DOCSLIB.ORG

A Preliminary Report of the Fossil Mammals from a New Microvertebrate Locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Preliminary Report of the Fossil Mammals from a New Microvertebrate Locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association ISSN 2380-7601 Volume 5 2018 A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE FOSSIL MAMMALS FROM A NEW MICROVERTEBRATE LOCALITY IN THE UPPER JURASSIC MORRISON FORMATION, GRAND COUNTY, UTAH Brian M. Davis, Richard L. Cifelli, and Guillermo W. Rougier Theme Issue An Ecosystem We Thought We Knew— The Emerging Complexities of the Morrison Formation SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY Annual Meeting, October 26 – 29, 2016 Grand America Hotel Salt Lake City, Utah, USA © 2018 Utah Geological Association. All rights reserved. For permission to copy and distribute, see the following page or visit the UGA website at www.utahgeology.org for information. Email inquiries to [email protected]. GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association ISSN 2380-7601 Volume 5 2018 Editors UGA Board Douglas A. Sprinkel Thomas C. Chidsey, Jr. 2018 President Paul Inkenbrandt [email protected] 801.537.3361 Utah Geological Survey Utah Geological Survey 2018 President-Elect Peter Nielsen [email protected] 801.537.3359 801.391.1977 801.537.3364 2018 Program Chair Emily McDermott [email protected] 801.537.3389 [email protected] [email protected] 2018 Treasurer Zach Anderson [email protected] 801.538.4779 2018 Secretary Christopher Kravits [email protected] Bart J. Kowallis Steven Schamel 2018 Past President Bill Loughlin [email protected] 435.649.4005 Brigham Young University GeoX Consulting, Inc. 801.422.2467 801.583-1146 UGA Committees [email protected] [email protected] Education/Scholarship Loren Morton [email protected] 801.536.4262 Environmental Affairs Craig Eaton [email protected] 801.633.9396 Geologic Road Sign Terry Massoth [email protected] 801.541.6258 Historian Paul Anderson [email protected] 801.364.6613 Membership Rick Ford [email protected] 801.626.6942 Public Education Paul Jewell [email protected] 801.581.6636 Matt Affolter [email protected] Publications Roger Bon [email protected] 801.942.0533 Publicity Paul Inkenbrandt [email protected] 801.537.3361 Social/Recreation Roger Bon [email protected] 801.942.0533 Society of Vertebrate Paleontology AAPG House of Delegates Editors 2017–2020 Term Tom Chidsey [email protected] 801.537.3364 Kelli C. Trujillo — University of Wyoming John Foster — Museum of Moab State Mapping Advisory Committe Cary Woodruff — University of Toronto UGA Representative Jason Blake [email protected] 435.658.3423 Octavio Mateus — Universidade Nova de Lisboa Earthquake Safety Committe Production Chair Grant Willis [email protected] 801.537.3355 Cover Design and Desktop Publishing Douglas A. Sprinkel UGA Website www.utahgeology.org Cover Small vertebrate fossils wrapped for transport, Cisco Webmasters Paul Inkenbrandt [email protected] 801.537.3361 Lance Weaver [email protected] 801.403.1636 Mammal Quarry, Upper Jurassic Morrison Forma- tion, Grand County, Utah. UGA Newsletter Newsletter Editor Bob Biek [email protected] 801.537.3356 Become a member of the UGA to help support the work of the Association and receive notices for monthly meetings, annual field conferences, and new publi- cations. Annual membership is $20 and annual student membership is only $5. Visit the UGA website at www.utahgeology.org for information and membership application. This is an open-access article in which the Utah The UGA board is elected annually by a voting process through UGA members. Geological Association permits unrestricted use, However, the UGA is a volunteer-driven organization, and we welcome your distribution, and reproduction of text and figures that voluntary service. If you would like to participate please contact the current are not noted as copyrighted, provided the original president or committee member corresponding with the area in which you would author and source are credited. like to volunteer. Utah Geological Association formed in 1970 from a merger of the Utah Geological Society, founded in 1946, and the Intermountain Association of Geologists, founded in 1949. Affiliated with the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. i GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association Volume 5 2018 A Preliminary Report of the Fossil Mammals From a New Microvertebrate Locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah Brian M. Davis1,2, Richard L. Cifelli2, and Guillermo W. Rougier1 1Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202; [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave., Norman, OK, 73072; [email protected] ABSTRACT The first Mesozoic mammals in North America were discovered in the Morrison Formation during the closing decades of the 19th century, as by-products of dinosaurs quarried by teams led by O.C. Marsh. These tiny fossils served as foundational specimens for our understanding of Mesozoic mammal evolution. There are now nearly 25 mammal-bearing localities known from the Morrison Formation, distributed across the West- ern Interior from the Black Hills to southern Colorado and west into Utah; the most historically important of these are in Wyoming (e.g., Como Quarry 9). Most Morrison mammals are known by jaws or jaw fragments, and several important Mesozoic groups (e.g., docodonts, dryolestoids, and to a large extent triconodonts and symmetrodonts) were established based on Morrison material, shaping the perception of mammalian diversity on a global scale. Despite heavy sampling of coeval sites elsewhere, the Morrison remains the most