Orange River Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

ORANGE RIVER PROJECT: OvERVIEW South Africa NAMIBIA BOTSWANA Orange-Senqu River Basin Vanderkloof Dam LESOTHO Gariep Dam LOCATION SOUTH AFRICA The Orange River Project (ORP) is the largest scheme in the Orange–Senqu River basin, and includes the two largest dams in South Africa, the Gariep and Vanderkloof. They regulate flows to the Orange River and increase assurance of supply. DESCRIPTION Gariep and Vanderkloof dams were constructed as part of the project, and have a combined storage of 8,500 million m3. The ORP includes several sub-systems. The Orange–Riet Water Scheme.* The Orange–Fish Transfer Tunnel.* The Orange–Vaal Transfer Scheme.* Bloem Water: Pipeline network between Gariep Dam and the towns of Trompsburg, Springfontein and Philippolis. Irrigation abstractions: Between Gariep Dam and downstream of Vanderkloof Dam, up to the confluence of the Vaal and Orange rivers (near the town of Marksdrift). Urban and industrial abstractions: Between Gariep Dam and Marksdrift (including Hopetown and Vanderkloof towns). Support to the Lower Orange Water Management Area Schemes: * Support to most of the demands in the Gariep Dam (© Hendrik van den Berg/Panoramio.com) Lower Orange, including irrigation, urban use and power generation. Caledon–Bloemfontein Government Water Scheme.* * Further details are given on separate pages PURPOSE The purpose of this very complex scheme is to supply demands within several sub-systems, including the Upper and Lower Orange water management areas all the way down to the Orange River mouth, and the Eastern Cape Province. These demands include irrigation, urban, industrial and environmental water requirements. Power generation is also part of the system, including at Gariep and Vanderkloof dams, which contributes to the Eskom national power grid. From: The Orange–Senqu River Basin Infrastructure Catalogue, ORASECOM Report 001/2013 Vanderkloof Dam (© S Crerar).

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Phytosociology of the Upper Orange River Valley, South Africa
PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE UPPER ORANGE RIVER VALLEY, SOUTH AFRICA A SYNTAXONOMICAL AND SYNECOLOGICAL STUDY M.J.A.WERGER PROMOTOR: Prof. Dr. V. WESTHOFF PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE UPPER ORANGE RIVER VALLEY, SOUTH AFRICA A SYNTAXONOMICAL AND SYNECOLOGICAL STUDY PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRUGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE WISKUNDE EN NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN AAN DE KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT TE NIJMEGEN, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF. MR. F J.F.M. DUYNSTEE VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VAN DECANEN IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP 10 MEI 1973 DES NAMIDDAGS TE 4.00 UUR. DOOR MARINUS JOHANNES ANTONIUS WERGER GEBOREN TE ENSCHEDE 1973 V&R PRETORIA aan mijn ouders Frontiepieae: Panorama drawn by R.J. GORDON when he discovered the Orange River at "De Fraaye Schoot" near the present Bethulie, probably on the 23rd December 1777. I. INTRODUCTION When the government of the Republic of South Africa in the early sixties decided to initiate a comprehensive water development scheme of its largest single water resource, the Orange River, this gave rise to a wide range of basic and applied scientific sur veys of that area. The reasons for these surveys were threefold: (1) The huge capital investment on such a water scheme can only be justified economically on a long term basis. Basic to this is that the waterworks be protected, over a long period of time, against inefficiency caused by for example silting. Therefore, management reports of the catchment area should.be produced. (2) In order to enable effective long term planning of the management and use of the natural resources in the area it is necessary to know the state of the local ecosystems before a major change is instituted.
