The Suspects
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Violence Against Women on the Column of Marcus Aurelius
Violence Against Women on the Column of Marcus Aurelius The Column of Marcus Aurelius is an imperial Roman monument of uncertain date, like- ly either 176 or 180 CE. Its elements (pedestal, spiral frieze, and statue) and its content (a mili- tary narrative) are largely modeled on the earlier Column of Trajan. One major difference be- tween the columns is that the Column of Marcus Aurelius shows physical violence much more often and more explicitly than the Column of Trajan. This pattern of increased violence on the Column of Marcus Aurelius extends into non-military contexts that involve women. On the Column of Trajan, women never appear alone: they are unthreatened and accompanied by other women and by husbands and/or children. Meanwhile on the Column of Marcus Aurelius, women are more often isolated and sometimes victims of rape and murder. Only one scene on the Col- umn of Marcus Aurelius appears to represent intact unthreatened families. In this scene, XVII, emperor Marcus Aurelius stands on an upper register, while a group of non-Romans gathers on the lower register. The group is composed of families, many with young children. Eugen Petersen, a German scholar, documented the column’s frieze, publishing a series of photographs and descriptions in 1896. In his companion to the frieze, Petersen sug- gests that “perhaps” scene XVII may represent families being separated, though he gives no evi- dence for this claim (Petersen vol. 1, 59). More recently, Paul Zanker has analyzed the scene as part of his work on women and children on the Column of Marcus Aurelius. -
Five Good Emperors Nerva – Marcus Aurelius HIS 207 Oakton Community College Mitilineos November 17, 2011 Reminders
Five good emperors Nerva – Marcus Aurelius HIS 207 Oakton Community College Mitilineos November 17, 2011 Reminders All material due by 11/29/2011 Final study guide – 11/29/2011 Today: ◦ Film ◦ Boudicca ◦ Five good emperors Boudicca and the Iceni Roman Britain C.E. 60 The evidence ◦ Tacitus Agricola ◦ Archaeology not helpful Iceni ◦ Celtic tribe in East Anglia ◦ farming Prasutagus, king of the Iceni Women among the Iceni ◦ power and positions of prestige ◦ Owned land ◦ Right to divorce Prasutagus ◦ Client/king ◦ Left kingdom to two daughters and Nero Roman law prohibits inheritance by women Members of ruling class enslaved Boudicca flogged, her daughters raped The Iceni look to Boudicca for leadership Revolt begins Supported by neighboring tribes, the Iceni numbered about 100,000 Attacked Camulodunum (Cambridge) and Colchester Successful for awhile due to guerilla tactics, use of chariots, lack of respect Last victory at Londinium (London) 230,000 faced smaller Roman force (Midlands – location unknown) 70,000 killed as Roman weapons and tactics under Paulinas prevail Suicide c. 61/62 Nerva 96-98 Period of five good emperors generally prosperous Chosen by senate Recalled exiles Modified taxes Tolerated Christians Adopted Trajan as his successor Purchased land from wealthy and rented them to the needed Promoted public education including poor children Trajan 98-117 Born in Spain Father was a consul Patrician status Adopted by Nerva in 97 Extended the empire As emperor Deified Nerva Optimus Augustus – the -
The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
The meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Originally translated by Meric Casaubon About this edition Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Emperor of Rome from 161 to his death, the last of the “Five Good Emperors.” He was nephew, son-in-law, and adoptive son of Antonius Pius. Marcus Aurelius was one of the most important Stoic philosophers, cited by H.P. Blavatsky amongst famous classic sages and writers such as Plato, Eu- ripides, Socrates, Aristophanes, Pindar, Plutarch, Isocrates, Diodorus, Cicero, and Epictetus.1 This edition was originally translated out of the Greek by Meric Casaubon in 1634 as “The Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius,” with an Introduction by W.H.D. Rouse. It was subsequently edited by Ernest Rhys. London: J.M. Dent & Co; New York: E.P. Dutton & Co, 1906; Everyman’s Library. 