systematically diverse (at high taxonomic levels) assemblage of Jurassic mammals in the world. Here, we describe two mammalian specimens and highlight other remains yet to be fully identified from a new microvertebrate locality in the Morrison Formation of eastern Grand County, Utah. The site is positioned low in the Brushy Basin Member and is similar in lithology and stratigraphic level to the famous small vertebrate localities of the Fruita Paleontological Area, located less than 50 km to the northeast. In ad- dition to small archosaurs and squamates, limited excavation to date has yielded at least 20 mammalian spec- imens representing a minimum of six taxa, several of which are new and quite different from typical Morrison taxa. Preservation is generally excellent and includes partially articulated cranial and postcranial elements of small vertebrates. This new site has great potential to contribute new taxa and more complete morphological data than typical Morrison localities, underscoring the importance of continued field work in the Morrison. INTRODUCTION 2004), making it the most diverse Jurassic assemblage in the world and among the most diverse in the Mesozoic. The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation has yielded Several factors were likely at play in generating this im- one of the most influential mammal assemblages world- pressive record: (1) intense study of the Morrison For- wide. At least 40 taxa are currently described from 20+ mation began in the 1870s (Marsh, 1878; Osborn, 1888; localities (Foster, 2003; Kielan-Jaworowska and others, see summary in Simpson, 1929), and (2) the unit has Citation for this article. Davis, B.M., Cifelli, R.L., and Rougier, G.W., 2018, A preliminary report of the fossil mammals from a new microvertebrate locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah: Geology of the Intermountain West, v. 5, p. 1–8. © 2018 Utah Geological Association. All rights reserved. For permission to use, copy, or distribute see the preceeding page or the UGA website, www.utahgeology.org, for information. Email inquiries to [email protected]. 1 A Preliminary Report of the Fossil Mammals from a New Microvertebrate Locality in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Grand County, Utah Davis, B.M., Cifelli, R.L., and Rougier, G.W. a vast latitudinal range, with exposures across much of only from the FPA, highlighting unrecognized diver- the Western Interior. This geographic expanse, coupled sity and rich potential of continued exploration in the with as much as 7 Ma of depositional time (Trujillo and Morrison Formation. Our ongoing work at the CMQ is Kowallis, 2015), suggest that localities in the Morrison certain to increase the already high mammalian diver- possibly represent a wide range of paleoenvironments sity, provide evidence on intraformational geographical of slightly different ages. and temporal faunal variation, and produce further re- Typical Morrison mammal localities (e.g., Como finement of our understanding of the Morrison Jurassic Quarry 9 at Como Bluff, Wyoming) are characterized ecosystem, the standard against which any other Juras- by variations of a standard assemblage of taxa, known sic fauna is to be compared. mainly by jaws and jaw fragments: the mammaliaform Docodon, plagiaulacidan-grade multituberculate mam- INSTITUTIONAL ABBREVIATIONS mals, triconodontids, tinodontid “symmetrodonts,” and various dryolestoids (see Kielan-Jaworowska and oth- DINO = Dinosaur National Monument, Jensen, ers, 2004). Mammal assemblages vary across the extent Utah; OMNH = Oklahoma Museum of Natural Histo- of the Morrison Formation; this has been studied in de- ry, Norman, Oklahoma YPM = Yale Peabody Museum, tail (Foster, 2001, 2003; Foster and others, 2006) using New Haven, Connecticut. taphonomy and the distribution of Docodon, which is abundant
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reptile-Like Physiology in Early Jurassic Stem-Mammals
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/785360; this version posted October 10, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Title: Reptile-like physiology in Early Jurassic stem-mammals Authors: Elis Newham1*, Pamela G. Gill2,3*, Philippa Brewer3, Michael J. Benton2, Vincent Fernandez4,5, Neil J. Gostling6, David Haberthür7, Jukka Jernvall8, Tuomas Kankanpää9, Aki 5 Kallonen10, Charles Navarro2, Alexandra Pacureanu5, Berit Zeller-Plumhoff11, Kelly Richards12, Kate Robson-Brown13, Philipp Schneider14, Heikki Suhonen10, Paul Tafforeau5, Katherine Williams14, & Ian J. Corfe8*. Affiliations: 10 1School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 2School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 3Earth Science Department, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. 4Core Research Laboratories, The Natural History Museum, London, UK. 5European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France. 15 6School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 7Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 8Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 9Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 10Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 20 11Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material-und Küstenforschung GmbH Germany. 12Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/785360; this version posted October 10, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 13Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. 14Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • A Non-Mammaliaform Cynodont from the Upper Triassic of South Africa: a Therapsid Lazarus Taxon?