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STANDING ROCK RESERVATION List of Topics

BACKGROUND Reservation Overview￿ Regional Geologic Overview GEOLOGIC OVERVIEW￿ Summary of Play Types Regional Production Overview CONVENTIONAL PLAY TYPES Play 1 - Muddy/Dakota/Lakota Play Play 2 - Shoreline Play Play 3 - Red River Play CONVENTIONAL/UNCONVENTIONAL PLAY TYPES Play 4 - Cretaceous Pierre/Niobrara Biogenic Gas Plays Play 5 - Cretaceous Pierre/Greenhorn Play Play 6 - Leo Play Play 7 - Cretaceous /Turner Sandstone Play Play 8 - Cretaceous Shannon/Sussex Sands Play REFERENCES Culture, Geography, and Physiography OVERVIEW ￿ Streams adjoining the Reservation that flow throughout the year, in addition The Standing Rock Reservation is divided into seven principal political districts to the Missouri River, consist of Cedar Creek and the Cannonball River along the STANDING ROCK RESERVATION names for the geographical areas they represent. These consist of the northern boundary and the Grand River in the southern part of the Reservation, Standing Rock Sioux Tribe Cannonball, Kenel, Porcupine, Fort Yates, Bullhead, Little Eagle, and Wakpala which also flows easterly to meet the Missouri River in the Oahe Reservoir. The Districts. Each district has a representative. In addition there is a representative streams have meandered back and forth across their valley floors and by erosion for the McLaughlin subdistrict of the Little Eagle District. There are 15 members have created steep valley walls; in many places the valley floors range from less TRIBAL HEADQUARTERS: ￿ Fort Yates, South Dakota in the Tribal Council and 9 members constitute a quorum. Seven councilmen are than a mile across to as much as 1,000 feet above the valley floors with a few GEOLOGIC SETTING: ￿ elected at large annually for two year terms. The Tribal Chairman is elected at buttes in the eastern and other parts of the Reservation rising an additional several large for a two year term. The Vice-Chairman, Secretary and/or Treasurer is hundred feet above the general upland surface. Benches are prominent along the Land Status elected for a one year term from within the council membership. valleys of the larger streams and represent terraces left by the streams during their ￿ The Standing Rock Reservation is one of seven created for the Sioux Indians ￿ Of the fourteen Councilmen to be elected at large, four must be residents of down cutting. by Congress. It was established on March 2, 1889. It covers 3,625 square miles the North Dakota portion of the reservation without regard to residence in the in North Dakota and South Dakota, with a total area of 2,320,274.67 acres. The districts and two must be residents of South Dakota portion of the reservation CONTACT: reservation is located in Sioux County, N.D. and Corson County, S.D., with without regard to residence in the districts. Each of the remaining eight minor portions in Dewey and Ziebach Counties, S.D. Surface ownership of councilmen must be a resident of the district from which he is elected at large by Mr. Miles L. McAllister, Natural Resources Specialist 1,482,733.6 acres is in State, Federal, and non-Indian lands, comprising 63.90 the electors of the entire Reservation, except that two councilmen must be Department of Water & Natural Resources percent. Of this amount, tribal land consists of 294,840.41 acres (12.71 percent), residents of the South Dakota portion of the Little Eagle District. Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and allotted lands number 542,700.66 (23.39 percent). Tribal ownership of ￿ The Tribal Council is the governing body and it has a regular meeting held P.O. Box 729 surface and minerals is 143,751.50 acres (6.20 percent) ; tribal ownership of the the first Wednesday of each month. Special meetings are held upon the written Fort Yates, North Dakota 58538 minerals, but not the surface is 49.566.88 acres (2.14 percent) ; non-tribal request of 7 council members to the Chairman or the Secretary. Various ownership of surface and minerals (including allotted lands) is 2,055,144.04 committees of the tribe can be found in session every week, usually on Thursdays TEL: (701) 854-7410 acres (88.57 percent) and the status is uncertain on 71,812.25 acres (3.09 and these meetings may often lst for several days. The Standing Rock Sioux percent). Tribal trust acreage administered by the Aberdeen, S.D. Area office of Tribal Government is probably one of the most democratic political institutions the Bureau of Indian Affairs (B.I.A.) amounts to 849,989 acres, which includes in America today. Many other Indian tribes have a similar organization. tribal and allotted lands located off the Reservation. ￿ The Standing Rock Reservation is bounded on the north by Cedar Creek and ￿ There are three types of land ownership on the Reservation; allotted lands, the Cannonball River and on the south by the Cheyenne River Indian Stark Morton tribal lands, and other lands. Allotted land tracts were allotted to the Indians after Reservation. Lake Oahe and the waters of the Missouri River form the boundary 15 the establishment of the Standing Rock Reservation. These are subject to trust on the east and the county lines of Adams and Perkins counties form the west Hettinger Emmons restrictions by the Government, but the restrictions can be ended by boundary, along the 102nd meridian. Logan the Secretary of the Interior if the individual can manage or sell his land without ￿ The headquarters for the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe is at Fort Yates, which is Mott Grant assistance, or if it is in the best interest of the individual and his family for the also the county seat of Sioux County. McIntosh is the county seat of Corson Linton land to be sold. Tribal lands are owned by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and County, in South Dakota. The total population of these two counties is 8,626 8 McIntosh 12 come under the management of the Tribal Council. Other lands consist of fee (1970 census). An estimated 4,700 Indians live on or near the Reservation. Total Adams 83 Hettinger patent lands, which are acquired through homesteading or by the ending or trust Tribal membership is 8,052. Sioux NORTH DAKOTA restrictions on allotted lands; also included in this category is Bureau of Indian ￿ Bismarck, the State Capital of North Dakota is 64 road miles north of Fort SOUTH DAKOTA Affairs agencies, town sites, and cemeteries. Yates and 24 miles from the north boundary of the Reservation. Commercial jet Shadehill STANDING ROCK12 83 ￿ On the Standing Rock Reservation, mineral and surface ownership have been and other types of air transportation can be obtained at the Bismarck Airport. Campbell McPherson severed. The categories of mineral ownership include: Several landing strips are located on the Reservation near some of the small cities Mobridge Selby and towns. Hard-surfaced roads cross the Reservation in east-to-west and north- Perkins 73 to-south directions. There are several dirt and graveled roads, which allow access 12 a. Surface and mineral ownership reside with allottees (or non-Indians, Dewey to most of the Reservation. Bus and train transportation meet other requirements. including government agencies) Walworth Edmunds ￿ The topography ranges from badlands type, particularly in the northern and b. Surface and mineral ownership reside with the Standing Rock Sioux CHEYENNE RIVER Tribe central part of the Reservation, to smooth rounded hills and shallow flat-floored Potter Faulk c. Tribal ownership of the mineral estate, but not the surface valleys of the Pierre Hills part of the Reservation in South Dakota and in part of 212 Gettysburg d. Lands where the tribe may own the minerals but the status is uncertain the North Dakota portion of the Reservation. Scattered boulders, which generally Faith 212 Ziebach are igneous or metamorphic rock types are present in the eastern half or the ￿ Persons desiring to secure oil and gas or other mineral leases should direct Reservation. They are not indigenous to the Reservation and constitute evidence their inquiries to the Director of Natural Resources Development for the Tribe. that glaciers have moved across the land toward the south and west. They are believed to have been transported from far north in where these rock types crop out.

Standing Rock Reservation RESERVATION OVERVIEW Page 1 of 16 North and South Dakota Regional Geology Alberta Shel f CANADA 98 97 49 114 113 100 99 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 ￿ The Standing Rock Indian Reservation is located on the southern flank

Sweetgrass Bowdoin BF Hogeland Dome Bearpaw Basin UNITED STATES of the Williston Basin, a major intercratonic basin (see Tectonic Map and Uplift Fault Poplar PRODUCING HORIZON LEGEND Poplar Fault 48 BK FP Dome North-South Cross-Section A-A'). The Reservation is northeast of the Black OVERTHRUST Hinsdale A Nesson Arch Little Rocky Mtns Anticline Judith BR Hills Uplift and is located in the Missouri River Badlands. It is north of the POWDER RIVER WESTERN WYOMING WESTERN Blood Cedar Creek WILLISTON Mtns Creek NORTH DAKOTA NORTHERN

ERA BASIN Big Syncline 47 BASIN Anticline SOUTHERN

Little SERIES MONTANA Snowy Cat Creek Fault Sioux Arch. The geologic section is represented by SYSTEM Belt Weldon-Brockton Fault MONTANA BELT Mtns WILLISTON Mtns Sumatra Wheatland Porcupine metamorphics, Paleozoic carbonates and and Cretaceous White River Green River Syncline BASIN Syncline Willow Dome B' TIAR Y Wind River FaultCreek Miles City B 46 Crazy sandstones. The Paleozoic rocks are mainly dolomites and Bull Arch Wasatch Wasatch Mountains Lake Mountains

SR TER Basin Nye-BowlerBasin Basin deposited within the Williston Basin depocenter. Jurassic and Cretaceous CENOZOIC Fault Fort Union Fort Union Fort Union

Fault B Beartooth Fort Union Pryor 45 Mtns POWDER Rocks vary from continental to marine sands and shales. Most of the Mtns I RIVER Lance Lance Hell Creek Fox Hills S O Teckla Judith River Bighorn surface units on the Reservation are Cretaceous marine shales and some Fox Hills BASIN Mesaverde

G Clagget SOUTH DAKOTA Mesaverde AbsarokaBIGHORN Judith River Teapot Eagle Black 44 Mtns Tertiary fluvial and swamp deposits. The area has been heavily dissected by Eagle E Parkman Cody BASIN Mtns Hills Telegraph Creek

