Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia

CHARACTERISTICS OF IDENTIFIED MORPHOLOGY OF MCCLELLAND, 1838 IN THE GIANH RIVER BASIN FROM VIETNAM Ho Anh Tuan Vinh University, Nghe An province, Vietnam Rezumat Genul Schistura McClelland, 1838 este reprezentat de 193 specii, dintre care 29 specii sunt răspândite, cu precădere, în sectoarele superioare ale râurilor din Vietnam. În urma studiului au fost supuse analizei 248 exemplare a genului Schistura McClelland, 1838 capturate în bazinul r. Giahn, Vietnam. S-au identificat 4 specii:Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000; Schistura hingi (Herre, 1934); Schistura kottelati Tuan et al, 2015; Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000. Două specii: Schistura finisKottelat, 2000 и Schistura kottelati Tuan et al, 2015 sunt semnalate în premieră.

126 Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Cuvinte-cheie: ihtiofauna, biodiversitate, caractere morfometrice, ecosisteme acvatice. Depus la redacţie: 26 octombrie 2015 ------Adresa pentru corespondenţă: Ho Ahn Tuan, Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, str. Alexe Mateevici 60, MD-2009 Chişinău, Republica Moldova; e-mail: [email protected] ; tel. (+373) 68 347 121 Introduction According to Maurice Kottelat (2012), Genus Schistura McClelland, 1838 consists 193 , in which 29 species mainly distribute in the upper small parts of stream and rivers in Vietnam. In all studies of genus Schistura McClelland, 1838 mentioned that their species are mainly endemic and limited distribution, rare species in common distribution [8, 1]. In the Gianh river basin, different studies of genus Schistura McClelland, 1838 showed different species composition results, such as Nguyen Thai Tu at al (1999) reported 2 species: and Schistura incerta [12]; Nguyen Thai Tu & Ho Anh Tuan (2003) showed 2 species: Schistura fasciolata, Schistura incerta and 18 phenol. And Ngo Sy Van & Tran Anh Tuan (2003) indicated 3 species: Schistura caudofurca, Schistura fasciolata, Schistura incerta and 1 phenol [13]. In the mainstream of Gianh River, Mai Thị Thanh Phuong et al indicated 7 species: Schistura aramis, Schistura huongensis, Schistura carbonaria, Schistura psittacula, Schistura hingi, Schistura susannae, Schistura fasciolata and 1 phenol [11]. Moreover, Freyhof & Serov (2011) pointed that 2 species of this genus in the Gianh river: Schistura hingi and Schistura pervagata [1]. Due to these different results genus Schistura McClelland, 1838 of ichthyoslogists, we have already exchanged specimens and anlysed data with Maurice Kottelat and Freyhof to solve problem. From that condition, we strengthen to research the project “Characteristics of identified morphology of genus Schistura McClelland, 1838 in the Gianh river basin from Vietnam” Material and methods specimens were collected mainly from fishing men in these survey regions. Fishing tools are fishnets, rackets, casting – net, multi size fishing – rods andalso professional tools of fish men such as: fishing basket, fishing traps, etc. Some other specimens was bought from local people. All samples were given full information in field trip diary, sampling notes, taking pictures and fixed with formaline 8- 10% and reserving with formaline 5% in Laboratory of Department of Biology, Vinh University. Note of figure 1: A: Standard length; B: Total length; C: Dorsal head length; D: Lateral head length; E: Predorsal length; F: Pre-pelvic length; G: Pre-anus length; H: Preanal length; K: Head depth (at eye); L: Head depth (at nape); M: Body depth; N: Depth of caudal peduncle; O: Length of caudal peduncle; I: Snout length; Q: Head width (at nares); R: Body width (dorsal origin); S: Body width (anal origin); T: Eye diameter; U: Interorbital width; V: Height of dorsal fin; Z: Length of upper caudal lobe; W: Depth of anal fin; X: Length of pelvic fin; Y: Length of pectoral fin; CC: Barbel length; AA: Lateral head length; BB: Not lateral head length.

