• 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 323

Mr. McCOMAS introduced a bill (S. 1379) for repayment of HARBOR OF ST. PETERSBURG, FLA.. duty on anthracite coal, and for other purposes; which was read Mr. MALLORY submitted the following concurrent resolution; twice by its title, and refe1Ted to the Committee on Finance, which was referred to the Committee on Commerce. · He also introduced a bill (S. 1380) to provide for a site for a de­ Re~;olved by the Senate (the House of Rep1·esentatives concurl''ing), That the pot for the Revenue-Cutter Service; which was read twice by its Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to cause a survey to be made of the harbor of St. Petersburg, on Tampa Bay, in Florida, title, and referred to the Committee on Commerce. with a view to securing an adequate basin at said point for loading and unload­ He also introduced a bill (S. 1381) for the relief of the heu·s of ing ocean-going vessels, with a channel roo feet in width and 24 feet in depth, John D. Clemson; which was read twice by its title, and referred from said basin to the main ship channel in Tampa Bay. to the Committee on Claims. TRE.!.TY OF 18i8 WITH NEW GRAN ADA. He also introduced a bill (S. 1382) to provide for the sale of lot :Mr. SPOONER submitted the following resolution; which was 4, square 1113. in the city of Washington, D. C.; which was read considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on the District Resolved, That the b·eaty of peace, amity, navigation, and commerce en­ of Columbia. tered into between the United Statesand New Granada, proclaimed June 1~, He also introduced a bill (S. 1383) to award a medal of honor 1848, be printed as a Senate document. to Maj. John 0. Skinner, surgeon, United States Army. retu·ed; Mr. PLATT of Connecticut. I move that the Senate adjourn. which was read twice by its title, and. with the accompanying The motion was agreed to; and (at 12 o'clock and 20 minutes paper, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. p.m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Thursday, Novem- Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 1384) for the relief of ber 19, HW3, at 12 o'clock m. " the University of the State of Missouri; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. Mr. OVERMAN introduced a bill (S. 1385) to correct the mm­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. tary record of H. A. White; which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. WEDNESDAY, Novmnbe:r 18, 1903. Mr. SPOONER introduced a bill (S. 1386) granting an increase The Honse met at 12 o'clock m. of pension to Samuel J. Lyon; which was read twice by its title, Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. COUDEN, D. D. · and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. Pensions. CUBAN RECIPROCITY. Mr. PLATT of Connecticut introduced a bill (S. 1387) to refund The SPEAKER. In pursuance of the resolution adopted here­ internal-revenue taxes paid by owners of private dies; which was tofore, the House resolves itself into Committee of the Whole read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. House on the state of the Union for the further consideration of Mr. FRYE introduced the following bills: which were severally the bill H. R.1921, and the gentleman from New York, Mr. SHER­ read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Pen­ MA...~, will take the chair. sions: ThB House accordingly resolved itself into Committee of the A bill (S. 1388) granting an increase of pension to Orson H. Whole House on the state of the Union, :Mr. SHERMAN in the Sawtelle (with an accompanying paper); and chair. • A bill (S. 1389) granting an increase of pension to Frederick 0. The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole Graffam (with an accompanying paper). House on the state of the Union for the further consideration of Mr. FRYE introduced a joint resolution (S. R. 12) for the erec­ the bill H. R. 1921, the title of which will be announced by the tion of a monument to the memory of Dorothea Lynde Dix; which Clerk. was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, The Clerk read as follows: referred to the Committee on the Library. A bill (H. R. 1921) to carry into effect a convention between the United JULIA States and the Republic of Cuba, signed on the 11th day of December, in the C. BRADLEY. year 1902. · 1\fr. QUARLES submitted the following resolution; which was Mr. PAYNE. :Mr. Chairman, I now yield one hour to the referred to the Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent gentleman hom Ohio [Mr. GROSVE~OR). Expenses of the Senate: Mr. GROSVENOR. :Mr. Chau·man, the question under consid­ Resol1:ed. That the Secretary of the Senate be, and he is hereby, authorized eration is the question of whether or not the House of Representa­ ann dire~ted to :{lay to Julia C. Bradley, widow of David B. Bradley, lateEeu­ 'tenant of police m the Capitol of the United States, a sum equal to six months' tives, as a part of the legislative department of the Government, salary at the rate he was receiving by law at the time of his demise., said sum will consent to or approve the so-called Cuban reciprocity treaty. to be considered as including funeral expenses and all other allowances. The debate has taken a very wide and somewhat diversified range. IMPROVEME~TS ON CO ART OF NEW JERSEY. I do not believe there is anyone here less anxious to debate this question than I am. and I would be glad to yield the floor this mo­ Mr. DRYDEN submitted the following concurrent resolution; ment to a motion that the committee rise and take a vote on the which was considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: passage of the bill. But the opportunity is gi\en for general de­ Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concu:n"ing), That the bate, and under that head we have had a variety. I regret very Secretary of War cause an examination and survey to be made for the pur­ pose of a certaining the cost and feasibility of extending a 16-foot channel of much that we have not had any discussion on the other side of the suitable width from the present channel north of Corner Stake light in an House on the question of the Panama Canal. I had expected that easterly direction and north of Shooters Island to Kill van Kull, to st1·aighten an alert minority charged with no duty except that of patriotism, and incre..'I.Se the width of waterway at Shooters Island and r elieve the con­ gestion of commerce at that point; also, a like examination and survey for and not overwhelmed with that [laughter], would have brought the purpose of ascertaining the C03t and feasibility of removing the reef at into the arena of public debate discussion of a question of so much Bergen Point light and deepening to 16 feet and improving and straighten­ importance and of such novelty in the matter of the relation of our ing the channel between Kill van Kull and Elizabethport, with a plan or plans for making such improvements and estimates thereof. Government to another alleged republic. I use the word" alleged" in ignorance of the exact condition, PROPOSED GRAVING DOCK. while believing that the position of the Administration is unas­ Mr. MALLORY. I submit a resolution and ask unanimous sailable and that it will redound to the honor and glory of the consent for its immediate consideration. American people. I congratulate the other side that it has had The resolution was read, as follows: the wisdom to avoid the danger of again antagonizing the country. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he is hereby, directed to Coming for a few moments only tll the real question, I desire inform the Senate whether or not it is desirable, in the interest of the Navy, to trace the progress of this treaty and the reason why it is a that the Government of the United States should construct and own a grav­ pertinent question before the Homze of Representatives. I do not ing dock, of capacity suffic::ent to dock the largest battle ships of the Navy,at some port on the coast of the United States, on the Gulf of Mexico, and if consent that any vote that I may give here and now hall be chal­ in his jude:ment the same is desirable to also inform the Senate at what lenged on the other side hereafter or now as reflecting upon my port on saia coast such dock should be located, and the probable cost of the relation to the great dominating question of protection to Amer­ same when completed. ican industries and as reflecting upon my standing as an unyield­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the pres­ ing protectionist. I have never felt any anxiety when I have ent consideration of the resolution? been assailed on this side of the House occasionally. I have never Mr. PENROSE. I move the reference of the resolution to the felt that there was any question in the minds of anybody for Committee on Naval Affairs. whose opinion I had a high regard a-s to whether I had been • Mr. MALLORY. If the Senator from Pennsylvania will permit f:!ithful now and always to the principle of protection as enunci­ me, I will state that my object is to get the information for the ated by the Republican party. On the other side of the House use of the Committee on Naval Affairs in time to enable the we are congratulated. The gentleman from New York (Mr.l\fc­ committee to consider it when the appropriation bill comes CLELL..A.N] has, in a speech made yesterday, laid the foundation, I before it. hope, for a great career in American politics. Mr. PENROSE. I ask that the resolution may go over under I rather desire to nominate him upon some portions of his speech the rule. - as a Democratic candidate for President. He has some advan­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will go over under the rule. tages over all the other candidates. No man on this floor has 324 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NOVEl\ffiER 18,