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wits Institutional Repository on DSPACE A non-mammaliaform cynodont from the Upper Triassic of South Africa: a therapsid Lazarus taxon? Fernando Abdala1*, Ross Damiani2, Adam Yates1 & Johann Neveling3 1Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 South Africa 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191, Stuttgart, Germany 3Council for Geoscience, Private Bag X112, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Received 20 January 2006. Accepted 10 January 2007 The tetrapod record of the ‘Stormberg Group’, including the Lower Elliot Formation, in the South African Karoo is widely dominated by archosaurian reptiles, contrasting with the therapsid dominion of the subjacent Beaufort Group. The only therapsids represented by skeletal remains in the Upper Triassic Lower Elliot Formation are the large traversodontid cynodont Scalenodontoides macrodontes and the recently described tritheledontid cynodont Elliotherium kersteni. Here we present a fragmentary lower jaw that provides evidence of a third type of cynodont for the Upper Triassic of South Africa. The fossil is tentatively assigned to the Diademodontidae. The latter representative of this family is known from the Late Anisian, and its tentative record in the Norian Lower Elliot Formation, if confirmed, will represent a case of Lazarus taxon. Thus, Diademodontidae apparently disappeared from the fossil record by the end of the Anisian and then reappeared in the Norian of South Africa, a stratigraphic interval of some 21 million years. This new cynodont record, together with the recently described Tritheledontidae, show that cynodonts are now the second most diverse tetrapod group in the Lower Elliot fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Osteohistology of Late Triassic Prozostrodontian Cynodonts from Brazil
    Osteohistology of Late Triassic prozostrodontian cynodonts from Brazil Jennifer Botha-Brink1,2, Marina Bento Soares3 and Agustín G. Martinelli3 1 Department of Karoo Palaeontology, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa 2 Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa 3 Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil ABSTRACT The Prozostrodontia includes a group of Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous eucynodonts plus the clade Mammaliaformes, in which Mammalia is nested. Analysing their growth patterns is thus important for understanding the evolution of mammalian life histories. Obtaining material for osteohistological analysis is difficult due to the rare and delicate nature of most of the prozostrodontian taxa, much of which comprises mostly of crania or sometimes even only teeth. Here we present a rare opportunity to observe the osteohistology of several postcranial elements of the basal prozostrodontid Prozostrodon brasiliensis, the tritheledontid Irajatherium hernandezi, and the brasilodontids Brasilodon quadrangularis and Brasilitherium riograndensis from the Late Triassic of Brazil (Santa Maria Supersequence). Prozostrodon and Irajatherium reveal similar growth patterns of rapid early growth with annual interruptions later in ontogeny. These interruptions are associated with wide zones of slow growing bone tissue. Brasilodon and Brasilitherium exhibit a mixture of woven-fibered bone tissue and slower growing parallel-fibered and lamellar bone. The slower growing bone tissues are present even during early ontogeny. The relatively slower growth in Brasilodon and Brasilitherium may be related to their small body size compared to Prozostrodon and Irajatherium. These brasilodontids also exhibit osteohistological similarities with the Late Triassic/Early Jurassic mammaliaform Morganucodon and the Late Cretaceous multituberculate mammals Kryptobaatar and Nemegtbaatar.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Mammaliaform from the Early Jurassic and Evolution Of
    R EPORTS tary trough with a shelflike dorsal medial ridge, and all other nonmammalian mamma- A New Mammaliaform from the liaforms have a medial concavity on the man- dibular angle (8–14, 23), as in nonmamma- Early Jurassic and Evolution of liaform cynodonts (9, 14, 24–27). The post- dentary trough and the medial concavity on Mammalian Characteristics the mandibular angle respectively accommo- dated the prearticular/surangular and the re- Zhe-Xi Luo,1* Alfred W. Crompton,2 Ai-Lin Sun3 flected lamina of the angular (9, 25–27) that are the homologs to the mammalian middle A fossil from the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian, ϳ195 million years ago) represents ear bones (9, 14, 16–21, 23, 26). The absence a new lineage of mammaliaforms, the extinct groups more closely related to of these structures indicates that the postden- the living mammals than to nonmammaliaform cynodonts. It has an enlarged tary bones (“middle ear ossicles”) must have cranial cavity, but no postdentary trough on the mandible, indicating separation been separated from the mandible (Fig. 3). of the middle ear bones from the mandible. This extends the earliest record of Hadrocodium lacks the primitive meckelian these crucial mammalian features by some 45 million years and suggests that sulcus of the mandible typical of all nonmam- separation of the middle ear bones from the mandible and the expanded brain maliaform cynodonts (24–27), stem groups vault could be correlated. It shows that several key mammalian evolutionary of mammaliaforms (8, 9, 14, 23, 26, 27), innovations in the ear region, the temporomandibular joint, and the brain vault triconodontids (28, 29), and nontribosphenic evolved incrementally through mammaliaform evolution and long before the therian mammals (30).