A' UPPER Sussex Shannon

N Niobrara Uplift Niobrara Owl erosion in classic "badlands topography" by the Missouri River and its Shannon Niobrara Greenhorn Casper Creek Greenhorn I Niobrara Frontier Mtns Arch Frontier Wind WIND C Frontier IDAHO 43 tributaries, the Grand River and the Cannonball River. CEOUS RIVER C River WYOMING Fault Dakota Group BASIN Chadron Mowry Mowry Blackleaf Casper Mtn I Mtns Muddy Bow Island Sweetwater CRETA Muddy Kootenai Laramie Structural Geology S Bear River Uplift 42 WER Dakota GREEN Mtns Hartville O Cat Creek Arch Uplift

LO Dakota Moulton RIVER HANNA Fall River RED ￿ The Standing Rock Indian Reservation is characterized by gently dipping Cloverly Sunburst BASIN Z DESERT BASIN NEBRASKA Lakota Cut Bank ALLIANCE Rock BASIN MedicineLARAMIE 41 Tertiary and upper Cretaceous units which dip to the northwest at about 10 Springs Bow Gannet BASIN O UTAH Uplift BASIN ￿Morrison Morrison Sierra feet/mile. Due to the lack of well control, only regional dip of units can be Morrison Morrison Uinta Mtns WASHAKE Mtns Ellis Group Madre S Sundance Sundance BASIN Mtns implied. A shallow map on the Muddy/Newcastle sandstone shows a Swift Swift Reirdon Canyon Springs Stump-Preuss Reirdon E JURASSIC Piper Gypsum Sawtooth EXPLANATION structural flexure on the North Dakota state line. Regional geology (see Twin Creek Nesson Precambrian Basement Uplifts Anticline north-south Cross-Section A-A') shows a regional "hinge-line" centered on M Nugget Chugwater Chugwater Syncline Ankareh Other Uplifts or Basins the Standing Rock / Cheyenne River Reservation boundary. This "flexure" Thaynes SR - Standing Rock BK - Fort Belknap Woodside Faults separates the Sioux Arch province from the deep Williston depocenter. The Spearfish Spearfish Cenezoic Volcanic Fields BR - Fort Berthold BF - Blackfeet Dinwoody A A' FP - Fort Peck east-west Cross-Section (B-B') shows a high structural ridge at Standing Reservations X-section

Rock which separates the deeper Williston and Cedar Creek Anticline from Minnekahta Goose Egg Phosphoria the thin, eastern flank of the basin. Opeche Figure SR-1.1. Present day structural features of the northern Rocky Mountain region. ￿ A structural high is present east of the Reservation and may correspond Park City Includes major fault zones, uplifts, basins, and reservation areas (modified after Peterson and to the "Pierre Gas Field". The play summary diagram shows a generalized Minnelusa MacCary, 1987). Weber west to east cross-section through the Reservation, and generalized trap

C Minnelusa ANIAN types and lithologies that should be present. The rollover of Cretaceous Amsden Tensleep Amsden

WEST EAST I South Latitude Values (Degrees) North Longitude Values (Degrees) Rosebud B B' rocks is based on generalized isopach thicknesses and present day structure. S Amsden Cheyenne River Standing Rock A Standing Rock Tyler Darwin Tyler A' Pine Ridge PENNSYLV 104 103-30 103 102-30 102 101-30 101 100-30 100 99-30 99 98-30 98 O Big Snowy Group Heath 4000 Geologic History Heath 43 43.5 44 44.5 45 45.5 46 46.5 47 47.5 48 48.5 49 Otter Otter Madison Madison Kibbey

Z Kibbey + 4000 Two generalized structural cross-sections (see north-south Cross-Section Madison Group Mission Canyon Sun River 3000 Charles Charles Mission Canyon Lodgepole

MISSISSIPPIAN Mission Canyon A-A' and east-west Cross-Section B-B') have been constructed to summarize Lodgepole

+ 3000 O Lodgepole Glacial Englewood Tertiary Bakken 2000 present day structure and older paleostructure. The cross-section uses rock S Three Forks Jefferson Three Forks + 2000 thickness values from each of the geologic periods. The north-south section E Nisku Jefferson

ONIAN Nisku Niobrara Tertiary Duperow 1000 Souris River Darby Duperow runs along the 46 degree latitude line and values were selected at intervals of DEV

Upper Cretaceous L + 1000 Dawson Bay Souris River Niobrara / Greenhorn one-half degree longitude. Section B runs along the 101 degree longitude Winnipegosis Greenhorn 0 A Interlake Interlake 0 Dakota line, with selected values at intervals of 30 minute latitude. The western end Elevation (Feet) Dakota Muddy / Newcastle Muddy / Newcastle of section B-B', near the Montana State Line, is about 3000 feet in elevation.

-1000 Lower Cretacous P Stonewall Big Horn Big Horn Red River - 1000 Muddy / Mowry This area is the southern end of the Williston Basin near the Canadian Stony Mountain

Lower Cretaceous VICIAN Red River

Elevation (Feet) Elevation -2000 Border and is near the deepest part of the Williston (greater than 10,000 Permian Lakota Lakota Winnipeg - 2000 Pennsylvanian feet). Bakken Shale and Prairie evaporite which are present in the deepest ORDO Jurassic Jurassic Triassic Winnipeg -3000 S Emerson - 3000 Permian part of the basin, are absent at Standing Rock. To better illustrate the Gallatin Triassic Gros Ventre Pennsylvanian Deadwood Deadwood Mississippian geologic history of the region, which has been influenced by all of these Flathead Flathead -4000 - 4000 Mississippian tectonic provinces, a series of paleo cross-sections are shown. Each section Bakken Shale Producing Horizon Legend (after Geomap Executive Reference Map, 1983) Precambrian -5000 Dawson Bay summarizes a particular time interval; Cambrian and older rocks, - 5000 = Source Rock Dawson Bay S Regional North-South Cross-Section Silurian Devonian Mississippian to Precambrian, and Upper Cretaceous to Precambrian. A Present Day Structure Prairie Salt -6000 Silurian - 6000 paleo cross-section attempts to show what the subsurface geology may have Ordovician Figure SR-1.4. Producing horizon legend (from Seventh Ordovician looked like within that time interval. The rock units above the interval have -7000 International Williston Basin Symposium Guidebook, 1995). Cambrian not yet been deposited; the top of the section is the datum. The datum is Cambrian Precambrian -8000 flat, representing the paleo ground surface.

Figure SR-1.2. Regional North-South cross-section - present day Figure SR-1.3. Present Day Structure - Structural cross-section B-B' - structure - cross-section oriented along 101 degrees longitude with cross-section along the 46 Degree latitude line with selected points every points every half-degree latitude. half degree of longitude.

Standing Rock Reservation GEOLOGY OVERVIEW Page 2 of 16 North and South Dakota Regional Geology Most Likely Hydrocarbon Zones Cambrian and Older Reservation boundaries, these rocks are about 200 to 400 feet thick and thin Based on current gas shows and regional hydrocarbon production, regional cross- ￿ No Cambrian or Precambrian rocks are exposed on the Standing Rock Indian southward and eastward. Bakken Shale (Madison Source Rock) apparently is not sections and depositional maps, the most likely plays to develop on the Standing Reservation. Several wells have penetrated granite and other "Precambrian" present, although well logs show a thick shale and silt unit known as the Rock Reservation are: units in counties east and south of the Reservation. Englewood. The Bakken Shale exists north of the Reservation. The Sioux Arch, 1) Cretaceous Muddy / Dakota: numerous gas shows in water wells south ￿ During Cambrian time, a major seaway existed in western Montana and south of the Cheyenne River Reservation, became active during this time, with and east of the Reservation. Pierre Gas Field. Stratigraphic nature of eastern Idaho (see map of the Cambrian). This seaway gradually transgressed major faulting. sand bodies; thermal maturity of the area. from west to east across eastern Montana and the Dakotas. The major source of ￿ By Mississippian time, thick carbonate and evaporite units were deposited coarse-grained clastics was to the east (from the Sioux Arch) and graded into north and west of the Reservation. A "hinge line" formed possibly related to the 2) Mississippian Shorelines: numerous gas and oil shows north of the shales and limestones to the west. Cambrian rocks are of uniform thickness Sioux Arch, and separated the deeper Williston from the shallower area "hinge-line" where shoreline cycles could develop. Near the Bakken (about 200 feet) within Reservation boundaries. southward. This change of gradient in Mississippian time may have influenced source rock boundary. shoreline cycles and porosity development. Waulsortian mounds may have 3) Ordovician Red River: numerous gas shows in adjacent countries. Red Cambrian to Mississippian developed at this time. A major at the end of Mississippian time River production south of Reservation. Stratigraphic traps within Red ￿ The Williston Basin was a stable, shallow marine shelf through most of the led to widespread erosion and karstification. Mississippian rocks are about 600 River, likely, due to regional position of Reservation. Paleozoic Era. (Figure SR-2.3) Ordovician and Silurian Rocks were deposited in to 1500 feet thick. 4) Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk: biogenic gas. a tidal flat environment with alternating cycles of limestone / dolomite, marine shales, and evaporites. At the end of Silurian time, a regional unconformity 5) Greenhorn Limestone: biogenic gas. extended across the Williston and to the west. Present thickness of the 6) Pennsylvanian Leo sands: gas shows adjacent to Reservation from Ordovician units on the Reservation are from 600 to 800 feet. Ordovician Red "Minnelusa / Leo" equivalent rocks. Probably a long shot. River porosity cycles formed large stratigraphic traps west of the Reservation in 7) Turner sandstone: biogenic gas. Harding County, South Dakota. The Silurian is present but thins rapidly both to 8) Shannon (Eagle) sandstone: biogenic gas. the south and east of the Reservation. Silurian rocks are estimated to be about 200 feet thick or less. Devonian deposition was similar to that during Ordovician time. Within the

