Welcome to the Dramashare Christian Drama Ministry Manual Edition 2

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DramaShare®

Christian Drama Ministry Organizational Manual

Edition 3.0

Assisting in Christian Drama Ministry Worldwide DramaShare® 1319 Haslam Way Saskatoon, SK S7S 1G4 Canada Toll-free 1-877-DO-DRAMA eMail - [email protected] World Wide Web http:// www.dramashare.org

ASSISTING IN CHRISTIAN DRAMA MINISTRY—WORLDWIDE

We have scripts covering a wide range of subject material and application, with complete “How-To” guidelines.

We write scripts specifically for clients, customizing the script to the client’s precise situation and needs.

We conduct DramaShare conferences and workshops throughout the world. In addition, we provide training materials which you may use in your group. This includes all manuals, leader’s guides, overheads, handouts, PowerPoint programs and web- based materials. The Butterfly—a symbol of new life. As a gift to you, with all orders for DramaShare materials, we enclose the DramaShare Butterfly. Until her passing in her 98th year, these butterflies were lovingly hand-made by “The Butterfly Lady”, and the tradition continues. DramaShare®

Introduction 001 Suggested Guidelines 010 Organizational Structure 031 People In Drama 041 Attending To The Basics 060 Developing a Character 069 Theatre Warm-up Games 078 Skilling –Up 086 Forms of Drama Ministry 091 Sources of Drama 110

Assisting in Christian Drama Ministry Worldwide DramaShare Philosophy

We in DramaShare believe that Christian Drama Ministry has a major role to play in spreading the Word of God. We believe that lay people participating in this ministry have an obligation to become trained in the various skills involved in Christian Drama Ministry, both in front of, and behind the footlights. We believe that it is the responsibility of those in leadership in Christian Drama Ministry to actively search out those not active in the various ministries of the church, and to encourage their involvement in Christian Drama Ministry. We believe that all who are committed to serve should be given the opportunity to do so, without question or audition, providing that they are prepared to become trained and to commit the necessary time to the project.

Scope of this manual

As with all DramaShare materials, this manual is not primarily intended for professionals, (although we have many customers who are professionals), it is for amateur lay people or clergy who, (in fear and trembling), are called on to initiate Christian Drama Ministry in their church or group. We have tried to include the information which will be needed to organize and coordinate a successful Christian drama ministry, while at the same time avoiding all of the non-essential jargon and details found in the more technical, or school-based, documentaries. If there are issues or matters not covered in this manual for which you are seeking input, please contact us at your convenience, we are here to assist you in any way possible.

Through surveys which we conduct around opportunity to utilize theatrical skills of one the world, we have determined a very or more individuals in the congregation. frightening statistic about Christian drama Unfortunately, all too often, the reason may ministries. A Christian drama ministry, on be ego-gratification. average, last less than two years. That’s But almost never are the organizational right. On average, a new drama ministry needs and grounding of the new ministry initiated today will be history in less than given the attention they deserve. And that’s two years from now. What causes ministries an accident looking for a place to happen! to go down when they have really just begun? The new drama ministry deserves planning, We assumed that the reason was an procedures, controls and guidelines. unacceptable level of performance which Without these components, the ministry will was being offered. Turns out seldom stand. we were wrong. We found There’s just that the greatest reason for something about the termination of a drama dramatic ministry ministry was . . . internal which runs the risk of dissension within the church allowing ego to take and / or the group. over. Proper Dissension? organizational In a Christian ministry? attention AT THE How can that be? BEGINNING can Fact is, church drama reduce the risk of this programs are initiated for a happening. And, it is multitude of reasons. A need to that end that this to minister, a need to provide manual is dedicated. a creative outlet for church members, an

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 1 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 Welcome to the DramaShare Christian Drama Ministry Manual Edition 3.0!

You will find many upgrades and accepted. And we found - nothing, really! improvements since our earlier editions. There was nothing on the shelf that fit our Many of the suggestions for new areas of needs. So we, (with many mistakes made interest have come from those who are users along the way), set out to create our own of our DramaShare Manual Edition 2.0, as methods and materials. We had some well as materials from our large Internet site, success, and subsequently were asked to http://www.dramashare.org , and from our share our information with churches, Christian drama eMail list conference, colleges, groups and individuals, mainly in Christian-Drama-Forum, (where over 350 Canada. drama leaders meet to discuss matters It was at that time we became convinced that related to dramatic arts ministry. We a new phenomenon, called the Internet, held appreciate all who have contributed to this great opportunity for people in Christian new reference work through their comments ministry. The Internet has proven to be a and input. wonderful vehicle for carrying God’s Word to the most remote areas around the world, Who is DramaShare? quickly and economically. We established a web site, http://www.dramashare.org and We are a family based ministry, presently, placed all of our scripts, manuals and other (as of January, 2000), working in over 3,800 resources on this site. In spite of the fact ministries in 49 countries around the world. that we did no advertising whatsoever, the DramaShare began as a method of getting DramaShare site quickly became the most people into active ministry in our own visited Christian drama site in the world. church, so we can certainly associate with We now have materials and training for a what a lot of churches around the world are wide range of dramatic ministries, including attempting to do today in initiating Christian mime, interpretative movement, puppetry, drama. We believe this is why we have had clowning, illusion, storytelling and more. In some success in assisting in initiating addition we offer materials for those dramatic arts ministry in hundreds of other interested in the supportive areas, such as churches around the world. makeup, lighting and sound, writing, Many years ago, as youth leaders in our directing, costuming and all on and off stage church, we found that many young people functions associated with Christian drama who were “musically challenged” felt at a ministry. loss to find a ministry niche in the church. It Under God’s provision, the DramaShare just seemed to us that surely Christian drama ministry has grown in size and in reputation would fit that need to a “T”. However, we throughout the world. The following are were thoroughly non-theatrical in some comments about this ministry: background, so we went looking for materials and methods which would not DramaShare Member Judy Herring of North require past experience and expertise, where Carolina says: anyone and everyone was welcome and You offer such an all-encompassing site that has been a tremendous resource for me -- and I want Comment from the Anastasis Theater to share it! The CDF, (Christian Drama Forum Web Site: email list), alone a tremendous help. I love knowing that I am not alone out there. I think it "DramaShare. Possibly the most is something that no creative ministry should be complete Christian Drama Resource without! Thanks again for all you do! You are on the Web." truly appreciated -- even by those of us who don't respond a lot!

