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Old England, Her Story Mirrored in Her Scenes

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Old England, Her Story Mirrored in Her Scenes ^y^ ^!^ ANn CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY / D All books are subject to recall after two weeks. Olin/Kroch Library DATE DUE i¥2 Cornell University 'Ml Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028024200 OLD ENGLAND " The roots of the present lie deep in the past, and nothing in the past is dead to the man who would learn HOW THE PRESENT COMES TO BE WHAT IT IS." Blshop Stubhs PLATE I BRIDGE OF ROMAN DESCENT NEAR MIL- FORD IN SURREY WITH A GOOD COTTAGE OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY OLD ENGLAND HER STORY MIRRORED IN HER SCENES TEXT BY W. SHAW SPARROW PICTURES BY JAMES ORROCK, R.I. CO. NEW YORK : JAMES POTT & LONDON : EVELEIGH NASH 1908 ' V 'I Printed by Ballantyne 6" Co. Ltd. AT THE Ballantyne Press Tavistock Street London ty\ CONTENTS CHAP PAGE Introduction—Art and Landscape as Social History i I. The Sea-Coast and the Sea 24 II. The Influence of Roads and Bridges 63 III. The Church in the Midst of War ioi IV. How They Built in Old England 150 V. War and the Ancient Castles 170 VI. Forests: the Conquest of Anderida Silva 212 VII. Archery in the Cleared Forest Lands 248 VIII. The Romance of the "Grene Wode" 272 IX. The Lord of the Manor 287 X. The Reign of the Sheepfolds and Shepherds 318 ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PLATE PAGE I. Bridge of Roman Descent near Milford in Surrey, with a Good Cottage of the Seventeenth Century Frontispiece II. Peterborough, with the Cathedral in the Distance i III. Half-timbered Cottages at Ludlow in Salop 4 IV. St. Bernard's Monastery in Leicestershire 8 V. Bradgate Park, Leicestershire, the Home of Lady Jane Grey: Newtown Linford in the Distance 12 VI. Old Georgian Mill near Danbury in Essex, with a Quaint Footbridge of Timber 16 VII. Spate at Aysgarth Force, Yorkshire 20 VIII. Dunstanborough Castle on the North Sea, Six Miles North-east from Alnwick, the Seat of the Dukes of Northumberland 24 IX. Chanctonbury Downs, Sussex, about seven miles north of Worthing, in the Country of the Ancient Forest of Anderida 28 X. Georgian Windmill near Worthing, Sussex, in the Country of the Ancient Forest of Anderida 32 XI. Pevensey, Sussex, the Landing-place of William the Conqueror, perhaps also of Julius Caesar 36 XII. Old Breakwater on the Sussex Coast at Brighton, in a Sou'-West Gale 40 XIII. On the Lincolnshire Coast near Chapel 44 XIV. Berwick-on-Tweed 48 XV. Bamborough Castle, Northumberland 52 XVI. Holy Island and its Castle, Northumberland 56 XVII. Bridge, possibly of Roman Descent, near Elstead in Surrey 64 XVIII. Bridge, possibly of Roman Descent, near Milford in Surrey 68 b vii 1 1 ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PLATE PAGE XIX. Old Kegworth Bridge on the Borders of Leicester- shire and Nottinghamshire 72 XX. Old Shoreham Bridge and Church in Sussex 76 XXI. Old Warkworth Bridge, Northumberland 80 XXII. Old Twisel Bridge over the River Till in North- umberland, near Flodden Field 84 XXIII. Richmond and its Bridge, Yorkshire 88 XXIV. Knaresborough and its Bridge, Yorkshire 92 XXV. Bridge over the Wharfe, Yorkshire 96 XXVI. Church of Saxon Origin, at Sompting, Sussex 10 XXVII. South-West View of Lincoln Cathedral 104 XXVIII. The Ruins of Furness Abbey, near Dalton, Lancashire 108 XXIX. The Ruins of Rievaulx Abbey near Helmsley in Yorkshire. Founded in the Year 113 112 XXX. The Ruins of Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire 116 XXXI. The Ruins of Kirkstall Abbey in the Vale of the Aire, about three miles to the West of Leeds 120 XXXII. The Ruins of Lanercost Priory in Cumberland, near Naworth Castle. Founded in the Year 1169 124 XXXIII. Lanercost Priory, Cumberland, an Augustine Monastery Founded by Robert de Vallibus 128 XXXIV. View of Durham Cathedral 132 XXXV. The Cathedral Church of Ripon 136 XXXVI. Ulverscroft Priory in Charnwood Forest, Leicester- shire, Founded in the Twelfth Century 140 XXXVII. of Type Country Parish Church : Hampton Lucy in Warwickshire 144 XXXVIII. Type of Manor Church at Bury in Sussex on the River Arun 148 XXXIX. View of Radcliffe-on-Soar, Nottinghamshire 156 XL. The Valley of the Yore, Yorkshire, with Bolton Castle in the Distance 160 XLI. Nappa Hall, Wensleydale, Yorkshire 164 XLII. Lancaster Castle, on the Lune 168 XLIII. Prudhoe Castle, Northumberland, from the Ford at Ovington 1172 Vlll ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PLATE PAGE XLIV. Norham Castle, Northumberland, on the South Bank of the Tweed 176 XLV. Warkworth Castle, Northumberland, about a mile from the Sea, and on the River Coquet 180 XLVI. Conisborough Castle on the Dart, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, near Rotherham 184. XLVII. Tutbury Castle on the River Dove, near