DOCSLIB.ORG

Chemical Composition, Mineral Content And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chemical Composition, Mineral Content And Chemical composition, mineral content and cholesterol levels of some regular and reduced-fat white brined cheeses and strained yogurt (Labneh) Dayana Abou Jaoude, Ammar Olabi, Nour El Ouyoun Najm, Amal Malek, Carol Saadeh, Elias Baydoun, Imad Toufeili To cite this version: Dayana Abou Jaoude, Ammar Olabi, Nour El Ouyoun Najm, Amal Malek, Carol Saadeh, et al.. Chemical composition, mineral content and cholesterol levels of some regular and reduced-fat white brined cheeses and strained yogurt (Labneh). Dairy Science & Technology, EDP sciences/Springer, 2010, 90 (6), 10.1051/dst/2010026. hal-00895724 HAL Id: hal-00895724 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00895724 Submitted on 1 Jan 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Dairy Sci. Technol. 90 (2010) 699–706 Available online at: © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2010 www.dairy-journal.org DOI: 10.1051/dst/2010026 Note Chemical composition, mineral content and cholesterol levels of some regular and reduced-fat white brined cheeses and strained yogurt (Labneh) 1 1 1 1 Dayana ABOU JAOUDE , Ammar OLABI , Nour EL OUYOUN NAJM , Amal MALEK , 1 2 1 Carol SAADEH , Elias BAYDOUN , Imad TOUFEILI * 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon Received 13 November 2009 – Revised 11 February 2010 – Accepted 9 March 2010 Published online 18 June 2010 Abstract – White brined cheeses and strained yogurt (Labneh) are the most popular dairy products in the Eastern Mediterranean. However, scant data are available on the nutrient profiles of these products. In the present work, 38 samples of regular and reduced-fat varieties of four white brined cheeses (Akkawi, Halloumi, Double Crème and Braided) and Labneh, produced from cow’s milk, were analyzed for basic nutrients (water, protein, fat, ash and lactose), cholesterol and selected minerals (Na, Ca, K, Mg, P and Zn). The moisture contents of Labneh (78.6 g·100 g−1) and Double Crème (60.3 g·100 g−1) were higher than those of Akkawi, Halloumi and Braided cheeses (46.6–55.1 g·100 g−1). The fat content of full-fat Labneh was 8.8 g·100 g−1 while the full-fat brined cheeses contained fat levels between 18.3 and 23.9 g·100 g−1. Protein contents ranged between 8.9 and 24.8 g·100 g−1. Cholesterol strongly correlated with fat content and an increase in cholesterol/fat ratios was observed with decreasing fat levels. Sodium contents ranged between 151 and 5012 mg·100 g−1 while Ca levels ranged between 43 and 921 mg·100 g−1. The moisture contents indicated that Double Crème was a soft cheese while Akkawi, Halloumi and Braided cheeses were firm/semi-hard cheeses. The fat levels in dry matter (FDM) revealed that only full-fat Double Crème cheese with a FDM of 48 can be classified as full-fat while the other cheeses can be classified as medium fat, partially skimmed or skim. These data will be of use to dairy scientists and technologists, dietitians and bodies concerned with promoting healthier dietary practices. brined cheese / Labneh / composition / minerals / cholesterol 摘要 – 常规和低脂白卤干酪及浓缩酸奶 (Labneh) 中化学成分矿物元素和胆固醇含量○ 白卤干酪和浓缩酸奶是 (Labneh) 是地中海东部地区最普遍的乳制品○ 但是缺乏这些产 品营养方面的数据○ 本研究中，在四种白卤干酪中 (常规和低脂干酪) 中取 38 个样品 (Akkawi, Halloumi, Double Crème 和 Braided) 以及用牛奶制作的浓缩酸奶 (Labneh), 分析了这些样品最基本的营养成分 (水分、蛋白、脂肪、灰分、乳糖)、胆固醇及一些元 −1 −1 素 (Na,Ca,K,Mg,P,Zn)○ Labneh (78.6 g·100 g ) 和 Double Crème (60.3 g·100 g ) 的 *Corresponding author (通讯作者): [email protected] Article published by