    [Show full text]
  • Does the Jurassic Agilodocodon (Mammaliaformes, Docodonta) Have Any Exudativorous Dental Features?
    DOES THE JURASSIC AGILODOCODON (MAMMALIAFORMES, DOCODONTA) HAVE ANY EXUDATIVOROUS DENTAL FEATURES? JOHN R. WIBLE and ANNE M. BURROWS Wible, J.R. and Burrows, A.M. 2016. Does the Jurassic Agilodocodon (Mammaliaformes, Docodonta) have any exudativorous dental features? Palaeontologia Polonica 67, 289–299. Obligate exudativory, including active wounding of bark to acquire gum and/or sap, is rare among extant mammals and does not show a consistent dental signature. A recently de- scribed Middle Jurassic docodont Agilodocodon was reconstructed as an exudativore based on proposed similarities of its lower anterior dentition to some extant New World monkeys, specifically marmosets, spider monkeys, and howler monkeys. Oddly enough, of these, only marmosets are exudate-feeders. In our reinvestigation, we did not find any significant resemblance in the lower (and upper) anterior dentition between the Middle Jurassic fossil and these extant New World monkeys. The marmosets, the only obligate platyrrhine exuda- tivores, have lower and upper incisors that are distinguished from Agilodocodon and other New World monkeys by having enamel restricted to the labial surface. Differential wear between the enamel and softer dentine maintains a chisel-like tooth that marmosets use in gouging bark. Additional comparisons of the anterior dentition of Agilodocodon and other extant mammals were conducted. The lower and upper anterior teeth of Agilodocodon were found to be most similar to some elephant shrews and South American marsupials, which have a primarily insectivorous diet. Agilodocodon does not show any dental adaptations found in extant mammals for exudativory. Key words: Docodonta, Agilodocodon, marmosets, exudativory, incisors, gums. John R. Wible [[email protected]], Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 5800 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleobiology of Jurassic Mammals. George Gaylord Simpson
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Palaeobiologica Jahr/Year: 1933 Band/Volume: 5 Autor(en)/Author(s): Simpson George Gaylord Artikel/Article: Paleobiology of Jurassic Mammals. 127-158 P aleobiology o f J u r a ss ic M a m m a l s . By George Gaylord S im pson (New York). With 6 figures. Pag. Introduction . 127 Occlusion, food habits, and dental evolution 128 Multituberculata 133 Triconodonta 133 Symmetrodonta 137 Pantotheria 139 Environments and ecology 145 Stonesfield 146 Purbeck 147 Morrison 150 Conclusions 155 References 158 Introduction. Of the numerous problems relating to the rise of the Mammalia, some of the most important are paleobiological in nature. True understanding of the early history of mammals involves not only knowledge of their morphology, but also some conception of the conditions under which they lived, of their habits, and of their place in the Mesozoic faunas. Such a study involves three related lines of inquiry: first, the habits of the mammals themselves, so far as these can be inferred from their imperfect remains; second, the nature of the environ­ ment in which they lived; and third, their ecological relationships to the accompanying biota. This is almost a virgin field for research. The habits of a single group, the Multituberculata, have been dis­ cussed at some length by various students, and will be only briefly mentioned here, but the three other orders have not been studied from a paleobiological point of view. The four Jurassic orders, Multituberculata, Triconodonta, Symmetrodonta, and Pantotheria, PALAEOBIOLOGICA, Band V.