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 2 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 Some Recommended Christian Drama Ministry Guidelines

One major informational request we have had when working with churches and groups around the world has been for suggestions on how to first establish the Christian drama ministry. There is a real feeling that Christian drama ministry can play a big part in the life of the church, however there is a lot of concern and caution being expressed as well.

The following are some guidelines which we have found useful in our churches and also in the churches with whom we have worked. Our thoughts are offered as suggestions only, not meant to be a foolproof, sure-fire blueprint to success. We would hope that our suggestions will spur further thought within individual church.

During our extensive travels we have heard of many horror stories of how poorly planned introduction of drama has resulted in great conflict, division and hurt within churches. While we may disagree with those who oppose Christian drama ministry in church, the fact is that some opposition to drama does exist. We can fight these feelings and force drama on the church, however, in most cases, both drama ministry and the church as a whole will suffer.

It is our impression that in most, (not all), cases where Christian drama ministry has not been accepted by the church, there has not been proper or adequate preparation by those who are seeking to introduce drama.

Therefore, rule #1: DO YOUR it is a "one person program." HOMEWORK. Have a complete Recruit the various committee written plan for the project. This leaders: prayer and planning, as well plan will include a projection of all as the technical areas of sound, required resources, (financial, lighting, costumes, set construction, human, time, space requirements, art & decoration, advertising & etc.). This must be well thought out promotion, and others. and very detailed. If you are going into a project such as this without a Rule #3: ENSURE THAT SUPPORT plan you will likely not succeed. FROM THE BOARD OF Why a written plan? ELDERS AND PASTORAL Something in writing is much easier STAFF IS OBTAINED PRIOR to "sell" to others. Of even more TO INITIATING THE importance, a written plan is a great PROGRAM. Recently we heard of advantage to those organizing the a Drama Coordinator who went project since it will demand greater ahead with the new drama program, planning and also will form the in spite of being fully aware of basis of future control as you serious opposition to the proposed measure your actual results against program. The project blew up in your projections and budgets. this person's face since it was, (rightly), Rule #2: HAVE A TEAM PUT perceived that TOGETHER IN ADVANCE. he was trying While, in most cases, there will be to force his ideas one person who is the driving force on the church. behind the project, Christian drama Our suggestion is ministry will seldom be successful if that if, through your

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 15 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 best efforts, support is not "skits". We even have problems forthcoming, you are better to with the word, "plays". We realize shelve the project for a time and go that it is only words, but when you back and do your homework and are introducing this type of program your "selling job" until unity of into the church we feel that it sends purpose can be attained. What may a very wrong message to those who appear to be a needless delay may, in advance, be skeptical. actually could turn out to be the There is another very important enhancement of the entire program. reason for our bias and that is the Remember that virtually all people organizing committee must, will come on side if they are themselves, look on this as: a) properly, positively and lovingly Christian and, b) ministry. We all approached. tend to live up to our own level of expectation. If we refer to our Rule #4: INCLUDE AND ENCOURAGE project as "Christian" activity and a THE LEADERS OF THE "Ministry" it will bring out a higher VARIOUS PROGRAMS IN THE level of commitment and dedication. CHURCH TO SUPPORT AND Further it is our bias that, while your PARTICIPATE IN DRAMA drama offerings will have varying MINISTRY. Point out the ways in Christian messages, they must be which drama can enrich other Christian in content. We don't need programs such as Sunday School, to, and shouldn't, have our drama Seniors, Music, Outreach, Youth, message "hit people over the head etc. Try to get the involvement of with a Bible", but we must be ever others in the program right from the cognizant of the reality that since beginning, these people will bring this program is church-based, it strong support and encouragement should be a Christian-based program and will also contribute to making carrying a Christian message. To drama a church wide happening and us, this is a crucial point. We know not a "one person show." In our of church based drama groups own case, the person who most which were organized to stage strongly objected to drama ministry excellent secular drama, this is their at the outset has turned into our privilege. It is our opinion, strongest supporter through working however, that if your intent is to closely with this person. We have stage secular drama, the machinery found that seldom will only one is already in place to make use of person have an objection. Usually the local Little Theatre or some there are others with the same other group. We really don't believe concern but not the same open that we need to run competition with attitude. Be thankful for the person these amateur theatre groups. who openly criticizes your program. (Sorry for those on whose toes we Get to know them, they can tell you have stepped). a lot of what needs to be "fixed". Rule #6: USE COMEDY WITH GREAT Rule #5: ALWAYS ENSURE THAT CARE, PARTICULARLY THE PROJECT IS THOUGHT WHEN DEALING WITH OF AS "CHRISTIAN DRAMA BIBLICAL CHARACTERS. MINISTRY", by your committee Comedy is a great tool in Christian and by the church as a whole. drama ministry however be very Frankly we have a lot of problem aware that some people may feel with drama being referred to as that comedy drama is mocking or