EDP Sciences 700 D. Abou Jaoude et al. −1 水分含量显著地高于 Akkawi, Halloumi 和 Braided 干酪 (46.6–55.1 g·100 g )○ 全脂 −1 −1 Labneh 中脂肪含量为 8.8 g·100 g ，而全脂的盐卤干酪中脂肪含量在 18.3 和 23.9 g·100 g ○ 蛋 −1 白质含量在 8.9 和 24.8 g·100 g ○ 胆固醇的含量与脂肪含量呈正相关，并且随着脂肪量的 −1 降低，可以观察到明显的胆固醇/脂肪的比例在增加○ Na 含量在 1515012 mg·100 g ，而 −1 Ca 的含量在 43921 mg·100 g ○ 水分含量的测定结果表明 Double Crème 是软质干酪， 而 Akkawi、Halloumi 和 Braided 是硬质/半硬质干酪○ 干物质中脂肪含量的测定结果表 明只有全脂的 Double Crème (干物质为 48) 才能分类为全脂干酪，而其他干酪只能分类为 中脂、部分脱脂和脱脂干酪○ 本研究的数据将有助于乳品科技人员、营养学家以及关注 食品健康的消费者认识这类干酪的营养特性○ 盐卤干酪 / Labneh / 组成 / 矿物元素 / 胆固醇 Résumé – Composition chimique et teneurs en minéraux et en cholestérol de fromages frais en saumure et de lait caillé égoutté (Labneh) à teneur normale ou réduite en matière grasse. Les fromages frais en saumure et le Labneh (lait caillé égoutté) sont les produits laitiers les plus populaires dans les pays situés à l’est du bassin méditerranéen. Cependant de rares données sont disponibles sur les profils nutritionnels de ces produits. Dans cette étude, 38 échantillons de 4 types de fromages frais en saumure (Akkawi, Halloumi, Double Crème et Braided) et de Labneh, à teneur normale ou réduite en matière grasse, produits à partir de lait de vache, ont été analysés pour leurs teneurs en nutriments basiques (eau, protéines, lipides, cendres, lactose), cholestérol et certains minéraux (Na, Ca, K, Mg, P, Zn). La teneur en matière grasse des Labneh « gras » était de 8,8 g·100 g−1 tandis que les fromages frais en saumure « gras » présentaient des teneurs en matière grasse de 18,3 à 23,9 g·100 g−1. Le cholestérol était fortement corrélé avec la teneur en matière grasse et une augmentation des ratios cholestérol/matière grasse était observée avec la réduction des niveaux de matière grasse. Les teneurs en sodium variaient entre 151 et 5012 mg·100 g−1 alors que les teneurs en calcium allaient de 43 à 921 mg·100 g−1. Les teneurs en humidité indiquaient que le Double Crème est un fromage à pâte molle, alors que l’Akkawi, l’Halloumi et le Braided sont des fromages fermes/à pâte demi-dure. Les niveaux de matière grasse sur extrait sec (G/S) montraient que seul le Double Crème à teneur non réduite en matière grasse peut être classé en fromage « gras » avec un G/S égal à 48, alors que les autres fromages peuvent être classés en « moyenne- ment gras », « partiellement maigre », ou « maigre ». Ces données seront utiles aux scientifiques et technologues du domaine laitier, aux diététiciens, et aux parties concernées par la promotion de pratiques alimentaires plus saines. fromage en saumure / Labneh / composition / minéraux / cholesterol 1. INTRODUCTION produced from goat’s and sheep’smilk[1]. Nowadays, large-scale dairy processors are The conversion of milk into cheese, using the more readily available cow’s milk and storage of the product in brine, has been to meet the growing demand for these practiced in the Eastern Mediterranean coun- cheeses in the Middle East and export mar- tries for thousands of years. The process is a kets [16]. Moreover, growing consumer practical means for preserving milk nutrients demand for low-fat/low-salt products, driven in a form that can be safely stored for by higher awareness of the perceived health extended periods of time at the high ambient risks associated with the consumption of temperatures in the region [16]. White brined diets high in fat and salt, has led to an increase cheeses, which continue to be the typical and in the production of low-fat/low-salt analogs most consumed group of cheeses in the of white brined cheeses. Eastern Mediterranean region and in some A number