ever said of him, as was said by a very distinguished Representa­ influ~ce our co~try, foremost in the bounties of nature, has become fore­ most m production. It has enabled the laborer to successfully insist upon tive from Missouri, in speaking of the only man who has been good wages, and has induced capital to engage in production with a hope of elected P1·esident of the United States on the Democratic ticket a fa}r.rewa;rd. I~ vindication is found in the history of its success, and the since the dawn and final establishment of freedom in the United !ap1di~ ~th which our natural resources have been developed and our • md?Str.ml. mterests secw·ed demand that we heartily renew our pledge to States, that he had brought more injury upon the human race mamtam1t. than had ever been brought upon it by any other individual since . "Ta~ff rates ma-de to carry t~ policy into effect shall be just, fair, and the fall of Adam. My friend from New York has no such record unpai'tial, equally opposed to foreign control and domestic mono~ly to sec­ as that. He has never brought any injury upon anybody, and tional discrimination and individual favoritism, and must from time 'to time be ch~nged to m~et the v.arying c~ndi~ons incidl}nt to the progress of our in­ therefore I nominate him, with all due respect to the coming dusf!ries and their changmg relatiOns mour fore1gn and domestic commerce. convention at St. Louis, or Chicago, or wherever it may be. He Duties that are too low should be increased, and duties that are too high should be reduced." is a man without a detrimental record, and that is what our An intelligent reader will not be lona in discovering two things: First, Democratic friends on the other side will badly need when they that there is nosubstantie.lormaterial difference whatever between the Ohio come to make a candidate for President. It will not be what the platform and the Iowa platform and from little further consideration it will candidate has done so much as what he has not done. be discovered that the keynote of both of them is found in the speech of Gen­ eral GR_DSVENOR7 heretofore quof:ed. The idea all the way through in the It is said on this side that we are getting some light. I take it speech, m the Ohio pln.tform, and m the Iowa platform is covered by these by the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD that somebody on the other side has words in ~aneml GROSVENOR'S speech: "Earnestly as I upport the doctrine of protectiOn * * * I would not be classed among tho e who worship a got some light. And I want to express my delight that the Dem­ statute as a fetichist. The protective tariff law is subject to the fiuctua­ ocratic party on this floor has chosen as their leader and spokes­ tio?S o~ conditions, and it m~~ be wisely considered and fearlessly made to man a gentleman who has put into a very concise and almost epi­ adJUS~l~elf.~ the new. conditions that are paramount.to old pre)udices." ThiS 1dea ISm the Ohio platform, as follows: "Changmg conditions and the grammatic form a declaration of principles upon the question of possible benefits of reciprocity may call for the timely readjustment of sched­ the protective tariff that shows that he too, like the famous king ules." And in the Iowa platform we have the following: •· Tariff rates made in olden times, is almost persuaded to be a Republican Christian tocarrythis.policyt~ltoe:ffectshould bejust,fair,andimpartial * • * and must from tune to time be changed to meet the varying conditions incident on this subject. [Laughter on the Republican side.] to the progress, etc." Here, then, is the whole thing in a nutshell; First the Here is the declaration of the Ron. JOHN SHARP WILLIAMS, of firm, resolute, and unyielding proclamation of faithful adherence to th,. 'doc­ Mississippi, made in the House on yesterday: trine and policy of protection-its principle., its practice, and itsfu~ent­ We shall fight for a revision of the tariff-for reductions as far as :possible and the simple admission that times and conditions may demand thange of consistent with economical and effective governmental administratiOn, and the schedule, but not of the policy itself. consistent, also, with the desire not destructively to revolutionize existing It must be apparent to everyone who reads and is impartial in his judg­ conditions, nor to destroy honest, legitimate, and nonmonopolistic enterprise. ment that the keynote of any modification of preexisting declarations upon the tar~ question .is found in. General GROSVENOR'S speech made a year ago Now, we have an Iowa idea and we have an Ohio idea, and we last April, and which has been carefully followed by every convention since. have a Grosvenor idea which antedates both of them, made in April last, all supposed to be strong, sound, Republican tariff, pro­ And here is a gentleman who has summarized the whole gist of tection doctrines. all three of those platforms and puts it in here, simply alleging it I reproduce here, for the purpose of illustration, three tariff away in the beginning, and putting in the words "monopolistic planks, the ~arliest dated April10, 1902, being an extract from a enterprises" at the end. All the rest is exactly the Republican speech which I had the honor to make in this House; secondly, position on the tariff. We are perfectly willing to revise the tariff the tariff plank of the Republican platform made at Columbus, when we get ready. We propose to do it ourselves and to ask no Ohio, on· the 2d of June, 1903, and, thirdly, the Iowa plank of the aid from the other side of this House. We propose to do it with the current year, with certain comments made by the editor of a special reference to the upholding and upbuilding of American newspaper which published these three planks: industTy and the interests of capital, and that is the proposition of the gentleman. FUTURE OF TARIFF PLil"K-N'O DIFF~CES OF OPINION DISCLOSED BY UTTERANCE OF PARTY PLATFORM.8-SPEECIIES OF PARTY LEADERS­ We propose to do it without disturbing present conditions, and "THE IOWA IDEA" WAS NOT A REVOLUTION IN POLITICAL SENTIMENTS in our opinion there is nothing that could be more destructive of AMOKG REPUBLICANS-A COMPARISON OF THE TARIFF PLANKS. present conditions than the introduction into power of the Demo­ There is much discussion these days in regard to the differences of opinion about the future of our Republican tariff plank. cratic party. But I will show you before I get done this latter is "The Iowa idea" was said to be a. complete revolution in political senti­ an absolute, physical impossibility during the next two years. So ment.sa.mong tbe Republicans, and Governor Cummins has been hailed as the other people are getting light as well as our side of the House. author of a new departure. It will be seen by an examination of the matter following that if there is any differences of opinion among Republicans in The gentleman fTom Mississippi is a progressive gentleman. His regard to the attitude of the party on the tariff question it is not disclosed selection as leader of the Democratic minority of the House is sug­ by the utterances of party platforms or the speeches of party leaders. If gestive of the old proposition made a long time ago by a United there is any differences of opinion upon the substantial matter of the plat­ form, we are unable to discover them. Long after the agitation of the ques­ States Senator, that the Democratic party follows after the Re­ tion of revision had been made in the country and in Congress, General publi~n party," camping to-~ght where we camped last night, GROSVENOR made a speech in the House of Representatives, the exact date searching around among the dymg embers of our campfires trying being AprillO, 1902, in which he said as follows-we quote from the official to draw some little satisfaction and nourishment from the wreck report of the speech: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UNITED STATES-CUBAN RECIPROCITY. of the meals that we have served in our progress forward." "Earnestly as I support the doctrine of protection, cordially as I stand by But we have a gentleman on the other side of the House who is the platform of the party, enthusiastically as I defend the operation and still in the bonds of iniquity and the gall of bitterness. I guess I effect of the Dingley tariff bill, I would not be classed among those who wor­ better turn that "gall" to the other end of the sentence. He is ship a statu~ as a fetichist. A protective ta1·iff law is subJect to the fluctua­ tions of conditions, and it must be wisely considered and fearlessly made to in favor of free trade. I speak of the distinguished gentleman adjust itself to the new conditions that are paramount to old prejudices; but from Vil·ginia [Mr. SwANSON], who made such a profound im­ when the time comes, and that time has not come yet, when there ought to pression, as is said, upon an English free trader here that the be a modification of the tariff law, the suggestion of wisdom is that the changes shall be made by the friends of protection, and I modestly suggest Englishman declared he would go home and defeat Chamberlain that no men are better c.'l.pable of saying when changes shall be made and at every turn of the road if he could do it. [Laughter.] The how they shall be made than are the men who observed the country suffer­ gentleman from Virginia [Mr. SwANSON] has argued that our ing under the pangs of poverty and industrial depression under the only Democratic Administration since the war, and who emerged with thetrium­ present attitude on the tariff question is about to destroy our for­ ph~nt column of McKinleyism under the new leader, the venerated antl ever eign trade. The Democratic party is largely interested in the to be admired Dingley, out over the Jordan of dispair and into the promised foreign trade of our country. It has always taken steps to pro­ land of prosperity and peace and hope in which we are now living." For these utterances, made at that early v.eriod, General GROSVENOR was mote it, and the pathway over which it has traveled, instead of shamefully abused by some of the self-constituted newspapers of Republican being strewn with the growth and development of our foreign sentiment. and it was charged that he had gone over to the revisionists. trade, is a graveyard of buried hopes and unfulfilled anticipations. At the Republican convention held at Columbus on the 2dof last June the convention made the declaration of principle in accord with Republican sen­ It sounded very strange to me to hear a Democratic Represent­ timent in Ohio. Here is the plank of the Republican platform of Ohio: ative talking about our foreign trade and charging the Republican "The protective-tariff policy of the Republican party has made the United House of Representativ-es with doing something, somewhere and States the greatest industrial nation, astonished the world with the tremen­ dous development of our boundless resources; has added vastly to our for­ in some way, to the detriment of our foreign trade. He especially eign commerce; has greatly increased the prosperity of the farmer, and.has placed himself upon the ground that the passage of the Dingley advanced American labor to the best scale of living ever attained. We op­ law noted and built a monument at a point where, by our hos­ pose all attacks upon this policy, whatever the pretext, as tending to bring back the disastrous days of Democratic. tariff revision and free trade. tility to other count1ies, the downfall of Ame1ican supremacy Changing conditions and the possible benefits of reciprocity may call fo1· would take its origin. If that was not the argument of the gen­ timely readjustment of schedUles, but protection as a principle and as a tleman from Virginia, then I fail to understand it, and that is the policy must be administered by the friends of American prosperity and must not be sacrificed. old story of a Chinese Wall around our country, which it is said · It may be said in this connection that General GROSVENOR was a member will drive Russia into some sort of retaliatory purposes in the of the committee on resolutions and also a member of the subcommittee that future. prepared and presented the J?!!