TABLES

2.1 Mortality Data for Nukuoro Born from 1890 to 1899 30 2.2 Life Table for Nukuoro Born from 1890 to 1899 33 2.3 Fertility Data for Nukuoro Women Born from 1890 to 1894 46 2.4 Birth Rates, by Age Interval, for Nukuoro Women Born from 1890 to 1894 48 2.5 Births to the Nukuoro Population, 1860-1960 51 3.1 Population of Islands and Island Groups, Santa Cruz Group, 1 November 1960 72 3.2 Population, by Sex, of Outer Reef Islands (Except Matema), 1944 and 1960 77 3.3 Population, by Sex, of Nupani Island, 1959 and 1960 78 3.4 Pileni De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Whether Present or Temporarily Absent, 13 June 1960 85 3.5 Pileni De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Marital Status, 13 June 1960 86 3.6 Number of Live Births and Living Children of Living Women, by Age of Women, Pileni De Jure Population, 13 June 1960 87 3.7 Nifiloli De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Whether Present or Temporarily Absent, 15 June 1960 88 3.8 Nifiloli De Jure Population by Age, Sex, and Marital Status, 15 June 1960 89 3.9 Number of Live Births and Living Children of Living Women, by Age of Women, Nifiloli De Jure Population, 15 June 1960 90 TABLES 3.10 Nukapu De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Whether Present or Temporarily Absent, 29 May 1960 3.11 Nukapu De Jure Population by Age, Sex, and Marital Status, 29 May 1960 3.12 Number of Live Births and Living Children of Living Women, by Age of Women, Nukapu De Jure Population, 29 May 1960 3.13 Matema De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Whether Present or Temporarily Absent, 11 August 1960 3.14 Matema De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Marital Status, 11 August 1960 3.15 Number of Live Births and Living Children of Living Women, by Age of Women, Matema De Jure Population, 11 August 1960 3.16 Nupani De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Whether Present or Temporarily Absent, 27 May 1960 3.17 Nupani De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Marital Status, 27 May 1960 3.18 Number of Live Births and Living Children of Living Women, by Age of Women, Nupani De Jure Population, 27 May 1960 3.19 Origin and Residence of Ever-Married Polynesian Speakers Residing in Polynesian-Speaking Communities of Outer Reef Islands on 11 August 1960 3.20 Adoptive Status of Unmarried Dependents, by Age, De Jure Population, Outer Reef Islands, 11 August 1960 3.21 Effects of Migration on the De Jure Populations of Polynesian-Speaking Communities, Outer Reef Islands, 1960 3.22 Population Indices for the Polynesian-Speaking Com- munities, Outer Reef Islands, 1960 4.1 Estimates of Population and Records of Significant Events for Etal Atoll, 1862-1908 4.2 Population of Etal Atoll as Reported by Various Official Sources in the Period 1925 to 1968 4.3 De Facto Population of Etal Atoll by Sex and Age, December 1930 and 1 October 1935 4.4 Births and Deaths, by Sex, for the Etal Citizen Population, 1948-1968 xii TABLES 4.5 Age at Death, by Age and Sex, for Members of the Etal Citizen Population, 1948 to 1 December 1968 134 4.6 Etal Citizen Population, by Age and Sex, 1948 and 1 December 1968 135 4.7 Marital Status of the Etal Citizen Population, by Age and Sex, 1 December 1968 137 4.8 Age at First Marriage for the Etal Citizen Population, by Sex, 1 December 1968 138 4.9 Etal Atoll Ethnic Population Alive on 1 December 1968, by Age, Sex, and Location 139 4.10 Reasons for Absence from Etal Atoll of the Oif-Island Population, by Sex, 1 December 1968 140 4.11 Etal Atoll Off-Island Population, by Sex and Location, 1 December 1968 141 4.12 Etal Atoll De Facto Population, March 1967 and 1 December 1968 142 4.13 Etal Ethnic Population Members Married to Aliens, by Sex and Place of Residence, 1 December 1968 143 4.14 Ethnic Identity of Aliens by Sex, at Time of Marriage to Members of the Etal Atoll Ethnic Population, 1 December 1968 144 4.15 Etal Atoll Land Resources, by