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República Islámica De Irán
OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Irán República Islámica de Irán La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios no oficiales. La presente ficha país no defiende posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. FEBRERO 2018 Constitución. Además, en torno a un 25 % de la población tiene una variedad Irán del turco como lengua materna y se hablan otros idiomas minoritarios, como el kurdo. Moneda: Rial iraní (cambio a 4 de febrero de 2018: 1€ = 46.086 riales) Religión: El Islam está consagrado en la Constitución hoy vigente como religión oficial. La mayoría musulmana iraní (un 96% de la población total) es chiíta (en Mar Caspio torno al 89% de los musulmanes). Hay una minoría musulmana que pertenece TURQUÍA Tabriz a la creencia autóctona conocida como bahaísmo. Existe una importante mino- TURKMENISTÁN ría cristiana de origen armenio, junto a asirio-caldeos; también hay un pequeño Mashhad grupo de judíos y de seguidores del Zoroastrismo. Teherán Forma de Estado: El artículo 1 de la Constitución de 1979 define a Irán como una República Islámica. El sistema se basa en la distinción entre un Ejecutivo encabezado por el Presidente de la República y compuesto por los distintos mi- Isfahán AFGANISTÁN nisterios, que gestiona la administración del país, y un Legislativo o Majlis, que de manera efectiva aprueba las leyes y vota a los candidatos a ministro propues- IRAK Ahvaz tos por el Presidente. -
Iran Under Khatami
IRAN UNDER KHATAMI A Political, Economic, and Military Assessment Patrick Clawson Michael Eisenstadt Eliyahu Kanovsky David Menashri A Washington Institute Monograph THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, re- cording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 1998 by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 1998 in the United States of America by the Washing- ton Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Iran under Khatami: a political, economic, and military assess- ment / Patrick L. Clawson ... [et al.]. p. cm. ISBN 0-944029-27-2 (pbk.) 1. Iran—Politics and government—1997- 2. Khatami, Muhammad. 3. Iran—Economic conditions—1997- 4. Iran—Foreign relations—1997- 5. Iran—Military policy. I. Clawson, Patrick, 1951- . DS318.9.I73 1998 955.05'43—dc21 98-39718 CIP Cover design by Monica Neal Hertzman. Cover image AFP Photo/ Jamshid Bairami/Corbis. CONTENTS Contributors v Preface vii 1 The Khatami Paradox Patrick Clawson 1 2 Whither Iranian Politics? The Khatami Factor David Menashri 13 3 Iran's Sick Economy Prospects for Change under Khatami Eliyahu Kanovsky 53 4 The Military Dimension Michael Eisenstadt 71 5 Opportunities and Challenges for U.S. Policy Patrick Clawson and Michael Eisenstadt 99 CONTRIBUTORS Patrick Clawson is director for research at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy and senior editor of the Middle East Quarterly. -
Information As of 6 July 2016 Has Been Used in Preparation of This Directory
Information as of 6 July 2016 has been used in preparation of this directory. PREFACE The Central Intelligence Agency publishes and updates the online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments weekly. The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country's name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. Key To Abbreviations Adm. Admiral Admin. Administrative, Administration Asst. Assistant Brig. Brigadier Capt. Captain Cdr. Commander Cdte. Comandante Chmn. Chairman, Chairwoman Col. Colonel Ctte. Committee Del. Delegate Dep. Deputy Dept. Department Dir. Director Div. Division Dr. Doctor Eng. Engineer Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Fed. Federal Gen. General Govt. Government Intl. International Lt. Lieutenant Maj. Major Mar. Marshal Mbr. Member Min. Minister, Ministry NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Org. Organization Pres. President Prof. Professor RAdm. Rear Admiral Ret. Retired Sec. Secretary VAdm. -
April 2018.Indd