1 Cf. Blavatsky Collected Writings, (THE ORIGIN OF THE MYSTERIES) XIV p. 257 Marcus Aurelius' Meditations - tr. Casaubon v. 8.16, uploaded to www.philaletheians.co.uk, 14 July 2013 Page 1 of 128 LIVING THE LIFE SERIES MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS Chief English translations of Marcus Aurelius Meric Casaubon, 1634; Jeremy Collier, 1701; James Thomson, 1747; R. Graves, 1792; H. McCormac, 1844; George Long, 1862; G.H. Rendall, 1898; and J. Jackson, 1906. Renan’s “Marc-Aurèle” — in his “History of the Origins of Christianity,” which ap- peared in 1882 — is the most vital and original book to be had relating to the time of Marcus Aurelius. Pater’s “Marius the Epicurean” forms another outside commentary, which is of service in the imaginative attempt to create again the period.2 Contents Introduction 3 THE FIRST BOOK 12 THE SECOND BOOK 19 THE THIRD BOOK 23 THE FOURTH BOOK 29 THE FIFTH BOOK 38 THE SIXTH BOOK 47 THE SEVENTH BOOK 57 THE EIGHTH BOOK 67 THE NINTH BOOK 77 THE TENTH BOOK 86 THE ELEVENTH BOOK 96 THE TWELFTH BOOK 104 Appendix 110 Notes 122 Glossary 123 A parting thought 128 2 [Brought forward from p. -
Let's Review Text Structure!
Grade 6 Day 18 ELA q I Grade 6 Day 18 ELA Grade 6 Day 18 ELA W o Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math pl Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math P2 Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math 173 Grade 6 Bearcat Day 18 Math 104 Grade 6 Day 18 Science pl Grade 6 Day 18 Science P2 Grade 6 Day 18 Science 123 Question for you to turn in. Describe how processes were used to form a landform. Use vocabulary and evidence from the passage to support your answer. RACE. Grade 6 Day 18 Social Studies Grade 6 Day 18 Social Studies to . I ] l n n t t e o o r n n m i i i t r r t t a a p t t h e e a a . r r m h h 1 o o m m t t E r r 0 p p O O e o o n s f f m m r n a i i i l n n o i i r m e e o m p i R t / l m ? ? d d e l l a l l E e e h a a , ci s s T f f s e u u n n n a a m o sp w w o i C C r o o s/ f t t ct t n D D a a e n a s h h s s e i i t m e W W h h n o h r t / co s o t e d r i n n s s p o a i e e e e t i i m s v v n e p r r m m / e i l t e e e e g t c r s s n n a e e o o l E E R R e s. -
A New Examination of the Arch of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus at Oea Rachel Meyers Iowa State University, [email protected]
World Languages and Cultures Publications World Languages and Cultures 2017 A New Examination of the Arch of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus at Oea Rachel Meyers Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/language_pubs Part of the European Languages and Societies Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the History of Gender Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ language_pubs/130. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the World Languages and Cultures at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in World Languages and Cultures Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A New Examination of the Arch of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus at Oea Abstract The ra ch dedicated to Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus at Oea was an important component in that town’s building activity. By situating the arch within its socio-historical context and acknowledging the political identity of Oea and nearby towns, this article shows that the arch at Oea far surpassed nearby contemporary arches in style, material, and execution. Further, this article demonstrates that the arch was a key element in Oea’s Roman identity. Finally, the article bridges disciplinary boundaries by bringing together art historical analysis with the concepts of euergetism, Roman civic status, and inter-city rivalry in the Roman Empire. -
A Remark on the Name of the Emperor Lucius Aurelius Verus in Egypt 448 ADAM ŁUKASZEWICZ