WEST Longitude Values (Degrees) EAST B B' Standing Rock

104 103-30 103 102-30 102 101-30 101 100-30 100 99-30 99 98-30 98 800 1000 2200

1200 Cambrian Precambrian

1400 2000 1000

1800 1600 1800

Montana Depth (Feet) 1400 2000 1200 North 1000 Dakota Figure SR-2.1. Paleo Cross-Section B-B' - Cambrian to Basement - Cross-section along the 46 degree 1600 1400 800 latitude line with selected points every half degree of longitude. 1200 South 600 400 1000 200 Dakota

800 Standing Rock WEST Longitude Values (Degrees) EAST B 800 Standing Rock B' Wyoming Mississippianor older 600 104 103.5 103 102.5 102 101.5 101 100.5 100 99.5 99 98.5 98 Approximate limit of rocks exposed at land 400 0 surface the Madison Limestone Mississippian Thickness in feet of 200 1000 Madison Limestone Devonian Dolomite facies 2000 Silurian Primarily limestone and

Nebraska (Feet) Depth shaly limestone facies Ordovician 3000 Cambrian Limit of Charles salt of Precambrian informal subsurface usage 4000 Limit of anhydrite in middle part of Madison Limestone Figure SR-2.3. Paleo Cross-Section B-B' - Precambrian to Mississippian - Cross-section along the 46 degree latitude line with selected points every half degree of longitude. Figure SR-2.2. Thickness in feet and generalized rock facies of the Madison Group (Mississippian) and equivalent rocks (modified after Peterson, 1981, 1984b).

Standing Rock Reservation GEOLOGY OVERVIEW Page 3 of 16 North and South Dakota Geologic History WEST Longitude Values (Degrees) EAST Mississippian to Upper Cretaceous B Standing Rock B' ￿ By Pennsylvanian time, the Sioux Arch south and east of the Reservation was 104 103.5 103 102.5 102 101.5 101 100.5 100 99.5 99 98.5 98 continuing to rise. Whether Pennsylvanian units were deposited on the ancestral Sioux Arch is unknown. Units west of Standing Rock thicken. Pennsylvanian Upper Cretaceous production from eolian deposits exist in Fall River County, South Dakota. 1000 Niobrara / Greenhorn Pennsylvanian rocks are about 450 feet thick and thin eastward rapidly. Continued uplifting of the Sioux Arch occurred during Precambrian and Triassic 2000 Lakota Dakota time. Units are thin to nonexistent. Depth of burial in the central Williston Basin Muddy / Newcastle was sufficient for Ordovician Red River and Silurian Interlake source rocks to 3000 mature and oil migration begin. ￿ In Jurassic time, the Williston was still the major depocenter for clastic and 4000 Lower Cretacous marine carbonate / evaporite sediments. Thickness of Jurassic rocks is estimated

Jurassic to be about 300 to 400 feet. Jurassic units thin south and east across the Sioux 5000 Permian Arch. ￿ The saw reactivation of the Sioux Arch and the Standing Triassic Elevation (Feet) 6000 Rock "hinge line". Most of the Lakota in the Williston and areas south and west Dawson Bay are fluvial deposits from highlands in South Dakota. By this time, Devonian age Figure SR-3.1. Paleo cross- 7000 Mississippian rocks had probably reached thermal maturity in the center of the basin, and oil section B-B' containing the Devonian migration had begun. Precambrian to Upper 8000 Silurian ￿ During Skull Creek-Mowry time (Lower Cretaceous), the area east of the Cretaceous section. Cross- Reservation was characterized by continued erosion of exposed Precambrian section is located along the 46 Ordovician rocks and deposition of very thick sand units. This "Dakota" sandstone thins degree latitude line with selected 9000 Cambrian westward and northward toward the Williston and the Black Hills. The points every half degree of Precambrian longitude. 10000 shoreline, continental sands of the "Dakota" gradually become more marine and lenticular "offshore sand bars". The sands are encased in marine shales. The ￿ Dakota consists of numerous "tongues" of sandstone. The lowermost "tongue" surrounded by marine shales, and above the "Dakota" is called the "Muddy", and gas is produced from the "Pierre Gas Field", south and east of the Reservation. ￿ By the Early Cretaceous, the Cretaceous Seaway had established itself, and areas west and south of the Reservation were rapidly subsiding. Greenhorn and 2 3 4 4 0 3 3 4 3 2 1 5 Niobrara chalks were deposited in the eastern and southern Dakotas, Nebraska, and Colorado. Eagle and Judith River sands (and the equivalent, Shannon / 3 4.5 Sussex sandstones) were deposited in western South Dakota, Wyoming, and 0 Montana. Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks in the Williston had reached 3 4 thermal maturity by this time and oil migration had begun . 0 1 0 Tertiary and Younger 3 ￿ In early Tertiary time ( / ), fluvial and swamp environments 0 2 were present in the southern Williston. These rocks were deposited and later 5 removed by erosion, and the area was uplifted. The Sioux arch and adjacent 5 5 34 6 "hinge line" were activated. During the , the area was glaciated just to 2 1 0 1 the northeast of the Reservation and the ancestral Missouri River began eroding 0 4 Standing Rock the Badlands. 5 3 1 5 2 6 1 0 0 6.5 Figure SR-3.2. Thickness of EXPLANATION Cretaceous rocks in Pre-Cretaceous rocks thousands of feet, showing exposed at land surface 0 areas where Tertiary rocks 0 6 3 1 1 45 are present. Gas fields 2 3 Tertiary rocks present producing from Cretaceous sandstones are outlined 0 (modified after McGookey et Gas field (Cretaceous reservoir) 0 al. 1972).

Standing Rock Reservation GEOLOGY OVERVIEW Page 4 of 16 North and South Dakota Geologic History West East Play Types: Explanation 1. Cretaceous Muddy / Dakota (3307) Cretaceous Dakota / Lakota (3306/3305) 2. Mississippian Mission Canyon Shoreline Play (3101b) Tertiary 3. Ordovician Red River Play (3102) 4. Cretaceous Pierre / Niobrara-Biogenic Gas Play (3113a) 8 Niobrara Tertiary 5. Cretaceous Greenhorn (3113b) 4 6. Pennsylvanian Leo Sands (3303) 7. Cretaceous Carlile Shale / Turner Sandstone (3310) Greenhorn 4 Upper Cretaceous 5 7 8. Cretaceous Shannon / Sussex (3312) 7 Muddy 5 1 Dakota Sandstone 6 1 Sandstone, siltstone, shale 6 2 Jurassic Shale Pennsylvanian Limestone Red River TriassicPermian 3 Dolomite 2 Mission Canyon Igneous / Metamorphic 3 Mississippian Gas

Lodgepole Metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks Oil Devonian Unconformity

Silurian No Scale: Cross Section is approximate width of Reservation Sandstone Lens Cambrian Ordovician

Figure SR-4.1. Schematic Diagram of Play Types - Standing Rock Reservation.

Reservation: Standing Rock Total Production ( by province-1995) Williston Basin Undiscovered resources and numbers of fields are Geologic Province: Southern Williston Basin Oil: 1435 MMBO for Province-wide plays. No attempt has been made Province Area: Williston Basin (143,000 sq. miles) Gas: 1680 BCFG to estimate number of undiscovered fields within the Reservation Area: 3852 sq. miles (2,465,280 acres) NGL: 186 MBNGL Standing Rock Reservation USGS Play Type Description of Play Oil or Gas Known Accumulations Undiscovered Resource (MMBOE) Play Probability Drilling depths Favorable factors Unfavorable factors Designation Field Size (> 1 MMBOE) min, median, mean (chance of success) Muddy / Dakota 3307 sand bar traps, sands draped Both New play for this area. not estimated 2000 - 4000 ft 1) confirmed play; gas produced 1) lack of well control Dakota / Lakota 3306 across anticlinal structures No previous production; ￿New Play; no estimate made of Gas outside of reservation 2) rough topography 3305 Pierre Gas Field discovered reserves; few records kept. Pierre 2) thermally mature source rocks 3) porosity and facies may be 1889; Numerous shows Gas Field covers several counties. 3) source rocks and reservoir present highly variable 1 from water wells. 4) shallow drilling 4) may be all gas and no oil

Madison shoreline/ 3101b Cyclic evaporite/ carbonate Both 878 MMBO Median: 600 MMBO (30 fields @ 20MMBO) 1 4800 - 5900 ft 1) shows in well on reservation 1) lack of well control truncation play sequence, structure/stratigraphic 916.5 BCFG Field Size (>1MMBOE) not 2) thermally mature source rocks 2) rough topography updip pinchout, multiple shoreline 77.9 MMBNGL 2 MMBO(min) 20 MMBO(max) 5.3 MMBO(mean) estimated 3) source rocks and reservoir present 3) porosity and facies may be cycles (numbers include 1, 2,& 3) No. of undiscovered fields (> 1 MMBOE) 4) mostly shallow drilling depths highly variable 2 9 (min) 30 (median) 60 (max) 31.9 (mean) 4) seismic may not be able to numbers include plays 1, 2, & 3 delineate shoreline trends

Ordovician Red River Median: 250 MMBO (25 fields @ 10 MMBO) Play 3102 Cyclic evaporite/ carbonate Both 188.3 MMBO 1 4000 - 6700 ft 1) shows in well on reservation 1) lack of well control sequence, structure/stratigraphic 555.7 BCFG Field Size (>1 MMBOE) not 2) thermally mature source rocks 2) rough topography updip pinchouts; multiple shoreline 70.5 MMBNGL 2 MMBO/10 BCFG(min) 10 MMBO/35 BCFG(max) 2.1 estimated 3) source rocks and reservoir present 3) possible small exploration cycles MMBO/11.7 BCFG(mean) 4) seismic useful in locating targets 3 No. of undiscovered fields (> 1 MMBOE) structures 5 (min) 25 (median) 50 (max) 26 (mean)