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Figure 1. Measurements taken on Schistura species by Maurice Kottelat. Results and discussion By the time of sample collection, indentification, and exchange specimens and thankful helps of Maurice Kottelat and Freyhof, we have already indentified 4 species of genus Schisturs McClelland, 1838 in the Gianh river basin from Vietnam. They are discribed in morphological characteristics as below 2.1. Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000 (n = 86) Diagnosis Distinguished from all other species of the genus in Southeast Asia by the following combination of characters: body and head massive, cylindrical; snout blunt; cheeks slightly swollen in individuals larger than about 80 mm SL; no median notch in upper lip; lower lip with a median incision; lower jaw with a median notch. (Figure 2, Table 1) Table 1. Morphometric data of Schistura finis & Schistura hingi. Morphometric data Schistura finis (n = 86) Schistura hingi (n = 64) In percents of SL Mean Min Max SD Mean Min Max SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total length 120.5 119.8 121.2 0.7 120.4 118.7 123.4 1.7 Dorsal head length (HL) 19.5 19.1 20.0 0.4 22.0 21.1 23.7 0.8 Lateral head length 21.9 21.7 22.1 0.2 24.4 23.8 25.0 0.4 Predorsal length 53.3 52.2 54.3 1.0 53.6 51.3 55.7 1.3 Pre-pelvic length 51.3 51.2 51.4 0.1 54.6 53.7 56.3 1.1 Pre-anus length 68.2 67.5 69.0 0.8 69.3 67.6 72.6 1.6 Preanal length 77.4 77.1 77.7 0.3 79.1 77.2 82.5 1.7 Head depth (at eye) 9.6 9.5 9.8 0.2 11.4 10.6 12.4 0.6 Head depth (at nape) 12.2 11.9 12.5 0.3 13.9 12.6 14.7 0.8 Body depth 17.9 16.8 18.9 1.0 18.0 15.2 20.9 2.0 Depth of caudal peduncle 11.9 11.4 12.3 0.5 15.0 12.8 17.2 1.6 Length of caudal peduncle 17.4 17.0 17.7 0.4 14.8 13.5 15.8 0.8 Snout length 9.4 9.3 9.6 0.2 11.6 11.1 12.2 0.4