INSTITUT DES CULTURES MÉDITERRANÉENNES ET ORIENTALES DE L’ACADÉMIE POLONAISE DES SCIENCES ÉTUDES et TRAVAUX XXVI 2013 ADAM ŁUKASZEWICZ A Remark on the Name of the Emperor Lucius Aurelius Verus in Egypt 448 ADAM ŁUKASZEWICZ In documents from Roman Egypt the emperor Lucius Aurelius Verus (AD 161–169)1 appears obviously as co-regent of Marcus Aurelius and is mentioned only together with Marcus Aurelius. In Greek papyri a frequent formula reads: Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Μάρκος Αὐρήλιος ʼΑντωνῖνος Σεβαστὸς καὶ Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ Λούκιος Αὐρήλιος Οὐῆρος Σεβαστός.2 The occurrence of Lucius Verus is rare in Egyptian texts. As far as the Egyptian hieroglyphic inscriptions are considered, J. von Beckerath quotes only the examples from R. Lepsius’ Denkmäler.3 The name of Lucius Verus occurs as: Rwky Awrry wr-aA anx-Dt. The names printed in the Denkmäler were copied from three cartouches which are situ- ated on the southern wall in a small western temple of Marcus Aurelius at Philae, in a row together with the cartouches of Marcus Aurelius, with two preserved cartouches containing the titles Αὐτοκράτωρ Καῖσαρ: Awtkrtr Ksrs. Above these cartouches of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus there is a fragment of a Greek inscription with a date (Pharmouthi 30 of an unknown year) referring to the joint rulers: ] κυρίων Αὐτοκρατόρων Φαρμοῦθι λ ἐπ΄ ἀγαθῷ. New instances of the name of Lucius Verus are available now in the publication by J. Hallof.4 They came from Kom Ombo and Philae. The inscriptions can be found in the main temple of Kom Ombo and in the gate of Hadrian at Philae. -
Collector's Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage
Liberty Coin Service Collector’s Checklist for Roman Imperial Coinage (49 BC - AD 518) The Twelve Caesars - The Julio-Claudians and the Flavians (49 BC - AD 96) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Julius Caesar (49-44 BC) Augustus (31 BC-AD 14) Tiberius (AD 14 - AD 37) Caligula (AD 37 - AD 41) Claudius (AD 41 - AD 54) Tiberius Nero (AD 54 - AD 68) Galba (AD 68 - AD 69) Otho (AD 69) Nero Vitellius (AD 69) Vespasian (AD 69 - AD 79) Otho Titus (AD 79 - AD 81) Domitian (AD 81 - AD 96) The Nerva-Antonine Dynasty (AD 96 - AD 192) Nerva (AD 96-AD 98) Trajan (AD 98-AD 117) Hadrian (AD 117 - AD 138) Antoninus Pius (AD 138 - AD 161) Marcus Aurelius (AD 161 - AD 180) Hadrian Lucius Verus (AD 161 - AD 169) Commodus (AD 177 - AD 192) Marcus Aurelius Years of Transition (AD 193 - AD 195) Pertinax (AD 193) Didius Julianus (AD 193) Pescennius Niger (AD 193) Clodius Albinus (AD 193- AD 195) The Severans (AD 193 - AD 235) Clodius Albinus Septimus Severus (AD 193 - AD 211) Caracalla (AD 198 - AD 217) Purchase Emperor Denomination Grade Date Price Geta (AD 209 - AD 212) Macrinus (AD 217 - AD 218) Diadumedian as Caesar (AD 217 - AD 218) Elagabalus (AD 218 - AD 222) Severus Alexander (AD 222 - AD 235) Severus The Military Emperors (AD 235 - AD 284) Alexander Maximinus (AD 235 - AD 238) Maximus Caesar (AD 235 - AD 238) Balbinus (AD 238) Maximinus Pupienus (AD 238) Gordian I (AD 238) Gordian II (AD 238) Gordian III (AD 238 - AD 244) Philip I (AD 244 - AD 249) Philip II (AD 247 - AD 249) Gordian III Trajan Decius (AD 249 - AD 251) Herennius Etruscus -
The Roaming Roman All the News Romans Need to Know 182AD Rome
The Roaming Roman All the News Romans Need to Know 182AD Rome Letter to the Editor Connelius Reillium Dear Roaming Roman, I am writing this letter because I want you to know I am sorry, but only that I failed to kill Commodus. If I had succeeded, Lucilla and her husband would have brought the Roman Empire back to the glory we saw when her father Marcus Aurelius ruled. The two years since he died have been terrible for the Roman Empire. In his 58 years of life, the only thing he did that was bad for the Romans was to let Commodus into power. Marcus Aurelius was a great man. Plato himself would have said he was the Philosopher King he hoped would rule an empire. I read his Meditations regularly and find his Stoicism