\tform. Thereupon it was announced that there was an iiTeconcilable dillerence of opinion among Republicans who Yesterday my distinguj ~: hed friend from Minnesota [Mr. STE­ would break out and wreck things in the Iowa. convention, which was held VENS] prognosticated the terrors and horrors of retaliation, and Joe last week. It was said that the Ohio plank was not satisfactory in that it Chamberlain, in my judgment the most distinguished for ability did not promise hasty and inconsiderate revision, but the Iowa convention and wisdom and foresight and courage of all the present-day ~ust held made their ta.riti plank as follows: "We reiterate om· faith m the historic principle of protection. Under its statesmen of England, was held up to us as somebody who was '

1903. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 325 going to destroy the prosperity of the American Republic in re­ trade upon many of the larger productions of American industry taliation because of our attitude on the tariff question. I want was given to the people of the world. Later I am coming to an­ to assure any doubting Thomases here on that question of B1itish swer the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CLARK], who points out hostility. My friends, do not be alarmed at the hostility of a that at some time or other somebody said that somebody was country that can not declare a tariff war against the United States afraid that somebody thought that there would not be money and feed her people for six months. In order to be a protective­ enough in the United States Trea£UrY and undertook to borrow tariff country, with a positive assurance against the aggressions money to fill up the gap. Now, what is the situation? Here it is: and retaliations of a foreign country, you must be able to meet Replying to your telephonic inquiry of to-day, regarding the excess of ex­ all the exigencies of a campaign. ports over rmports from 1790 to June 30, 1897- If you are in a fortress, you must have provisions; if you tare That is within a very few days of the going into effect of the on ship, you must have ammunition and arms, and if you are Dingley law and the monumental point created by the argument short upon any one of these great items of munitions of war you of the gentleman from Virginia by fair inference at least- will fail. Now, do not be alarmed, my friends, about the retalia­ and from June 30,1897, to June 30, 1003, I have the honor to hand you the fol­ tion of a country that can not feed its people ninety days without lowing statement taken from the records of thls Bureau. the importation of food products from other countries. Put a Total excess of exports of merchandise from 1790 to June 00, 1897,$356,808,822. cordon of ships around the United Kingdom and keep out all the Well, that was a rather respectable showing, considering the productions of food, and in ninety days, it is said by those who fact that during a large portion.of that 107 years we had a whole know more about it than I do, there would be suffering and lot of Democratic Administrations, and we pulled through with a starvation. better record, considering the war times and all that, than we I do not think we need fear the attacks of Mr. Chamberlain, had any reasonable right to expect, and if there is any student of dliven, as he seems to be, by the protective-tariff tendencies of the this subject here who wants to get the exact details I will furnish colonial nominal possessions of Great Britain. But I want to him the opportunity to ascertain in whose Administration it was encourage my Democratic brother on the other side to study this that these three hundred and fifty-odd million dollars grew np. question of the trade of the United States with foreign countries Now, I have another statement that I commend to the Demo­ before he makes another speech, and I am going to put into my cratic agonizers on the other side of the House. speech some tables showing the exports of commodities from and The total excess of exports of merchandise over imports of imports of commodities into the United States during the whole merchandise- pe1iod of our existence as a government, and I will give my friend From July 1, 1897, to June 00, 1903- on the other side from Virginia [Mr. SwANSON] a synopsis which was-- I received in an official form on yesterday. $3,22'7 ,263,106. It is a letter from the Bureau of Statistics. And I might say That was the balance in favor of the American nation. Ye fearful saints, fresh courage take! right here that the pulse, the thermometer, of national progress in Those clouds ye so much dread this behalf, at least, is largely the question of ho""much we sell Are big with mercy, and shall- abroad and how much we buy from abroad. And when the bal­ Continue to- ance of trade is running in our favor, so that weare selling more Break in- than weare buying, there is no cause for alarm and there is no Republican- cause for an attack upon the protective-tariff system. I was de­ blessings on your head! lighted that the gentleman located the beginning of our trouble [Laughter and applause on the Republican side.] at the beginning of the operation of the Dingley law. That is the I will put into my speech at this point, without stopping to read question that we are interested in. them, two tables, Table No.1 showing the value of imports into What is the effect and what has been the effect of the Dingley and exports from the United States from October 1,1789, to June law? In order that any gentleman interested in this matter may 30, 1900, and Table No.2 showing the things on which low tariff not be misled, I have in these tables shown to him what the sit­ and protective tariff, respectively, have been in operation and the uation was in the years immediately preceding, when in large effect they have had. These tables speak incisively and forcibly 'part the Chinese Wall was thrown down and substantial free upon all the questions involved here: TABLE No. 1.-Total value of imports and expo-rts into and from the United States f1·om October 1, 1189, to June SO, 1900 (May and June, 1900, estimated). [From Commerce and Navigation of the United States, 1899.]

Merchandise. Fiscal Fiscal Tariffs. Administration. year. Excess of Excess of year. Imports. Exports. imports. exports.

700 ______$23, 000, 000 $20,200,156 S2, 794,8« ------1790 ______791 ______29,200,000 19,012,041 10,187,959 ------····----- 1791______81,500,000 20,753,098 10,746,902 ------1792 ______81,100,000 'i~r!:~~~~~:.·-~:-~~8_9:_~-~~:~::_ ~!======34,600,000 795 ______69,758,268 81,436,164 1 75,379,406 !:~:m51,29!, 710 ~m:m24,084,696 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=------1797iii~=~~~~~ ______~~~~== === 68,551,700 7 Jl~)~~~~-~~_a:l:·-~::~~·-~.~~~~:~- SIX)f~~~===== ______79,069,148 91,252,768 '10,971,~:~:m 780 20,280,988'~:: ------======: 18(X)__n:::::::: ____ _ fl1801. ______111,363,511 93,020,513 18,342,998 ----·· ------180L _----- Formative period. 1802 ______76,333,333 71,957,144 4,376,189 ------··------1802 ______1803_--···· 64,666,666 Jefferson (Mar. 4:, 1801, to Mar. 4, 180-L ______85,000,000 ~:::&fl ~:~:= ::::::::::::~~== i~====:== 1809) ------·-·· --···· ---- 1805.------1806 ______120, 600, 000 129, 410,000 18r:~:~ ~:~:W :::::::::::::::: i~::::::: 1807 ______138, 500,000 108,343,150 00,156,850 ------···---- 1807 ______1808_1809 ______------_ 56,990,000 22,400,960 34,559,040 ----·------1808 ______5!!,400,000 52,200,233 7,196, 767 ------1809 ______1810 ______85,4.00,000 66,757,970 18,642,000 ------1810 ______1811. •••••• 53,400,000 61,316,832 ------$7,916,832 1811. ______77,030,000 38,527,236 38,50'.2, 764 ------1812 ______Madison(Mar.4,1809, toMar.4:,1817) __ }~~~==:::: 22,005,000 27,856,017 ------5,851,017 1813 ______f 1814______12,965,000 6,927,441 6,037,559 ------1814 ______Protective tariff (July 1, 1812 to 1815 ______113,041,274 52,557,753 60,4133,521 -----·-·------1815______June 30, 1816). ' 1816 ______147,100,000 81,920,052 65,182,948 ------1816 ______1 1817- ----·· 99,250,000 87,671,569 11,578,431 ------·------1817------. 1818 ______121, 750, 000 93,281,133 28,4£8,867 ------1818 ____ . __ 1819 ______87,125,000 70,142,521 16,982, 479 ------1819 ______74,450,00) Monroe (Mar.4, 1817, to Mar. 4:, 1825). 1821_ 2LJ ______69,691,669 4, 'i58,331 ------18ro ______l Low tariff (June 00,1816, to June 30, 54,5~,834 54,596,323 ------75,489 1821...... 1824). 1822. ______19,811,695 61,350,101 18,521,594 ------1822 ______1823 ______72, 481,371 68,~,().13 4,155,328 ------1823 ______72, 169,172 68,972,105 3,197,067 ------1824.______90,189,310 90, 138,irn --··------549,()'.23 1825 ______i~t=~==== 79,093,511 72, 890,789 5,202,722 ------1826 ______J.l~i9).~~~~:~~·- ::~~-~~-~-~~~::_ t~ ~=::::: 71, 332,938 74,309,947 ------2,977,009 1827 ______81,020,003 64,021,210 16,998,873 ------1828------Protective tariff (June 00, 18U, to li~~ ~ ==~::: 67,088,915 62,720, 956 ~;~;~~ :::::~:::::::::: 8,~;~ i~::::::~ Mar. 3, 1833). Jackson (MarA, 1829, to Mar. 4, 1837) _ }g>::::::: S/),885,179 72,295,652 23,589,527 ·------1831. ____ _._ j18331832_- ______----- _ 95,121,762 81,500,603 13,601, 159 ------1832----·-- 101,047, 9i3 87,528, 732 13,519,211 ------·----- 18(XJ ______326 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NovEl\IBER 18,

TABLE No. 1.-Total value of imports and exports into and from the United States from October 1, 1789, to June so, 1900, etc.-Continued.