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 16 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 trivializing when used in reference very useful, fresh and unbiased to biblical characters. We owe it to perspective. Most crucial is that our audience to be sensitive to other these must be people with whom people's sensitivities. you feel comfortable and secure, who can make honest comments and Rule #7: SET UP YOUR OWN suggestions without creating hard ADVISORY BOARD. We believe feelings. that one of the greatest dangers for those involved in the front lines of a Rule #8: DEVELOP A POOL OF very creative area such as drama is TALENT FROM ALL AREAS that we come to believe too much in AND AGE GROUPS. our own abilities, there is a tendency Unfortunately, (as earlier to “read our own press clippings”. mentioned), all ministries, whether Our creations, the dramas, become music, teaching or drama, tend to our "children" and none of us like it use the same people repeatedly "when someone says something rather than spread the workload and against our children". It is critical the opportunities throughout the that we have a reliable, responsible church. When you find a good person, (or small group of people), soloist or teacher or actor, the who will review and give prior tendency is to keep going back to guidance and approval to all that we this person rather than developing do or create. new talent. At DramaShare we We have set up an Advisory Board have developed a method which for DramaShare. The Board identifies and develops new talent. members, prior to offering to the We have initiated a Christian public, must review activities and DramaClub which is open to all and un-staged creations of DramaShare. meets weekly. The DramaClub Not only does this result in a wider training agenda covers all areas such pool of good ideas and a better end as voice training, stage movements, product but the most important thing body language, makeup, costuming, for us personally is that in the back production, directing, writing, of our minds we know that there is promotion, set construction, forms someone to whom we are of drama, biblical basis for drama, answerable. We ask that our etc. By working closely with a pool Advisory Board be a "think tank" of available talent over a long period that comes at the project from a we are able to uncover people who spiritual, rather than a literary or have talents which can be artistic base. They are asked to developed. We have been evaluate and judge from the successful in getting the under- following perspectives: utilized people out of the pews and • Theological Content, into ministry. In a church of 300 • Outreach & Missions, people your aim should be to • and Vision & Need. involve approximately 100 of the We also ask that the Advisory Board congregation, in one area or another, be a Prayer Support group for all of our in Christian drama. activities. Choose your Advisory Board very Rule #9: THE CENTRAL REASON carefully. These may be people FOR THE EXISTENCE OF THE with a drama background, or they DRAMA PROJECT IS TO may be those to whom drama is BUILD UP THE totally foreign, (this will provide a PARTICIPANTS AND TO

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 17 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 HONOR GOD. We do not believe which we have to bear in mind is that it is satisfactory to have a drama that this is their church. We have project simply as an artistic activity. no authority to use a heavy - handed We have witnessed over and over, approach in doing "what we know is the tendency for those involved in right for the congregation". Quite creative church activities such as the opposite, we must be constantly drama to let their egos rule over aware of the rights of the their good judgment. We need to congregation. We believe that no constantly remind ourselves, (and new major undertaking such as ask others that they remind us), of Christian drama ministry should be the real reasons for Christian drama initiated without first surveying the ministry. congregation for their input. Not only will such surveys keep the Rule #10: SURVEY AND INFORM congregation informed on church CHURCH CONGREGATION planning, it may well provide a pool ON ON-GOING BASIS. It is your of ideas and participants for the wish to serve the congregation project. through the medium of Christian This surveying should be an on- drama. Realize in advance that going activity, including response these are people with the usual cards provided at all drama combination of beliefs, convictions, performances. On the following notions, persuasions, positions, pages are some examples which can sentiments, views, images, thoughts, be used or adapted. awareness, requirements, needs, perceptions, opinions, (yes, along We trust that some of these suggestions will with some prejudice and bias), as to assist in establishing Christian Drama what they would like to see in their Ministry. church. A Sample Drama Ministry Informational Bulletin: p o(Church or Group Name) DRAMA MINISTRY INFORMATIONAL BULLETIN i February 2000 nThanks to all the church family for the support of the Drama Ministry here at (Church t Name). Your involvement in all areas, especially in prayer, is crucial to the continuing success of this exciting ministry. This month we are planning the following presentations: Feb 12 - Valentines Banquet "A Time for Love" 3 drama presentations, singing, coffee and strawberry short cake ensure a fun time

Feb 2 7 - Evening Service - Communion "A Meeting Between Two Mothers" A meeting of the mothers of Jesus and Judas Note w e need to plan for the Valentines Banquet so please ensure that you have purchased your ticket not later than February 5, cost is only $2.50 per ticket.

"we cannot do God's work without God's power"

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 18 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 The Organizational Structure of Christian Drama Ministry

In our own experience, and in working with church. This begins with conception of churches throughout the world, we have drama ministry plans and is ensured through found that one of the critical factors in providing: assuring the success of the drama program • a spot on the Organization Chart, in a church will be the manner in which it is and organized and structured. This section will • formal Job Descriptions for those in provide suggestions taken from real-life the drama department. examples in churches around the world. It is assumed that all Naturally, like all departments within guidelines, some the church have, and adaptation is utilize, effective, well- necessary, and not planned Job Descriptions all sugge stions will and Organizational Charts. wo rk in a ll churches. The hope is, however, (For complete information on these two key that these guidelines will provide the basic management areas, see our “Creating Job framework from which a workable plan can Descriptions in the Church” Manual. be put together. However we will capsulize some of the So, how should the organizational structure information, as it relates directly to Christian of the up-and-coming drama ministry look? Drama Ministry, in this section). The first consideration of the drama ministry On the following pages we show examples is: to whom will the ministry be answerable? of drama ministry reporting to the Music Where does it “fit” on the organizational ministry, followed by another chart? Organizational Chart where the drama We find that in most churches, drama is ministry has it’s own identity on the chart, placed under some other ministry such as and showing the relationship to the Senior Music or Outreach. And this may be a good Pastor, the Board, the congregation as a place for it in certain churches. The danger whole and to the other ministries in the when this happens is drama tends to become church. Note that in our model we are a secondary function of that ministry, referencing only on the Drama department, som ething which is done not for it's self but all sub-departments within other ministries rather to facilitate another ministry. As an have been left out in order to make the chart example, frequently if drama is placed under more clear. Also in our model the Drama music, most drama becomes musical drama. Coordinator, like all other ministries (Note: there is nothing wrong with musical coordinators, answers directly to the Senior drama, but drama has much more to offer Pastor. (In many cases in larger churches than just music). the Senior Pastor would delegate some or all As well, where drama is placed under the of this control to a senior staff member). mu sic ministry we tend to get only the By reporting directly to the Senior Pastor, or mu sically talented turning out for a senior staff member, drama ministry involvement, seldom will the "musically achieves an equal measure of emphasis with challenged" turn out since the perception other ministries in the church. Note also will be that musical talent and interest is a that the other ministries, such as Youth and requirement. Beyond this, there often tends Music, are on the same organizational level to be little on-going drama skills training as is drama. With all ministry leaders on the since most practice time is spent on choir same level there will be more emphasis on rehearsal, (as should be the case in any cooperation with the various church music based group). If Christian drama departments. This makes dramatic ministry is have major emphasis in a church it needs to have a front row presence in the