Niobrara Biogenic Gas not estimated 3113a Niobrara Limestone self-source; Biogenic no Niobrara production 1 500 - 2500 ft 1) large volume play 1) lack of well control Play Porosity decreased with increasing Gas in Williston Basin; 180 MMCFG/160 acres (median) 0.5 2) shallow drilling depths 2) rough topography depth; Large volume accumulations however, many shows 256 MMCFG/160 acres (mean) 3) accumulations in stuctural traps 3) small exploration targets possible; May be fractured observed Area of play = 55,000 sq. miles 4) seismic useful in locating structures 4) lack of reservoir 4 20,000 sq. miles untested (median) 29,958 sq. untested (mean)

Table SR-1. Summary of Play Types for the Standing Rock Reservation

Standing Rock Reservation Page 5 of 16 North and South Dakota Summary of Play Types Reservation: Standing Rock Total Production ( by province-1996) Williston Basin Undiscovered resources and numbers of fields are Geologic Province: Southern Williston Basin Oil: 1435 MMBO for Province-wide plays. No attempt has been made Province Area: Williston Basin (143,000 sq. miles) Gas: 1680 BCFG to estimate number of undiscovered fields within the Reservation Area: 3852 sq. miles (2,465,280 acres) : 186 MBNGL Standing Rock Reservation USGS Play Type Description of Play Oil or Gas Known Accumulations Undiscovered Resource (MMBOE) Play Probability Drilling depths Favorable factors Unfavorable factors Designation Field Size (> 1 MMBOE) min, median, mean (chance of success) Greenhorn Biogenic Gas 3113b Greenhorn Limestone and other Biogenic No production in Williston Basin; not estimated 1 1500 - 2500 ft 1) large volume play 1) lack of well control Play shallow reservoirs self-source; Gas however shows have been observed; 180 MMCFG/160 acres (median) 0.5 2) shallow drilling depths 2) rough topography porosity decreases with increasing log response may be similar to 256 MMCFG/160 acres (mean) 3) accumulations in structural traps 3) lack of reservoir depth; large volume accumulations Niobrara Area of play = 55,000 sq. miles 4) seismic delineation is useful 4) small reserves 5 possible; may be fractured 20,000 sq. miles untested (median) 5) detailed log analysis 29,958 sq. mi untested (mean)

Pennsylvanian Leo 3303 Eolian (sand dune) deposits with Gas No production in Williston Basin; not estimated not 3000 - 5000 ft 1) source and reservoir 1) lack of well control Sands Play evaporite seals; may have structural nearest production in Fall River 180 MMCFG/160 acres (median) estimated 2) thermally mature source rocks 2) rough topography component County, South Dakota 256 MMCFG/160 acres (mean) 3) shallow drilling depths 3) no production on Reservation Area of play = 55,000 sq. miles 4) Minnelusa / Leo shows in adjacent 20,000 sq. miles untested (median) counties 6 29,958 sq. mi untested (mean)

Carlile / Turner 3310 Tight marine sandstone bars; Biogenic No production in Willistion Basin; not estimated 1 1500 - 2500 ft 1) shows south of Reservation 1) lack of good reservoir Play equivalent to 1st Frontier in Gas nearest production in Wyoming; 180 MMCFG/160 acres (median) 0.5 2) multiple targets; serendipity factor 2) rough topography Wyoming; thickness from 5 to 35 shows in wells south of Reservation 256 MMCFG/160 acres (mean) 3) shallow drilling depths 3) lack of well control feet; stratigraphic trap Area of play = 55,000 sq. miles 4) small targets 7 20,000 sq. miles untested (median) 29,958 sq. mi untested (mean)

Shannon / Sussex 3312 Shannon is a marine sandstone; Biogenic Gas No production in Williston Basin, not estimated 1 500 - 2000 ft 1) shows in adjacent counties 1) lack of well control Play longshore bar; thickness 10-30 except Eagle sand equivalent on 180 MMCFG/160 acres (median) 0.5 2) shallow drilling 2) rough topography feet, width from 0.5 to 3 miles, Cedar Creek Anticline; Shannon 256 MMCFG/160 acres (mean) 3) apparent "sandbar" on logs 3) lack of reservoir length from 5 to 20 miles produces at Cady Creek and West Area of play = 55,000 sq. miles 4) small targets 8 Short Pine Hills in Harding County, 20,000 sq. miles untested (median) South Dakota 29,958 sq. mi untested (mean)

Table SR-5.1. Summary of Play Types (continued). Conventional play type

Unconventional/Hypothetical play type

Standing Rock Reservation Page 6 of 16 North and South Dakota Summary of Play Types Figure SR-6.1. Regional Production and Shows for Standing Rock MORTON STRUCTURE AND SHOWS Reservation. The regional map shows areas of oil and gas T 134 HETTINGER production or areas where hydrocarbon shows were encountered in N SLOPE GRANT the vicinity of Standing Rock Reservation (red outline). The colors Reservation Boundary Structure Contour (Dakota-Newcastle-Muddy) EMMONS correspond to the stratigraphic formation or interval in which the River T 133 Shows N CEDAR SIOUX production or show is associated (after United States Geological BOWMAN ADAMS Survey, 1996). Niobrara Mississippian CREEK Greenhorn Red River T CAMPBELL 132 ANTICLINE Muddy / Dakota N CORSON Standing Rock reservation T 131 Figure SR-6.2. Type log of Lower area is underexplored with Cannonball N STANDING ROCK RESERVATION WALWORTH Cretaceous section in South Dakota numerous exploration Contour Interval = 100 feet HARDING (after Howells, 1982). Cedar LAKE OAHE possibilities in biogenic gas T PERKINS 130 Creek and stratigraphic pinchout N SP Induction Log Sioux County North Dakota Curve T DEWEY horizons. Further drilling 129 1800 N R 90 W R 89 W R 88 W R 87 W R 86 W R 85 W R 84 W and seismic analysis should T R 83 W R 82 W R 81 W R 80 W R 79 W 23 delineate exploration N ZIEBACH -1200 T WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE targets within this area. T Corson County South Dakota BUTTE 1900 22 -1100 N -900 -800 -1000 -700 -600 T L L L MEADE T 21 -500 2000 N

T -400 -200 T T 20 Grand N River -300 2100 T STANLEY HAAKON T 19 BLACK HILLS N UPLIFT PENNINGTON 2200 T Niobrara 18 Regional Production and Shows N I. J. Wilhite, State No. 1 2300 SE, SW 36 R 18 E R 19 E R 20 E R 21 E R 22 E R 23 E R 24 E R 25 E R 26 E R 27 E R 28 E R 29 E R 30 E T22N, R21E Pierre/Shannon Muddy/Dakota Red River KB 2226 Figure SR-6.3. Structure contour map (top Dakota-Newcastle-Muddy) across reservation. Hydrocarbon shows indicated Niobrara L Dakota/Lakota Reservation Boundary T Turner Minnelusa/Leo by formation (after Howells, 1982). Structural Greenhorn Mississippian Elements 2400

Standing Rock Reservation SP Figure SR-6.4. Type Figure SR-6.5. Type log for Resistivity Resistivity General Production Information log of Devonian- SP Red River hydocarbon show. 4800 2500 Mississippian section in From well within reservation U.S.G.S. Geological Province: ￿ Williston Basin (031) central Williston Basin boundary (after Howells, Scale Change 6300 4900 (after Howells, 1982). 1982). Greenhorn Tectonic Province: ￿ Southern Edge Williston Basin 2600 Stony Mtn. Mission Canyon Overall Production from U.S.G.S. 5000 Play Production Province:￿ See Individual Play Descriptions 2700 Red 5100 River 6400

Core Fields outside reservation boundaries: (1995 Cumulative Production) 5200 Belle 2800 "B" Fouche (1954) Buffalo Field: 19.8 MMBO, 47.2 MMCF, 93 wells (Red River-Harding ￿ Rec'd 3510 sl. gassy 5300 DST 1 swtr. County) (1971) Lantry: 135 MBO, 1 well (Red River-Dewey County) 2900 6500 "C" (1975) Jones Creek: 517 MBO, 3.6 MMCF, 3 wells (Red River-Harding County) 5400 DST 2 Rec'd 450 MC swtr. Lodgepole (1959) Barker Dome: 217 MBO, 4 wells (Leo sands-Fall River County) "D" (1981) Alum Creek: 2.1 MMBO, 3.3 MMCF, 5 wells (Leo sands-Fall River ￿ Mowry 3000 County) 5500 (1977) West Short Pine Hills: 15.2 MMCF, 43 wells (Shannon-Harding County) 6600 Muddy (1979) Cady Creek: 2.1 MMCF, 10 wells (Shannon-Harding County) 5600 (1989) Pierre Gas Field: unknown; supplied gas to the city of Pierre until the ￿ 3100

mid-1960's; volume produced is unknown (Dakota / Muddy-Hughes, ￿ 5700 Englewood Stanley Counties) Skull Creek Nisku 3200 Shows encountered within reservation boundaries: Red River, Mission Canyon, Duperow 5800 6700 Greenhorn, Dakota / Muddy, Minnelusa (?), Niobrara