Merchandise. Fiscal Fiscal Admin.istration. year. Tariffs. Imports. Exports. Excess of Excess of year. imports. exports.

834 $108, 609,700 $102,260,215 S6,349,485 ------·------1834: ••••••• Jackson (Mar.4,1829, to Mar. 4, 1837)- u1835------136, 764,295 Continued. ------115,215,802 21,548,493 ------1835 ______183()_ ------176, 5'i9, 154 124,338,704 52,240,450 ------1836. ______. tl837 ______100,472, 803 95,970,288 Vt8fl~~~~-~~r:_~:!".~:-~-~~~--~- i===::::: 156, 496, 956 ::m:m ... !.~~:~:- ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ti::::::: L~B42~riff (Mar. a. ll@, to Aug. oo. 184{)______98,258,706 123,668,932 ------25,410,226 1840 ______122,957,544 ll1,817,471 ll,140,073 ------184L •••••• W. H. Harrison-Tyler (Mar. 4,1841, R~=:::::: 96,075,071 99,877,995 ------3,802,9'24 1842 ___ _ to Mar. 4, 1.845) ------·· --····11843. --···· 42,433,464 82,825,689 ------40,392,225 1843 .••• :::} 1844 .•••.•• 102, 604, 606 105,745,832 ------11,141,226 1844 ______Protective tariff (Aug. 00, 1842, to 113,184, 322 106,040,1ll 7,144,211 ------1845...... Dec.1, 1846). Polk (Mar. 4,1845, to Mar. 4, 1849) •• 847 ______117,914,005 109,583,248 8,3:.:(),817 ------1846 ______p,~it:::::: - 122, 42!, 349 156,741,598 ------34,317,249 1847 .•••••• }Low tariffs (Dec.l, 1846, to Apr.l, 1848.-----­ 148,638,644 138,190,515 10,448,129 ------1848______1861). (1849 .••.••• 141,206, 199 140,351,172 855,027 ------1849 ______Taylor-Fillmore (Mar. 4, 1849, to 11850 .••••.• 173,509,526 144,375,726 29,133,800 ------1850 ______Mar. 4,1853) ··-········------···- 185L ______210, 771, 429 188,915,259 21,856,170 -----·-··-·----- 185L .••••. 1852------'MI,440,398 166,984,231 40,456,167 ------18.32. ______263, 777, 265 ro3,489,282 60,287,983 ------1853 ______297,803,794: 237,043,764 60, 760,1m ------1854 ______Low tariffs (Dec.l.l.846, to Apr.l, Pierce (Mar. 4, 1853, to Mar. 4, 1857) •. Jt5~:::::: 257, 808, 708 310, 432, 310 ill:::~ ~:~:~ :::::::::::::::: i:::::::: 11861). 384,428,342 293,823,760 5!,604,582 ------1857 ______1[!1~=:::::: 263,338,654 272,011,274 ------8,672,600 1858...... • B~iJI)~~-~~~~:.:·.:~~~-~-~~::~- 1~::::::: 331,~,341 292,902,051 38,431,290 ------1859 ______353,616,119 ~.576,0>7 20,040,062 ------1860 ______1:=::::::862 ______2b"9, 310, 542 219,553,833 69,756,709 ------186L ------189, 356, 677 863 .•.•••• 243,335,815 Lincoln-Johnson (Mar. 4, 1861, to 864 ______316, 44 71 283 ::::: ----~ff~f~r ======~~~:~= tm~:::::: Mar. 4, 1869) ------········--- 865 .••••.• 238,745,580 166,029,303 72,716,277 ------1865.------. 866 ..••.•• 434,812,066 318,859,522 85,952,544 ------1866 ______1867 .••..•• 395,761,096 294,500,141 101,254,955 ------1867 ______357, 436, 440 281,952,899 75,483,541 ·;·------1868 ______1 417,500,379 • ~1=::::::: 286, ll7, 697 131,388,682 ------1869.------. 1870 .••.••• 435,!l58,408 392,771,768 43,186,640 ------1870 ______1871. •••••• 520,223, 684 442,820,178 77,403,500 ------1871 ______626,595, 077 444,177,586 182,417,491 ------1872 ______Grant (Mar.4,1869, to Mar.4, 1877) •.. 1t~.f~::::::: 642, 136, 210 522,479,922 ll9,656, 288 ------=------1873.------1874 .•••••• 567, 406, 342 586,283,040 ···------18,876,698 1874 ______1875 .•••••• 533,005,436 513, 442,711 19,562,725 ------1875.------1876 .•••••• 460,741,190 540,384,671 ------79,643,481 1876 ______. 11877 ______451, 323, 126 8 437, O::il, 53'2 ~·m·: ··------~i·M:·~ } ~------Protective tariffs (Apr. 1, 1861, to Hayes (Mar.4, 1877, to Mar.4, 1881) -- i~~~::::::: 445,777,775 110;439;441 :::::::::::::::: 264,:661:666 1879::::::: Aug. 28, 1894). 667,9M,746 835,638,658 ------167,683,912 1880.------642, 664, 628 902,377,346 ------259,712,718 1881______Ga1'field-Arthur (Mar. 4, 1881, to 1882lm======.•••••• 724,639,574 750,5!2,257 ------25,902,683 1882 ______Mar. 4, 1885) ------·-· 883 .•••••• 723, 180, 914 823,839,402 ------100,658,488 1883 ______fi 667' 697' 693 740,513,609 ------72,815,916 1884 ______577,527,329 742,189,755 ------164,662,426 1885 ______. 11=::::::: 635, 436, 136 679,524,800 ------·--- 44,088,694 1886 ______0~~~~~-~~~~--~:-~~·--~-::r~~:_:~- 1888i~::::::: ______69-2,319,768 889 ______723,957,114 745, 131, 652 ~:~:~ -----~:~:-~r =====~=::~: 1!=:::::: Benjamin Harrison (Mar. 4, 1889, to 890 .•••••• 789,310,409 857,828,684 ------68,518,275 1890 ______Mar. 4, 1893) -·-······------89L •••••• 844,916,196 884,480,810 ------39,564,614 1891______[! 827' 402, 462 l,

TARIFFS AND TRADE BALANCES, 1790-1900. TARIFFS AND TRADE BALANCES, 1700-1900-Continued. TABLE No. 2.-Years in which Zow tariffs and protective tariffs, 1·espectively, TABLE No. 2.-Years in which low tariffs and p1·otective tariffs, respectively have been in ope1·ation. in the United States, showing the excess of im.po1·ts or have been in operation in the ifnited StatC3, etc.-Continued. ' e3--po1·ts in each year and the total excess of in~ports or exports under each system. Low tariffs. Protective tariffs. [Compiled from official statements of the Treasury Bureau of Statistics.] Fiscal Fiscal yea.r. Excess of Excess of year. Excess of Excess of Low tariffs. Protective tariffs. importa. exporta. imports. exports. Fiscal Fiscal year. Excess of Excess of year. Excess of Excess of 1806______$27,873,037 ------1846e~______$4,165,409 ------imports. exports. imports. exports. 1807.______00,156,850 ------1862 ______------$1,313,~ 1808______34,559,040 ------1863------39,371,"368 ------179() ______$2,794,844 1813 ______------$5,851,017 1809______7,196, 767 ------1864- --···· 157,609,295 ------1791______1810______18,642,!m ------1865...... 72,716,277 ------· 10,187,959 1814______$6,037,5-19 ------181L ______------$7,916,832- 1792 ______10,746,902 1866------85,952,544 ------1815------00,483,521 ------1812...... 38,502,764 ----·------1793 ______4,900,428 1816...... 65,182,948 -----·------1867 ----·-- 101,254,955 ------1794 ______1,556,275 1817 ----···- ll, 578,431 ----·------1868------75,483,541 ------1795 ______21,766,396 1818______28,488,867 ------1869------131, St;S, 682 ------1796 ______22,861,539 1819______16,982,479 ------1870------43,186,640 ---··------U~t ======~~~~~~~:~~~ -----2;::-: 1820______4, 758,331 ------·------1797------24:,0M,696 1871...... 77,400,506 --·------179lL ______1828------16,998 8i3 ------182L ______------75,489 1872...... 182,417,461 ------1799 ______7,224,289 18~ ------345,736 1822______18,521,594 ------403,626 1800------8, 9{9 779 1873------119,656,288 ------1800 ______20,280,988 1874.------18,876,698 1801 ______1875 ------19,562,725 --··------1802 ______18,342,998 ======4,ir76,189 1833------im ~:~:~13,519, 2ll ------1876------79,643,481 1803 ______8,866,633 1877------151,152,0'M 1804 ____ ---- 7, ax>, 9-26 im::::::: ======~:rrt:~ l~~m~~~ Jm:m m~m~m~~~~ 18'i8 ------257,814.,234 1805 •••• ___ _ 25,033,979 1845------7,144,211 ------e~Ha.lf year. 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 327

TARIFFS AID> TRADE BALANCES, 1790-1900-Continued. linen mills. Of the 40 cotton mills, 21 have been built in the Southern States. Mr. A. B. Shepperson, of the New York Cotton Exchange, estimates the TABLE No. 2.-Years in which low ta1·iffs and protective tariffs, respectively, number of working spindles in the United· States on September 1, 189'2, at have been in operation in the ·United States, etc.-Continued. 15,200,000, an increase of 660,000 over the year 1891. The consumption of cot­ Low tariffs~ Protective tariffs. ton by American mills in 1891 was 2,396,000 bales, and in 1 92, 2,5.';4,

Mr. GROSVENOR. I do not know anything about what Mr. on this side of the House upon that question has had no appreciabl~ Schwab said. effect upon our foreign trade. I find-and I will put this para­ Mr. COWHERD. But the gentleman is using as an argu­ graph into my speech in full-I find that the value of the monthly ment- exports for October of this year is higher than any other October in Mr. GROSVENOR. I am using the argument, and the gentle­ the history of the United States, and I want to show that in answer man is not answering my argument. to the proclamation that our threatened warwithforeign countries Mr. COWHERD. And the gentleman from Ohio is not an­ is going to have a deleterious effect upon our trade. swering my question. THE OCTOBER EXPORTS. Mr. GROSVENOR. I do not care to answer it, for I do not The exports for October are a.lmost large enons-h to make a new record know what it is. fLaughter.] I have got tired of answering for the month. The total exceeds $160,000,000. This was surpassed only by the year 1900, when October passed the total of $163,ooo,o:X>. The signification questions. I think gentlemen on the other side of the House will is that at the present time the export trade of the United States is at high have to admit that I have treated them with the highest respec~ tide. The exports for 1900, or rather the year which included October of in answering questions, but it is a little difficult to have two or 1900, have never been exceeded in the history of the country. That was the fiscal year of 1901. Such exports show