so different from the terrible policies of Commodus. Commodus does not seem to care about us Romans. Commodus had everything handed to him, but your father was different. His father died when he was two, but that did not stop Marcus Aurelius. He became a consul at 18 and a tribune at 25. He even died fighting the German tribes. Romans need a leader like your father. Commodus needs to be killed, but he will certainly sentence me to death for trying to kill him outside the theater today. I only hope someone finds my dagger and finishes the job. Sincerely, Appius Claudius Quintianus, 182AD Bust of Emperor Marcus Aurelius 160-170 Source: British Museum Sources: Aurelius, Marcus, The Emperor’s Handbook Boak, Arthur, A History of Rome to A.D.565 Birley, Anthony, Marcus Aurelius Knight, Judson, Ancient Civilizations: Biographies . -
1 Ever Since First Reading About Female Gladiators, the Concept and Details
Ever since first reading about female gladiators, the concept and details behind such “woman warriors” has continued to fascinate me. While there are fewer primary sources that discuss female gladiators and their involvement in the arena, the sources I did locate helped me compile an interesting insight into the potential life of a female gladiator. I decided to direct my focus on a woman of the upper, elite class becoming a gladiator because I believe that “transformation” from femina (a woman of upper class status) to gladiator is more interesting than a woman of lower status making the choice to fight in the arena. I draw evidence from two books: Gladiatrix: The True Story of History’s Unknown Woman Warrior by Amy Zoll, and Women in Ancient Rome: A Sourcebook by Bonnie Maclachlan. I also cite two scholarly articles: “Female Gladiators in Imperial Rome: Literary Context and Historical Fact” by Anna McCollough, and “New Evidence of Female Gladiators” by Alfanso Manas, and I utilize three readings from class, including: “Roman Sexualities” by Judith P. Hallett and Marilyn B. Skinner, “Sexuality and Gender in the Classical World” by Laura McClure, and “Recruitment and Training of Gladiators” by Rodger Dunkle. In the first part of my letter, I mention the shame and infamia that Cassia has brought upon her family by making the choice to become a female gladiator: “I know you both fund it disgusting and unthinkable that I gave up my status as the daughter of a wealthy senator to pursue the lifestyle of a female gladiator”. I drew a lot of my information for this section from Anna McCollough’s article “Female Gladiators in Imperial Rome: Literary Context and Historical Fact”. -
27 Constantine.Key
Roman Civilization 27: Constantine Administrative Stuf Paper III • Tesis and Topic Sentences: Due Now Midterm II • Tursday! Class website • htp://www.unm.edu/~cjdietz/romanciv/ • Updated. Administrative Stuf Paper III • Due: May 10, 5:30 p.m. Course Evaluations • Your feedback is requested. • You should have received an email from UNM. Check your email. Fall Semester: • Greek Civilization • MW 5:30-6:45 • Registration is open! • Tell your fiends! Questions? Te Dominate Starting with Diocletian Diocletian November 20, 284 - May 1, 305 Rise to Power • Born: December 2, 244 in Spalatum (Split, Croatia) • Emperor on November 20, 284 • Te Dominate (fr. Dominus) Te Dominate Starting with Diocletian Principate to Dominate • Imperator to Dominus • No longer concerned with any illusions of a republic • Dominus as divine • Proskynesis • Luxury palaces • Diocletian’s Palace Diocletian’s Palace, Split, Croatia Diocletian November 20, 284 - May 1, 305 Tetrarchy • Knew empire was too big to manage efectively • In 286, named Maximian co-emperor Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti Tetrarchy March 1, 293 Empire was too big to manage, even with two emperors • Tetrarchy = tetra + archy (cf. monarchy) • East • Augustus: Diocletian • Caesar: Galerius • West • Augustus: Maximian • Caesar: Constantius Te Tetrarchy Confusing Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti East West Augustus Diocletian Maximian Abdicated: May 1, 305 Abdicated: May 1, 305 Caesar Galerius Constantius Confusing Tetrarchy Caesares and Augusti East West Augustus Galerius Constantius Died July 25, 306 Caesar -