Standing Rock Reservation INTRODUCTION Page 7 of 16 North and South Dakota Regional Production Overview PLAY TYPE 1 Standing Rock Cretaceous Muddy / Dakota Play / Lakota Play A A' A General Characteristics- Normally considered a Powder River Basin Play, the 40 0 Youngblood Wilhite Dakota / Newcastle / Muddy has potential in this part of the Williston Basin. The 0 Kilroy 80 80 40 2500 40 0 Pierre Gas Field, located in Hughes and Stanley Counties, supplied gas to the city of 20 A' 20 2500 Pierre since 1889. The Dakota sandstone is a continental to nearshore fluvial deposit. 80 40 40 (see figure SR-7.2) The Dakota is an aquifer near Pierre and to the north and east, 0 2500 Greenhorn Limestone however gas has been produced from dozens of water wells, possibly trapped by local Sandstone structure. Shale 20 40 40 -500 20 40 ￿ West of Pierre, the Dakota splits into nearshore and marine sandstone lenses. The 60 B B' 80 lowermost, commonly called the Newcastle / Muddy, is equivalent to the Muddy of 3000 Belle Fourche Shale 0 the Powder River Basin. South of Pierre, the Dakota may have "Lakota" present, 3000 which would be Lower Cretaceous and is more continental than the marine Muddy Mowry 20 3000 x Muddy Fm. sand lenses. 0 Dakota ￿ Source rock would be the Skull Creek and Mowry marine shales. Gas analysis of Skull Creek Shale 0 of x 20 the Pierre gas is mainly methane with small amounts of ethane and propane. Some of 20 Sioux Fall River Fm. the gas contains significant volumes of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Shows on the x 3500 0 Uplift Lakota Fm. reservation include gas-cut salt water and flammable gas on DST's. 20 3500 Limit Figure SR-7.3. Cross-section A-A' (see figure SR-7.2. for location of cross-section) MORTON across Muddy Formation facies within reservation. Shows the stratigraphic pinch out relationship of the sandstone and shale in this interval (after Bolyard, 1969). Undifferentiated 0 20 0 HETTINGER 20 SLOPE GRANT EMMONS Bar Sands SP Oil Show Muddy Formation Isopach Induction Log CEDAR SIOUX Channel Sands Curve BOWMAN Gas Show 2900 CREEK ADAMS Marine Shale (Net Porous Sandstone) Reservation Boundary x Outcrop Belt (x=ss) ANTICLINE CAMPBELL Muddy CORSON Figure SR-7.2. Distribution of facies and isopach thickness of Muddy Formation. Contour interval is 20 feet. Note the position of channel sands within the reservation boundary. Note Type location of cross-section A-A' (after Bolyard, 1969). Mowry 3000 Section

STANDING ROCK RESERVATION WALWORTH HARDING Muddy PERKINS Pierre Field Parameters Nearest Muddy Formation hydrocarbon production to reservation 3100 DEWEY Skull Creek I. J. Wilhite, State No. 1 Formation:￿ Cretaceous Dakota / Muddy / Lakota se, sw section 36 T22N, R21E ZIEBACH Lithology: sandstone 3200 KB 2226 WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE Average Depth:￿ 1000 to 1500 feet BUTTE Porosity:￿ unknown Figure SR-7.4. Type log of Muddy Formation within reservation (after Bolyard, 1969). Permeability:￿ unknown; but probably very high MEADE Oil / Gas Column:￿ unknown Bell Creek Field Parameters Average Net Pay Thickness:￿ variable Field parameters from other Muddy Formation production. Pierre Gas This field located in Powder River Basin. Field Other Information: gas was produced from 1889 to mid-1960s; poor records STANLEY were kept; but numerous wells drilled had flow rates between 25,000 cfpd to Formation:￿ Cretaceous Muddy HAAKON 85,000 cfpd; gas is methane with traces of ethane and propane; nitrogen Lithology: ￿ white, very fine-grained sandstone content 3 to 5% BLACK HILLS Average Depth: ￿ 4500 feet UPLIFT PENNINGTON Porosity: ￿ 27% Muddy / Dakota Permeability: ￿ 1700 md Production and Shows Oil / Gas Column: ￿ two separate gas reservoirs Average Net Pay Thickness: 24 feet Muddy/Dakota Reservation Other Shows: ￿ none reported Boundary

Structural Figure SR-7.1. General location map of reservation indicating position of Muddy/Dakota Other Information: oil gravity 34 API; discovered 1967; cumulative Elements hydrocarbon shows. production (1995) estimated at 100 MMBO; pure stratigraphic trap

Standing Rock Reservation CONVENTIONAL PLAY TYPE 1 Page 8 of 16 North and South Dakota Cretaceous Muddy/Dakota/Lakota Play Figure SR-6.1. PLAY TYPE 2 Thickness in feet Mississippian Shoreline Play 800 and generalized 1000 2200 rock facies of the Canada Carnduff 1200 General Characteristics - This play is an extension of the northeast shelf play 1400 2000 Madison Group Elmore 1800 1600 U.S.A. North Dakota Montana 1800 which produces from Sherwood and Bluell porosity cycles. The Mississippian 1400 (Mississippian) and Mouse 1200 North equivalent rocks subcrops (truncated by Triassic Spearfish), in descending order eastward: Midale, 1000 Dakota River 1600 800 Burke Bottineou 1400 (modified (after Park 1200 South Bluell, Sherwood, Mohall, Glenburn, Landa, Wayne, and finally Lodgepole. ￿ 600 400 1000 200 Dakota Peterson, 1981, Renville ￿ Several of the lower cycles should be present on the reservation. 800 1984b). Standing Rock Lake Reservoirs are dolomitized carbonates of either algal, oolitic, or bioherm banks in Mississippian or older 800 one or more of the above mentioned intervals. The updip seal can either be an rocks exposed at land Wyoming Darling surface 600 Approximate limit of 400 evaporite or a shale. Source rock could be the Bakken Shale or one of the marine Thickness in feet of the Madison Limestone Madison Limestone shales within the evaporite sequence. Source rocks are thermally mature in the Dolomite facies Lone Ward McHenry center of the basin and immature on the flanks. Onset of oil generation and Tree Primarily limestone and migration is thought to have occurred in . Time regional cross- shaly limestone facies Mountrail Nebraska Limit of Charles salt of informal sections indicate the presence of a paleoridge and shelf area during Devonian and subsurface usage Wabek Mississippian time. Bakken Shale is apparently on the north side of this ridge, Limit of anhydrite in middle part of Madison Limestone Plaza Sherwood just outside the reservation boundaries. Shows in the Mississippian include oil Shoreline staining in core, oil flecks, gas and mud emulsion, and free gas recovery on DST. Analog Fields (outside Reservation) Lucky Mound McLean Centennial Plaza:￿ 2.6 MMBO, 1.7 MMCF, from 20 wells, 3-4 MMBO ￿ Wabek Field Parameters ultimate (Bluell) Formation:￿ Mississippian Mission Canyon, Sherwood Wabek:￿ 5.1 MMBO, 3.6 MMCF, from 18 wells, 6-7 MMBO ￿ subinterval ultimate (Sherwood) Area shown Lithology:￿ light brown to brown, peloidal, oolitic, pisolitic, ￿ intraclastic and composite grain wackestone ￿ to grainstone MORTON North Dakota Average Depth:￿ 7300 to 7350 feet HETTINGER SLOPE GRANT Porosity:￿ intergranular, vugular, and interparticle, 6-26%; ￿ EMMONS Figure SR-8.3. Sherwood Shoreline trend and average of 10% CEDAR position of major oil fields (after Sperr, et al, 1993). BOWMAN SIOUX Permeability:￿ unknown CREEK ADAMS

ANTICLINE CAMPBELL Oil / Gas Column:￿ 100 feet R 88 W R 87 W CORSON Average Net Pay Thickness:￿ 26 feet Other Shows:￿ information not available T STANDING ROCK RESERVATION WALWORTH 153 Other Information: due to the shoreline sequences, lower cycles may exist at Standing Wabek HARDING N Rock as opposed to the Sherwood / Bluell cycles; detailed log correlation from the center PERKINS Field (Sherwood Prod.) of the basin would be required to determine which cycles are present DEWEY

ZIEBACH -5200 WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE BUTTE Plaza Field Parameters MEADE Plaza Formation:￿ Mississippian Mission Canyon, Bluell subinterval Field Lithology:￿ light brown to brown, peloidal, oolitic, pisolitic, ￿ (Bluell Production) intraclastic and composite grain wackestone￿ T to grainstone STANLEY HAAKON 152 N Average Depth:￿ 7400 to 7500 feet BLACK HILLS PENNINGTON UPLIFT -5300 Porosity:￿ intergranular, vugular, and intraparticle, 6-16% Mississippian Permeability:￿ unknown -5500 Production and Shows Oil / Gas Column: ￿ at least 120 feet, oil / water contact is currently Mississippian Reservation -5400 unknown￿ Boundary Average Net Pay Thickness:￿ 6 feet Structural Elements Other Shows:￿ information not available Figure SR-8.4. Sherwood structure map containing Plaza and Figure SR-8.2. General location map of reservation indicating position of Wabek fields (after Sperr, et al, 1993). Mississippian hydrocarbon shows (after Peterson and MacCary, 1987).