that the farmer, the manufacturer, three gentlemen asking the same question in various forms. I and all men engaged in the creation of things that go into the markets of the have already answered the whole of it. The prices in our own world are finding for their wares a satisfactory demand in the foreign market are as widely dissimilar as those indicated by the gentle­ countries. While imports were large in Qctober, they fell short of the exports by the man. Let me put an illustration that is familiar to all of us. Do sum of over $78,439,000, which sum is a presumable balance abroad to the you remember what the prices of goods were, a certain line of credit of the United States. With such balances piling up from month to goods. in the stores in your own town last May and J nne? Take month the imports of gold should be settled in our favor and the question of tight money for the remainder of the year ought to be disposed of. the whole line of ladies' dress goods, take the whole line of fash­ As the steel manufacturers are making extraordinary effort to widen their ionable material for apparel of every character, and go to your export trade, the fiscal year, which commenced in ,July and runs through to stores in September, October, or November and you will find the the end of next June, should see an export total for the year equal to one of the best in the country's history, if it does not make a new record. With a same goods are being offered for sale at 50, at 60, at 75 per cent good cotton crop, a good corn crop, and plenty of all other agricultural prod­ of what they were offered at in the springtime. ucts for export this year, and mills paying special attention to the foreign Our factories in this country send their surplus not into their market. the American invasion will be more of a reality in the Old World. own markets to be sold under price, but they send them to Euro­ Mr. SWANSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman permit a pean markets that they may not destroy the home market, in or­ question? der that they may reduce their surplus. The whole of these ar­ The CHAIRMAN.· Does the gentleman yield? guments amount to nothing. We have not stifled competition, Mr. GROSVENOR. Yes. and competition answers all the arguments of gentlemen on the Mr. SWANSON. The position that I take is that when the other side. I have seen steel rails sell in the United States at one tariff law became operative it greatly increased our importations, hundred and forty-odd dollars a ton. Now they are down to $28 but when Russia and when Switzerl:md and when British South a ton. Competition has done all that. The first steel rails that Africa and these other countries have increased the price on our ever were sold in the United States were sold at $145 a ton, and importations, when that occurs, as it will in the near future, that gradually, under this system of ours that keeps foreign competi­ it must seriously affect American importations there. tion out and opens the foreign markets to our surplus, these steel Mr. GROSVENOR. The gentleman has a right to his prophetic products have steadily gone down to $28 a ton, and that $28 is a utterances. Old Jeremiah had the same. [Laughter.] part of the prosperity of the country, and the difference between Mr. SWANSON. But the gentleman is trying to illustrate his that and the low figures 6f steel rails is paid to the laborer of the position by saying that things will continue in such a way in the country, or 95 per cent of it. future as they have done in the past and with changed conditionE Mr. BURGESS. Will the gentleman allow me an interrup­ entirely. I would like to ask the gentleman this question, DoeE tion? he think American trade, American exportations to Germany~ Mr. GROSVENOR. I think I had better quit answering ques­ will be as great and profitable when the duties are double as they tions. are the present time, with a much lower tariff, and a new tariff­ Mr. BURGESS. I only want to understand the gentleman. German tariff-in Germany? Mr. GROSVENOR. No, I beg pardon, that is too much. Mr. GROSVENOR. What about it? [Laughter on the Republican side.] Mr. SWANSON. Well, I would .like to ask the gentleman. Mr. BURGESS. I desire to ask the gentleman if he contends Does he think that the sale of our goods in the German marke1 that the price at which steel rails are sold in European markets with a double tariff against us-maximum rates-can be as grea1 is below the cost to the companies furnishing them here? as it is at present under the present low-tariff act? Mr. GROSVENOR. Sometimes they are and sometimes not. Mr. GROSVENOR. Well, we have had that same suggestion. It is owing to exigencies. Mr. Chairman, ever since the Democratic party, holding a major· M1·. BURGESS. Then I can take my choice, I suppose. [Laugh­ ity in the United States Senate, pa-ssed the Morrill tariff bill of ter on the Democratic side.] 1860, which was signed by a Democratic President; and all the Mr. GROSVENOR. Yes, you pay your money and you take time, if the gentleman had been in his seat when I presented these your choice. [Laughter.] figures, he would have discovered that all that time under aRe· · In the very nature of things the manufacturer of goods, whether publican Administration our foreign trade has grown largely, and staple or other goods, can not tell to a demonstration the amount under this very protective tariff which he inveighed against yes­ of demand there will be for his commodity. He must manufac­ terday. Our trade has grown to a condition beyond the dream of ture enough of the article to meet the maximum demand of the Dingley or anybody else. trade, and if in aiming to do so he manufactures more than he Mr. SWANSON. The gentleman is mistaken, if he will allow can sell (I am referring now to the demands of the domestic me to correct him. market) he must close his factory and wait for the growth of de­ Mr. GROSVENOR. Oh, no; I can not allow him. mand or he must hold his overmanufacture as dead stock or he Mr. SWANSON. The large export trade was under the Wilson must find a market for it and sell it for what he can get, and this tariff. has been the course of our manufacturers in very many cases. Mr. GROSVENOR. I wish the gentleman had put his speech They have sent their surplus abroad ana sold them at such prices into the RECORD; I wanted to read it. as they could obtain, and thereby kept their labor employed. Mr. SWANSON. Oh, it will be in there. The alternative would have been, as I have said, to close the Mr. GROSVENOR. There, again, the gentleman is mistaken. factories and discharge the labor and leave the laboring man to Under the second year of Cleveland's Administration our exports suffer for employment. And so in hundreds of instances the abroad were in excess of imports only $75,000,000, and they only manufacturer has kept his works running and sold hia-surplus as increased to $102,000,000 in the next year, while during the sec­ best he could rather than to deprive his labor of their reward. ond year of the McKinley Administration they ran up to $615,- Mr. SLAYDEN. Will the gentleman from Ohio yield to me 000,000, and have remained substantially at that tremendous for a question? figure ever since. Mr. GROSVENOR. Yes. And then the gentleman can add this to his other speech. Why, Mr. SLAYDEN. I want to ask the gentleman, in view of this Mr. Chairman, the American people are not bothering themselves statement of the enormous traffic of the New England shoe fac­ about foreign tariffs; we are not studying foreign tariffs to see tories in foreign markets, if he sympathizes with their proposi­ what foreign countries are doing in the matter of our trade rela­ tion to increase their protection by taking off the 15 per cent duty tions. We have thus far put up our protective tariff system and on hides? have made it triumphant as against all the world, and the French, Mr. GROSVENOR. That i.s a kind of bridge, isn't it? That the British, the Germans, and all the other nations of the world is a bridge which I will cross in some form when I get to it. are at liberty to do exactly what they please and we will proceed [Laughter on the Republican side.] along our pathway and do what we have determined to do without Now I want to go a little further, and point out that even this 1·egard to what they are determined to do. threat of tariff revision and the proclamation that we are divided Mr. SWANSON. Will the gentleman permit a question? 332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NOVEl\IBER 18,