1 Kathleen M. Coleman Department of the Classics
Kathleen M. Coleman Department of the Classics Office tel.: 617-495-2024 Harvard University Mobile tel.: 617-909-5315 204 Boylston Hall Office fax: 617-496-6720 Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] 1. Academic qualifications 1973 University of Cape Town: B.A. with Distinction in Latin 1975 University of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe): B.A. (Special) Honours in Classics, First Class 1979 Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford: D.Phil. 2. Honors and awards 1976–79 Beit Fellowship 1980 A.L.I.S. Award (British Council) 1981 Oxford Award (British Federation of University Women) 1987–88 Alexander von Humboldt Forschungsstipendium 1991 University of Cape Town Book Award (for Siluae IV); prize shared with J. M. Coetzee (for Age of Iron) 1992 Alexander von Humboldt Forschungsstipendium 1998– Honorary Research Curator, Harvard University Art Museums 2003–08 Harvard College Professor, Harvard University 2005 Joseph R. Levenson Teaching Prize for Senior Faculty, awarded by the Undergraduate Council of Harvard College 2007 Walter Channing Cabot Fellowship, Harvard University 2008 Ausonius-Preis, Universität Trier 2009 Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Honorary Member 2010 Loeb Classical Library Foundation research grant 2012 Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Corresponding Member 2013–14 Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Fellow 2017–18 Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, Member 3. Posts held 1976 Temporary Teaching Assistant, Department of Classics, University of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) 1979–81 Junior Lecturer, Department of Classics, University of Cape Town 1982–87 Lecturer, Department of Classics, University of Cape Town 1988–90 Senior Lecturer, Department of Classics, University of Cape Town (ad hominem promotion) 1991–93 Associate Professor, Department of Classics, University of Cape Town (ad hominem promotion) 1993–98 Professor of Latin, Trinity College, Dublin 1996–97 Visiting Professor, Harvard University 1998–2010 Professor of Latin, Harvard University 2010– James Loeb Professor of the Classics, Harvard University 1 4. -
A Journey in Pictures: Christianity Conquers Rome
A Journey in Pictures: Christianity Conquers Rome By Ursula Kampmann, © MoneyMuseum What is god? A Roman who believed in the state gods and a Roman who believed in Christianity would have answered this question quite differently. For the former, the gods were powers which could be induced by magic ceremonies to be well disposed to man. For the latter, God was a loving father who had sent his Son to mankind to redeem all who believed in him. While the Roman gods demanded their rituals, the Christian God claimed the complete person, jealously forbidding him to venerate other gods. The Roman and Christian understanding of god was so different that the one was not prepared to yield to the other peacefully. How and why, however, did it come about that Christianity replaced the Roman cults? 1 von 19 www.sunflower.ch The Roman form of piety Pietas standing before a burning altar, strewing incense over the flame from a box with her left hand. A sesterce of the Roman co-emperor Lucius Verus (161-169 AD), minted for his wife Lucilla The Romans considered pietas to be the basis of their state. If we were to translate "pietas" with the English word "piety" we would not convey the right meaning. "Pietas" meant reverence for everything handed down by one's ancestors: faithfully performing all the domestic rituals, accepting political responsibility and personal ties, obedience towards those who were older and ranked higher. The person who complied with the divine order without wanting to change it in any way was "pius." He could be assured of the solicitude of the gods who rewarded him for his pietas.