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 31 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 Standard Church Organizational Chart

Senior Pastor

Youth Pastor Music Pastor Sunday School

Drama

Revised Church Organizational Chart

Senior Pastor

Volunteer Coordinator

Youth Pastor Music Pastor Sunday School Drama

Advisory Board Stage Manager

DramaClub

Directors Actors / Writers Sound / Lighting Costumes / Set Design involvement in other ministries more easily the church as a whole. For example, it instituted. allows the Drama Department to access the Note that we have an Advisory Board in an Music Director to assist in staging a Drama advisory position to the Drama with some musical numbers, or to call in Coordinator. (In other sections we the expertise of any of the discuss the need for an Advisory other ministry departments Board). We also have a Volunteer to assist in the training Coordinator in a staff position and function in DramaClub. a Stage Manager reporting to the Naturally this works both Drama Coordinator, in an advisory ways, example, the Music position, these very important Coordinator is free to call positions will also be covered on the expertise of the elsewhere. Drama Coordinator to Very important in our opinion is the assist in a Music project. DramaClub position reporting to the Drama Coordinator. We believe that the Job Descriptions DramaClub is the key to the long-term success of the Christian Drama Ministry Before we start in this area, YES, JOB project, providing the training and DESCRIPTIONS ARE WORKABLE development which will ensure a readily AND QUITE NECESSARY FOR available pool of volunteers for the various VOLUNTEER CHURCH WORKERS. In positions in the ministry. fact, in some ways it is even more important You will also notice that there are the solid for a volunteer to have a written job lines of authority linking the various description than for a paid staff member. ministries together through their respective We need to be aware that volunteers are a coordinators. This means that all other scarce commodity and we need to keep them ministries in the church gain from the as happy and productive as is possible. As existence of the Drama Department and are is proven everyday in business, a position able to access the expertise in the Drama without an up-to-date written job description Department. However to do so they must go will result in employees who are unclear as through the Drama Coordinator. (In the to their function, authority and same way that the Drama Coordinator would responsibility. have access to the resources of other A key to a smooth running church is that we departments through their respective ensure that everyone knows what is coordinators). These solid lines of authority expected of him and to whom he is then proceed upwards from the various answerable. No church worker, (staff or ministries to the Senior Pastor to who all volunteer), should have any doubt as to his report. job function, guidelines and limits of Note as well that there are broken lines from authority. each of the other ministries to the pool of Suppose that a certain person believes that Drama Department staff, and also to she has full authority for a certain drama DramaClub. This means that, while there is project. She takes the initiative to order no authority based relationship materials for the project only to find, (after from the other ministries to the the fact), that she was expected to have prior Drama Department resources, (or approval from the Senior Pastor. This span vice versa), there is clear access of authority makes good sense, but it is to resources between essential that all parties be aware of the departments. This is very guidelines in advance, no surprises. important feature and Many church leaders have a great problem allows all departments to with formal, written job descriptions: some make full use of expertise in because they don't use them, (and thereby

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 32 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000

The Reorganization Process

Many church officials tell us that they How can these believe it is much easier to start from areas be better scratch rather than to forge a new organized? direction in an established Drama • Evaluate the Department. Practices become number of entrenched, policies become "cast in "positions" stone", old habits are difficult to change. which these Regardless, changes and minor activities will adjustments are essential, and on an on- require. Note going basis. that a "position" is the amount of The easiest and most acceptable method work that an of change is to make a series of smaller average person can perform in one changes as opposed to one massive change. average day or the average time However this can't be a haphazard process, allocated as a general rule with a there must be an overall plan behind it all. full or part time, paid or volunteer The following are some suggestions as to worker. Don't have duplication, but how change can be brought about in the also avoid over-committing human structure of the church drama volunteers. department. • Total the number of persons within the groups which were determined • Compile a list of all duties in the step above. performed in the department. This • Evaluate the number of supervisory would involve the whole people required, if necessary department: leaders and assistants, additional team leaders will need to paid positions and volunteers. be added. Throughout this process ignore the • From the information obtained set structure and makeup as it presently up a trial organizational chart. exists. Simply list the duties which Again, ignore the present makeup of are, or should be done. Obviously your organizational chart. Also, this will be a long list, don't try to (and this is key), ignore the restrict it. strengths, weakness', wishes, • Group "like" activities. Look at this idiosyncrasies, etc., of present staff as a total department activity, members and leaders. Again, this disregard how the various functions will have to be addressed as a may presently be broken down into separate issue. sections or portfolios. You may • Evaluate the flow through the well find that activities which organizational chart. Should some presently are in two or more positions and / or sections be sections would best be combined eliminated or added. Would staff - under one person. Consider the advisory positions improve the potential of this type of change. efficiency and operation of the Disregard any negative reactions organization? Would a project which this may raise among staff or management structure enhance the membership as a whole, this must smooth operation of the overall certainly be considered, but must be organization by freeing up some done as an entirely separate issue. people from the on-going projects? As a beginning, organize the A project management structure is DramaClub and the Skills areas.