Mr. GROSVENOR. And this brings me up to this question of us sat for ten long days in the red-hot weather of ,Tu1y, going reciprocity, which I will speak about. over that bill item by item and agreeing at last upon the entire Mr. SWANSON. Will the gentleman permit a question? measure-five of us representing the majority of the House of Mr. GROSVENOR. Yes. Representatives~ all of us from the Ways and Means Committee, Mr. SWAl.~SON. That is the same narrow policy advocated by and five gentlemen from the Senate representing the Finance the Dowager· Empress of China, and I would ask the gentleman Committee of that body. Item by item we took up that bill and if he has been in 1·ecent communication with her? perfected it. Mr. GROSVENOR. I am not familiar with the old lady. Now, then, as to the charge that the increases of dutv made in [Laughter.] I do not know why the gentleman from Virginia that bill were for a purpose. I do not claim to have had g1·eater should class me with the Dowager Empress of China. She is not intimacy with Mr. Dingley than anybody else had, but I was nearly as old as I am, and it is not right to put her into a category with him during all that long struggle. I had known him ever with a fellow as old as I am. I do not know anything about her . since I came into Congress and long before. I never heard him tariff views. [Laughter.] And when the time comes that we make an intimation that there was a single item of that tariff are going to take our laws and policy from the views of the bill in which the duty was left, for the purpose of reciprocity, Dowager Empress of China, or any other heathen potentate, I higher than it ought to be, except the single item of sugar; and want to go out of business in the statesmanship line. [Laughter.] with reference to that he told me, as he told a great many others, Mr. SWANSON. I did not suggest the gentleman was under that he consented to what he thought an unnecessarily high duty her dictation, but I did say that the gentleman is in accord with on sugar because, as he said, it was one of the articles which in her entire policy, and I thought he must have received instructions the long run we might have to use as a matter of reciprocity. in her school. And it should be borne in mind that that was six years ago, when Mr. GROSVENOR. The gentleman could not have understood the beet-sugar industry had not come forward and developed into that fact without being on familiar terms with her policy. [Pro­ its proportions of to-day. Therefore it was that beyond doubt he longed laughter.] was looking distinctly to the fact that the cane-sugar product of Mr. SWANSON. Everyone knows what the Chinese exclusive the country was shrinking, that the beet-sugar product was not policy is-the policy that has dominated that Empire-and if the increasing, and therefore the enormous importations of sugar into gentleman will read the report of foreign trade and foreign the country suggested to him that we might possibly use that policy- part of the tariff schedules for purposes of reciprocity. I do not Yr. GROSVENOR. Oh, that is the Chinese Wall argument. know what Mr. Dingley may have said to somebody else. This I have heard that before. There was a fellow from this country is all he said to me. that made a sort of demonstration on that wall not very long ago But, going a little further, let me repeat that every item of that and put the American flag up on the wall of the Eternal City, or bill was agreed upon by the ten gentlemen to whom I have re­ whatever other name it goes by, and from that time to this I made ferred. Then it was brought into the House of Representatives, up my mind that we had no question of doubt about the trade of and the conference report-not the action of the Senate, but the China as far so China herself was concerned, but I am not here action of the conference committee-was voted upon in the pos­ to discuss that question. sibly hasty manner that the gentleman from Missouri has pointed There is no reciprocation with China that I know anything out. There is no similarity, there is no parity of conditions be­ about. I know of no reciprocity that China is asking for. We tween the two bills. let her tea come into this country free of duty; and we let her Mr. Chairman, I have occupied more time than I intended. I silks (such as we think our people can afford to buy) come in not said I would be contented with forty minutes, and I have occu­ free of duty, and we get revenue from that source. And we send pied an hour and thirty minutes. the product of the gentleman's section of the country into China I hope this mea-sure may be passed. I hope that both sides of in quantities so magnificent that without this trade the cotton this House will stand for a measure which, in my judgment, has trade of the United States would be very greatly reduced. And been made necessary by the history of the past four years. I was the gentleman can not put his finger on any place on the whole not one of those who voted originally for the conditions that we map of Europe where our trade has been seriously diminished by put into the declaration of war against Spain. I voted here on a any threat of our tariff or by any threat of retaliation. I have yea-and-nay vote four or five times against that provision of the no question or doubt that the American people will go forward declaration that we would never, never under any circumstances making reciprocity provisions where they can make them upon a acquire the title to Cuba; but having done so, this nation is bound principle that does not assail and destroy the protective principle. eternally by that pledge until the action of an independent people, Our friends on the other side are in favor of reciprocity; we over without any coercion from us or any suggestion from us, comes here are in favor of reciprocity; and we are in favor of reciprocity and offers us her partnership in the great galaxy of the States. under this same identical speech of the lamented William Mc­ We sometimes hear it said that there is no promise on the part of Kinley. this Government, and that if there has been a promise it was ultra And right here, in this connection, I want to do two things. vires and ought not to have been made; but how can we make to First, I want to make a statement that whoever has said at any the intelligence of the world such an answer as that? Hundreds · time that William McKinley, anywhere on earth, wanted to strip of us here remember very well when the commissioners from the protection from an American industry by reciprocity, that Cuba came to this country and said, '' We can not adopt the Platt anybody has misread the declaration of William McKinley [ap­ amendment." How would our friends who are now haggling plause on the Republican side],forbehind and underneathall his about this concession like to have the Platt amendment repealed? argument was his declaration that he would not take any step or I would not. I would not turn over the rights that we have upon do any act that would cut down or impair the price of American the island of Cuba for any reasonable consideration on earth. labor. And that is the whole of this question in connection with We want the places down there in the Gulf for our naval stations. reciprocity. Reciprocity upon articles that we do not produce We desire to protect ourselves against the incursions of disease we are entirely willing to go into; but reciprocity that strips any from those tropical ports. We desire to protect the new Republic American industry of its protection we are not in favor of. Did of Cuba against the exhaustion of her resources by the contract­ I believe, :Mr. Chairman, that in the pending treaty there would ing of foreign debts and entanglements. We want to be ready be serious injury to any product of American industry I certainly for the necessity that may arise at some future day, possibly, of would never vote for it. My position on that subject has been a enforcing the Monroe doctrine by our Army and our Navy long time established and pla~ed upon the records of this House. against any acquisition by any foreign country of the island of Now, again, it is said that the Dingley bill-and here I propose Cu~ ' to trench on ground that I have not often touched upon-itisper­ So for all these reasons we put forward the Platt amendment. sistently said that the duties of the Dingley bill were purposely­ Was it not some concession? It is said that we gave them liberty. with deliberate purpose-made so high in-certain schedules for That is very true. We gave them liberty and gave them an the purpose of using them as a means of reciprocal trade with opportunity to struggle. We did it because we were tired of the foreign countries. Now, I can not only answer that proposition, outrages that were being perpetrated in that island, and we did but I can answer the charge made by the gentleman from Mis­ it without the solicitation of any organized government of Cuba. souri, that there was some kind of a similarity in the treatment We refused to recognize the pretended or so-called Cuban govern­ of the Wilson bill in this House when it came from the Senate ment, and I voted constantly in that direction and so did this and the treatment of the Dingley bill when it came here from House, on every occasion that it had an opportunity. Now we the Senate. The Dingley bill when it came here with the Senate hold on to the benefits of the Platt amendment and haggle about amendments came before the House of Representatives after a the little matter of the only thing that they have asked from us. long ten-day session of a conference committee. I had the honor You remember when those commissioners came here to Wash­ to be a member of that committee. There are now in this House, ington. Plenty of us remember it. They were escorted to the on the Republican side, three gentlemen who were members of White House and theWar Department and given a great dinner, in that conference committee. There were five Republicans from which many of our Members joined; and then they went home, the House of Representatives and five from the Senate. Ten of and directly upon their arrival at Habana they made a public 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 333