[Show full text]
Kai ! Garib Final IDP 2020 2021
KAI !GARIB MUNICIPALITY Integrated Development Plan 2020/2021 “Creating an economically viable and fully developed municipality, which enhances the standard of living of all the inhabitants / community of Kai !Garib through good governance, excellent service delivery and sustainable development.” June 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD.................................................................................................................1 2. IDP PLANNING PROCESS:......................................................................................2 2.1 IDP Steering Committee:...........................................................................................3 2.2 IDP Representative Forum.........................................................................................3 2.3 Process Overview: Steps & Events:.............................................................................4 2.4 Legislative Framework:…………………………………………………………………………………………...6 3. THE ORGANISATION:............................................................................................15 3.1 Institutional Development………………………………………………………………………………..... 15 3.2 The Vision & Mission:...............................................................................................16 3.3 The Values of Kai !Garib Municipality which guides daily conduct ...............................16 3.4 The functioning of the municipality............................................................................16 3.4.1 Council and council committees..............................................................................16
[Show full text]
Scientists Brave SA's Mightiest River to Kayak from Source To
Aquatic ecosystems The Orange River forms a green artery of life through the harsh and arid desert along the border of South Africa and Namibia. Courtesy Senqu2SeaCourtesy team Scientists brave SA’s mightiest river to kayak from source to sea When Irrigation Department Director, hile not as substantial to undertake rare extensive field Dr Alfred Dale Lewis, explored the lower as its cousin, the research. “The Orange is the iconic Zambezi, to the north, South African river – long, ancient reaches of the Orange River in December SouthW Africa’s largest river has and traversing varied and incredibly 1913 he walked most of the 400 km-long always captured the imagination of beautiful scenery, from grass moun- journey in one of the hottest years on those who gazed upon it. Local Khoi tain highlands to rocky desert. We named it the Gariep, meaning ‘big wanted to spend an extended period record. Now nearly a century later, three water’ or ‘great river’, while the San’s in nature, experiencing a long rather young researchers of the University of name for it meant ‘Dragon River’. It than a technically difficult adven- Cape Town (UCT) have completed a similar was European commander, Colonel ture,” explains the team. Robert Gordon, who gave the river adventure, traversing South Africa’s its ‘royal’ name, naming the river VALUABLE RESEARCH mightiest river in kayaks from its source after Dutch ruler, Prince William of in the Lesotho mountains to its mouth on Orange, 300 years ago. hile enjoying the scenery For Masters graduate Sam Jack, Wthe team also took time to the West Coast of South Africa.
[Show full text]
Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment
Study Name: Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report Title: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Submitted By: WRP Consulting Engineers, Jeffares and Green, Sechaba Consulting, WCE Pty Ltd, Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Ltd Authors: A Jeleni, H Mare Date of Issue: November 2007 Distribution: Botswana: DWA: 2 copies (Katai, Setloboko) Lesotho: Commissioner of Water: 2 copies (Ramosoeu, Nthathakane) Namibia: MAWRD: 2 copies (Amakali) South Africa: DWAF: 2 copies (Pyke, van Niekerk) GTZ: 2 copies (Vogel, Mpho) Reports: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River Water Quality in the Orange River Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment Summary Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objective of the study ................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Labeo Capensis (Orange River Mudfish) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
Orange River Mudfish (Labeo capensis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2014 Revised, May and July 2019 Web Version, 9/19/2019 Image: G. A. Boulenger. Public domain. Available: https://archive.org/stream/catalogueoffres01brit/catalogueoffres01brit. (July 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019): “Africa: within the drainage basin of the Orange-Vaal River system [located in Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa] to which it is possibly restricted. Hitherto thought to occur in the Limpopo system and in southern Cape watersheds [South Africa] which records may be erroneous.” From Barkhuizen et al. (2017): “Native: Lesotho; Namibia; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province - Introduced, Free State, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape Province, North-West Province)” 1 Status in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. There is no indication that this species is in trade in the United States. Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. Remarks A previous version of this ERSS was published in 2014. 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From ITIS (2019): “Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Actinopterygii Class Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes Superfamily Cyprinoidea Family Cyprinidae Genus Labeo Species Labeo capensis (Smith, 1841)” From Fricke et al. (2019): “Current status: Valid as Labeo capensis (Smith 1841). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae.” Size, Weight, and Age Range From Froese and Pauly (2019): “Max length : 50.0 cm FL male/unsexed; [de Moor and Bruton 1988]; common length : 45.0 cm FL male/unsexed; [Lévêque and Daget 1984]; max.
[Show full text]
Eskom Audited Annual Results Presentation for the Year Ended 31 March 2011
Eskom Audited Annual Results Presentation for the year ended 31 March 2011 Select Committee on Labour and Public Enterprises 9 May 2012 Disclaimer This presentation does not constitute or form part of and should not be construed as, an offer to sell, or the solicitation or invitation of any offer to buy or subscribe for or underwrite or otherwise acquire, securities of Eskom Holdings Limited (“Eskom”), any holding company or any of its subsidiaries in any jurisdiction or any other person, nor an inducement to enter into any investment activity. No part of this presentation, nor the fact of its distribution, should form the basis of, or be relied on in connection with, any contract or commitment or investment decision whatsoever. This presentation does not constitute a recommendation regarding any securities of Eskom or any other person. Certain statements in this presentation regarding Eskom’s business operations may constitute “forward looking statements.” All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this presentation, including, without limitation, those regarding the financial position, business strategy, management plans and objectives for future operations of Eskom are forward looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not intended to be a guarantee of future results, but instead constitute Eskom’s current expectations based on reasonable assumptions. Forecasted financial information is based on certain material assumptions. These assumptions include, but are not limited to continued normal levels of operating performance and electricity demand in the Distribution and Transmission divisions and operational performance in the Generation and Primary Energy divisions consistent with historical levels, and incremental capacity additions through our Group Capital division at investment levels and rates of return consistent with prior experience, as well as achievements of planned productivity improvements throughout our business activities.