    [Show full text]
  • Parental Care Or Opportunism in South African Triassic Cynodonts?
    Parental care or opportunism in South African AUTHOR: Triassic cynodonts? Julien Benoit1 AFFILIATION: In a paper published in Nature in 2018, Hoffman and Rowe1 describe the discovery of an adult tritylodontid cynodont, 1Evolutionary Studies Institute, Kayentatherium, from the Jurassic of the Kayenta Formation (Arizona, USA), accompanied by at least 38 perinatal School of Geosciences, University juveniles, all at the same very early stage of development. Such a high number of juveniles in one clutch is found of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, only in a handful of oviparous reptiles, and never in viviparous or ovoviviparous species1, suggesting that these South Africa cynodonts laid eggs. As tritylodontids are amongst the closest relatives to Mammaliaformes, and sometimes even reconstructed as their sister clade2, this textbook changing discovery implies that all non-mammaliaform CORRESPONDENCE TO: synapsids had an essentially reptilian-like reproductive biology1. Julien Benoit Hoffman and Rowe’s1 discovery forces a reappraisal of the interpretation of the rich fossil record of parental care EMAIL: in South African non-mammaliaform cynodonts3. [email protected] First, the implications of Hoffman and Rowe’s1 discovery for the evolution of parental care and lactation need to be discussed. With at least 38 hatchlings to feed, it can be safely assumed that lactation was not the main source of HOW TO CITE: Benoit J. Parental care or nutrients in Kayentatherium neonates (nor, by extension, in all more basal non-mammaliaform synapsids). Instead, opportunism in South African perinatal juveniles of Kayentatherium already had functional teeth despite their early age, which (1) impedes Triassic cynodonts? S Afr J Sci.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin and Relationships of the Ictidosauria to Non-Mammalian
    Historical Biology An International Journal of Paleobiology ISSN: 0891-2963 (Print) 1029-2381 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ghbi20 Origin and relationships of the Ictidosauria to non- mammalian cynodonts and mammals José F. Bonaparte & A. W. Crompton To cite this article: José F. Bonaparte & A. W. Crompton (2017): Origin and relationships of the Ictidosauria to non-mammalian cynodonts and mammals, Historical Biology, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2017.1329911 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1329911 Published online: 23 Jun 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 53 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ghbi20 Download by: [Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory] Date: 06 November 2017, At: 13:06 HISTORICAL BIOLOGY, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1329911 Origin and relationships of the Ictidosauria to non-mammalian cynodonts and mammals José F. Bonapartea and A. W. Cromptonb aMuseo Municipal de C. Naturales “C. Ameghino”, Mercedes, Argentina; bMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Ictidosaurian genera are allocated to two families, Tritheledontidae and Therioherpetidae. This paper Received 19 December 2016 provides a diagnosis for Ictidosauria. The previously named family Brasilodontidae is shown to be a Accepted 30 April 2017 junior synonym of a family, Therioherpetidae. It is concluded that Ictidosauria originated from Late KEYWORDS Permian procynosuchid non-mammalian cynodonts rather than from Middle Triassic probainognathid Mammalian origins; non-mammalian cynodonts. The structure of the skull and jaws of a derived traversodontid Ischignathus Ictidosauria; Tritylodontia; sudamericanus from the early Late Triassic of Argentina supports an earlier view that tritylodontids are Brasilitherium more closely related to traversodontid than probainognathid non-mammalian cynodonts.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalian Fauna of the Late Jurassic Guimarota Ecosystem
    Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. Publicación Especial 7 ISSN 0328-347X VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems: 123-126. Buenos Aires, 30-6-2001 MaMMalian fauna of the Late Jurassic Guimarota ecoSyStem Thomas MARTIN1 Abstract. The Late Jurassic (Kirnmeridgian) Guimarota loca lit y near Leiria in west-central Portugal has yielded more than 800 mammalian dentaries and partial skulls representing the largest sample of Late Jurassic mammals in the world. However, despite the enormous number of specimens collected, the mam- malian fauna appears somewhat depauperate. So far, only Multituberculata (several genera of Paulchoffatiidae; 28% of total number), Docodonta (Halda nadan exspectaius Kühne and Krusat; 24%), and Holotheria (48%) represented by Paurodontidae (Henkelatherium guimaratae Krebs and Drescheratherium acutum Krebs) and Dryolestidae (Dryalestes leiriensis Martín, Krebsoiherium Iusiianicum Martin, and Guimaroiodus inflatus Martin) have been detected. "Triconodonta" and Syrnmetrodonta, which are well represented at other Late Jurassic localities (e.g., Morrison Forrnation), are missing. To recover the rare mammalian taxa of the Guimarota ecosystem, a project was initiated to study the nearly 7000 isolated mammalian teeth that had been obtained by screenwashing. With a single exception, the same taxa are represented. Among the thousands of isolated teeth, however, 25 lower and 23 upper premolars and mo- lars of a tiny primitive Zatheria have been found, of which the lower molars closely resemble the "Porto Pinheiro molar". After sorting the isolated teeth, the mammalian fauna of the Guimarota ecosystem prob- ably is completely recorded. Apparently, the coastal swamp in the Lusitanian graben where the lignite formed represented a stressed environment not appropriate for some marnmalian groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of the Microvertebrate Fauna of the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, Southern England