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 38 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 where a group are put together for a Often a person is often recruited into a specific, relatively short term drama position to perform a certain function, project, after which the group is example to look after sound. It can disbanded. In Drama Ministry this sometimes happen that this person feels type of structure works very well limited and secretly wishes for some variety since most of the drama projects are in service. In DramaShare we now for the staging of a specific overcome this problem by multi-skillin g all performance after which the group our staff through our DramaClub program, disbands, to come together again thus widening the scope of their with a somewhat different mix of opportunities for service. Now the personnel and functions. individual can, and will, move on to another • Allocate from your present position within the program. However, on personnel pool the people best the other end of the scale, care must be taken suited for the positions identified. that the worker is not overloaded and • Identify those areas where training thereby frustrated as would likely happen if will be required to upgrade people this person were given responsibility for into their new responsibilities and sound, lighting, costumes, etc., or by being where new recruitment will be expected to look after all activities for a full necessary. Project the time line and year. Through DramaClub we spread the any possible costs involved in work around and give all participants providing this training. Can the opportunity for various activities and also church afford both the time and the for time off from time to time. The fact is finances? Will volunteers be that we find that in the mind of participants prepared to commit to this training? we are under-utilizing them rather than Is there alternate opportunities with burnin g them out. In our opinion this is the less cost or time requirements? lesser of the two evils. (Avoid the tendency for urgency, take the long-term approach). There has to be a happy balance in job • As accurately as possible try to makeu p , and this balance will vary among predict the reaction of staff and positions and among individuals. How do membership as a whole to the we determine the proper balance? This proposed changes. In what areas requires very special skill and sensitivities. will there be a possibility of a It is very critical that the individual worker negative reaction? This should not is very much involved in determining the automatically change your plans, proper balance since only that person can rather it should create a willingness know exactly their own time limitations, to ensure that all possible has been goals and aspirations. Always ensure that done to lovingly and prayerfully there is free and open dialogue with all present the changes in such a way as individ u als. One method to enlist this input to create an opportunity for growth from a l l members of the drama department and advancement in service to God. is through the regular use of a Position Function Questionnaire Form. Every church worker, paid or volunteer, should complete Job Makeup this form annually. It will provide an indication of manpower requirements, Particularly for volunteers, there is a fine changes in function and duties and also an line between a job which is too limiting, indication of the job aspirations of the (and thereby boring), and one which has too individual worker. A sample form is shown many functions of various natures, (and on the following page. thereby will overwhelm the volunteer).

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 39 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 POSITION FUNCTION QUESTIONNAIRE

"Your Church" DramaClub

Through Christian Drama Ministry, enabling our church and it's people to be all God has lead us to be.

(Name of) Church

Position ______

Nam e of Respondent ______

Supervisor ______

Date Reviewed ______Last Review ______

1. Principal Function:

Regular Duties:

List major duties normally performed: Approx time spent

Other Duties: List other duties normally performed, not on regular basis: Approx time spent

4. Any comments as to changes you would like to see in the duties and function of your position would be greatly appreciated and will be reviewed with you.

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 40 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 P E O P DramaShare® L Christian Drama Ministry Manual E Edition 3.0 IN D People in Drama Section R © Copyright 2000 A All Materials are Copyrighted by M DramaShare® 1319 Haslam Way Saskatoon, Sask. Canada S7S 1G4 A toll-free 1-877-DO-DRAMA

[email protected] http://www.dramashare.org

Assisting in Christian Drama Ministry Worldwide The People Side of Drama Ministry

Personnel for Drama Ministry from the very God who is the only reason for the Christian Drama. Those of us in DramaShare have a special Therefore in this section we will identify not common bond which unites us with the just the specific positions which should be many thous ands of churches with whom we considered, but also the responsibilities have contact. We all started out with much and authorities which each should carry. enthusiasm, much trepidation and Note that these are recommended absolutely no experience. guidelines only, individual situations At the outset we had many doubts, may dictate very different guidelines. probably none more worrisome than However, we believe that whatever the concern over where we would the guidelines shall be, they must be recruit the personnel for drama laid down in written form and fully ministry. To our great surprise, understood in advance. acquiring personnel is actually one Naturally in smaller groups there of the easier mountains for the novice may be a combining of functions, one Drama Committee to climb. Perhaps the person may wear several hats. As much greatest concern however is in very as possible, however, try to separate the clearly setting out in advance the duties among as many people as positions required to be filled and the possible since it will not only help avoid very specific responsibilities and burnout, it will increase the idea base authority which goes with each position. Do and thereby the success of the endeavor. not underestimate the importance of very As mentioned, we have found that attracting clearly establishing these guide lines in personnel is one of the easier problems to advance since failure to do so has destroyed deal with. Properly attacked, we believe many potentially very successful drama you will find the same results. ministries. (See the guideline suggestions for developing the organizational structure Recruiting Personnel for Drama Ministry and job descriptions elsewhere in the Organizational Structure section of Recruitment is often mentioned as an area this manual). which causes great problems for drama People attracted to drama may be, by ministry organizers. When we first nature, outgoing. When one creates started we did a lot of arm twisting to get a drama, whether as an actor, a people involved. We were surprised, playwright, a director or a disappointed and frustrated when we stagehand, it is a situation not didn't have lots of people rushing to unlike giving birth to a child. sign up for service as soon as we put This new entity is very important to out the word that a drama ministry was the creator and often that creator will being organized. Those who we did rope be highly possessive and sensitive into service proved largely unreliable and about his or her creation. If the emotionless. We were upset! responsibility, authority and other We then realized that we were trying to guidelines are not carefully addressed impose our will on others. We were very in advance there is opportunity for confident that we, more than the disagreement and tensions developing. In candidates, knew who should and should not secular drama these tensions are unfortunate be involved. How foolish! and to be avoided. In Christian drama these When we opened the opportunities for those tensions must not happen since they not only who had a burden for involvement, things destroy relationships and even churches, but really turned around! All of a sudden we worse, these disagreements take glory away had people interested in the ministry. (Naturally in our heart of hearts we were

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 41 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 ON RECRUITING AN ACTOR