[Show full text]
Water Quality in the Orange River
Study Name: Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Report Title: Water Quality in the Orange River Submitted By: WRP Consulting Engineers, Jeffares and Green, Sechaba Consulting, WCE Pty Ltd, Water Surveys Botswana (Pty) Ltd Authors: T Coleman, A van Niekerk Date of Issue: August 2007 Distribution: Botswana: DWA: 2 copies (Katai, Setloboko) Lesotho: Commissioner of Water: 2 copies (Ramosoeu, Nthathakane) Namibia: MAWRD: 2 copies (Amakali) South Africa: DWAF: 2 copies (Pyke, van Niekerk) GTZ: 2 copies (Vogel, Mpho) Reports: Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River Water Quality in the Orange River Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment Summary Report TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 2 DESCRIPTION OF CATCHMENT FROM WATER QUALITY PERSPECTIVE .................... 2 2.1 Upper Vaal WMA .........................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Maximising Hydro-Power Generation Within a Multi-User Water Supply System
226 Hydrocomplexity: New Tools for Solving Wicked Water Problems Kovacs Colloquium, July 2010 (IAHS Publ. 338, 2010) Maximising hydro-power generation within a multi-user water supply system L. BAPELA1, B. MWAKA1, R. CAI1 & H. G. MARÉ2 1 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa [email protected] 2 WRP Consulting Engineers (Pty) Ltd, South Africa INTRODUCTION In order to optimise the generation of hydro-power from Gariep and Vanderkloof dams, and to supply the other water users at the required risk levels, a system utilisation agreement was formed between the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) and Eskom (the national energy supplier within the RSA). As part of the agreement between DWA and Eskom, DWA commissioned the Orange River System Annual Operating Analysis study to ensure that all the users are supplied at the required assurance and to determine the volume of water available for the generation of hydro power on an annual basis. Background Gariep and Vanderkloof dams are the two largest dams in the RSA, located in the Orange River, with gross storages of 5343 million m3 and 3187 million m3, respectively. Several water supply sub-systems, including the well known Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP), are located upstream of Gariep and Vanderkloof dams. These sub-systems, some with large transfers, all have an effect on the water availability in Gariep and Vanderkloof dams, also referred to the as the Orange River Project (ORP). The total 2008 demand imposed on the ORP is in the order of 3200 million m3/year-1 and is just lower than the historic firm yield of 3 349 million m3/year-1.
[Show full text]
Hydro Energy Hydroelectric Power Hydro Energy
Hydro Energy Hydroelectric Power Hydro Energy • Hydroelectric power refers to the generation of electric power through the extraction of energy from moving water streams. • A large fraction of radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is absorbed by the oceans, warming them and adding water vapour to the air. Source: Unsplash.com • The water vapour condenses as rain to feed rivers in which dams can be built and hydroelectric turbines installed to extract the energy of the flowing water. • Moving water can be extremely powerful. • The kinetic energy of flowing water can be used to drive hydroelectric turbines to produce electricity. Source: pixabay.com 2 Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectric Power: Hydro Energy Converted To Electricity • Gravity makes water flow from a high to a low place. The moving water contains kinetic energy. Hydroelectric Dam • Hydroelectric power stations are able to transform the kinetic energy in moving water to electrical energy. • In a hydroelectric power station, part of a river’s flow is sent through pipes. • The water then turns the turbines, and the turbines turn the electricity generators. • The water is returned to the river further downstream. • In the conventional system, water is stored behind a dam wall. • The power station is normally situated close to the dam wall. • The water is released on demand, powering huge turbines that generate electricity. 3 Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectric Power in SA • Eskom operates hydroelectric power stations at both the Gariep Dam and the Vanderkloof Dam. • In South Africa, the most important role of these power stations is the storage of ‘electricity’ in case of unexpected demand, or in case of sudden operational disturbances at one of the power stations supplying the regular demand.