128 Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Table 1 (Continued) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Head width (at nares) 10.1 10.0 10.1 0.0 13.3 10.9 14.8 1.2 Maximum head width 14.9 14.7 15.1 0.2 16.7 15.2 18.7 1.2 Body width (dorsal origin) 11.9 11.6 12.2 0.3 14.5 12.1 16.7 1.5 Body width (anal origin) 7.3 7.0 7.6 0.3 9.0 7.6 10.3 0.9 Eye diameter 3.9 3.6 4.2 0.3 4.2 3.7 4.9 0.4 Interorbital width 6.2 5.9 6.5 0.3 7.7 6.9 8.9 0.7 Height of dorsal fin 18.2 18.0 18.4 0.2 20.7 19.2 21.7 0.9 Length of upper caudal lobe 20.0 19.9 20.2 0.1 21.8 19.9 23.2 1.3 Length of lower caudal lobe 20.2 19.4 21.1 0.8 21.5 18.8 23.7 1.7 Length of median caudal 16.2 16.1 16.3 0.1 16.8 15.7 17.5 0.6 rays Depth of anal fin 15.6 14.9 16.2 0.7 16.7 15.9 18.0 0.7 Length of pelvic fin 15.2 14.7 15.6 0.5 17.3 16.1 18.6 1.0 Length of pectoral fin 18.2 17.5 19.0 0.7 19.5 17.9 21.2 1.2 Barbel length 7.2 6.6 7.8 0.6 8.4 7.0 9.7 1.0 In percents of HL Lateral head length 112.0 108.4 115.5 3.6 110.6 103.6 115.4 4.1 Head depth (at eye) 49.2 48.9 49.6 0.3 52.0 50.2 56.5 2.1 Head depth (at nape) 62.3 62.1 62.5 0.2 62.9 57.0 66.6 3.2 Body depth 91.7 84.3 99.1 7.4 81.5 68.8 92.3 7.5 Snout length 48.3 48.0 48.7 0.3 52.6 50.1 55.0 1.6 Head width (at nares) 51.6 50.3 53.0 1.3 60.1 49.2 64.0 5.2 Maximum head width 76.2 75.6 76.8 0.6 75.9 69.0 79.9 3.9 Eye diameter 19.8 18.8 20.8 1.0 18.9 17.1 22.1 1.8 Interorbital width 31.8 29.3 34.2 2.5 35.1 31.2 37.7 2.7 Height of dorsal fin 93.3 92.2 94.5 1.2 94.1 87.8 100.1 4.7 Depth of anal fin 79.6 77.9 81.3 1.7 75.8 71.7 82.7 3.7 Length of pelvic fin 77.5 76.9 78.2 0.6 78.7 70.9 85.5 6.1 Length of pectoral fin 93.3 91.6 95.0 1.7 88.5 81.3 97.0 6.0 Barbel length 37.0 33.1 40.8 3.9 38.0 31.8 45.8 5.0 Colour pattern Body greyish brown with poorly contrasted pattern in adults. Body with about 12 - 15 bars between dorsal-fin origin and caudal fin, additional bars present in front of dorsal-fin but indistinct, except upper extremities which do not reach dorsal midline but form two series of dark blotches parallel to dorsal midline or sometimes fused to form two stripes. Bars thinner than interspaces, usually irregularly shaped and organised in individuals 60 - 70 mm SL, quite regular above this size. Black bar at caudal-fin base more or less complete, with posterior projection at lower extremity, curved forward at upper extremity. Dorsal-fin base with a black spot anteriorly, followed by a hyaline patch

129 Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia and a low elongate grey blotch. Caudal fin orange in life, with a red patch occupying from a few rays to most of upper lobe. In specimens about 30 - 50 mm SL, a series of very narrow bars on side, not reaching dorsal midline. In front of dorsal-fin origin, a longitudinal series of small irregular blotches on each side of dorsal midline.

Figure 2. Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000.

2.2. Schistura hingi (Herre, 1934) (n = 64) Diagnosis The species identified here asSchistura hingi is distinguished from the other species of the genus in Vietnam by the combination of the following characters: 11 - 15 (mean 13) regular dark bars on body wider than interspaces; a complete black bar at caudal- fin base; predorsal back and belly densely covered with scales; lateral line complete; 8½ dorsal-fin rays; 9 + 8 branched caudal-fin rays; 8 pelvic rays; axillary pelvic lobe not reduced and not laterally fused with body; pelvic-fin origin below simple or first branched dorsal-fin ray; caudal peduncle 0.82 - 1.2 (mean 1.0) times longer than deep; lateral head length 103.6 – 115.4% HL (mean 110.6); median caudal-fin ray 71.8 - 83.2% HL (mean 76.6) of length of upper caudal-fin lobe; interorbital distance 31.2 – 37.7 % HL (mean 35.1); slender processus dentiformis and long barbels (outer rostral barbel 31.8 – 45.8 % HL (mean 38.0). (Figure 3, Table 1) Colour pattern Body yellowish-brown or grey, with 10 – 16 (mean 13) bars wider than interspaces, 2 – 4 (mean 3) predorsal, 2 – 3 dorsal and 3 – 6 postdorsal bars. Predorsal bars wider than postdorsal bars in most specimens. Some bars incomplete. Most bars meeting their homologues on back. Bars at anus and posterior to it usually meeting on ventral midline. Predorsal and dorsal parts of body not darker in adult specimens, and bars on anterior part of body remaining distinct in all adult specimens. Head dark brown with bright ventral side. No marbling or spots on head. A dark inner axial stripe faint and indistinct in most specimens, absent in life. A complete black bar at caudal-fin base, not reaching dorsal and ventral midlines. A black spot at base of simple and branched dorsal-fin rays 1-2, and another elongated dark marking at base of branched rays 4 - 8. A yellow spot at base of branched rays 2 - 3, sometimes embedded by surrounding dark marking. Dorsal-fin membranes hyaline, rays hyaline proximally with dark pigments. Caudal fin with hyaline membranes and dark rays. Some specimens with orange or red margins of upper and lower caudal-fin lobes. In small specimens, two vertical rows of spots on posterior half of caudal-fin rays. Other fins yellow or hyaline, with dark rays. Inner rostral barbel dark with white tips; outer rostral barbel dark grey and maxillary barbel whitish.

