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Prepared Statement of Elizabeth Economy, Ph.D. C A 'CHINA MODEL?' BEIJING'S PROMOTION OF ALTERNATIVE GLOBAL NORMS AND STANDARDS HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FRIDAY, MARCH 13, 2020 Note: The full Commission received written testimony and considered it along with responses to questions for the record in place of an in-person hearing that was postponed during the initial response to COVID-19 and the related closure of Capitol Grounds to the public. MONDAY, APRIL 27, 2020 Note: The Commission conducted a Roundtable on this date focusing on the first panel of the originally scheduled hearing to supplement the written testimony and responses to questions for the record. This document covers the original planned agenda, all testimony from all invited witnesses, the prepared opening statements by the co-Chairs, Commissioner questions for the record and responses, and the transcript of the related Roundtable. Printed for use of the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: https://www.uscc.gov UNITED STATES-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION WASHINGTON: 2020 U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ROBIN CLEVELAND, CHAIRMAN CAROLYN BARTHOLOMEW, VICE CHAIRMAN Commissioners: ANDREAS A. BORGEAS THEA MEI LEE BOB BOROCHOFF KENNETH LEWIS JEFFREY L. FIEDLER HON. JAMES M. TALENT HON. CARTE P. GOODWIN MICHAEL R. WESSEL ROY D. KAMPHAUSEN LARRY M. WORTZEL The Commission was created on October 30, 2000 by the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for 2001 § 1238, Public Law No. 106-398, 114 STAT. 1654A-334 (2000) (codified at 22 U.S.C. § 7002 (2001), as amended by the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for 2002 § 645 (regarding employment status of staff) & § 648 (regarding changing annual report due date from March to June), Public Law No. 107-67, 115 STAT. 514 (Nov. 12, 2001); as amended by Division P of the “Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003,” Pub L. No. 108-7 (Feb. 20, 2003) (regarding Commission name change, terms of Commissioners, and responsibilities of the Commission); as amended by Public Law No. 109- 108 (H.R. 2862) (Nov. 22, 2005) (regarding responsibilities of Commission and applicability of FACA); as amended by Division J of the “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008,” Public Law Nol. 110-161 (December 26, 2007) (regarding responsibilities of the Commission, and changing the Annual Report due date from June to December); as amended by the Carl Levin and Howard P. “Buck” McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015, P.L. 113-291 (December 19, 2014) (regarding responsibilities of the Commission). The Commission’s full charter is available at https://www.uscc.gov. ii CONTENTS FRIDAY, MARCH 13, 2020 HEARING ON A 'CHINA MODEL?' BEIJING'S PROMOTION OF ALTERNATIVE GLOBAL NORMS AND STANDARDS STATEMENTS FOR THE RECORD Panel I: An Emerging “China Model”? Prepared Statement of Nadège Rolland Senior Fellow for Political and Security Affairs, National Bureau of Asian Research ..1 Prepared Statement of David Shullman, Ph.D. Senior Advisor, International Republican Institute .......................................................10 Prepared Statement of Elizabeth Economy, Ph.D. C. V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director for Asia Studies, Council on Foreign Relations ........................................................................................................................................23 Prepared Statement of Daniel Tobin Member of the China Studies Faculty, National Intelligence University, and Senior Associate (Non-resident), Freeman Chair in China Studies, Center for Strategic and International Studies ......................................................................................................33 Panel II: China’s Activities to Revise Global Governance Norms Prepared Statement of Melanie Hart, Ph.D. Senior Fellow and Director of China Policy, Center for American Progress ................70 Prepared Statement of Jonathan Hillman Senior Fellow and Director of the Reconnecting Asia Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies ......................................................................................................82 Prepared Statement of Bradley Murg, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Political Science and Asian Studies, Seattle Pacific University 96 Panel III: Technological Competition and Driving New Standards Prepared Statement of Naomi Wilson Senior Director of Policy, Asia, Information Technology Industry Council ...............105 Prepared Statement of Adam Segal, Ph.D. Ira A. Lipman Chair in Emerging Technologies and National Security, Council on Foreign Relations ........................................................................................................114 Prepared Statement of Ray Bowen, Ph.D. Senior Analyst, Pointe Bello ........................................................................................123 QUESTIONS FOR THE RECORD iii Responses from Nadège Rolland Senior Fellow for Political and Security Affairs, National Bureau of Asian Research .......................................................................................................................................150 Responses from David Shullman, Ph.D. Senior Advisor, International Republican Institute .....................................................155 Responses from Elizabeth Economy, Ph.D. C. V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director for Asia Studies, Council on Foreign Relations .......................................................................................................................................164 Responses from Daniel Tobin Member of the China Studies Faculty, National Intelligence University, and Senior Associate (Non-resident), Freeman Chair in China Studies, Center for Strategic and International Studies ....................................................................................................169 Responses from Melanie Hart, Ph.D. Senior Fellow and Director of China Policy, Center for American Progress .............181 Responses from Jonathan Hillman Senior Fellow and Director of the Reconnecting Asia Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies ....................................................................................................184 Responses from Naomi Wilson Senior Director of Policy, Asia, Information Technology Industry Council ...............186 Responses from Adam Segal, Ph.D. Ira A. Lipman Chair in Emerging Technologies and National Security, Council on Foreign Relations ........................................................................................................189 Responses from Ray Bowen, Ph.D. Senior Analyst, Pointe Bello ........................................................................................192 MONDAY, APRIL 27, 2020 ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION Panel I: An Emerging “China Model”? Opening Statement of Senator James Talent (Roundtable Co-Chair) ................................................................................................196 Prepared Statement .......................................................................................................198 Prepared Statement of Senator Carte Goodwin (Roundtable Co-Chair) ................................................................................................199 Roundtable Introduction by Senator Talent (Roundtable Co-Chair) ................................................................................................200 Statement of Nadège Rolland Senior Fellow for Political and Security Affairs, National Bureau of Asian Research ......................................................................................................................................201 Statement of David Shullman, Ph.D. Senior Advisor, International Republican Institute .....................................................203 Statement of Elizabeth Economy, Ph.D. C. V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director for Asia Studies, Council on Foreign Relations iv ......................................................................................................................................205 Statement of Daniel Tobin Member of the China Studies Faculty, National Intelligence University, and Senior Associate (Non-resident), Freeman Chair in China Studies, Center for Strategic and International Studies ....................................................................................................207 Roundtable Question and Answer ...................................................................................209 v PREPARED STATEMENT OF NADÈGE ROLLAND, SENIOR FELLOW FOR POLITICAL AND SECURITY AFFAIRS, NATIONAL BUREAU OF ASIAN RESEARCH Back to Table of Contents 1 Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing on The “China Model” March 13, 2020 A World Order Modeled by China Nadège Rolland, Senior Fellow, The National Bureau of Asian Research In an address following the 19th Chinese Communist Party (CCP) National Congress, Foreign minister Wang Yi charted the course of China’s diplomacy and international relations in the “new era” in this way: “General Secretary Xi Jinping made it clear in his report to the Congress that China will endeavor to foster a new form of international relations and build a community with a shared future for mankind (…). These twin objectives are inspired by the fine traditions of the 5000-year Chinese culture emphasizing the pursuit of the common
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