statement that they had received an assurance-that is the lan­ senger to Mr. Carlisle. Mr. Carlisle seemed pleased with what I proposed to do and very promptly agreed to execute that part of the contract which guage-that a trade concession would be made if they would ratifJ might come to hini, and the next da¥.: went to see Mr. Cleveland and got hilll the Platt amendment. That statement was made publicly and approval. Now, the only bonds available at that time were those authorized published in all the newspapers of the world, and nobody ever under the resumption act of 1875, all running a long time with high rates of interest. denied it. Nobody ever sent out an authoritative statement from Mr. Sherman, knowing my purposes, and, as I always presumed, to aid me, the executive department of this Government either that no such introduced in the Senate on the 20th of February an amendment to an ap­ promise was made or that it was beyond the power of the Execu­ propriation bill authorizing the issue of a 3 per cent short-time bond. Mr. Car lisle approved 1\lr. Sherman's amendment. It passed the Senate, I think, tive. And they went forward and loyally ratified the amend­ on the 22d of February, perhaps later, and with few dissenting votes; Ithink ment. And this we are hoping to do for them as a benefit to not to exceed 10. Upon its passage I assumed that it would pass the House. them, and at the same time the assurance of their friendly trade This new bond was a better bond for Government purposes than the old re­ relation with the United States of America. We will take care sumption act bond. Fearing that I would have to dispose of bonds to main­ tain the gold reserve, and I wanted the use of these bonds., I ~ave an order for . of questions of tariff, the revision of the tariff, the reform of the the preparation of plates for these proposed new bonds. 'Io my great sur­ tariff, and all the otherqnestions which our friends on the other prise the House refused to concur, and this amendment failed to pass. No plates for bonds were prepared. Fortunately I managed to maintain the side bring when they have had a national convention that shall gold reserve and turn over to my successor more than S100,00J,OOO in gold. agree on any topic that we are opposed to. [Applause on the To sum up, then, not only was there no deficit in any one year of the Republican side.] Harrison Administration, but it decreased the public debt by over ~,000,00) and also paid over $33,00),000 in premiums, and had on the 1st of July, three Pursuant to the leave given by the Honse to elaborate and ex­ months after Mr. Cleveland came into office, a surplus of over$2,oo:l,OOJ. No tend my remarks upon the particular topics which I discussed in plates for bonds were printed, but the Democrats parade the order I gave the foregoing speech, I here attach a supplemental letter received to prepare plates, and charge falsely that a deficit existed. Durin~the Harrison Administration the country was prosperous, Blld this from Mr. Secretary Foster after the delivery of my speech: prosperi would have continued had the Re 1uf>lican party continued in ToLEDo, OHio, November 18, 1903. power. he revenue and the gold reserve bot£ would have increased, and MY DEAR GENERAL: I have your favor of October 30, inclosing a statement prosperity would have been general throughout the country. The disaster printed in the Enquirer of October 21, from Congre sman GATh"'ES, of Nash­ that followed Cleveland's election was due to two causes-revenue reform ville, Tenn., as follows: and the known general inability of the Democratic party. Yours, h'Uly, [Special dispatch to the Enquirer.] C. FOSTlm. SENATOR FORA:;r:ER OillTTED A CERTAIN REFERJJ:"8CE, ACCORDING TO THE Hon. CHARLES H. GROSVENOR,. TE...'VNEESE.AN. Washingtm~, D. 0. NASHVILLE, T:El\TN., Octobe1· 21, 1903. Congressman G.A.n'Es to-day issued a statement from which the following The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from .Alabama [Mr. RICH· are excerpts: . .A.RDSON] has been recognized for thirty minutes. "In a speech delivered in Ohio a few days ago, Senator FoRAKJm appealed to the Republicans to stand as a unit for the Republican nominee in the com­ Mr. RICHARDSON of Alabama. Mr. Chairman, I shall hardly ing election. He referred to the dis..'l.strous condition of the people upon the occupy the attention of the committee for the length of time al­ second advent of Mr. Cle>eland to the Presidency, March 4,1893. lowed me, but in the remarks I make I propose as well as I can, "Usually the distinguished speaker sticks closely to the facts and the rec­ ord, but when discussing the 'panic of 1893' the Republicans studiously from a practical, common-sense standpoint, to state in part at avo1d, as Senator FORAKER did in his speech, reference to th.e indisputable least some of my reasons for supporting this bill. facts which I now r elate: 1. That Mr. Secretary Foster, eleven days (March I believe, Mr. Chairman, that the bill, as fa1· as it goes, is a good 30, 1897) before Mr. Cleveland was sworn in, March 4,1893, issued an order for the immediate and swift preparation of bond plates to issue bonds for the bill in the matter of the reduction of the duties and the restrictions IJUrpose of replenishing a deficit in the National Treasury. 2. That this on commerce and trade between this Government and the island deficit occurred under the Harrison administration, a. Republican, the Mc­ of Cuba. How far it should go, or how far it could go, I will not Kinley tariff and the then financial law, the (Sherman) silver act of 1800, en­ undertake to discuss. I shall undertake to pre5ent my views on acted by the Republican party. 3. That, carryin~ out the policy planned by the Harrison Administration, Mr. Cleveland did issue $262,500,00) bondS, the bill as I find it. The President of the United States, in his which Mr. Harrison was planning to issue eleven days before the end of his message to Congress recently, said that" the bill stands by itself." Administration, March 4, 1893. So it does. Yet it may invite company. Mr. Chairman, from a "Everything that was done, or that occurred in thls matter, was under Republican law~while this deficit was inherited from the Harrison Admin­ Democratic standpoint-and I propose to discuss this bill alone istration by the IJlevela.nd Administration. Whether it was right or wrong from that standpoint-! say from a Democratic standpoint this for these bonds to be issued is not my purpose to discuss. bill is an important and far-reaching step in the direction of freer "As late as March~ 1897 the Republicans in the House denied that Sec­ retary Foster issued this order of February 20, 1893, for the making of these and enlarged trade. I know I have a few Democratic friends bond platest....but on March 25,1897, I read the original order on file in the around me who honestly and sincerely differ with me in that con­ office of the .t5ureau of EntiTaving and Printing, in Washington City, and the struction. I have the highest regard for their convictions. I same day procured a certified copy thereof and read it in the House, ann I have never heard of its existence being disputed in Congress since, but not have no criticisms to pass upon them. They are entitled to their so elsewhere. n • convictions, just as I am to mine. The statement that I, as Secretary of the Treasury during the closing days Nor am I concerned, Mr. Chairman~ in discussing this bill, about of the Harrison Administration, gave an order for the prompt preparation of plates for bOnds has been made by many prominent Democrats with the the distinguished gentleman from Michigan [Mr. WM. ALDEN declaration that the .bonds prepared from these plates were to be used for SMITH] and the 59 gentlemen who were associated with him in the purpose of raising funds to pay a de.ficit of the Harrison Administration. the last Congress when a similar bill to this was under discussion In some cases they have gone so far as to say the p.la.tes were actually pre­ pared and the bonds sold, and in some cases that these very