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Figure 3. Schistura hingi (Herre, 1934).

2.3. Schistura kottelati Tuan et al, 2015 (n = 28) Diagnosis Schistura kottelati is distinguished from the other species of genus Schistura known from Vietnam and adjacent basins in Laos by the unique combination of the following characters: lateral line incomplete, reaching vertical of dorsal fin. a short caudal peduncle and tapered length 12.8 - 16.9 % SL (mean 14.8), depth 1.2 - 1.7 times in its length), a large eye 4.7 - 6.2% SL (mean 5.47), a large interorbital width 9.1 - 11.7 % SL (mean 10.1). (Figure 4, Table 2) Table 2. Morphometric data of Schistura kottelati & Schistura pervagata. Morphometric data Schistura kottelati (n = 28) Schistura pervagata (n = 70) In percents of SL Mean Min Max SD Mean Min Max SD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total length 126.1 122.9 128.7 1.69 121.7 115.7 123.8 2.0 Dorsal head length (HL) 23.1 21.1 25.7 1.12 21.1 19.4 23.1 1.1 Lateral head length 26.9 25.2 28.8 0.96 23.3 21.5 25.0 1.0 Predorsal length 57.4 56.1 58.6 0.75 52.7 49.8 56.4 1.7 Pre-pelvic length 56.5 51.1 58.5 1.77 53.1 48.3 56.0 1.9 Pre-anus length 72.0 69.3 74.3 1.66 68.0 64.2 71.2 1.7 Preanal length 78.5 76.8 80.5 1.12 77.6 73.1 82.3 2.1 Head depth (at eye) 13.0 11.4 16.5 1.41 10.4 9.4 11.5 0.6 Head depth (at nape) 15.9 14.7 16.9 0.67 12.6 11.4 14.3 0.7 Body depth 17.5 16.4 18.9 0.75 16.5 14.3 18.6 1.2 Depth of caudal peduncle 10.8 8.0 11.7 0.88 13.5 11.8 16.1 1.0 Length of caudal pedun- 14.8 12.8 16.9 1.17 15.4 13.3 17.2 0.9 cle Snout length 9.5 8.3 10.2 0.59 10.5 9.3 11.7 0.7 Head width (at nares) 10.2 9.2 11.0 0.55 11.3 9.8 13.9 1.2 Maximum head width 17.6 16.6 19.1 0.61 14.7 13.2 17.1 0.9 Body width (dorsal 13.4 12.2 15.1 0.80 12.5 10.7 14.6 1.1 origin)

131 Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Table 2 (Continued)