Islet, Total Area, and Area of Breadfruit and Taro Cultivation, 1968 148 4.16 Estimated Yield and Consumption of Taro Plants on Etal Atoll, by Population Size of Atoll 149 4.17 Estimated Yield and Consumption of Coconuts on Etal Atoll, by Population Size of Atoll 149 5.1 Early Estimates of the Namoluk Population and Yearly Reports of the "Total Resident Population" of Namoluk during the U.S. Administration 167 5.2 De Facto Population of Namoluk Atoll, Various Dates 169 5.3 Births and Deaths, by Sex, for the Namoluk Citizen Population, 1945-1972 177 5.4 Namoluk Ethnic Population Alive on 1 January 1971, by Age, Sex, and Location 179 5.5 Off-Island Namoluk Ethnic Population, by Sex and Location, 1 January 1971 181 5.6 Reasons for Absence of Members of the Namoluk Ethnic Population Who Were Off Island on 1 January 1971 181 TABLES xiii

5.7 Dispersal of 'Namoluk Citizens', by Age, 22 July 1970-1 August 1971 182 5.8 Passengers between Namoluk Atoll and Other Islands, by Age, between 22 July 1970 and 1 August 1971 183 5.9 De Facto Population of Namoluk Atoll, by Age and Sex, 1 January 1970 184 5.10 De Facto Population of Namoluk Atoll, by Age and Sex, 1 January 1971 185 5.11 De Facto Population of Namoluk Atoll, by Age and Sex, December 1930 186 5.12 De Facto Population of Namoluk Atoll, by Age and Sex, 1 October 1935 186 5.13 Members of the Namoluk Ethnic Population Married to Aliens, by Sex and Place of Residence, 1 January 1971 187 5.14 Age at First Marriage for the Namoluk Citizen Population, 31 December 1972 188 5.15 Marital Status of the Namoluk Citizen Population, by Age and Sex, 31 December 1972 190 5.16 Marital Status of the Namoluk Atoll De Facto Population in December 1930 and on 1 October 1935, by Sex 192 5.17 Age at Death for the Namoluk Citizen Population, 1950 to 31 December 1972 193 5.18 Ethnic Identity of Aliens Ever Married to Members of the Namoluk Atoll Ethnic Population, from about 1850 to 31 December 1972 195 5.19 Ethnic Identity of Aliens Currently Married to Members of the Namoluk Atoll Living Ethnic Population, 31 December 1972 195 5.20 Children Ever Born, by Age of Mother (Namoluk Citizen Population), as of 31 December 1972 201 5.21 Age, at Birth of First Living Child, for Namoluk Women Alive on 30 June 1971 201 5.22 Age, at Birth of Last Living Child, for Namoluk Women Alive on 30 June 1971 and over Age 50 202 5.23 Number of Marriages of Women in Namoluk Citizen Population Alive on 31 December 1972 202 5.24 Number of Marriages of Men in Namoluk Citizen Population Alive on 31 December 1972 203 5.25 Number of Marriages and Number of Children Borne by TABLES Namoluk Women between about 1870 and 31 December 1972 204 6.1 Resident Population of Butaritari and Makin, by Date 214 6.2 Resident Population of the Villages of Butaritari 218 6.3 Resident Population of the Villages of Makin 221 6.4 Average Annual Growth Rate of the Resident Population of Makin, Various Periods 227 6.5 Births, by Sex, for Makin, 1911-1972 229 6.6 Deaths, by Sex, for Makin, 1911-1972 230 6.7 De Facto Makin Population, by Age, Sex, and Village, 1 June 1961 231 6.8 De Facto Makin Population, by Age, Sex, and Village, 1 February 1971 232 6.9 De Facto Makin Population, by Age, Sex, and Village, 1 August 1972 233 6.10 De Facto Makin Population, by Age, Sex, Origin, and Usual Place of Residence, 1 August 1972 234 6.11 Makin De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Whether Present or Temporarily Absent, 1 August 1972 235 6.12 Makin Women by Age and Number of Children Ever Borne, 1 February 1971 237 6.13 Location on 1 February 1971 of 1961 Residents of Makin 241 6.14 Location Abroad on 1 February 1971 of 1961 Residents of Makin 242 6.15 Previous Location of Persons Resident on Makin on 1 February 1971 243 6.16 Previous Location of Persons Who Came to Makin from Abroad between 1 June 1961 and 1 February 1971 244 6.17 Location on 1 August 1972 of 1971 Residents of Makin 245 6.18 Location Abroad on 1 August 