of white brined cheese varie- neighboring countries, were traditionally ties differing in texture and composition Composition of brined cheeses and Labneh 701 are consumed in the Eastern Mediterranean 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS countries with the range including Halloumi, Akkawi, Braided (mujaddal) 2.1. Samples and Double Crème. Concentrated yogurt, commonly known as Labneh in the Middle A total of 38 samples of commercially East and as strained yogurt in Europe, is packed Labneh and cheese samples from also widely consumed in the region. Labneh the leading brands marketed in Lebanon evolved as a means to prolong the shelf life were analyzed and included Labneh of yogurt by straining away part of its whey (4 full-fat samples, 3 low-fat samples and in cloth bags (traditional method) or by 4 fat-free samples), Akkawi cheese (4 full- modern procedures utilizing ultrafiltration fat, 4 low-fat and 1 fat-free), Halloumi andcentrifugation[13]. cheese (4 full-fat, 3 low-fat and 1 fat-free), The great majority of white brined Double Crème cheese (4 full-fat and 1 fat- cheeses are rennet-coagulated and brine- free) and Braided cheese (3 full-fat and salted. During the manufacture of Akkawi 2 low-fat). Ten packages (~ 300 g) from cheese, the molded curd is pressed to expel each brand and product category were sam- even more whey and stored in brine. For pled and bulked according to AOAC Offi- Halloumi cheese, the pressed curd is boiled cial Methods 920.122 and 955.30 [3]to in the cheese whey prior to storage in brine. prepare representative samples; the prepared In the production of Double Crème cheese, samples were wrapped in plastic films and the whey obtained during cheese making is placed in plastic containers at −20 °C until mixed with full-fat milk and/or cream and analyzed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Food-Based Dietary Guidelines Around the World: Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries
    nutrients Review Food-Based Dietary Guidelines around the World: Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries Concetta Montagnese 1,*, Lidia Santarpia 2,3, Fabio Iavarone 2, Francesca Strangio 2, Brigida Sangiovanni 2, Margherita Buonifacio 2, Anna Rita Caldara 2, Eufemia Silvestri 2, Franco Contaldo 2,3 and Fabrizio Pasanisi 2,3 1 Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, 80131 Napoli, Italy 2 Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (F.I.); [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.R.C.); [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (F.C.); [email protected] (F.P.) 3 Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +0039-081-746-2333 Received: 28 April 2019; Accepted: 10 June 2019; Published: 13 June 2019 Abstract: In Eastern Mediterranean countries, undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies coexist with overnutrition-related diseases, such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Many Mediterranean countries have produced Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) to provide the general population with indications for healthy nutrition and lifestyles. This narrative review analyses Eastern Mediterranean countries’ FBDGs and discusses their pictorial representations, food groupings and associated messages on healthy eating and behaviours. In 2012, both the WHO and the Arab Center for Nutrition developed specific dietary guidelines for Arab countries. In addition, seven countries, representing 29% of the Eastern Mediterranean Region population, designated their national FBDGs.