[Show full text]
Potential Toxic Algal Incident in the Orange River Northern Cape 2000
Potentially Toxic Algal Incident in the Orange River, Northern Cape, 2000 by C.E. van Ginkel & B. Conradie IWQS & NC Region • I bEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY I 0 -,_. TITLE: POTENTIALLY TOXIC ALGAL INCIDENT IN THE ORANGE RIVER, NORTHERN CAPE, 2000. REPORT NUMBER: N/D801/12/DEQ/0800 PROJECT: Eutrophication Project STATUS OF REPORT: Final DATE: July 2001 This report should be cited as: Van Ginkel, C.E. and B. Conradie (2001). Potential toxic algal incident in the Orange River, Northern Cape, 2000. Draft Report No. N/D801/12/DEQ/0800. Institute for Water Quality Studies, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Pretoria. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. All the external stakeholders who assisted in collecting, storing and transporting samples. These include (not in any order of priority): • Mr Jaco Goussard (JCG Water Treatment) • Mr Gert Meiring (Upington Municipality) • Mr Gawie Moon (Council for Geo Science) • Personnel at the Pelladrift and Namakwa Water Boards • Personnel of the Trans Hex Limited mining company at Reuning and Baken • Personnel of the Alexkor Limited mining company (at the mine and on the farms) • Personnel of Global Diamond Resources at Grasdrift • Personnel of the Richtersveld National Park • Mrs Bettie Nieuwouldt, Richtersveld Farmers' Union • Springbok Lodge and Restaurant perspnnel • Northern Cape Nature Conservation Services • Wilna Barkhuizen at the Vioolsdrift Irrigation Board 2. Personnel of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) who contributed beyond their normal duties to make the task possible, including: • Personnel from the Institute for Water Quality Studies (IWQS): DWAF who visited Upington promptly to supply preservatives and sampling equipment to the office and assisted the Upington office in numerous logistical arrangements as well as providing expertise as member of the National Toxic Algal Forum (Mrs Carin van Ginkel), laboratory personnel (Eisabe Truter, Chris Carelson, Doris le Roux) and the technical team {Annelise Gerber) who assisted with data collection, analysis and reporting.
[Show full text]
Transboundary Regimes in the Orange Senqu Basin
TRANSBOUNDARY REGIMES IN THE ORANGE SENQU BASIN Ecologic – Institute for International and European Environmental Policy Pfalzburger Str. 43/44, 10717 Berlin, Germany Phone: +49 30 86880-0, Fax: +49 30 86880-100 CONTRIBUTION TO NEWATER DELIVERABLE 1.3.1 Report of the NeWater project - New Approaches to Adaptive Water Management under Uncertainty www.newater.info Title Review on Transboundary Regimes The Orange-Senqu Basin Purpose Working paper providing background information on transboundary issues in the Orange-Senqu basin with a focus on information management and institutional design Filename del131_OrangeSenqu_final_051213.doc Authors Nicole Kranz, Eduard Interwies, Rodrigo Vidaurre. Ecologic – Institute for International and European Environmental Policy Document history First draft 25 July 2005 Comments from NeWater partners Draft October 2005, finalized after NeWater GA in November 2005 Current version. Final version Changes to previous version. Executive summary added, changes to section on water policy, additions to chapter on donors Date December 2005 Status Final version Target readership NeWater research community, General readership External experts at selected workshops, transboundary research community Correct reference Kranz, N., E. Interwies, R. Vidaurre (2005): Transboundary Regimes in the Orange Senqu Basin, Contribution to Deliverable 1.3.1 of the NeWater Project, Berlin Nicole Kranz, Eduard Interwies, Rodrigo Vidaurre Ecologic – Institute for International and European Environmental Policy December 2005 Prepared under contract from the European Commission Contract no 511179 (GOCE) Integrated Project in PRIORITY 6.3 Global Change and Ecosystems in the 6th EU framework programme Deliverable title: Transboundary Regimes in the Orange-Senqu Basin Deliverable no. : D 1.3.1 Due date of deliverable: Month 10 Start of the project: 01.01.2005 Duration: 4 years Preamble The project has assembled a group of enthusiastic people with different scientific and practical background.
[Show full text]
LOWER ORANGE RIVER FORUM – Maintaining South Africa's Largest
Water resource management Drinie van Rensburg Drinie van LOWER ORANGE RIVER FORUM – Maintaining South Africa’s largest river The Lower Orange River Forum (LORF) is is a source of water for agricultural dams, which are used for electricity a working example of how citizens are and domestic use, while the river generation, flood regulation and itself supports various aquatic organ- agricultural activities. As a result, working together with government and non- isms both within its own catchment the former variable river flow has government organisations to protect South and those of other catchments in the become more regulated. This has Africa’s valuable water resources. Article Eastern Cape through inter-basin facilitated the establishment of transfer schemes. breeding sites for the agricultural submitted by Peter Ramollo of the Northern For the arid Northern Cape the pest black fly, which causes great Cape Department of Environment and Orange River, along with its main economic losses to livestock farming Nature Conservation. tributary, the Vaal River, is an artery and tourism in the Northern Cape. of life. However, urbanisation, indus- The LORF was established in trial and mining developments as well 2003 after an outbreak of toxic riginating in the Kingdom as pollution are placing increasing blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) that of Lesotho, the Orange strain on this important resource. resulted in massive fish kills in the River is the longest river in The Orange River is regulated Orange River. The initial objective of OSouth Africa, and is shared among through several weirs and some of the forum was to engage with water four countries, namely South Africa, the country’s largest dams, includ- users along the river and provide Lesotho, Botswana and Namibia.
[Show full text]