1 IRAN CASE FILE ٢٠١٨ April CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................ 4 Internal Affair .................................................................................. 6 Political File ...................................................................................... First: The motion to question President Hasan Rouhani: between failure and success ............................................................ 6 Second: Fundamentalists employ surveillance and espionage techniques to spy on reformists ....................................................... 8 The defense and security file .......................................................... 11 First: Iran and combat drones ......................................................... 11 Second: Arab Ahwaz region: Arab protests and popular resentment against racial discrimination policies ............................................ 14 The economic file .......................................................................... 16 First: explanations of the continuous decline of the Iranian currency between urgent crises and historical roots ......................................16 Second: Macroeconomic indicators ...............................................19 RASANAH The Social file ............................................................................... 22 +966112166696 First: Indicators related to addiction and drugs in Iran ....................22 [email protected] Second: overpopulation and its impact on unemployment -
Roster of Winners in Single-Seat Constituencies No
Tuesday, October 24, 2017 | The Japan Times | 3 lower house ele ion ⑳ NAGANO ㉘ OSAKA 38KOCHI No. 1 Takashi Shinohara (I) No. 1 Hiroyuki Onishi (L) No. 1 Gen Nakatani (L) Roster of winners in single-seat constituencies No. 2 Mitsu Shimojo (KI) No. 2 Akira Sato (L) No. 2 Hajime Hirota (I) No. 3 Yosei Ide (KI) No. 3 Shigeki Sato (K) No. 4 Shigeyuki Goto (L) No. 4 Yasuhide Nakayama (L) 39EHIME No. 4 Masaaki Taira (L) ⑮ NIIGATA No. 5 Ichiro Miyashita (L) No. 5 Toru Kunishige (K) No. 1 Yasuhisa Shiozaki (L) ( L ) Liberal Democratic Party; ( KI ) Kibo no To; ( K ) Komeito; No. 5 Kenji Wakamiya (L) No. 6 Shinichi Isa (K) No. 1 Chinami Nishimura (CD) No. 2 Seiichiro Murakami (L) ( JC ) Japanese Communist Party; ( CD ) Constitutional Democratic Party; No. 6 Takayuki Ochiai (CD) No. 7 Naomi Tokashiki (L) No. 2 Eiichiro Washio (I) ㉑ GIFU No. 3 Yoichi Shiraishi (KI) ( NI ) Nippon Ishin no Kai; ( SD ) Social Democratic Party; ( I ) Independent No. 7 Akira Nagatsuma (CD) No. 8 Takashi Otsuka (L) No. 3 Takahiro Kuroiwa (I) No. 1 Seiko Noda (L) No. 4 Koichi Yamamoto (L) No. 8 Nobuteru Ishihara (L) No. 9 Kenji Harada (L) No. 4 Makiko Kikuta (I) No. 2 Yasufumi Tanahashi (L) No. 9 Isshu Sugawara (L) No. 10 Kiyomi Tsujimoto (CD) No. 4 Hiroshi Kajiyama (L) No. 3 Yoji Muto (L) 40FUKUOKA ① HOKKAIDO No. 10 Hayato Suzuki (L) No. 11 Hirofumi Hirano (I) No. 5 Akimasa Ishikawa (L) No. 4 Shunpei Kaneko (L) No. 1 Daiki Michishita (CD) No. 11 Hakubun Shimomura (L) No. -
Blood-Soaked Secrets Why Iran's 1988 Prison
BLOOD-SOAKED SECRETS WHY IRAN’S 1988 PRISON MASSACRES ARE ONGOING CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2017 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: Collage of some of the victims of the mass prisoner killings of 1988 in Iran. (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. © Amnesty International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2017 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: MDE 13/9421/2018 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS GLOSSARY 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 METHODOLOGY 18 2.1 FRAMEWORK AND SCOPE 18 2.2 RESEARCH METHODS 18 2.2.1 TESTIMONIES 20 2.2.2 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 22 2.2.3 AUDIOVISUAL EVIDENCE 23 2.2.4 COMMUNICATION WITH IRANIAN AUTHORITIES 24 2.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 25 BACKGROUND 26 3.1 PRE-REVOLUTION REPRESSION 26 3.2 POST-REVOLUTION REPRESSION 27 3.3 IRAN-IRAQ WAR 33 3.4 POLITICAL OPPOSITION GROUPS 33 3.4.1 PEOPLE’S MOJAHEDIN ORGANIZATION OF IRAN 33 3.4.2 FADAIYAN 34 3.4.3 TUDEH PARTY 35 3.4.4 KURDISH DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF IRAN 35 3.4.5 KOMALA 35 3.4.6 OTHER GROUPS 36 4. -
April-June 2015
Our People Alumni Edition R.G. Manabat & Co. Issue 02 Volume 01 April - June 2015 What’s Inside In Our Firm RGM&Co. supports the Asia CEO Awards Partnership with Arangkada continues Henry Antonio speaks at Asia Finance Summit Our Victories Our new Tax lawyers! Alumni Spotlight KPMG Alumni Paolo Cortez KPMG Alumni Anna Magno-Pabellon Alumni Updates First Alumni Career Mentorship Talk Alumni Program Registration In Our Firm RGM&Co. supports the Asia CEO Awards RGM&Co. supported the 2015 Asia CEO Awards through the announcement of the KPMG Executive Leadership Team of the Year award during its media launch held on 14 April 2015 at the Marriott Hotel Manila. Held each year since 2010, the Asia CEO Awards recognizes the management teams and individuals who have made significant contributions to help build the nation into one of the fastest-growing countries in the world. It promotes leadership excellence and team-building within organizations and highlights Filipino business accomplishments to the world’s business leaders. RGM&Co. partners with the Asia CEO Awards every year to award the KPMG Executive Leadership Team of the Year given to the organization that best exemplifies exceptional leadership through its executive management team. With the theme Excellence in Solidarity, it is unprecedented in scope as it will now officially accept nominations across the ASEAN region starting 1 May 2015 until 28 September 2015. “It is our hope that the KPMG Executive Leadership Team of the Year award will continue to play a part in encouraging the success of a company through teamwork and effective collaboration. -