1972 of 1971 Residents of Makin 246 6.19 Previous Location of Persons Resident on Makin, 1 August 1972 247 6.20 Previous Location of Persons Who Came to Makin from Abroad between 1 February 1971 and 1 August 1972 248 6.21 Indigenous Population Claiming Makin as Home Island, by Place on Which Enumerated and by Age and Sex, 5 December 1968 255 TABLES XV 6.22 Makin De Facto Population, by Sex and Origin of Parents, 1 June 1961 256 6.23 Makin De Facto Population, by Sex and Origin of Parents, 1 February 1971 257 6.24 Origin of Non-Butaritari and Non-Makin Parents of Makin Residents, 1 June 1961 258 6.25 Origin of Non-Butaritari and Non-Makin Parents of Makin Residents, 1 February 1971 259 6.26 Makin De Facto Population by Age, Sex, and Marital Status, 1 June 1961 265 6.27 Makin Households, by Village, 1947 and 1961 271 6.28 Makin Households, by Village, 1971 and 1972 272 6.29 Population of the Gilbert Islands, 1852 and 1905 274 7.1 The North-Central Polynesian Outlier Atolls: Physical Geography 290 7.2 Estimated Precontact Carrying Capacity of Ontong Java, Sikaiana, and Takuu, Compared with Historical Enu- merations of the Populations 297 7.3 Sikaiana De Facto Population, by Sex, as Reported by Government Sources and Visitors, 1847-1970 301 7.4 Sikaiana De Facto Population, by Sex and Age, 1847-1970 303 7.5 Honiara De Facto Population over Age 15 Who Are Migrants from the Polynesian Outer Islands of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate 307 7.6 Nukumanu De Facto Population, by Sex, as Reported by Government Sources and Visitors, 1870-1968 314 7.7 Nukumanu De Facto Population, by Sex and Age, 1909- 1940 316 7.8 Takuu De Facto Population, by Sex, as Reported by Government Sources and Visitors, 1884-1969 320 7.9 Takuu De Facto Population, by Sex and Age, 1896-1940 323 7.10 Nukuria De Facto Population, by Sex, as Reported by Government Sources and Visitors, 1884-1968 327 7.11 Nukuria De Facto Population, by Sex and Age Group, 1922-1940 328 7.12 Summary Statistics of the Demographic History of the North-Central Polynesian Outlier Atolls from Effective European Contact to 1870 332 xvi TABLES 8.1 Enumerations of the De Facto Population on Nukuoro Atoll, Various Dates 350 8.2 Composition of the Nukuoro De Facto Population in 1912 351 8.3 Average Annual Growth Rate of Nukuoro Population 354 8.4 Average Number of Live Births per Woman, by Birth Cohort of Woman, Nukuoro Jural Population, 15 March 1965 360 8.5 Number of Children Born to Each Woman, Nukuoro Jural Population, by Birth Cohort of Mother, 15 March 1965 362 8.6 Age at First Marriage, Ever-Married Women in Nukuoro Jural Population, by Birth Cohort, 15 March 1965 363 8.7 Age at First Childbirth, Mothers in Nukuoro Jural Popula- tion, by Birth Cohort of Mother, 15 March 1965 364 8.8 Nukuoro De Facto and Living Ethnic Population, Various Dates 370 8.9 Nukuoro De Facto Population, by Age Group and Sex, December 1930 373 8.10 Nukuoro De Facto Population, by Age Group and Sex, 1 October 1935 374 8.11 Composition of Nukuoro Jural Population, 15 March 1965 375 8.12 Births in the Nukuoro Ethnic Population, Selected Years 376 8.13 Deaths in the Nukuoro Ethnic Population, Selected Years 376 8.14 Adoptive Status of Nukuoro Jural Population, by Birth Cohort, 15 March 1965 377 8.15 Composition of Nukuoro Ethnic Population, 15 March 1965 378 8.16 Age at Death, Deceased Members of Nukuoro Ethnic Population, by Birth Cohort, 15 March 1965 379 8.17 Marital Status of Nukuoro De Facto Population in December 1930 and 1 October 1935 380 8.18 Marital Status of Nukuoro Living Jural Population, by Age and Sex, 15 March 1965 381 8.19 Husbands Per Woman, by Birth Cohort of Woman, Nukuoro Jural Population, 15 March 1965 382 8.20 Pregnancy and Marriage Status of Mothers in Nukuoro Ethnic Population, March 1965 382 8.21 Age at First Marriage, Ever-Married Men in Nukuoro Jural Population, by Birth Cohort, 15 March 1965 383 8.22 Location of Ethnic Nukuoro at Census