    ASPECTS OF THE MICROVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE EARLY CRETACEOUS (BARREMIAN) WESSEX FORMATION OF THE ISLE OF WIGHT, SOUTHERN ENGLAND By STEVEN CHARLES SWEETMAN M.A. (Oxon.) 1980 F.G.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Portsmouth School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, U.K. April, 2007 0 Disclaimer Whilst registered for this degree, I have not registered for any other award. No part of this work has been submitted for any other academic award. 1 Acknowledgements At inception of this project there was a significant risk that the Wessex Formation would not yield a microvertebrate fauna. I would, therefore, like to express special thanks to Dave Martill (University of Portsmouth) for his initial support and for securing the research scholarship which made this study possible. I would also like to thank him for his supervision, generous support, encouragement and advice thereafter. Special thanks also to Susan Evans (UCL) for her enthusiastic help and advice on all matters relating to microvertebrates in general, and lizards in particular, and to Jerry Hooker (NHM) for everything relating to mammals; also to Brian Gasson for his support in the field and for the generous donation of many exceptional specimens from his private collection. The broad scope of this study has engendered the help, support and advice of many others and I am grateful to all. At the University
    [Show full text]
  • Molar Dentition of the Docodontan Haldanodon (Mammaliaformes) As Functional Analog to Tribosphenic Teeth
    Molar dentition of the docodontan Haldanodon (Mammaliaformes) as functional analog to tribosphenic teeth DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorgelegt von JANKA J. BRINKKÖTTER aus Berlin Bonn 2018 I Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Martin 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. P. Martin Sander Tag der Promotion: 14. Dezember 2018 Erscheinungsjahr: 2019 II List of abbreviations d – deciduous tooth M – upper molar m – lower molar P – upper premolar p – lower premolar m – mesial buc – buccal dex – dextral sin – sinistral L – length W – width fr. – fragment III List of contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 01 Kurzfassung ........................................................................................................................... 02 1 Aim of study ........................................................................................................................ 04 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 06 2.1 Systematical position of the Docodonta ............................................................................ 06 2.2 Definitions of terms ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Diphyodonty and Heterochrony for Dental
    第57卷 第1期 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 pp. 51–76 2019年1月 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA figs. 1–9 DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.180803 Evidence of diphyodonty and heterochrony for dental development in euharamiyidan mammals from Jurassic Yanliao Biota MAO Fang-Yuan1,2 ZHENG Xiao-Ting3,4 WANG Xiao-Li3,4 WANG Yuan-Qing1,2 BI Shun-Dong5 MENG Jin6,1 (1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044, China) (2 CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044, China [email protected]) (3 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University Linyi, Shandong 276005, China) (4 Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature Pingyi, Shandong 273300, China) (5 Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana 15705, USA) (6 Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History New York 10024, USA) Abstract Evidences for tooth replacement of known euharamiyidans are reported based on eight specimens of four species from the Jurassic Yanliao Biota, Liaoning Province, China. Tooth morphologies, eruptional and wear condition, and tooth germs are directly observed and/or revealed by Micro CT or slab CL scan. The euharamiyidan dentition has definite number of cheek teeth and monophyodont molars that are related to precise occlusion. Incisor germs are found in three specimens of Arboroharamiya but not in Shenshou lui and Xianshou linglong. The incisor germs in the upper jaw, presumably I2, have a large crown with two or three cusps; those in the lower jaw, interpreted as the permanent i2, are positioned dorsal to the root of the erupted incisor, interpreted as di2.
    [Show full text]