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A New Species of Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Melitidae) from an Anchialine Cave on the French Mediterranean Coast

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A New Species of Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Melitidae) from an Anchialine Cave on the French Mediterranean Coast A new species of Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Melitidae) from an anchialine cave on the French Mediterranean coast Franck BRÉHIER Alas, F-09800 Balaguères (France) [email protected] Damià JAUME Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), c/ Miquel Marquès 21, E-07190 Esporles (Mallorca) (Spain) [email protected] Bréhier F. & Jaume D. 2009. — A new species of Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Melitidae) from an anchialine cave on the French Mediterranean coast. Zoosystema 31 (1) : 17-32. ABSTRACT A new species of the stygobiont melitid amphipod genus Pseudoniphargus Chevreux, 1901 is described from an anchialine cave located on the inner shore of the Salses-Leucate coastal lagoon, on the French Mediterranean coast. Th e new species is distinguished from other members of the genus by the combined display of: 1) gnathopod II not sexually dimorphic, with short carpus; 2) outline of basis of pereopods V-VII sexually dimorphic, with both margins convex and with overhanging posterodistal lobe in male, whereas margins subparallel and posterodistal lobe present but not overhanging in female; 3) uropod I protopod KEY WORDS lacking basofacial robust seta; 4) protopod of uropod III sexually dimorphic, Crustacea, proportionaly more elongated in male; 5) exopod of male uropod III not Amphipoda, Gammaridea, strongly elongated (less than 12 times as long as wide), slightly upcurved and Melitidae, tapering; female exopod similar but shorter (about 8.8 times as long as wide); stygofauna, and 6) telson wider than long, with distal margin shallowly excavated and with France, mixohaline waters, two distal robust setae at each side. Th e relationships of this species are briefl y new species. discussed. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2009 • 31 (1) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com 17 Bréhier F. & Jaume D. RÉSUMÉ Une nouvelle espèce de Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Melitidae) d’une grotte anchialine de la côte méditerranéenne française. Un nouvel amphipode stygobionte du genre Pseudoniphargus Chevreux, 1901 (Amphipoda, Melitidae) est décrit d’une cavité anchialine située en bordure de l’étang de Salses-Leucate, sur la côte méditerranéenne française (Leucate, Aude, France). Cette nouvelle espèce se distingue de ses congénères par l’ensemble des caractères suivants : 1) gnathopode II sans dimorphisme sexuel, à carpus court ; 2) basis des péreopodes V à VII à dimorphisme sexuel, avec les marges convexes et le lobe postero-distal bien marqué chez le mâle, alors que les marges sont subparallèles et le lobe postero-distal présent mais peu marqué chez la femelle ; 3) absence de soie robuste basofaciale sur le protopode de l’uropode I ; MOTS CLÉS 4) protopode de l’uropode III à dimorphisme sexuel, proportionnellement plus Crustacea, allongé chez le mâle ; 5) exopode de l’uropode III du mâle ne présentant pas Amphipoda, Gammaridea, de forte élongation (moins de 12 fois plus long que large), légèrement incurvé Melitidae, et effi lé ; exopode de la femelle similaire mais plus court (8,8 fois plus long stygofaune, que large) ; et 6) telson plus large que long, à marge distale peu profondément France, eaux mixohalines, creusée, possédant deux soies robustes distales de part et d’autre. Les parentés espèce nouvelle. de cette espèce sont brièvement discutées. INTRODUCTION the type locality of the cyclopoid copepod Halicyclops troglodytes Kiefer, 1954, and harbours also one of the Th e inland groundwaters of the French Mediter- two known populations of the recently described ranean arc are home to a diverse assemblage of atyid shrimp Typhlatya arfeae Jaume & Bréhier, 2005 thalassoid crustaceans, including cirolanid and (Kiefer 1954; Jaume & Bréhier 2005). In addition, microparasellid isopods, gammarid, salentinellid the cave is inhabited by the stygobiont amphipods and ingolfi ellid amphipods, thermosbaenaceans, Niphargus angelieri Ruff o, 1954 and N. delamarei decapods, and cyclopoid copepods (Table 1; see Ruff o, 1954, plus several epigean species from the Botosaneanu 1986, and references therein; Wagner nearby Salses-Leucate coastal lagoon (viz. the cala- 1994; Jaume & Bréhier 2005). With regard to noid copepod Calanipeda aquaedulcis Kritschagin, melitid amphipods, one of the most character- 1873, the cyclopoid copepod Diacyclops bicuspida- istic thalassoid lineages in inland groundwaters tus odessanus (Schmankevitch, 1875), and the eel elsewhere, no records were known thus far from Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)). the region, although Pseudoniphargus adriaticus S. Together with Font Estramar (Salses-le-Château), Karaman, 1955, a