Body width (anal origin) 8.7 7.8 9.9 0.60 7.9 5.9 9.6 1.1 Eye diameter 5.5 4.7 6.2 0.38 4.3 3.5 5.1 0.4 Interorbital width 10.1 9.1 11.7 0.64 7.0 5.6 8.6 0.8 Height of dorsal fin 19.1 17.3 21.5 1.24 20.0 17.3 22.3 1.2 Length of upper caudal lobe 25.1 23.2 28.5 1.34 21.9 20.0 24.4 1.2 Length of lower caudal lobe 24.4 22.2 26.3 1.31 22.1 19.5 23.9 1.1 Length of median caudal 16.8 14.8 19.0 1.26 17.3 15.8 19.2 1.1 rays Depth of anal fin 16.6 14.6 18.9 1.09 16.6 14.4 18.3 0.9 Length of pelvic fin 14.7 12.8 16.3 1.07 17.0 15.2 18.4 0.9 Length of pectoral fin 20.5 16.9 22.3 1.28 19.1 17.9 20.8 1.0 Barbel length 16.1 14.9 17.6 0.91 8.2 6.8 9.6 0.8 Lateral head length 116.5 110.7 123.7 4.36 110.4 103.7 117.8 3.0 Head depth (at eye) 56.5 49.1 70.9 6.99 49.4 44.3 53.0 2.4 Head depth (at nape) 69.0 61.9 75.2 3.49 59.8 54.6 66.5 2.7 Body depth 75.9 67.7 89.6 5.34 78.1 62.6 86.9 5.8 Snout length 41.4 35.3 45.9 5.53 49.6 45.6 54.6 2.6 Head width (at nares) 44.3 38.2 48.9 5.11 53.6 43.0 65.9 5.8 Maximum head width 76.4 70.3 84.0 3.68 69.6 59.7 75.8 4.6 Eye diameter 23.7 21.5 27.0 2.72 20.6 16.4 23.5 1.7 Interorbital width 43.9 35.4 49.0 4.10 33.4 25.1 38.6 3.6 Height of dorsal fin 82.7 73.4 94.2 5.20 94.9 86.7 104.9 5.3 Depth of anal fin 72.0 60.9 83.2 3.62 78.5 69.9 84.7 4.1 Length of pelvic fin 64.0 53.5 75.2 1.56 80.5 73.9 85.8 3.3 Length of pectoral fin 89.2 70.4 99.3 3.41 90.7 81.3 100.3 4.6 Barbel length 69.8 62.2 78.6 5.95 39.1 30.2 48.2 4.2

Colour pattern Freshly preserved specimens: body sides brownish, darker color on the dorsal side and lighter on belly. The color of specimen become white after a few days preserved in formalin. Dorsal midline covered by a quite thick and yellow stripe from posterior of head, via dorsal-fin base, to caudal-fin base. Head laterally somehow purplish without any kind of pigmentation or patterns. Caudal base with a thin and faint dark bar, thicker at upper and lower extremities, very weak in middle area and not reaching dorsal and ventral midlines. Fins hyaline , without pigments on rays and membranes. Juveniles: overall coloration as mature individuals but a series of dark blotches on flanks, varying in number (3 - 7) and shape. Particularly, in some juveniles, a chain of tiny black dots along lateral line and dorsal midline.

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Figure 4. Schistura kottelati Tuan et al, 2015.

2.4. Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000 (n = 70) Diagnosis Distinguished from all other species of the genus in Southeast Asia by the following combination of characters: lateral head length 21.3 – 25.0 % SL (mean 23.3); predorsal distance 49.8 - 56.4 % SL (mean 52.7); prepelvic distance 48.3 - 56.0 % SL (mean 53.1); body depth 14.3 - 18.6 % SL (mean 16.5); caudal peduncle length 13.3 – 17.2 % SL (mean 15.4); depth 11.8 – 16.1 % SL (mean 13.5); 0.82 - 1.42 (mean 1.15) times in length; no median notch or only very shallow notch in upper lip; a median incision in lower lip; no median notch in lower jaw; cheeks swollen in specimens larger than 70 mm SL. (Figure 5, Table 2) Colour pattern Top of head vermiculated. Body with 8 - 13 bars, as wide as or wider than interspaces, from quite regular to irregularly shaped and organised, but usually very few incomplete or branched bars. In predorsal area, bars either continuous across back, alternating or dissociated into small blotches. Black bar at caudal-fin base more or less complete, usually not reaching dorsal and ventral midlines, often with posterior projections at upper and lower extremities. Dorsal-fin base with black spot anteriorly, followed by a pale patch and a low, elongate grey blotch.