Read S. Frederick Starr's Chapter, "Continuity and Change In
Change and Continuity in Uzbekistan, 1991-2016 S. Frederick Starr zbekistan has entered a dynamic new phase of development. The Uobvious motivating factor is the transition in presidential leadership, following the death of Founding President Islam Karimov on September 2, 2016, and the election of Shavkat Mirziyoyev on December 4, 2016. It is easy, perhaps all too easy, to attribute the change simply to the differences between these two leaders. Some international observers who were critical of what preceded the present changes see today’s developments as a sharp break with the past, a radical transformation along fundamentally different lines than what preceded them, a welcome opening to a more market-based and participatory system. Others, who also have little good to say about what came earlier, are quick to conclude that less has changed than meets the eye, and that the many recent reforms are mainly for show. But beyond these are a third and more credible group, who applaud the new directions and wish them all success, but perceive them not as a revolutionary break with the past but as the logical next steps after what came before, and the culmination of Uzbekistan’s post-independence development. It cannot be denied that the differences between Uzbekistan’s two post-independence leaders are striking. Mr. Karimov, who was 53 when he was named Uzbekistan’s first president, had spent two decades working for the State Planning Committee of the USSR, known as “Gosplan,” the powerful agency that was responsible for developing detailed plans for every sector of the state-controlled economy. -
Energy Policy and Development Program RESEARCH and Financial Plan
UPecon Foundation The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is the lead U.S. Government agency that works to end extreme global poverty and enable resilient, democratic societies to realize their potential. In the Philippines, USAID partners with the national government to create a more stable, prosperous, and well-governed nation. For more information, visit: www.usaid.gov/philippines Photo from www.shell.com.ph UPecon Foundation Energy is crucial to economic growth and development. The UPecon Foundation, Inc., established in 1981, is a private, non-stock, non-profit organization whose mission is to support the It provides power, heat, and transportation to people and research, teaching, training, and community industries---all critical to a well-functioning modern society. services of the University of the Philippines School of Economics. The members and officers However, energy supply interruptions, impacts of climate of UPecon are members of the change, and price shocks all disrupt the economy. school faculty. To respond to these challenges and opportunities, academic and policy programs in universities and economic centers need to develop and promote knowledge, research, and best practices in energy EPDP development. EPDP Contact Details: Now, it is both urgent and important to bring to fore the Suite B2-003, Centennial Building, Energy discussion on energy! Concordia Albarracin Hall E. Jacinto St. corner C.P. Garcia Avenue, Policy and University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Development Email Address: [email protected] *Cover photo from philippineslifestyle.com. Website: www.upecon.org.ph/EPDP Program Energy Policy and @UPecon_EPDP Development Program Energy Policy and energy_policy_and_development Development Program PROGRAM STEERING ABOUT EPDP FOUR COMPONENTS COMMITTEE The Program Steering Committee sets the overall agenda and direction of the Program and approves its annual work The Energy Policy and Development Program RESEARCH and financial plan. -
World Leaders January 2017