    [Show full text]
  • Syria & Its Neighbours
    Syria Studies i The View From Without: Syria & Its Neighbours Özden Zeynep Oktav Tine Gade Taku Osoegawa Syria Studies ii Syria Studies An open-access, peer reviewed, & indexed journal published online by: The Centre for Syrian Studies (CSS) University of St Andrews Raymond Hinnebusch (Editor-In-Chief) & Omar Imady (Managing Editor) Syria Studies iii _______________ © 2014 by the University of St Andrews, Centre for Syrian Studies Published by the University of St Andrews, Centre for Syrian Studies School of International Relations Fife, Scotland, UK ISSN 2056-3175 Syria Studies iv Contents Preface v-vi Omar Imady The Syrian Civil War and Turkey-Syria-Iran Relations 1-19 Özden Zeynep Oktav Sunni Islamists in Tripoli and the Asad regime 1966-2014 20-65 Tine Gade Coping with Asad: Lebanese Prime Ministers’ Strategies 66-81 Taku Osoegawa iv Syria Studies v Preface Omar Imady In this issue of Syria Studies, we move to a regional perspective of Syria, examining recent political dynamics involving Turkey and Lebanon. Three contributions by scholars on Syria are included in this issue, and their findings consistently point to just how charged and often hostile Syria’s relationships with its neighbours have been. In The Syrian Civil War and Turkey-Syria-Iran Relations, Özden Zeynep Oktav takes us on a fascinating journey from 2002 when the Justice and Development Party came to power, and until the present. Oktav highlights the period when Turkey sought a state of ‘zero problem with its neighbours’ and the positive implications this had on its relationship with Syria in particular. The advent of the Arab Spring, and the events that unfolded in Syria after March 2011, caused a dramatic change in Turkey’s foreign policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Fast, from Scratch. Gluten-Free Vegetarian from Scratch, Every Day
    BAKERY flatbreads FOUR CHEESE $10 blend of akkawi, white cheddar, parmesan and mozzarella cheese, tomato, basil ZAATAR $6 bAKERY extras add cheese +$1 changes daily, limited availability. ground dried thyme, oregano, FALAFILL OFFERS A VARIETY OF sumac, toasted sesame, olive oil FRESH BAKERY ITEMS INCLUDING: • MANAEESH MUHAMARAH $7 • FATAYER (cheese / spinach) add cheese +$1 • BEEF SAFIHA roasted tomato red pepper spread, • CHICKEN MUSAKAN walnuts, pomegranate molasses, • RICE & BEEF OZZI black olives, onion • SAMBOUSA (beef / cheese) SUJUK $8 EAST MEDITERRANEAN LoKITCHEN & MARKET spicy beef sausage, mozzarella re THE GARDEN $10 oven baked tomato spread, grilled eggplant, roasted red pepper, mozzarella, feta cheese, kalamata olives, basil gluten-free crust available upon request. Making flavorful food part of your everyday life. Fast, from scratch. gluten-free vegetarian From scratch, every day. Flavorful small plates served with choice of pita bread or pita chips salads spreads TABBOULEH $3/$6 HUMMUS $3/$6 BABA GHANOUJ $3/$6 bulgur wheat, parsley, tomatoes, chickpeas, tahini, lemon, garlic fire roasted eggplant, tahini, red onion, dry mint, lemon vinaigrette olive oil, lemon, garlic MUHAMMARA $4/$8 QUINOA TABBOULEH $4/$8 fire roasted red pepper, walnuts, MAHROUSEH $3/$6 quinoa, parsley, tomatoes, red onion, cumin, garlic, pomegranate creamy garlic potato mousse, dry mint, lemon vinaigrette LEVANTINE $3/$6 molasses, breadcrumbs yogurt, lemon, olive oil tomato, cucumber, parsley, MINTED CABBAGE $2/$4 lemon, dressed with tahini dips shredded
    [Show full text]
  • Forgotten Palestinians
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 THE FORGOTTEN PALESTINIANS 10 1 2 3 4 5 6x 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 36x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 36x 1 2 3 4 5 THE FORGOTTEN 6 PALESTINIANS 7 8 A History of the Palestinians in Israel 9 10 1 2 3 Ilan Pappé 4 5 6x 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 5 NEW HAVEN AND LONDON 36x 1 In memory of the thirteen Palestinian citizens who were shot dead by the 2 Israeli police in October 2000 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 Copyright © 2011 Ilan Pappé 6 The right of Ilan Pappé to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by 7 him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 8 All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright 9 Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from 20 the publishers. 1 For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, 2 please contact: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Research in the Syrian Conflict