Time, December 1930 384 TABLES xvii 8.23 Place of Birth (and of Registration) of Nukuoro De Facto Population, December 1930 385 8.24 Ethnicity of Persons Enumerated on Nukuoro, 1 October 1935 385 8.25 Location of Registered Nukuoro (Honseki Registration) at Census Time, 1 October 1935 385 8.26 Location of Nukuoro Ethnic Population Elsewhere than Nukuoro or Ponape, by Age and Sex, 15 March 1965 387 8.27 Reasons for Residence on Ponape of Nukuoro Living Ethnic Population on Ponape, by Age and Sex, 15 March 1965 388 8.28 Ethnic Status of Last Spouse, Ever-Married Members of Nukuoro Living Jural Population, by Age, Sex, and Location, 15 March 1965 389 8.29 Ethnic Status of Parents of Nukuoro Living Jural Popula- tion, by Age of Children, 15 March 1965 391 8.30 Ethnic Status of Nukuoro Known Population, by Genera- tion Level, 15 March 1965 398 8.31 Ethnic Status of Nukuoro Study Population, by Birth Cohort, 15 March 1965 400 8.32 Location of Nukuoro Reproducing Population, 15 March 1965 401 8.33 Nukuoro De Facto and De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Ethnic Status, 15 March 1965 402 8.34 Yearly Official Reports of the "Total Resident Population" of Nukuoro during the American Administration, 1948- 1971 405 8.35 Components of Growth of the Nukuoro Ethnic Population, 1878-1912 407 8.36 Cohort Fertility of Nukuoro Women 408 8.37 Mortality of Nukuoro Birth Cohorts 409 9.1 Population Estimates for Ontong Java 425 9.2 De Facto Population of Ontong Java, by Sex, 1921-1972 432 9.3 Characteristics of the Sample of Reproductive Histories from Ontong Java 440 9.4 Sex Ratios of All Conceptions, Miscarriages, Live Births, Deceased Offspring, and Live Offspring Recorded for a Sample of 110 Ontong Java Women in 1972 443 9.5 Mean Interval in Months between Successive Pregnancies and Successive Live Births, by Period in Which Event xviii TABLES Occurred, for a Simple Population of Ontong Java, 1921-1972 445 9.6 Mean Probability of Survival from Conception to Age 30, for the Offspring of Pre- and Postmenopausal Women, Luangiua, 1972 449 9.7 Mean Probability of Survival from Conception to Age 30, for the Offspring of Pre- and Postmenopausal Women, Pelau, 1972 449 9.8 Data for Estimating Effect of the Difference in Miscarriage and Infant Mortality Rates between Luangiua and Pelau in the Average Interpregnancy Interval 450 9.9 Number of Pregnancies per Woman, for Postmenopausal Women, Ontong Java, 1972 454 9.10 Number of Pregnancies per Woman, for Premenopausal Women over Age 30, Ontong Java, 1972 455 9.11 Number of Live Births per Woman, for Postmenopausal Women, Ontong Java, 1972 456 9.12 Number of Live Births per Woman, for Premenopausal Women over Age 30, Ontong Java, 1972 457 9.13 Number of Offspring Surviving to Reproductive Age (15 Years), for Women Completing Reproduction before 1957 and Interviewed on Ontong Java in July 1972 457 9.14 Mean Percent Probability of Survival from Birth to Age 30, for the Offspring of Ontong Java Women over Age 30, 1920-1972 458 9.15 Mean Percent Probability of Survival from Conception to Age 30, for the Offspring of Women over Age 30 in 1972, for Different Periods in Which the Event Occurred, Pelau, 1920-1972 460 9.16 Mean Percent Probability of Survival from Conception to Age 30, for the Offspring of Women over Age 30 in 1972, for Different Periods in Which the Event Occurred, Luangiua, 1920-1972 463 9.17 Ontong Java Population, by Age and Sex, 1928-1972 464 9.18 Population under Age 10 as Percentage of Total, Ontong Java, 1928-1972 465 9.19 Ontong Java De Jure Population, by Age, Sex, and Whether Present or Temporarily Absent, 3 July 1970 466 TABLES xix 9.20 Ontong Java Ethnic Population Residing at Home and Abroad, by Sex, as Reported by Government and Other Sources, Various Dates 468 9.21 Luangiua De Facto Ethnic Population, by Age, Sex, and Marital Status, 26 August 1972 469 9.22 Pelau De Facto Ethnic Population, by Sex, Age, and Marital Status, 26 August 1972 470