between Clark's Ferry and the town of the added fun of fishing and camping Shoals, in Martin County. We made this along the way. run recently and found it a most pleasur- Floating as a sport has been much able trip. The distance was about eight overlooked in Indiana except by a few river miles, an easy one-day trip by canoe

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 23 East Fork of White River from the launching point at Clark's Ferry,

or flatbottom river boat with a small guest on private land and take care of motor attached. There were no portages your campsite by cleaning it up. Disre- in this section of the river. garding the rules of common decency To reach Clark's Ferry contact the will spoil these natural campsites for all. forest superintendent at Martin County The most impressive spots on this trip State Forest who will give you directions. are a rock formation known as "The Old Clark's Ferry, a shallow rock-bottom Man's Nose", Norman Rock and Mc- riffle, can be floated under all ordinary Bride's Bluffs. There are good camping circumstances providing your craft is of sites at each of these places and also at shallow draft and not too heavily loaded. the mouth of Indian Creek. After launching here you have a clean You must carry your own water; there sweep down river to Shoals. The current are no springs along the way and farm- is slow through the beautiful hills that houses are a good distance from the river. flank the river. This stretch is wide and Supplies can be bought at the town of has an average depth of about ten feet. Williams and, if you intend to travel Fishing is excellent for catfish, fresh- further downstream, at Shoals, where water drum (better known as white there are docking accommodations at the perch) and bass. Washington Boat Club (which charges a Most of the landowners along the river small fee) and an area furnished by the do not mind if you camp on the shoreline town about a mile down from the boat providing you remember that you are a club.

Norman Rock, one of the many interesting rock for- mations you will see on this float trip. Excursion steamer, Gypsum Queen, an old paddle-wheeler, docked along the shore of White River's East Fork. Several youthful fishermen were trying their luck from her stern.

If there are any questions you would "long way around" has become popular. like answered before you start this trip, This trip calls for a motor craft and you contact Conservation Officer William should take two weeks to really enjoy Franklin of Shoals; he runs the river two yourself. Starting at Williams Dam you or three times a week and knows its con- proceed to the point where the East and dition at all times. West Forks of White River meet (on the To extend this trip beyond the eight Pike-Knox-Daviess county line) and miles we traveled, you can put in further travel to Worthington in Greene County. upstream at Williams Dam, a Depart- This is a wonderful, scenic trip with ment of Conservation Public Access Area good fishing, few portages and numerous near the town of Williams. About four places to camp. The equipment you take miles downstream you will come to the depends on the degree of "roughing it" first portage, Chase Riffles, which is not you prefer and how much time you spend. hard to navigate even with a loaded boat. Don't overload with a lot of gear you The next portage is at Clark's Ferry just don't need. A change of "wash and wear" above the point where we put in. clothing, rain cover, a light tent, bedroll, As you pass Shoals (where we disem- cot or hammock . . . don't forget mos- barked) you will go under a highway quito netting and repellant . . . water, bridge and a railroad bridge. The water simple food and utensils and motor fuel is shallow under both structures and are the basic needs. you must navigate with caution. Once If you have never taken such a trip, through these shallows the river deepens there is plenty of time before the end of again for easy floating. From this point summer. For information on other float it is about eight miles to Hindostan Falls trips write to Water Resources, 311 W. where you can take out at another Con- Washington St., Indianapolis 9, Ind. A servation Department Access Area or portage over the falls and continue on your way. You will have clear sailing from here to the Wabash. The Hindo- stan area is an excellent place to camp and fish. To make a real floating vacation, the

The public landing at Shoals where you can dock your boat free of charge and pick up provisions in the town. NEWSOGRAM

by H. E. McReynolds, Aquatic Biologist

Two new species of fish are now known to occur in Indiana. During studies of the Ohio River fish fauna by Dr. Louis Drumholz of the University of Louisville the Ohio redhorse (Moxostoma breviceps) and the threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) were captured in Indiana waters. The first specimen of the Ohio redhorse was taken in lower Laughery Creek near Aurora. Two days later three more were captured in Big Blue River near Leavenworth. One specimen of threadfin shad was included in the collection from the Little Blue River near Alton in Crawford County. In the same study, the river redhorse (Moxostoma carinatum) was recorded for the first time since 1909. Surprisingly, 27 of them were taken in this collection from Indian-Kentuck Creek in Jefferson County.

An economic evaluation of the sport fishery in Minnesota shows on what the fisherman spends his money as well as how much he spends. These figures indicate that the annual expenditure by the angler in pursuit of his sport is about $99,000,000.00, of which $70,000,000.00 is spent by residents and $29,000,000.00 by non-residents. More interesting, though, are the percentages of this amount spent on certain items. The following are the percentages of the $99,000,000.00 spent for various materials or services: transportation, 39.0%; food, 23.8%; lodg-

Page 26 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 g, 16.1%; fishing equipment, 4.6%; bait, 4.1%; at rental, 3.5%; depreciation of boat, motor, and ailer, 3.3%; etc. This census also showed that th the resident and the non-resident angler pre- rred to catch walleyes in Minnesota. Oddly, ly 6% of the resident anglers preferred to catch ss.