    Journal of Public Health | pp. 1–5 | doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdab160 Perspectives Health research in the Syrian conict: opportunities for Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pubmed/fdab160/6279496 by King's College London user on 23 May 2021 equitable and multidisciplinary collaboration Abdulkarim Ekzayez1,2, Amina Olabi3, Yazan Douedari4,5,6, Kristen Meagher1, Gemma Bowsher1, Bashar Farhat3, Preeti Patel1 1Research for Health System Strengthening in northern Syria (R4HSSS), Research for Health in Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa (R4HC-MENA), and the Conflict and Health Research Group (CHRG), King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, UK 2Syria Public Health Network, UK 3Union for Medical and Relief Organisations (UOSSM), UK/Turkey 4London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health, London WC1H 9SH, UK 5Syria Research Group (SyRG), co-hosted by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, UK 6Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, 117549, Singapore Address correspondence to Abdulkarim Ekzayez, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT There is considerable global momentum from Syrian researchers, policy makers and diaspora to address health, security and development challenges posed by almost a decade of armed conict and complex geopolitics that has resulted in different areas of political control. However, research funders have been so far reluctant to invest in large-scale research programmes in severely conict-affected areas such as northern Syria. This paper presents examples of collaborations and programmes that could change this through equitable partnerships between academic and operational humanitarian organizations involving local Syrian researchers—a tremendous way forward to capitalize and accelerate this global momentum.
    [Show full text]
  • COCKTAILS BEERS Wine by the Glass SODA &
    NEGEV COCKTAILS 12 SAINT ARNOLD BEERS 7 MOCKLY BOOZE-FREESODA COCKTAIL & TEA 6 tequila, liqueur de violette, promegrante, baharat dry cider | TX blend of tangerine, lemon, peach, basil, lemongrass add vodka, gin, or tequila +$6 47 PROBLEMS 13 URBAN SOUTH HOLY ROLLER 7 gin, lemon, lychee, brut rosé IPA | LA HOUSE POMEGRANATE LEMON SODA 6 pomegranate juice, house-made lemon syrup, Q club soda SABABA 13 SOUTHERN PROHIBITION ‘SUZY B’ 7 Honeysuckle vodka, Lillet Blanc, cucumber, lemon, Q tonic blonde ale | MS HOUSE TURMERIC SERRANO SODA 6 SECOND DOSE 14 house-made turmeric serrano syrup, lime juice, Q club soda Pimms gin, Metaxa greek brandy, lemongrass Mockly ALMAZA 7 lager | Lebanon BLACKBERRY JASMINE TEA (HOT OR ICED) 9 CHOUMALI 14 jasmine silver tip, butterfly pea, blackberry, lemon, sugar Arrak Massaya, silver rum, lemon, mint, aqua di cedro MYTHOS HELLENIC 7 lager | Greece TAHITIAN MINT TEA (HOT OR ICED) 9 NAKED WATERMELON 14 gunpowder green tea, lemon, sugar, mint tequila, Chareau aloe vera, watermelon, tropical fruit PARADISE PARK 7 lager | LA HIBISCUS MANGO TEA (HOT OR ICED) 9 SHALOMA 15 hibiscus flower, mango, sugar, fresh orange blood orange, elderflower, pink peppercorn, mezcal, thyme, rosé SMITH TEAMAKER HERBAL & FULL LEAF HOT TEAS 4 MONKEY BUSINESS 16 assorted flavors of handcrafted teas Bumbu Rum, pineapple, tiki bitters WiNE By thE Glass WHITE GL | BTL RED GL | BTL ROSÉ GL | BTL CHENIN BLANC 10 38 BARBERA 10 38 Pine Ridge Vineyards, California 2020 TEMPRANILLO 11 44 Michele Chiarlo, Italy 2017 Beronia, Spain 2019 PINOT GRIGIO
    [Show full text]
  • Linan Akkawi Book
    THE KEY is THE KEY The deal or ORdeal of the century Lina Akkawi AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT UNDERGRADUATE DESIGN THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE SUBMITTAL FORM [THE KEY IS THE KEY] by [LINA EL- AKKAWI] ARCH 508/509– FINAL YEAR THESIS I & II FALL/SPRING 2019-2020 ADVISOR: [Sinan Hassan] Approved by Thesis Advisor: [Signature] ______________________________________________________________________ [prof. SINAN HASSAN, Senior Lecturer] [Department Of Architecture And Design] Date of Thesis final presentation: [May 19, 2020] AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT THESIS, DISSERTATION, PROJECT RELEASE FORM Student