Many of the churches with whom we have those who will allow themselves to worked have asked be used. We believe that for information on one of the greatest reasons recruiting actors for for burnout among Christian Drama volunteers in the church Ministry. These are today is our tendency to some personal use a volunteer until they observations and scream "ENOUGH"! 2) suggestions: we believe that we ought to first try to provide Suggestion #1. We opportunities for those believe that who are presently not in Christian Christian service. We Drama ought to go looking for Ministry new candidates to fill the within a newly created posts which church should Christian Drama Ministry be aimed at provides. We hear many widening the base of "ministers" in churches saying that when recruiting the church. One of the reasons for for drama they choose those who establishing DramaShare was to have musical abilities "since they honor God through the involvement are more artistically inclined". of those in our church who seemed We’re not sure that most drama to have no apparent opportunity for coordinators, including ourselves, ministry. Those who are gifted in even know what "artistically music, and those who are talented in inclined" really means! preaching or in teaching, all have Furthermore, our experience is that greater access to ministry, and their those with no service background gifts tend to be used. Those whose will, after some DramaClub talents are less obvious may be training, be every bit as effective in overlooked. Here, we believe is a Christian drama ministry as the natural opportunity for drama. "artistically inclined". Further we Note that in going to a different find that in many cases segment of the congregation we are inexperienced volunteers can be not accepting a lesser level of more moldable and much more commitment, expertise or spiritual excited about their new opportunity. awareness. Those to whom we look as candidates for drama are simply Suggestion #2. We suggest that there should gifted and empowered in a non- be a forum for exploration and traditional area. identification of one's skills within Does this mean that singers or the church. As previously instrumentalists or preachers are not mentioned, we have established a welcome in drama? Not at all. All monthly DramaClub in our church. members of the congregation are The entire congregation is welcome welcome. Our concern with using to attend and participate in these those whose talents are already classes. In DramaClub we examine being used in other areas are all of the various functions in twofold: 1) there is too much of a drama: acting, directing, stage tendency in the church to over-use management, costumes, lighting,

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 45 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 Some of the many other sources for Phone - (704) 333-4653 costumes include: Fax - (704) 348-3032

Garments of Praise Production Values, Inc Joy Reaser Mertz http://www.mindspring.com/~pvinc/ RD 2, Box 537-H, Fryling Road Northumberland, PA 17857 Pierre's Costumes 570-473-3851 7882 Browning Road, Pennsauken, NJ [email protected] 08109 (Joy has a huge inventory of assorted 609-486-1188 Phone costumes at excellent prices) 609-486-4402 Fax http://www.costumers.com AlterYears 3749 East Colorado Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107 When purchasing or producing costumes Store and Phone: 818-585-2994 note that in bible times Tues-Fri 10am-5:30PM PST, Thurs there were a wide range 10-7:30, of colors used. However Sat 11-5:30 for live person use care in having bright FAX: 818-432-4530 colors as the entire Gary Anderson costume, better to use the [email protected] bright colors as the accessories and accents. Joyful Costumes We prefer to use a single color for a http://www.joyfulcostumes.com/ costume, in some cases two or more shades of the same color are attractive. As a rule Milieux: The Costume Site: we use lighter colors on the top of the http://milieux.com/costume/ costume with the darker colors on the bottom. Bright colors should not be used on The Costume Page: larger people. On stage one wants to ensure http://members.aol.com:80/nebula5/costume that the face of actors stand out, therefore .html avoid neutral colors around the face. Pin scarves or clothing back from the face so as Costume Patterns - not to mask the face. Sewing - Net Links Costumes should enhance and not dominate the performer. Use care in design.

Props

Props are equally important to a performance. Standard flats, (wooden frames with canvas stretched across them), can be used in a wide range of applications. Simple props can be easily constructed from scrap materials for minimal cost. When properly designed, props can be easily stored for future productions. There are http://sewing.miningco.com/msubcostume.htm many excellent books on set and prop design available at the library. A good carpenter is Morris Costumes, 4300 Monroe Road worth his weight in gold, try to get one or Charlotte, NC 2 8205 more for your group.

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 53 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 The flat is now ready to be sized. Sizing Set construction: The art of turning big helps shrink and tighten the fabric, leaving it pieces of wood into with a good small pieces of wood ... painting surface. Sizing Something every drama can be group needs is a purchased from collection of basic most paint or scenery flats which can hardware be reused many times stores, or the over. The size is more basically up to you, adventuresome what is easily stored, can make their handled, etc. Standard own by mixing flat sizes are 72' wide, glue, water, only because this is the some whiting, standard width of and a little light theatrical canvas and muslin. However, it is color pigment. also possible to use old curtain material Flats can then be painted as required, as purchased from the Next-To-New shops. many times as necessary. Although an 8'to 10'tall flat is advantageous, You might want to add some door flats to higher flats may not store well in your your collection. The door flat has a door church. We use an 8' x 6' flat, seems to opening framed into the flat, to be used as a work best for us. doorway when required. You can also build Construct the flat frame from 1' x 3' lumber, a "plug" which fits into the bottom half of free from knots and not warped. Install 1’ x the doorway, converting the door flat into a 2’ triangular corner braces cut from ¼” window. plywood, at the top and bottom of the flat A cheap, easy alternative to fabric is the use for necessary strength. of black construction paper, used in home building. You can simply tack this onto the If money is no object, cover the flat frame frame. The drawback is that the paper tears with canvas or muslin, if you are like most easily so it does not last long. organizations where budgets do not exist, Another advantage of having sturdy scenery (as mentioned above), go to the Next to New flats is that you may use the flat to hang shop and buy some old curtains or sheers. pictures, murals or other backdrops. Fabric should be two to three inches longer To stand flats in place, use two large shelf and wider than the flat. Temporarily braces per flat, screwed to the tack the fabric in place at each floor. NOTE – obviously if corner. Tack or staple the canvas your stage area happens to to one side, keeping fabric be the new hardwood smooth, but not stretched, as it floor in the sanctuary, this will tighten when sizing is applied may not be advisable. But later. where the staging area is Tack the fabric to the outside normal carpeted area, this is frame working from the center the best and safest route. outwards. Now apply a thick coat Where flooring does not permit made of a mixture of glue, whiting, and the use of screws, construct a paste to the back side of the frame. Ensure triangular brace plate secured to the frame, that all corners and flaps are firmly in place. weighted down with sandbags. Keep the When glue is dry, put another row around brace sufficiently large to provide the the frame. Next, trim off the excess fabric. necessary support, yet small enough so as

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 54 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 All actors tape on While set is still dark, the voices are heard. offstage Jesus: Simon, Simon, Satan has asked to sift you as wheat. But I have DS right prayed for you, Simon, that your faith may not fail. And when you for Ready for have turned back, strengthen your brothers. courtyard break & campfire Peter: Lord, I am ready to go with you to prison and to death. scenes

Jesus: I tell you, Peter, before the rooster crows today, you will deny break Peter three times that you know me. offstage Silence for 30 seconds, then Peter speaks in the darkness. DS at edge of audience tape on Peter: After Jesus was arrested all the other disciples were frightened, and they fled. Well, I did too, but I followed at a distance. They took Ready for Courtyard mikes & lites Jesus to the home of the High Priest, Annas. It was no secret that up, campfire on Annas and his son-in-law, Caiaphas, had long been plotting to put the actors in courtyard Master to trial. Caiaphas had, in fact, told all the Jewish people that it ready would be good if one man died for the people.