Have you ever wondered how many different kinds fish there are in acertain river? In an extensive rvey of the Muscatatuck River by the author, 96 llections were made by electro-fishing gear. ese collections included 69 species of fish. evious collections by Dr. Shelby Gerking of diana University had recorded three other species, there are at least 72 species in this river system.

The cisco, a northern deep-water fish, is an dity in northern Indiana lakes. A distributional udy by Dr. David G. Frey of ints out that the cisco reaches its most southerly currence in Indiana. The ciscoes of Shriner Lake Whitley County are farther south than any other tive ciscoes in the world. In addition, Hindman ke, of the Indian Village chain in Noble County, the world's shallowest cisco lake, having a ximum depth of only six meters.

Did you know that fish, like birds and mammals, ve a home range within which they stay? On the bject of movements of fish, Dr. Shelby Gerking sts 34 species which are known to have restricted me ranges. Among these are the bluegill, rockbass, een , pumpkinseed, smallmouth bass, otted bass, and channel catfish. I think that I ed not advise the angler to try again where the g one got away -- he'll probably still be near

OUTDOOR INDIANA ; Page 27 Concrete raceways where trout are reared. Service building is on the right and white building is the fore- man's residence.

Closeup of brook trout in raceway. These are of stocking size.

TROUT REARING STATION

CURTIS CREEK is a small spring-fed fine sport in Indiana waters have their tributary of the Pigeon River in La- beginning at the Federal trout hatchery Grange County. This stream shares its in Manchester, Iowa. Each year in June name and its clear cold water with the fish transport trucks of the Division of Curtis Creek Trout Rearing Station. Fish and Game bring the small trout Since 1956 more than 225,000 trout have from Iowa to the Rearing Station. been raised and released for the pleasure It is the responsibility of Frederick of fishermen. Booth, foreman of the station, to raise Before the station was constructed, the little trout to healthy, hard-fighting trout were transported from Federal trout the legal length of seven inches or trout hatcheries in Northville, exceed it if possible. Due to the fine care and Neosho, Missouri direct to Indiana the trout receive, most of them are from streams. Now the trout which produce 8 to 10 inches long when released.

Page 28 * OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 Trout being fed by Mr. Fannin, station em- ployee.

The trout are raised in two long narrow concrete troughs called raceways. The cold water of Curtis Creek flows through the raceways providing a constant sup- ply. While some brook and brown trout have been raised, rainbows have been produced in the greatest number. Each species of trout is kept separate from the others. Also the larger trout of each spe- cies must be separated. Each group of trout has some fast growing fish which will try to "hog" all the food from the smaller ones. as evidence of disease is seen, treat- The trout are fed three times a day, ment-medicine mixed with the food- every day. The diet consists of a special is begun. Only prompt action can prevent formula trout feed supplemented with heavy losses. Before a new shipment of ground beef liver. The trout feed con- trout arrives from Iowa the raceways are sists of a mixture of dried skim milk, fish scraped, cleaned, and disinfected with meal, wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, chlorine to kill bacteria which might in- salt, corn solubles, and brewer's yeast. fect the young trout. Even without dis- The liver is taken frozen from the large ease loss there is a small natural mor- station freezer, thawed, and ground into tality which occurs every day. small pieces easily swallowed by the An 8-inch well and electric pump were trout. Liver is an essential ingredient of installed to provide an auxiliary water the diet of hatchery trout. Without liver supply to the raceways. During drought they become anemic, weaken and die. periods in midsummer the water temper- Wild trout do not, of course, feed upon ature of Curtis Creek becomes too warm liver, but their natural food of insect life for good trout growth. During the heat supplies everything needed for growth. of the day it is now possible to spray Curtis Creek trout thrive on their for- cooling well water into the raceways. Ice mula feed and liver as evidenced by their which forms during subzero weather can excellent growth and the way the water be melted off by the same well water. flies as they dash about during feeding Each year before deliveries are made time gulping the food as it is dropped Conservation Officers are contacted for into the water. their recommendations and suggestions One of the secrets of raising trout suc- on the trout waters in their counties. cessfully is a daily check for disease. Two The officers are well acquainted with diseases have appeared so far, gill disease both the trout-stocked streams and lakes and kidney disease. Both diseases are and the trout fishermen. Occasionally caused by certain types of bacteria. Kid- changes have to be made in the waters ney disease or furunculosis attacks main- to be stocked. Certain of them have ly brown and brook trout, is deadly in proven to produce well and to be heavily action, and difficult to control. As soon fished. Others have become poor for trout

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 29 Don Leedy, station supervisor, loading rainbow trout into fish tank truck for transport to re- stocking area.