Figure 5. Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000.

Conclusion Analysis and identification of 248 specimens of genusSchistura McClelland, 1838 in the Gianh river basin from Vietnam. We have classified four species:Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000; Schistura hingi (Herre, 1934); Schistura kottelati Tuan et al, 2015; Schistura pervagata Kottelat, 2000. Which has species: Schistura finis Kottelat, 2000

133 Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Zoologia Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 3(327) 2015 Microbiologia şi Biotehnologia & Schistura kottelati Tuan et al, 2015 was first discovered in the in the Gianh river basin from Vietnam. References 1. Freyhof J., D.V. Serov. Nemacheiline loaches from Central Vietnam with descriptions of a new genus and 14 new species (: Balitoridae). //Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2001. 12 (2). p. 133 - 191. 2. Ho Anh Tuan, Hoang Ngoc Thao, Ngo Xuan Quang. Schistura kottelati, a new species of loach from Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park, central Vietnam (Teleostei: ). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. (Publishing). 3. Kottelat M. Indochinese nemacheilines. A revision of nemacheiline loaches (Pisces: Cypriniformes) of Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia and southern Viet Nam. Pfeil, München. 1990. p. 262. 4. Kottelat M. of the Nam Theun and Xe Bangfai basins, Laos, with diagnoses of twenty-two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Coiidae and Odontobutidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 1989. p. 1 - 128. 5. Kottelat M. Diagnoses of a new genus and 64 new species of fishes from Laos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Bagridae, Syngnathidae, Chaudhuriidae and Tetraodontidae). //Journal of South Asian Natural History. 2000. Vol. 5. p. 37 - 82. 6. Kottelat M. Freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam. A preliminary check-list ofthe fishes known or ex pected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature. World Bank, Washington, iii + 140 pp., 15 pls. 2001. 7. Kottelat M. Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications. Colombo. 2001. p. 198. 8. Kottelat M. Conspectus Cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement. 2012. Vol. 26. 1 - 199. 9. Kottelat M. & C. Leisher. Fishes from Phuong Hoang cave, northern Vietnam, with description of a new species of loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). //Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 2012. Vol. 23: 237 - 244. 10. Mai Dinh Yen. Identification of freshwater fishes of northern Viet Nam. Science & Technics Publishing House, Ha Noi. 1978. 339 pp. 11. Mai Thi Thanh Phuong, Nguyen Van Giang, Hoang Xuan Quang, Nguyen Huu Duc. Additional data to species composition of fishes in Gianh river, Quang Binh province. Agriculture Publishing House, Hanoi. 2011. p. 265 - 273. 12. Nguyen Thai Tu, Le Viet Thang, Nguyen Xuan Khoa. Fish fauna of Phong Nha - Ke Bang. Publishing House, Hanoi National University. 1999. p. 22 – 23 13. Nguyen Thai Tu, Ho Anh Tuan. Conservation of unique and valuable fish diversity in Phong Nha- Ke Bang Limestone Mountains. ARCBC Regional Research Grant Conference Bangkok. Thailand. 2003. 14. Nguyen Van Hao. Freshwater fishes of Vietnam. Agriculture Publishing House Hanoi. 2005. Vol. 2. p. 759. 15. Nguyen Xuan Khoa, Nguyen Huu Duc. A new species of genus Schistura from Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An province, Vietnam. //Journal of Biological. 2007. Vol. 29 No. 2. p. 17 - 21. 16. Ngo Sy Van, Pham Anh Tuan. Preliminary result the study fish fauna Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park Limestone. Agriculture Publishing House Hanoi. 2003. p. 573 - 583. 17. Prokofiev A. M. Morphological Classification of Loaches (Nemacheilinae). Pleiades Publishing. //Journal of Ichthyology. 2010. Vol. 50. No. 10.p. 827 - 913.

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