Name: El- Akkawi Lina Khaled Last First Middle ArDT Project (Architecture Design Thesis) GDRP Project (Graphic Design Research Project) I authorize the American University of Beirut to: (a) reproduce hard or electronic copies of my project; (b) include such copies in the archives and digital repositories of the University; and (c) make freely available such copies to third parties for research or educational purposes. I authorize the American University of Beirut, to: (a) reproduce hard or electronic copies of my project; (b) include such copies in the archives and digital repositories of the University; and (c) make freely available such copies to third parties for research or educational purposes after : One year from the date of submission of my thesis. Two years from the date of submission of my thesis. Three years from the date of submission of my thesis. __________________________________________________ Signature Date May 26,2020 This form
    [Show full text]
  • Sunni Islamists in Tripoli and the Asad Regime 1966-2014
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository Syria Studies 20 2 Sunni Islamists in Tripoli and the Asad regime 1966-2014 Tine Gade♣ A city in North Lebanon with 320,310 inhabitants, Tripoli is one of the so-called “sensitive” zones where the Syrian war threatens to spread into Lebanon. While the Syrian army withdrew from North Lebanon in April 2005, Tripoli’s destiny remained intrinsically linked to Syria. This was because of the numerous historical, political, family, and economic ties linking the social space of north Lebanon to its Syrian hinterland. The demographic composition of the city resembles Syria. Tripoli’s population is in majority Sunni Muslim (80.9%) and includes, in addition to a Christian minority in decline, the largest Alawi community in Lebanon (8,9 %, or 28,525 persons) 1 . This paper analyses the consequences of the Syrian intervention and presence in Lebanon on political leadership in Tripoli. It shows how the Syrian presence created alliances, conflicts and divisions still present in Tripoli today. The main argument is that the Syrian presence in Tripoli de- structured Sunni leadership in North Lebanon. New Syrian political-economic networks emerged, where clients were awarded with political and economic influence. Common interests between Tripolitanian businessmen and actors in the Syrian military developed during the period of the Syrian presence. Tripoli’s political field became more split, between winners and losers of the Syrian presence. The losers of the Syrian period included in particular the urban poor, who suffered from Syrian repression and from competition from Syrian labourers.
    [Show full text]
  • Lebanon: Torture and Unfair Trial of the Dhinniyyah Detainees
    Lebanon: Torture and unfair trial of the Dhinniyyah detainees 1. Introduction 1.1 Use of torture and ill-treatment In recent years Lebanon has taken important steps towards greater promotion and protection of human rights. Already a state party to many important human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), in 2000 Lebanon acceded to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT). However, despite these positive developments and significant changes in legislation to strengthen human rights safeguards, certain categories of detainees, including the so-called Dhinniyyah group, remain at risk of serious human rights violations including torture1 and unfair trial. Categories of political prisoners particularly targeted include members of opposition parties and groups, both from Christian and Sunni Muslim communities, and people held in connection with their alleged “collaboration” or “contact” with Israel. They are normally detained incommunicado for weeks and, in some cases, even their names or places of detention are not made public. These categories of people, according to research carried out by Amnesty International, are more vulnerable to human rights abuses for their political opposition to the government and/or the Syrian military presence in Lebanon. In pre-trial detention members of Sunni Muslim groups are often labelled by the media and government officials as “terrorists” or affiliates of al-Qa’ida, and Christian political activists risk being labelled as “collaborators” with Israel. In both cases such categorization can seriously prejudice the right to fair trial.