Standing Rock Reservation CONVENTIONAL PLAY TYPE 2 North and South Dakota Mississippian Shoreline Play

Page 9 of 16 100 PLAY TYPE 3 Lantry Field Parameters 110 105

300 Ordovician Red River Play Formation: ￿ Ordovician Red River North Dakota 48 Lithology: ￿ limestone / dolomite 100 300 General Characteristics - The is the second most 500 700 500 Average Depth: ￿ 5000 feet 300 100 productive formation in the Williston Basin. Reservoirs are dolomites and dolomitic limestones formed from bioclastic mounds and tidal flat deposits. Porosity: ￿ 10% Cyclic episodes of carbonate, evaporite, and organic rich shale provide reservoir, Permeability: ￿ unknown 46 Montana source, and seal. Oil / Gas Column: ￿ unknown 300 ￿ Major accumulations are found on structural noses such as Nesson and Cedar Average Net Pay Thickness: ￿ 30 feet Creek Anticline. Smaller fields are found in fold structures draped over Other Formations with Shows:￿ Mission Canyon, 500 South Dakota Stony Mountain, and Red River Explanation basement fault blocks, or small, carbonate mounds. Accumulations in Harding 44 Approximate limit of County are thought to be primarily stratigraphic traps. the Red River Fm. Other Information: initial IP 24 BOPD; gravity 22 API; 62 BWPD; cumulative Ordovician or older 300 Wyoming rocks exposed at ￿ Source rock is thermally mature to overmature at the basin center, and land surface production (1995) 135 MBO, 5.2 MMBW, 1 well; Dewey County; primarily a 200 Thickness in feet of pinches out on the basin flanks. Winnipeg shale and marine shale of the Red structural / stratigraphic trap; also produces large volumes of 140 degree formation Red River Formation Nebraska River Formation are thought to be the primary source rock. Hydrocarbon water. Dolomite facies 42 generation and migration is estimated to have begun in Late Paleozoic time. Limestone and Dolomite facies Oilfield, Red River reservoir ￿ The nearest Red River production is thirty miles south of the reservation in Dewey County. Shows are present within the reservation and include oil staining Figure SR-9.1. Thickness in feet and generalized rock facies of the Red River (Ordovician) and in core, and gas and oil cut mud and water on DST's. equivalent rocks (after Peterson; 1981, 1984b). -2800

MORTON

HETTINGER -2800 SLOPE GRANT T EMMONS 1 45 / 130 0 CEDAR SIOUX 3 BOWMAN ADAMS CREEK Buffalo Field Parameters N -2700 65 bopd CAMPBELL (an example of Cedar Creek Anticline production) ANTICLINE 25 / 650 CORSON 240 / 960 Formation: Ordovician Red River Lithology: ￿ limestone / dolomite -2600 24 / 62 10 / 75 STANDING ROCK RESERVATION WALWORTH Average Depth: ￿ 8600 feet HARDING Porosity: ￿ 20% 4 / 7 PERKINS Permeability:￿ unknown 5 / 932 Oil / Gas Column: ￿ unknown DEWEY Lantry Average Net Pay Thickness: ￿ 15 feet Other Formations with Shows:￿ Charles and Red River ZIEBACH

WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE Other Information: initial IP 80 BOPD; gravity 30 API; 200 BWPD; cumulative ￿ T -2600 BUTTE production (1995) 19.8 MMBO, 47.2 MMCF, 93 wells; Harding County; primarily a 1 stratigraphic trap 2 Dewey County

MEADE N -2800 -2700 -2600 Ziebach County

R 21 E R 22 E STANLEY Lantry Field HAAKON Dewey County, South Dakota Red River Production, BLACK HILLS and Structure PENNINGTON Oil UPLIFT Mud Gas Core w/ oil stain Red River Water Production and Shows C.I.: 25 feet 5/932: BOPD / BWPD Red River Reservation Boundary Figure SR-9.3. Structure contour map and production of Red River Fm, Structural Figure SR-9.2. General location map of reservation indicating Elements Lantry Field. position of Red River hydrocarbon shows.

Standing Rock Reservation CONVENTIONAL PLAY TYPE 3 North and South Dakota Ordovician Red River Play Page 10 of 16 Figure SR-10.1. Regional map indicating burial depth of PLAY TYPE 4 Niobrara and possible porosity Montana Formations Cretaceous Pierre / Niobrara Biogenic Gas Play North in the area (after Lockridge 3000' Dakota Series

Area System and Pollastro, 1988). of General Characteristics- Upper Cretaceous Niobrara is a chalk and calcareous

burial Tertiary Paleocene shale that covers most of the western interior from and Eastern Colorado Hell Creek Formation below South into the Dakotas. It is assumed that a Niobrara gas play similar to the eastern Dakota 4000' burial > 3000' Fox Hills Sandstone Denver Basin (Beecher Island Field, Goodland Field) exists in the southern Wyoming Ø could be <35% Bearpaw Shale Williston Basin. Niobrara production in the Denver Basin is considered a self- Nebraska burial between sourced, continuous extent gas field. 3000-4000' Ø could be ￿ Estimated thickness of the Niobrara would be greater that 100 feet, and depth Colorado Kansas Niobrara Fm. 30-35% of Claggett Shale Pierre of burial is less than 1000 feet. Area of subcrop or outcrop might affect gas Shale

Eagle generation. Areal extent of production might be as small as 25 square miles. Upper occurrence Sandstone Gammon New of Oklahoma ￿ Shows on the Reservation include gas encountered in the Niobrara section, Shale Mexico and bleeding gas from fractures in Niobrara core. Shows are present outside of Limit the Reservation in Dewey County (high background gas in the Niobrara), Perkins

Carlile Shale County (high background gas in Niobrara) and in Stanley and Haakon Counties

Greenhorn Formation (free gas has been encountered, which is mainly methane with trace amounts of

Cretaceous ethane and propane, and gas flares). Belle Fourche Shale

Figure SR-10.2. General location map of reservation indicating position of Niobrara hydrocarbon Mowry Shale R44W 43 42 41 40 39 38 R37W shows (after United States Geological Survey, 1996). Muddy Sandstone unconformity Skull Creek Shale nonmarine T Fall River Sandstone MORTON rocks Vernon 1 coastal sandstones 2000 S HETTINGER Kootenai Formation calcareous Beecher Lower Low 2000 SLOPE GRANT rocks Island Sunburst SS Mbr. marine siltstones EMMONS Cut Bank SS Mbr. and shales 2 unconformity CEDAR SIOUX 2100 BOWMAN ADAMS CREEK Cherry

CAMPBELL Upper ANTICLINE Jurassic Creek, East Low 3 Armel CORSON St. Francis Kansas

2000 Colorado STANDING ROCK Figure SR-10.3. General correlation chart of Cretaceous 2200 RESERVATION rocks in Rice and Shurr's study area (after Rice and Shurr, 1980). WALWORTH Wheeler 4 SP Induction Log Figure SR-10.4. HARDING Niobrara type section PERKINS 1800 (after Lockridge and Low Benkelman Pollastro, 1988). 5 DEWEY 1900 Cheyenne Co.

ZIEBACH Niobrara Sherman Co.

WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE 2200 BUTTE 2000 2100 Niobrara Type Section I.J. Wilhite State No. 1 MEADE SE SW 36 2300 2400 2100 2500 T 22 N, R 21 E KB 2226 Figure SR-10.5. Example of effect of Gamma Ray Porosity (LS) Porosity (LS) 2500 STANLEY 0 200 60 45 30 15 60 45 30 15 driling time and HAAKON invasion on density 2600 and neutron porosity Neutron Porosity 2500 Neutron Porosity BLACK HILLS 2500

Density Porosity Springs Sharon logs (FDC and PENNINGTON PIERRE 2800 UPLIFT Crossover Slight Crossover CNL). J-W in Gas Zone in Gas Zone 2800 Operating No. 2 Niobrara Production and Shows Kitzmiller, NW NW Figure SR-10.6. Structure map on top of the Niobrara Formation, northwestern Kansas showing

2600 Sec. 4, 4-T3N-

2600

Member Smoky Hill Smoky Niobrara Reservation NIOBRARA R45W, Yuma a Niobrara gas field (in red). Contour interval is 100 feet. Hypothetical or unconventional play Run Two - 17 days after analog for Ft. Berthold reservation (after Lockridge and Pollastro, 1988). Boundary drilling gas zone County, Colorado Run One - soon after Structural drilling gas zone (after Lockridge and Elements Pollastro, 1988).

Standing Rock Reservation Unconventional/Hypothetical Play Type 4 Page 11 of 16 North and South Dakota Cretaceous Pierre / Niobrara Biogenic Gas Play Figure SR-11.1. PLAY TYPE 5 Formations General correlation

Series chart of Cretaceous Cretaceous Pierre / Greenhorn Limestone Play System rocks in Rice and Fort Union Formation

Tertiary Shurr's study area - Paleocene Cretaceous General Characteristics - The Greenhorn limestone is located below the Hell Creek Formation Montana, Wyoming, Epeiric Seaway Niobrara chalk member, and is a regional, transgressive limestone and chalk that Fox Hills Sandstone North and South covers most of the Williston and parts of the Denver basin and Eeast Flank of the Bearpaw Shale Dakota (after Rice and Alaska Greenland Shurr, 1980). Balck Hills. Although not normally considered a hydrocarbon producer, regional Judith River Formation studies (Rice and Shurr, 1980) suggest the Greenhorn may have biogenic gas

Claggett Shale Pierre potential. Shale

Eagle ￿ Greenhorn and Peirre shows have been encountered within reservation Upper Sandstone Gammon boundaries (bleeding gas from Greenhorn samples), and south of the reservation Shale in Haakon County (flares of gas, and gas cut mud of DST). Niobrara Formation

Carlile Shale Canada Greenhorn Formation 112 110 108 Cretaceous 106 104 102 Belle Fourche Shale 49 Canada United States Mowry Shale

Muddy Sandstone unconformity Skull Creek Shale Cretaceous nonmarine 48 Fall River Sandstone rocks Epeiric Seaway coastal sandstones United Kootenai Formation calcareous States Lower rocks Sunburst SS Mbr. marine siltstones 47 0 Cut Bank SS Mbr. and shales unconformity Cretaceous Epeiric Seaway Explanation

Morrison Formation Limestone Dakota North

Upper 46 Jurassic Shaly Limestone Shale Mexico Cuba Sandstone Montana MORTON Shaly Sandstone Wyoming HETTINGER 45 SLOPE GRANT EMMONS

CEDAR SIOUX Dakota South 44 BOWMAN ADAMS CREEK CAMPBELL ANTICLINE Figure SR-11.5. Facies map for interval 2 (Belle Fourche, Greenhorn, and CORSON Figure SR-11.3. Paleogeographic map of North America during Late equivalents) (after Rice and Shurr, 1980). STANDING ROCK Cretaceous time, showing the extent of the Cretaceous seaway (after RESERVATION Rice and Shurr, 1980). WALWORTH HARDING SP Induction Log PERKINS

DEWEY Greenhorn 2500 Type ZIEBACH Section Greenhorn WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE BUTTE

MEADE 2600

STANLEY HAAKON Belle Fouche I.J. Wilhite State No. 1 BLACK HILLS 2700 UPLIFT PENNINGTON SE SW 36

Greenhorn T 22 N, R 21 E Production and Shows KB 2226 Figure SR-11.2. General location map of Greenhorn Reservation Boundary reservation indicating position of Greenhorn Figure SR-11.4. Greenhorn type section (after Rice and Shurr, 1980). Structural hydrocarbon shows (after United States Elements Geological Survey,1996).