Lites, mike, fire (Lights slowly come up on the courtyard scene and the "fire" is turned on in courtyard on, Jesus is led into the courtyard by Caiaphas and a mob of townspeople, soldiers, on-lookers)

Caiaphas: Summon for us the High Priest, Annas. We have arrested Ready for lites the treasonous Nazarene and require the services of the High Priest that Courtyard down 50% action mikes off in he be judged at once. courtyard, up in campfire area Servant: The High Priest has gone to bed and has asked not to be Campfire disturbed. actors ready Caiaphas: You will do as I say and immediately!

Lites down 50% Courtyard Servant: Very well, as you say. After all he is your father-in-law. freeze, in courtyard, up Servant goes inside, all actors freeze, except for the two servant girls, in campfire area Ruth and Martha, and the two soldiers, Maximus and Phillip, who campfire Ready Peter’s action, mike move to a position in a semi-circle behind the fire.

Peter’s mike on Peter's voice : I carefully moved closer to the courtyard of the High Peter ready Priest. I had to determine that it was safe to enter. (With a blustery to move on voice). No! I was not afraid! I, I, knew that, that I must choose the stage proper moment to, to rescue the Master. (Now in a more subdued voice). Many people had gathered near the home of the High Priest. As well there were two servant girls and two soldiers who had gathered around the fire which had been lit to protect from the cool night breeze. The four were talking quietly together, I tried but was unable to hear what they were saying.

Ruth: Maximus! Phillip! Surely there must be something that you can do. There will be no justice for the Master.

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Assisting in Christian Drama Ministry Worldwide Developing a Character

In this section we look at the complex area of character creation, from the perspective of the amateur actor and amateur director. The following material is quite extensive, and, but don’t be intimidated! Choose that portion which addresses your needs, run with that. In subsequent attempts you will find yourself going back for more. For this subject we have received the input of many DramaShare members and contacts.

Betty Hamm says: “For character analysis, I pull from a couple of different locations. That means it is never the same. I try to make it apply to the present production and the level of analysis I can expect from the cast. We went over a few of them just last night and I appreciated their insight. It moves the play from "just being" a comedy or musical or drama, etc. I have printed it below along with the note I mailed with it. Enclosed is a character evaluation that will help you get a handle on the script and your character. Please spend some time addressing the questions in the evaluation. We will go over this on Tuesday. This is not a test, so don't get hung up on any question. If you don't know, move on. Also enclosed is an order of songs, and a break down of scenes. I hope this will be helpful. I am very excited about this production and the cast we have assembled. I know you will all bring an excellent level of commitment, creativity, fun and talent to this play. I am available to help you through this process. Don't worry, every actor worries about their ability. Actors are notoriously an insecure lot. This will be a wonderful production. Thank you for your participation.

Questions for Characterization

1. What is the basic or central idea set forth in the play? 2. How does your character contribute to the central idea of the play? 3. Is your character honestly drawn, or has he/she been distorted in order to affect the overall intent of the play? 4. Indicate several illustrations of action/dialogue of your character that help reveal the thematic idea of the play. 5. How do the factors of age, social status, dress, education, occupation, health, physical environment, climate, and familiarity with surroundings Suggest the type of movement to be used in the portrayal? Will any of these factors necessarily change your normal speaking voice? 6. Does the playwright indicate any necessary movement or business that must be incorporated into the character? If so, what does it suggest about playing the role? 7. Are there any critical pieces of furniture or props that will affect movement and business? Can they be used to sharpen your character? 8. What is the main motivation (goal) of your character in the play? 9. What significant comments does the character make about him/her self that reveal aspects of the characterization? 10. What significant comments are made about your character by other characters in the play? 11. What obstacles exist that prevent your character from achieving his or her goals? 12. How does your character deal with the obstacles? 13. In what ways are you and your character similar? Different? 14. What selections of clothing describe your character?

Although some of this may be somewhat duplicative, we believe it is useful to receive the perspective of many drama leaders.

CHARACTER ANALYSIS #1

When performing, you should have a believable character. You should act and think like this person would. Here are some questions to get you started on developing your character. You will find some of the answers in your script, others you will have to make up based on what you know. To get you thinking like your character when a question says "you" it means your character.

1. What is your full name? 2. Describe your physical characteristics. Include your age, sex, weight, height, hair style and color, typical gestures or movements, typical manner of dress, and voice. 3. Describe where you live. Describe the town and your home. 4. Describe your family. 5. Describe your personality. 6. Describe your education, job, and hobbies. 7. What do you want out of life in general? What are your goals? 8. What specifically, do you want in this scene?

CHARACTER ANALYSIS #2

Internal Aspects: Discovered through the script or through imagination.