widely distributed stygobiont Aven Station (Fleury), Font Caude (Gruissan), and Mediterranean marine/euryhaline species, has been few other anchialine caves from Aude and Pyrénées- collected repeatedly at marine interstitial stations Orientales not yet sampled, Grotte des Fées de Leu- from Banyuls (Pyrénées-Orientales) to Le Brusc cate represents an original habitat which has proved (Var) (Stock 1980). to harbour a peculiar fauna not present anywhere Here we report the discovery of a new species of else. Even though the cave was sampled repeatedly Pseudoniphargus Chevreux, 1901 from an anchialine between April 2003 and June 2005, Pseudoniphargus cave located on the inner margin of the coastal lagoon leucatensis n. sp. appeared there only once, and only of Salses-Leucate (Aude). Th e cave, Grotte des Fées fi ve specimens were found. Furthermore, searches of de Leucate, is a classical stygofaunal site representing other anchialine (viz. Font Estramar, Aven Station, 18 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2009 • 31 (1) New French anchialine Pseudoniphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) TABLE 1. — Checklist of stygobiont thalassoid crustaceans from southern France. Order, family Species Amphipoda Gammaridae Latreille, 1802 Rhipidogammarus rhipidiophorus (Catta, 1878) Salentinellidae Bousfi eld, 1977 Parasalentinella rouchi Bou, 1971 Salentinella delamarei delamarei Coineau, 1962 S. delamarei macrocheles Coineau, 1967 S. gineti Balazuc, 1957 S. petiti Coineau, 1968 Ingolfi ellidae Hansen, 1903 Ingolfi ella catalanensis Coineau, 1963 I. thibaudi Coineau, 1968 Isopoda Cirolanidae Dana, 1852 Faucheria faucheri (Dollfus & Viré, 1900) Sphaeromides raymondi Dollfus, 1897 Microparasellidae S. Karaman, 1933 Angeliera phreaticola Chappuis & Delamare, 1952 Microcharon angelieri Coineau, 1963 M. doueti Coineau, 1968 M. juberthiei ramosus Coineau, 1968 Thermosbaenacea Limnosbaena sp. Decapoda Troglocaris inermis Fage, 1937 Typhlatya arfeae Jaume & Bréhier, 2005 Copepoda Halicyclops troglodytes Kiefer, 1954 N La Franqui Leucate village Grotte des Fées de Leucate Port Leucate Salses-le- Étang de Château Salses-Leucate Grau St Ange Mediterranean Le Barcarès sea FRANCE SPAIN L’Agly (river) 2 km FIG. 1. — Location of Grotte des Fées de Leucate (Leucate, Aude, France). ZOOSYSTEMA • 2009 • 31 (1) 19 Bréhier F. & Jaume D. entrance 3 entrance 5 entrance 4 entrance 1 entrance 2 lagoon 0 ? 025 50 m –34 m FIG. 2. — Profi le of Grotte des Fées de Leucate (Leucate, Aude, France). Survey: F. Bréhier, D. Gramont and G. Tixier. Font Caude) and freshwater caves in the same area and urosomites, and exclude telson length. Material is have not rendered additional specimens. deposited in the Crustacea collection of the Muséum Th e new species described herein, together with national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). Pseudoniphargus adriaticus, are the only members of Following Boxshall (2004), a distinction is made the genus reported to occur in metropolitan France. in antennules and antennae between articles (cor- Nevertheless, Notenboom (1988: 165) mentions the responding to subdivisions of true segments by the presence of the genus in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques formation of annuli, each lacking intrinsic muscu- (SW France), but without giving the species. lature) and proper segments (displaying intrinsic musculature). Th e so-called (medial and lateral) lobes and palp displayed by the amphipod maxil- MATERIAL AND METHODS lule are identifi ed as coxal and basal endites, and as endopod, respectively, on the basis of comparison Th e specimens were collected with baited traps set in with the basic pattern exhibited in malacostracan the deepest submerged passages of the cave for 48 h crustaceans, where this limb is biramous and com- using specialised cave diving techniques. Salinity prises protopod with coxa and basis, each with and temperature profi les of the water column were single endite, an up to 3-segmented endopod, and produced with a SEABIRD SBE19 CTD oceano- an unsegmented exopod (see Boxshall 1997). With graphic profi ler programmed to take readings every regard to the segmentation of the maxilliped, it is 0.5 s. Th e descent of the profi ler was controlled to homologised with that of the pereopods, with the a rate of c. 10 cm/s with the profi ler kept in front so-called palp corresponding to the merus-dactylus of the diver to avoid disturbing the water column. portion, whereas the inner and outer lobes are iden- Specimens were fi xed in the fi eld in 70% ethanol and tifi ed as basal and ischial endites, respectively. Th e treated in the laboratory with lactic acid to remove term “spine” in descriptions is restricted for rigid internal tissues to facilitate observation. Drawings armature elements with a hollow central core that were prepared using a camera lucida on Olympus do not articulate basally to the body integument. BH2 and Leica DM 2500 microscopes equipped with Nomarski diff erential interference
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