Burton-on- Trent 188 XLVIII. Ludlow Castle in Shropshire 192 XLIX. Stokesay Castle, Shropshire 196 L. Arundel Castle in Sussex 200 LI. Warwick Castle, on the River Avon 204 LIL Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire 208 LIIL A Mangold Field in Surrey 212 LIV. Stacking Mangolds in Surrey 216 LV. Manor Farm near Milford in Surrey 220 LVL Cottage Farm at Elstead, Surrey 224 LVn. The Outer Park at Arundel in Sussex 228 LVin. Roadside Farm at Witley in Surrey 232 LIX. Farm on the Wold, Witley, Surrey 236 LX. Cottage Home at Witley in Surrey 240 LXL Witley Manor House and Church 244 LXIL Cottages at Aysgarth in Yorkshire 248 LXIIL On the Ure, Aysgarth, Yorkshire 252 LXIV. View of Carlisle, Cumberland 256 LXV. View of Woodhouse, Leicestershire 260 LXVL The Elm Tree Inn, on the Trent, Nottingham 264 LXVII. Zouch Mill, Leicestershire 268 LXVIII. Georgian Watermill at Barford, Warwick- shire 272 LXIX. Charlecote, Warwickshire 280 LXX. Woodhouse Windmill, Leicestershire 284 LXXI. Haddon Hall 288 LXXII. Cumberton Manor near Kidderminster 292 LXXIII. Half-timbered Manor House near Ludlow in Shropshire 296 ix ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PLATE PAGE LXXIV. Iffley Watermill, Oxfordshire 300 LXXV. Morwick Watermill, Northumberland 304 LXXVI. Georgian Watermill in Essex 312 LXXVII. Sunny Day in the Leicestershire Meadows 320 LXXVIII. At Newtown Linford, Leicestershire 324 LXXIX. A Sheep Farm at Newtown Linford 328 LXXX. Shepherd's Cottage at Normanton-on-Soar 332 PLATE II PETERBOROUGH, WITH THE CATHEDRAL IN THE DISTANCE INTRODUCTION ART AND LANDSCAPE AS SOCIAL HISTORY of genius come out of the dark," said MENRuskin, and live most gloriously in the light after they are dead. They work to satisfy themselves, and die (as a rule) before they have raised the public to their own level ; while men of second-rate talents, gravitating by instinct to the public taste, may become as popular as music halls, and as ephemeral as topical songs. Besides, those who live near to great men can scarcely expect to see them in focus, as a whole and in the right perspective ; it is distance that lends correctness to our views of real genius. For a similar reason the Swiss are unastonished by their own mountains, and do not feel much tempted to climb the peaks. This perilous exercise they leave to the professional guides, as we hand over to con- noisseurs and critics the work of discovering the hill-top men in art and literature. These and a number of other thoughts in the same matter must be often present to the mind of any one who is at all concerned in the study of English rural painters and their places in the perspective of history. The greatest among them, A I OLD ENGLAND with one exception, were scarcely seen by their contemporaries, whereas a good many of the smaller painters were accepted as giants. To-day, on the other hand, the Witheringtons and the Creswicks are forgotten, while the big men whom they eclipsed —Cotman, for instance, and Crome and Constable —are up there, on the peaks of fame. If we restrict our survey to English rural painters of the first rank, and put J. M. W. Turner aside as an exception, we find in their lives so much tragedy and long-suffering that it seems wrong for us to take pleasure in their work—work that brought them so little in the way of comfort and happiness. Good luck did not come to these great hearts, like the farm on the Sabine Hills to Horace. They were soldiers ever at war against adversity, mak- ing forced marches with hunger for a companion. Some died young after one sharp campaign, like Girtin, Bonington, George Mason, and Fred. Walker. Others lived to old age, and suffered much more on that account. Success and popularity came after their funerals ; and then it was profitable to have a shrewd liking for their genius. Think of John Sell Cotman, one of the finest spirits in landscape art, who died miserably, worn out by money troubles which were not a bit kinder, I think, than actual starvation. At a public sale in 1834, eight years before his death, not one of his pictures fetched more than five pounds. In 1836 a masterpiece in water-colours was knocked down at eight shillings. Richard Wilson also, living between 17 14 and 1782, had a desperate struggle ; INTRODUCTION all his life, fighting like a beaten general in rear- guard actions. Old Crome gave lessons for a living at Norwich, in a sleepy provincial town, shut up there like an eagle in an aviary of parrots. These great men, like Linnell, Holland, David Cox, and Peter De Wint, left behind them a magnificent legacy of work, more valuable to-day than gilt- edged securities. The best pictures by De Wint were oil-paintings, and as they did not appeal at all to his purchasing friends, the painter made a temporary burial-place for them in his attic, where they were kept on shelves till he died in 1849.
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