Information as of 3 January 2017 has been used in preparation of this directory. PREFACE The Central Intelligence Agency publishes and updates the online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments weekly. The directory is intended to be used primarily as a reference aid and includes as many governments of the world as is considered practical, some of them not officially recognized by the United States. Regimes with which the United States has no diplomatic exchanges are indicated by the initials NDE. Governments are listed in alphabetical order according to the most commonly used version of each country's name. The spelling of the personal names in this directory follows transliteration systems generally agreed upon by US Government agencies, except in the cases in which officials have stated a preference for alternate spellings of their names. NOTE: Although the head of the central bank is listed for each country, in most cases he or she is not a Cabinet member. Ambassadors to the United States and Permanent Representatives to the UN, New York, have also been included. Key To Abbreviations Adm. Admiral Admin. Administrative, Administration Asst. Assistant Brig. Brigadier Capt. Captain Cdr. Commander Cdte. Comandante Chmn. Chairman, Chairwoman Col. Colonel Ctte. Committee Del. Delegate Dep. Deputy Dept. Department Dir. Director Div. Division Dr. Doctor Eng. Engineer Fd. Mar. Field Marshal Fed. Federal Gen. General Govt. Government Intl. International Lt. Lieutenant Maj. Major Mar. Marshal Mbr. Member Min. Minister, Ministry NDE No Diplomatic Exchange Org. Organization Pres. President Prof. Professor RAdm. Rear Admiral Ret. Retired Sec. Secretary VAdm. -
Philippines, Inc
Volume xliv 4th quarter 2015 THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED electrical engineers of the philippines, inc. OUR BEST AT A CELEBration OF EXCELLENCE WITH YOU! Features VOLUME XLIV CONTENTS 4th Q 2015 Cover Story 18 TOP OF THEIR GAME Departments "These days, most of people desire to excel; be at the top of their game. The journey continues even after Feedback you graduate college. You aim to be outstanding; to 6 ONLY EE TO PRACTICE EE be someone remarkable. You don’t stop at simply In Primo Beltan’s last of four parts, he fleshes out the being an engineer," writes Ynna Marie Cruz on the violations in the practice of EE, creating confusion five professionals added to the rooster of IIEE’s and demoralization in the ranks of PEEs, REEs, and Outstanding PEEs, REEs and RMEs. RMEs, and what we can do to strengthen and raise the bar of our professional towards greater excellence. IIEE@40 28 MONTEJO, FERRER GRACES THE Ask the EExperts 40TH ANC 8 It’s the small world after all, says the children song. “All of you play a vital role in enhancing the quality But not for EE. Together with the Institute’s Technical life of your loved ones, to the communities and so our Information Committee, this new feature showcases countrymen to the work that you do,” says Science industry practices inquired by our fellow professionals. and Technology Secretary Mario Montejo, in one of the highlights of the 40th annual gathering of PEEs, From the National President REEs, and RMEs. -
Japan Revival Vision
Japan Revival Vision Provisional Translation May 23, 2014 Liberal Democratic Party of Japan Japan Economic Revival Headquarters 1 2 Note: This is only a provisional translation. With regard to any parts that seem unclear, please refer to the original Japanese version. Introduction In December of 2012, the Liberal Democratic Party returned to power with Prime Minister Abe in the lead, based on the slogan “Take Back Japan”. After the bubble burst, Japan had experienced a “Lost Two Decades” of long-term economic slump and deflation. Furthermore, stagnation escalated following the “Lehman Shock”, partly due to the deficient economic policies of the new government established after the LDP lost power. However, after the launch of the second Abe Cabinet, as a result of releasing what is known as the “Three Arrows,” domestic and international perceptions of Japan’s economic prospects significantly improved. This was reflected in the rapid rise of stock prices last year. The first arrow was aggressive monetary easing; the second arrow, flexible fiscal policy; and the third arrow, released in June of last year, was the Japan Revitalization Strategy, “Japan is Back”. According to the Tankan (the Bank of Japan’s quarterly economic survey) published in December of last year, for the first time in 21 years and 10 months, the Business Sentiment Diffusion Index turned positive for small and medium-sized enterprises in the non-manufacturing sector, which had been suffering from a long-term slump. Moreover, real GDP for the first quarter of this year grew as much as 5.9% on an annual basis, although this was buoyed in part by rush-demand before the increase of the consumption tax rate.