Below: Electric pump over well for auxiliary water supply.

due to increasing water temperature, pol- addition to Indiana residents, visitors lution, or refusal of land owners to permit from several surrounding states have public fishing. Trout are known to repro- found action aplenty in Rainbow Pit. duce in at least one stream in Indiana This small gravel pit was purchased by but none have been reported from lakes. the Division of Fish and Game as part Brook trout have successfully spawned of the land acquisition program for the in Curtis Creek upstream from the trout Pigeon River State Fish and Game Area. station. As far as the Indiana fisherman This new public hunting and fishing area is concerned, stocking is the only way to is being developed near LaGrange. The provide the level of fishing now enjoyed. former fish population of the pit, which A new trout "hot spot" is being talked consisted mainly of small stunted sun- about among fishermen this season. In fish, was completely eliminated by the fish management biologist. Dale Martin, area manager, posted a sign, cleaned the grounds, and prepared a parking lot for the convenience of fishermen. Frederick Booth of the trout station accepted the job of stocking the pit and checking on fishing success. Both men have worked hard and are well pleased to see the line- up of fishermen who use the pit every day. Rainbow Pit was never intended to satisfy the trout fishing needs of every- one. The youngster who needs practice in handling a fly rod or the granddad whose legs aren't what they used to be can find easy and rewarding fishing here. A local man with an hour or two after work or a visitor who has never hooked a trout can enjoy plenty of rainbow action. The many men of the Division of

July, 1960 F. Booth, station fore- man, stocking Rain- bow Pit with rainbow trout.

Below: Five trout fish- ing enthusiasts were not disappointed at well-stocked Rainbow Pit.

Fish and Game who have cooperated in Visitors are always welcome at the this experiment to provide trout fishing Curtis Creek Trout Rearing Station in Rainbow Pit hope that new trout en- where the trout can be seen in the race- thusiasts of all ages will try Indiana's ways and questions will be answered scenic trout streams and lakes. A list of gladly. It is hoped that the question, trout streams and lakes complete with "What happens to my $2 trout stamp regulations and fishing tips will be sent fee?" has been answered here to the read- free of charge to anyone upon request. er's satisfaction. A

July, 1960 OUTDOOR INDIANA * Page 31 "CLYDE"- the victim -

(Story on facing page)

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Page 32 " OUTDOOR INDIANA July, 1960 A CASE OF "DOGNAPPING"

CLYDE is just a hound dog. But his owner, bring the case out in the open and armed William F. Day, Route 1, West Lebanon, with a photo of Clyde went to the Indicator, thinks that he's something special. So he Westville's newspaper, told the publisher demanded a full-scale investigation and the story and requested that the paper co- search when Clyde disappeared January 9 operate by printing Clyde's picture and the this year. fact that Clyde was a stolen dog. As a result of the investigation and search, Five days later Officer Duies began re- four Lake County men faced dognapping ceiving reports that Clyde had been seen charges. The four men were required to post around the countryside near Westville. bonds of $2,000.00 each despite their protest Clyde finally roamed into the yard of a that Clyde wasn't abducted. They claimed farmer, James Allison, Route 1, Valparaiso. Clyde just came along and climbed into their Who had read the story and notified authori- auto while they were hunting in Warren ties that Clyde was being held for them. County, near West Lebanon, Indiana. Mr. Day rushed immediately to bring Clyde BUT Day claimed otherwise. He said, home. Clyde couldn't talk, but he is back Clyde, an alert, smart Bassett, wouldn't do on the farm near West Lebanon, about 100 such a thing, besides his legs were too short miles south of Gary, content to stay at home to allow him to jump into the trunk of a car. now that he has seen the world. After searching in vain for Clyde, Day called The four abductors were taken to Circuit on State Conservation Officer Robert Sha- Court in Warren County and while they tell, who is assigned to Warren County. faced possible fines of up to $500.00 and Shatell, the next day, came up with some possible jail sentences of 1 to 10 years, they auto license numbers of strange car that had pleaded guilty of petit larceny of a dog and been in the area the last day of hunting received a total fine of $51.00 and 30 days season. Working on the license number clues sentence to the State Farm (suspended), Shatell called on Indiana Conservation Offi- plus the cost of a Lake County attorney cer Martin R. Duies to investigate a Lake who defended them. County car that was among the strange li- This business of stealing a valuable hunt- cense numbers. ing dog is serious, and makes a hard case to Working on the license number clue only investigate unless their owners will cooper- Officer Duies soon rounded up four men who ate, states Officer Duies. The owners of admitted that they had been hunting in the these dogs should have a photograph taken West Lebanon area, but claimed not to have of the dog and keep it with the registration seen Clyde. Further investigation by Officer papers. Along with that, have the dog tattoo- Duies proved that he had the right men and marked in its ears or under the foreleg so the next day two men signed written state- investigating officers can be sure of the ments that they had picked up Clyde and identity of the dog. brought him to Lake County, but had turned So many people call to report a dog stolen him loose in the Small Farms Area of Gary, and say its a certain breed and request the Indiana. Officer Duies, still not believing he Conservation Officer watch for it. Little can had the correct story, contacted several per- be done as there are usually hundreds of sons who might have seen the dog and got the same breed of dog with the same general a tip that Clyde had been talked about in description in the area. a tavern in East . A plain clothes But armed visit to the tavern turned up enough infor- with a little information and some solid mation to trace Clyde to Westville. But evidence, officers may be able to recover where Clyde was in Westville could not be your valuable hunting dogs. found out. Officer Duies then elected to Martin R. Duies l tq Yn H " I' ^

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