Standing Rock Reservation Unconventional/Hypothetical Play Type 5 Page 12 of 16 North and South Dakota Cretaceous Pierre / Greenhorn Limestone Play R 1 E PLAY TYPE 6 Figure SR-12.2. 33 34 35 Niobrara Figure SR-12.4. Structure Generalized stratigraphic T contour map indicating areas of 1 Pennsylvanian Leo Play Alum Creek section of the Upper 0 production found in the Alum Uni Carlile Pennsylvanian interval S Creek Field (after Cardinal and General Characteristics - Usually a Powder River Basin Play, the Leo Sand (after Cardinal and B' Sherer, 1984). Oil-Water contact Sherer, 1984). 10 determined by structure and carbonate units produce on the north flank of the Black Hills at Alum Creek 20 map on top of porosity Discovery Well and Barker Dome Fields. (Nebraska) Structural traps are rare, while stratigraphic 30 Greenhorn pinchouts are more common. The Leo is described as an eolian deposit, which is 4 3 2 about 18 feet thick at Alum Creek Field reservoir. Sandstone units are A' Muddy sandwiched between layers of dolomite and anhydrite. A T ￿ Source rock for the Leo is organic rich marine shale. In the Powder River Dakota 1 Alum Creek Field 1 Basin, thermal maturity and migration coincide with Laramide uplift. (Fall River) B Fall River County, South Dakota s Gas-Oil contact Datum - Top Missouri - "2nd Leo" ￿ A "Minnelusa Age" gas show was encountered at Standing Rock (background Morrison C.I. : 25 feet Isopach - "2nd Leo" Porosity > 10% gas increase), and shows have been encountered west of the Reservation in 9 10 I.I. : 10 feet

Sundance 700 Perkins County. Typical shows are gas increases above background with Zone of Gas Production Scale 600 Zone of Oil Production methane through butane being recorded. Shows have been recorded in Haakon 600 Feet Spearfish Zone of Water Production County. 0 Goose Egg 100 A Apache Corp. Apache Corp. Apache Corp. Placid Oil Placid Oil A' 200 Minnekahta Fed. Alum Creek 4-1 3-1 Alum Creek Fed. 3-4 Alum Creek Fed. Fed. 3-9 Fed. 2-12 West Sec. 4, T11S-R1E Sec. 3, T11S-R1E Sec. 3, T11S-R1E Sec. 3, T11S-R1E Sec. 2, T11S-R1E East MORTON 500 Minnelusa HETTINGER Red Shale Marker KB 4034' KB 3981' KB 3978' KB 4063' SLOPE GRANT EMMONS Pennsylvanian

"Leo" 3300 CEDAR 3100 BOWMAN ADAMS SIOUX Atokan CREEK Bell Permian ANTICLINE CAMPBELL

Madison 3200

3300 3400 CORSON 3200 Structural

Virgil Leo 1

3300 Datum STANDING ROCK RESERVATION 61W 1E 9E 3300

WALWORTH

3400

3500 3300 HARDING 2 Leo

3S 3400

PERKINS Missouri

Leo 3 3400

DEWEY 3500

Pennsylvanian

3600 3400

Leo 4 3500

ZIEBACH Des Moines Explanation Barker Dome Leo 5 Dewey WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE Sandstone porosity > 10%

Plum Canyon 3700 3500

BUTTE Sandstone porosity < 10% 3600

Cascade MEADE Atoka Mule Creek Chilson Edgemont ALUM CREEK Red Bird Figure SR-12.5. Cross-section A-A' west to east, Alum Creek field, illustrating the stratigraphic relationship of the

Cottonwood Creek 2nd Leo porous interval highlighted (after Cardinal and Sherer, 1984). Alum Creek STANLEY NE Indian Creek HAAKON Cow Gulch Alum Creek Field Parameters Indian Creek 12S Formation:￿ Pennsylvanian Leo BLACK HILLS Nebraska 35N UPLIFT PENNINGTON Lithology:￿ fine to medium grained, sub-angular to rounded, quartz-rich Minnelusa / Leo sandstone Production and Shows

Wyoming Wyoming Average Depth:￿ 3400 feet 32N Porosity:￿ 17% Minnelusa Reservation Boundary Permeability:￿ 2 to 493 md, average 68 md Structural Elements Oil / Gas Column:￿ oil 76 feet gas 29 feet

Figure SR-12.1. General location map of reservation indicating position of Minnelusa/Leo 29N Average Net Pay Thickness:￿ 18 feet hydrocarbon shows. 61W 49W Other Shows:￿ Upper Minnelusa, 4th Leo Sand 57W Other Information: stratigraphic-structural; initial discovery 1642 MCFGPD, oil gravity is 33 API; cumulative production is 2.1 MMBO and 3.3 MMCF gas from 5 Figure SR-12.3. Index map of Pennsylvanian Leo producing wells. fields (after Cardinal and Sherer, 1984). Standing Rock Reservation UNCONVENTIONAL / HYPOTHETICAL PLAY TYPE 6 Page 13 of 16 North and South Dakota Pennsylvanian Leo Play Figure SR-13.1. Regional PLAY TYPE 7 A A' north- south cross-section 180 Mi 90 Mi 150 Mi (after Rice and Shurr, 1980). Cretaceous Carlile Shale / Turner Sandstone Play GLACIER NAT'L PARK Cretaceous MARINE SHALE & WILLOW CREEK NONMARINE ROCKS SILTSTONE Epeiric Seaway General Characteristics - Usually considered a Powder River Basin Play, has FM (PART) COASTAL SANDSTONE potential in this part of the Williston Basin. The Turner Sandstone in Wyoming CHALK & LIMESTONE Alaska Greenland CALCAREOUS SHALE is on the shallow eastern flank of the Powder River Basin. The Turner is marine ST MARY RIVER FM BEARPAW MTNS sandstone, from 5 to 35 feet thick, and is generally a tight reservoir rock, WEST FLANK WILLISTON BASIN containing , interstitial clay and lithic fragments. It is approximately HORSETHIEF DOWDOIN BEARPAW SHALE SANDSTONE FOX DOME equivalent to the 1st Frontier sands on the west flank of the Powder River Basin. HELL CREEK FM. HILLS SS ￿ Although no shows in the Turner have been encountered within the FOX HILLS SS Reservation, many shows have been evaluated in Haakon County (gas increase, BEARPAW SHALE gas kicks). JUDITH RIVER FM Canada CLAGGETT SHALE ARDMORE BENTONITE BED EAGLE SS Southeastern North Central Cretaceous Series VIRGELLE SS GAMMON Alberta Montana TELEGRAPH SHALE Epeiric Seaway CREEK FM. NIOBRARA FM CARLILE SHALE Frenchman Fm. United States MARIAS RIVER SHALE Hill Creek BELLE FOURCHE SH GREENHORN FM Battle Fm. Upper Cretaceous Whitemud Fm. MOWRY SHALE 0

Edmon- Lower Cretaceous Cretaceous ton Gp. Eastend Fm. Fox Hills SS Epeiric Seaway SKULL CREEK SHALE VAUGHN MUDDY SS Bearpaw Shale Bearpaw Shale MBR BLACKLEAF FM Mexico Oldman Fm.

Cuba Judith River Fm.

Group Group River Belle Foremost Fm. MORTON

HETTINGER Pakowki Fm. Claggett Shale SLOPE GRANT Gammon EMMONS Eagle SS Milk River Equiv. Shale CEDAR SIOUX Telegraph Creek Fm. BOWMAN ADAMS CREEK Figure SR-13.3. Paleographic map of North America during Late CAMPBELL First ANTICLINE Cretaceous time, showing the extent of the Cretaceous seaway Niobrara Fm. Whit CORSON (after Rice and Shurr, 1980). Medicine Hat SS Specks Carlile Shale

STANDING ROCK RESERVATION WALWORTH Second White Specks HARDING 102 11 Canada 106 104 Mosby SS Mbr. PERKINS 11 108

Green- horn 49 Fm. United States Second White Belle Fourche DEWEY

Specks SS Shale Group Colorado Fish Scale SS ZIEBACH 48 Mowry Shale T WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE BUTTE Bow Island Fm. Muddy SS T MEADE 47 Presently Producing Gas Interval Nonmarine Rocks Interval with potential for gas Marine T production from low-permeability T Explanation Marine Siltstone & reservoirs Shale North Dakota T STANLEY 46 HAAKON Shaly Limestone South Dakota Figure SR-13.4. Correlation chart of selected Cretaceous rocks in BLACK HILLS Shale north-central Montana and southeastern Alberta showing currently UPLIFT PENNINGTON Sandstone productive intervals and those with potential for gas production Montana 45 Turner Shows from low-permiability reservoirs (after Rice and Shurr, 1980). Wyoming

T Turner Reservation Boundary Structural 44 Elements

Figure SR-13.2. General location map of reservation indicating Turner hydrocarbon Figure SR-13.5. facies map for interval 3 (Carlile and equivalents). (after shows (after United States Geological Survey, 1996). Rice and Shurr, 1980).