A. Background: (family history, standard of living, spouse, number of children/siblings, relatives, home situation - how do you live? What does it look like?) B. Mental Status: What is it? Why is it the way it is? Is this normal or abnormal for you? Does it change during the course of the play? What factors make a difference? C. Spiritual Life: What things does your character hold sacred? Why? Does this change? D. Emotional Life: What adjectives describe your character's emotions? What events in the play make them change? Is your character open about his emotions? If not, why not? What brings your character joy? Fear? Anger? Humor? E. How is your character LIKE you? F. How is your character UNLIKE you? G. Education: (What and where?) H. Job: (What and where?) I. Basic Motivation Desire" (What does this character MOST want?) J. Adjectives you would use to describe your character:

External Aspects: A. Posture: B: Movement and Gesture: (describe, create, invent) C. Mannerisms: D. Voice: E. Dress: F: Hair and/or make-up:

"we cannot do God's work without God's power"

DramaShare Organizational Manual Vol 3.0© Page 70 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 F O R M S DramaShare® Christian Drama Ministry Manual O Edition 3.0 F Forms of Drama Ministry Section © Copyright 2000 D All Materials are Copyrighted by R DramaShare® 1319 Haslam Way A Saskatoon, Sask. Canada S7S 1G4 toll-free 1-877-DO-DRAMA [email protected] M http://www.dramashare.org A

Assisting in Christian Drama Ministry Worldwide Various Forms of Drama Ministry content, the delivery will of necessity be different from regular church drama. The types and forms of Christian drama are as We recommend that there be a range of drama many and as diverse as the imagination will offered in an Outreach program. Early in the allow. We have broken this down into just a few program a light comedy could be staged which categories: would perhaps poke good natured fun at church goers, (example, the DramaShare script, "The Old Outreach Drama Maids"). This shows to those who normally don't One of the greatest attend church that we enjoy good opportunities for Christian clean fun and that we can laugh at drama ministry is reaching ourselves. Later in the program there the un-churched and should be more "meaty" unsaved. Similar to music, performances. We recommend that Christian drama can be the final presentation very clearly more palatable to those present the truth of the message of who will not normally be salvation and that an opportunity be attracted to "things given for those who feel the call to spiritual". This is, at one give their life to the Lord. time, both an awesome A handout should be prepared and opportunity and also a distributed, giving the audience an frightening responsibility . opportunity for feedback. A small Great care must be taken to wallet-sized business card with present an Outreach names and phone numbers of offering which will be at pastoral and support staff is a good all times worth y of God's take home item for future reference. blessing and true to good Christian standards and guidelines. At the same time the message must be Children's Church Ministries Drama non-threatening to the target audience. We have to make the message such that it will be received Rather than a story about a bible character, why by the un-churched yet acceptable in God's sight. not a story from a bible character? This is a problem with which we will always Imagine the excitement when Noah, in full wrestle and there are no easy answers. At biblical dress, comes to talk to the Children's DramaShare we believe that if we are to err, it church about the ark and the flood and the must always be "on the side of God". We are not rainbow. Or Jonah telling of his experience. in drama for entertainment value, if this is our Help make bible characters come alive to the motivation we would be well advised to pursue young children in your congregation. The bible regular (secular) drama. We must be in Christian character comes into the sanctuary during the drama, (first, last and always), for the glory of service and invites the young children to come God. Therefore while we want to serve up an with him for Children's Church. He, (or she), offering which will be acceptable to man, it is then tells of the part which they played in the much more essential that our offering is Bible and of the way in which God used them. acceptable to God. Ensure that you invite the For added impact the Children's Church Drama congregation as a whole, ask that the church can be planned to follow the same curriculum as members be the "welcoming committee" for those the regular church service. That is, if the church attending church for the first time. There will be service is to be on a certain biblical character, a fine balance in your programming between what (example Noah), the Children's Church Drama will motivate and encourage those attending for would be on that same character. In this way the the first time versus the regular church members. young children feel that they are part of the Explain to church members in advance that, while mainstream of the church as a whole. the message will be unquestionabl y Christian in Children's Drama Ministry is, essentially, a monologue along with questions for the children

DramaShare Organizational Manual© Version 3.0 Page 91 ©Copyright DramaShare® 2000 Dinner / Dessert Theater quickly thaw as much as required when we find out the size of audience. (Obviously we have This type of theatre is a good idea of numbers prior to the widely used and very performance, however there is versatile. Essentially, there absolutely no last minute pan ic if more, are two very separate uses or less, than the anticipated numbers for Dinner / Dessert show up). theatre: • as a fundraiser, The difference with Dessert Theatre where the is that, while we aim for first class primary Christian dramatic ministry efforts, motive is we make no attempt to spend a lot of financial time and energy on providing a lavish and meal. Personally we prefer to channel all normally of our efforts into the drama itself and to large eliminate the time and frustrations of serving sums of money are raised. The message a meal. We are able to spend more time and is usually less Christian in nature, hoping energy on promoting the Dessert Theatre and to attract a wider based audience. looking after the fine details. There is virtually no • as an Outreach, where the intent is to cost to putting on the presentation, (complete with reach out with a Christian message. snack), therefore there is no need for fund raising Normally this would financially be a or , (very important in our minds), no need for breakeven venture at best. The message charging admission, although donations are will be varied but definitely Christian. accepted.

In the past we have attempted Dinner We need only a small group to look Theatres with some success but with after the food preparation and great outlay of time, finances and serving. Note that it is frustration. Firstly, whether advantageous to have a catered or pot luck, there has fairly large freezer and a to be a large number of people microwave oven so that involved to coordinate the food can be quickly food p r eparation and serving. prepared (or stored for For a properly run Dinner the next presentation). Theatre it is critical that the exact numbers of guests be Many groups find that known well in advance in Dinner Theatres work order that plans can be made. well for them and we (We always found that we didn't suggest that everyone give get final commitments until the this consideration. But for last minute, and at the last minute we those not prepared for this had frantic calls for more tickets). All of this commitment, consider Dessert Theatre. simply becomes a frustration which we felt we could easily do without. (Other churches have Many churches use a “Whodunnit” kind of had excellent success, however). Mystery Theatre script for Dinner Theatre. We have a feature script, “The Gift”, which is widely So, what do we do? used for Dinner theatre applications. This drama tells the true story of a family coping with a We provide coffee, juice and a dessert. The grandparent with Alzheimer Disease. Contact desserts which we choose must be able to be DramaShare for details. frozen. This allows us to buy extra dessert and to

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