    [Show full text]
  • Live Cooking Stations
    LIVE COOKING STATIONS Live Cooking Stations Minimum of 50 guests The Cold Caesar Salad Romaine hearts, cherry tomato, shaved parmesan, garlic croutons, anchovies, bacon, classic caesar dressing Available with grilled chicken or cajun shrimps Mediterranean Salad Bar Oak leaves, radicchio, frisée, romaine, iceberg lettuce, onion, tomato, artichoke, cucumber, carrot, celery, green chili, mustard and vinaigrette, thousand island dressing Chaat Counter Traditional bombay street food Sev papdi, chaat, panipuri, bhel puri, samosa chaat Vietnamese Rice Paper Rolls King prawn, duck breast, rice noodles, fresh herbs, salad and nam jim dressing Ceviche Sea food & fish, lime, chili, vegetables, prepare in classic peruvian ceviche style International Cheese Large selection of cheeses from around the world Grapes, jams, chutneys, crackers, nuts Savory Crepe Stuffed with a choice of: Smoked salmon, cream cheese, arugula, wild mushrooms, cheese, turkey ham, grilled vegetables, tomato, arugula Sushi Selection of nigiri, maki, sashimi Tuna and salmon, traditional condiments Cold Seafood Bar Poached seafood on ice King crab, lobster, shrimp, mussels, razor clams, oysters, octopus lemon, cocktail sauce, tartar sauce, remoulade, horseradish The Hot Pao Bhaji Exotic Indian vegetables, green peas, prepared in an Indian wok, traditional condiments, soft bun Manakish Baked and stuffed Arabic bread, akkawi cheese, olive oil, za’atar, turkey ham, lamb, labneh Dosa A Chef ’s selection of Crepe of rice flour and lentils Potato, schezwan chicken, masala dosa, cheese
    [Show full text]
  • Risk Assessment of Food
    OCCASION This publication has been made available to the public on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation. DISCLAIMER This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. FAIR USE POLICY Any part of this publication may be quoted and referenced for educational and research purposes without additional permission from UNIDO. However, those who make use of quoting and referencing this publication are requested to follow the Fair Use Policy of giving due credit to UNIDO. CONTACT Please contact [email protected] for further information concerning UNIDO publications. For more information about UNIDO, please visit us at www.unido.org UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box
    [Show full text]
  • Music in Conflict: Palestine, Israel, and the Politics of Aesthetic Production
    Music in Conflict: Palestine, Israel, and the Politics of Aesthetic Production Nili Belkind Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree Of Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Nili Belkind All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Music in Conflict: Palestine, Israel and the Politics of Aesthetic Production Nili Belkind This is an ethnographic study of the fraught and complex cultural politics of music making in Palestine-Israel in the context of the post-Oslo era. I examine the politics of sound and the ways in which music making and attached discourses reflect and constitute identities, and also, contextualize political action. Ethical and aesthetic positions that shape contemporary artistic production in Israel-Palestine are informed by profound imbalances of power between the State (Israel), the stateless (Palestinians of the occupied Palestinian territories), the complex positioning of Israel’s Palestinian minority, and contingent exposure to ongoing political violence. Cultural production in this period is also profoundly informed by highly polarized sentiments and retreat from the expressive modes of relationality that accompanied the 1990s peace process, strategic shifts in the Palestinian struggle for liberation, which is increasingly taking place on the world stage through diplomatic and cultural work, and the conceptual life and currency Palestine has gained as an entity deserving of statehood around the world. The ethnography attends to how the conflict is lived and expressed, musically and discursively, in both Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories (oPt) of the West Bank, encompassing different sites, institutions and individuals. I examine the ways in which music making and attached discourses reflect and constitute identities, with the understanding that musical culture is a sphere in which power and hegemony are asserted, negotiated and resisted through shifting relations between and within different groups.
    [Show full text]