Standing Rock Reservation UNCONVENTIONAL/HYPOTHETICAL PLAY TYPE 7 Page 14 of 16 North and South Dakota Cretaceous Charlie Shale / Turner Sandstone Play PLAY TYPE 8 Figure SR-14.2. Correlation 106 Southeastern North Central 104 Cretaceous Shannon / Sussex Sands Play Series chart of selected Cretaceous Alberta Montana rocks in north-central Montana Williston Basin Frenchman Fm. and southeastern Alberta 46 A North Dakota General Characteristics- Normally a Powder River Basin Play, the Shannon / South Dakota Battle Fm. Hill Creek showing currently productive Sussex sandstone may be productive in this part of the Williston Basin. The Whitemud Fm. intervals and those with potential B C

Edmon- Shannon sandstone is Eagle equivalent in Western Montana and produces out of ton Gp. Eastend Fm. Fox Hills SS for gas production from low-

the at Cedar Creek Anticline. Production from the Shannon permiability reservoirs (after Rice D Bearpaw Shale Bearpaw Shale and Shurr, 1980). Montana Sandstone is west of the Reservation at West Short Pine Hills and Cady Creek 45 Wyoming Fields, in Harding County. Oldman Fm. Judith River Fm.

Powder Black

Group Group River ￿ The Shannon occurs above the Niobrara Chalk, within the Pierre Shale and is Belle Foremost Fm. River Hills a fine-grained, well-sorted, marine sandstone. In Wyoming, the Shannon, Basin produces from reservoirs 10 to 30 feet thick in belts 0.5 to 3 miles wide and from Pakowki Fm. Claggett Shale 44 Seaway 5 to 30 miles long. Eagle SS Gammon Milk River Equiv. Shale Uplands ￿ Source rock is the Niobrara Formation and Carlile Shales. In this area, Telegraph Creek Fm. maturation and migration are unknown, as is reservoir quality. Shelf First Niobrara Fm. ￿ Shows are not recorded on the Reservation, however, due to the lenticular Whit Medicine Coastal Plain nature of the sand bodies, the lack of well control, and the thick Peirre Shale Hat SS Specks section, some of the recorded Pierre gas shows present in other plays described, Carlile Shale may be in Shannon equivalent rocks. Second White Specks Mosby SS Mbr.

Green- horn Fm. MORTON Second White Belle Fourche Figure SR-14.2. Regional paleogeography of the western magin of the Western Interior

HETTINGER Specks SS Shale seaway during the Campanian. Shallow gas fields associated with the Shannon include: Colorado Group Group Colorado SLOPE GRANT Fish Scale SS (A) Liscom Creek, (B) Pumpkin Creek, (C) West Short Pine HIlls, and (D) Cady Creek (after EMMONS Mowry Shale Shurr et al, 1988).

CEDAR SIOUX BOWMAN ADAMS Bow Island Fm. Muddy SS CREEK￿ ￿ CAMPBELL Nonmarine Rocks ANTICLINE Presently Producing Gas Interval ￿ Interval with potential for gas Marine CORSON production from low-permeability STANDING ROCK Marine Siltstone & reservoirs Shale RESERVATION 106 105 104 103

WALWORTH 0 0 HARDING 0 0 0 PERKINS NW SE 0 Montana 46 South Dakota North Dakota 10 DEWEY Approximate position of Gammon Ferruginous Member South Dakota Shannon Sandstone Member of Pierre Shale Eagle 0 10 Sandstone Niobrara 10 0 ZIEBACH Telegraph Creek Formation WHITEWOOD ANTICLINE Formation 10 0 BUTTE 1 20 0 2 3 4 Niobrara 20 30 0 0 Formation 10 10 ￿ 0 MEADE Gammon 0 Shale 10 Explanation NW 20 Montana 45 Sandstone Wyoming SE STANLEY Shale HAAKON Calcareous Shale BLACK HILLS Chalk UPLIFT PENNINGTON Generalized Time Lines Figure SR-14.5. Generalized map of sandstone thickness in the Shannon interpreted from Pierre / Shannon spontaneous potential (SP) logs. Gross sandstone thickness is based on a 10 or more millivolt Production and Shows 1 4 Position of shelf-slope breaks deflection from a shale baseline. Contour interval is 10 feet (after Shurr et al, 1988).

Pierre/Shannon Reservation Figure SR-14.4. Regional cross-section summarizing the stratigraphic setting of the Shannon in fields and Boundary shows Montana and South Dakota (after Shurr et al , 1988)

Structural Elements

Figure SR-14.1. General location map of reservation indicating Pierre/Shannon hydrocarbon shows (after United States Geological Survey, 1996).

Standing Rock Reservation CONVENTIONAL PLAY TYPE 8 Page 15 of 16 North and South Dakota Cretaceous Shannon / Sussex Sands Play Standing Rock Reservation Cardinal, D. F. and Sherer, M., 1984, "Alum Creek Field, Fall River County, Shurr, George W., Nelson, C.L. and Jenkins, J.T. Jr., 1988, "Prediction of General References South Dakota", Thirty-fifth Annual Field Conference, Wyoming Geological Sandstone Geometry in the Upper Cretaceous Shannon Sandstone in the Association Guidebook, p. 169-182. Northern Powder River Basin", Thirty-ninth Field Conference, Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, p. 217-228. Anderson, Robert C., 1995, The Oil and Gas Opportunity on Indian Lands- Dolson, John, Mueller, D., Evetts, M.J. and Stein, J.A., March 1991, "Regional Exploration Policies and Procedures, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Division of Paleotopographic Trends and Production, Muddy Sandstone (Lower Sperr, J.T., et al., 1993, "Wabek and Plaza Fields: Carbonate Shoreline Traps in Energy and Mineral Resources, General Publication G-95-3, 158 p. Cretaceous), Central and Northern ", American the Williston Basin of North Dakota"; North Dakota Geologic Survey Field Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Volume 75/3, p. 409-35. Study, No. 1. Beeman, William R., et al., 1996, Digital Map Data, Text and Graphical Images in Support of the 1995 Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Resources, Dolten, Gordon L. and Fox, James E., 1996, "Powder River Basin Province Weimer, R. 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County, South Dakota",Williston Basin Field Summaries, Petroleum Geological Survey, 21 p. Information. Gautier, Donald L., et al., 1996, 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil Wulf, George R., 1968, "Lower Cretaceous Muddy Sandstone in the Northern and Gas Resources - Results, Methodology, and Supporting Data, United ______, 1984, "Jones Creek Field Red River Pool - Harding County, South Rockies", Black Hills Area, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Wyoming States Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30 Release 2. Dakota", Williston Basin Field Summaries, Petroleum Information. Geological Association, 20th Field Conference Guidebook, p. 29-34 ______., et al., 1995, 1995 National Assessment of United States Oil ______, 1984, "Lantry Field Red River Pool - Dewey County, South Dakota", Standing Rock - Map References and Gas Resources, Overview of the 1995 National Assessment of Potential Williston Basin Field Summaries, Petroleum Information. Additions to Technically Recoverable Resources of Oil and Gas - Onshore Executive Reference Map 334, 1985 edition, Extended Area, Northern Rocky and State Waters of the United States, United States Geological Survey Howells, Lewis, 1982, "Geohydrology of the Standing Rock Indian Reservation Mountains, Geomap Company. Circular 1118, 20 p. North and South Dakota", Hydrologic Investigations Atlas, United States Geological Survey, G3701, svar U5, HA-644. Executive Reference Map 321, 1983 edition, Southern Williston Basin, Geomap Mallory, William Wyman, et al., 1972, Geologic Atlas of the Rocky Mountain Company. Region, Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists ,331 p. LeFeur, Richard D, and McCloskey, Jerry G., 1995, "Depositional History of the Newcastle Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Williston Basin, North Dakota, Indian Land Areas, 1992, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Peterson, James A. and MacCary, Lawrence M., 1987, "Regional Stratigraphy South Dakota, and Eastern Montana", Seventh International Williston Basin Indian Affairs. and General Petroleum Geology of the U.S. Portion of the Williston Basin Symposium, Montana Geological Society, Billings, Montana, p. 411-416. and Adjacent Areas", Williston Basin: Anatomy of a Cratonic Oil Province, Clayton, Lee, et al., 1980, Geological Map of North Dakota, North Dakota Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 9-43. Lockridge, John P. and Pollastro, Richard M., 1988, "Shallow Upper Cretaceous Geological Survey. Niobrara Gas Fields in the Eastern Denver Basin", Carbonate Symposium, Rice, Dudley D. and Shurr, George W., July 1980, "Shallow, Low-Permeability Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 63-74. Darton, N. H., et al., 1951, Geological Map of South Dakota, United States Reservoirs of the Northern - Assessment of their Natural Gas Geological Survey. Resources", American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Nixon, R. P., January 1973, "Oil Source Beds in Cretaceous Mowry Shale of Volume 64/7, p. 969-987. Northwestern Interior United States", American Association of Petroleum Ross, Clyde p., et al., 1958, Geological Map of Montana, Montana Bureau of Geologists Bulletin, v. 57/1, p. 136-161. Mines. 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Reishus, Mark, 1968, "The Newcastle Formation in the Williston Basin of North Bolyard, Dudley W., 1969, "Muddy Sand Oil Potential in South Dakota", Dakota", Report of Investigation 47, North Dakota Geological Survey, p. 26. Montana Geological Society, Eastern Montana Symposium, p. 85-94. Schoon, Robert A., 1971, "Geology and Hydrology of the in Bretz, Richard, 1981, "List of Natural Gas Occurrences in South Dakota by South Dakota", Report of Investigation 104, South Dakota Geological County", Open-File Report No. 2-BAS, South Dakota State Geological Survey, p. 38. Survey, 147 p. Standing Rock Reservation REFERENCES Page 16 of 16 North and South Dakota