plates had been and who were classed then as'' insurgents." I h.ave no concern, used by Mr. Carlisle during the Cleveland Administration. I say, whether the gentleman from New York [Mr. PAYNE] and I think Mr. Dockery, of Missouri, read my order~, referred' to by Mr. G .A.Th"'ES, the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. DALzELL] on the one in the House several years before Mr. GAINES din. Mr. GAINEs is in error when he says that March 00, 1897, was the date of.mv order. He should have hand and on the other Mr. SMITH and his fellow "inSliTgents " stated February-:ro, 1893. Now1 as a matter of fact, there was no deficit in any put the right construction on the meaning of Republican reci­ one year of the Harrison Administration. Not only was there no deficit, but procity. I know also that the President of the United States in the Harrison Administration decreased the public debt in 1800 $109,291,810.50; 1891, $72,528,822.25; 1892, $45,702,895.37; 1893, $9,001,137.98; total, $236.2527,666.10. his late message to Congress tersely said this bill" hurts no in­ The surplus continued until the 30th day of June, 1893~ th~re oein~ for this dustry,'' and in reply to that statement made by the President of last year of the Harrison Administration $2,3!1,674.29, oesides payrng over the United States the American Economist, the mouthpiece of nine millions of the public debt in that year. Now, as to the plates for bonds. The day after the election of Mr. Cleve­ the National Tariff League, said it was a "dogmatic assertion." land, in 1892, I discovered symptoms of alarm throughout the country. All that I know, as a Democrat, of this bill is that directly in ef­ The Democratic party had elected not only the President, but had carried fect it revises and reduces the dniies of one of those solemn and the House and Senate by a comfortable working majority. They had de· clared for a revenue tariff, which meant a. new tariff law under free-trade sacred schedules in the Dingley tariff bill. No man can deny influences. This was notice to every business man in the country, to every that. I know, also, that a strong, brave editorial, which I hold in manufacturer1 and to every laborer that prices of merchandise and labor my hand, in the American Economist, a tariff league paper, has must necessarily decline. G<>ld began to disappear for purposes other than exportation. and it was not long before I became alarmed lest I might not be notified President Roosevelt that Republican sentiment would able to ret ain the hundred million gold reserve which, by implication of law, not sustain him in this policy. I was obliged to maintain. The gentleman from New York [Mr. P .A. YNE] admitted that this In this emergency I consulted very freely with Senator Sherman as to my duties. He thoroughly a~d with me that it was my duty to maintain this bill reduces the revenues under the Dingley law some five or six gold reserve at anr cost. In passing, however~ I maybe permitted to say million dollars. It is largely on sugar. That is enough for me as that many leading Republicans advised me to ao nothing_ about it let mat­ a Democrat to know. I do not care how it is brought about. I do ters drift as they may, that the Democrats had brought this condition upon the country and let them take care of it. Feeling, as I did, that it was my not care whether yon call it Republican reciprocity or not. This duty to maintain this gold reserve of one hundre

tariff reformers when it comes up. The turmoil and strife that we have not unreasonably calculated upon it, judging from what it is predicted will arise with other nations by reason of the dis­ has been done in the past-that we will have in the South crimination we make in this bill against their products is not of ·50,000,000 cotton spindles in the course of twenty years at fur­ Democratic making, but we can readily understand how such a thest. We should not forget that the growth of the South was condition would bring about further tariff reduction, which is of hampered and obstructed by most unfavorable and distressing interest to the masses of the people, who are feeling and becoming conditions. We rested, we may say, until 1880 under the frown, restless and discontented under the burdens of oppressive taxa­ distrust, and suspicion of financial men. Our own people, with tion imposed by monopolies. a pluck and energy never equaled in the history of the world, Mr. Chairman, that feature I desire to speak about principally bravely met all troubles and demonstrated the undeveloped wealth in this bill is this: I say that there is something more and some of the South. other interests in this bill than that of sugar. I know the whole We produce the raw cotton; it is ours, and it is cheaper and argument has been made on the other side of the House, and the easier to manufactm·e it there. The climatic conditions for the Democratic objection to the bill chiefly has been placed upon the culture of cotton in the South are not equaled by any section of the · ground that it reduces the price of sugar. I am in sympathy world. Why, in my own town, in the great valley of the Tennes­ with those gentlemen: but the fact is, Mr. Chairman, and it be­ see, an estimate was made but a few days ago of the value of the comes me to say so, that sugar is not the only great interest that output of the cotton mills of that one place for the past twelve is involved in and affected by this bill. The time has come when months. It was $4,750,000. This bill proposes to open the mar­ the South must speak out for its trade interests. Everyone who kets of the Republic of Cuba to that wonderful product, reducing is informed at all upon the proper development of this country the duty 40 per cent, and inviting larger trade on that line. It is admits and knows that the South to-day stands upon the threshold strange-strange to me that anyone should object to this. Is of a wealth and prosperity unequaled by the most favored sec­ there any surprise that we should support the bill? I am not un­ tion of the world. We all, from all sections of the Union, friendly to sugar in any way, shape, or form. The South has al­ should rejoice to know this. We are simply reaching out after ways stood by that great industry. But, Mr. Chairman, when I - what God has given us. What is the great factor that is enter­ see that a bill like this proposes to reduee 40 per cent upon the ing into and pushing forward this marvelous growth of the South? tariff duty of the product that the South relies upon more than What is the great motive power that is creating such a hope of anything else I give it my hearty snpport. I believe that what early fruition of wealth and prosperity in the South's near future? the South needs to-day more than a.nything else is a freer and en­ Why, Mr Chairman, it is our cotton interests. Who can deny larged facilities for foreign trade, and that is why we stand by it? What does the South need to-day? I put it to Representa­ and support the construction of an isthmian canal. [Applause.] tives on this floor who come from the cotton-growing States of I admit, Mr. Chairman! that I am intensely a southern man, the South. What do we need to-day above all-things else? It is and I believe that the day is not far distant in the future when an enlarged trade and market for our products, and especially southern commercial supremacy will prevail in our country, and our cotton products. We can anticipate our growth in the great when that day comes no one hopes more than I do, or believes cotton interests, but what we most need is freer trade, so as to more sincerely than I do, that it will add to the glory, the credit, enlarge our commerce in foreign markets. What does this bill and the power of the American Union. [Applause.] I am not do? I read, Mr. Chairman, in Schedule C, that there is to be "a southein on narrow lines, with close-fisted, mean, sneaking, sec­ reduction of 40 per cent on manufactures of cotton knitted and tional views; I am southern Mr. Chairman, just like any man all manufactures of cotton not included in the preceding sched­ ought to be who loves the people among whom he was born and ules.'' The preceding schedule includes cotton and the manufac­ reared-who loves and honors their traditions and memories; just tures thereof at 30 per cent reduction. Boots, shoes, and window like any true man, North or South, who loves the people of his gla s are admitted under same reduction. What is the South own home. I yearn to see the South occupy the position in the doing, I ask you, on that line? This is a pract?.cal business mat­ American Union that she is entitled to. The clouds are drifting ter, and as such we should consider it. It is idle for one to tell me away, and the South is coming-coming. Without that feeling it is a Republican measure. The Democratic party has passed of love for your home and your native people you strike down the the day that it is a party of obstruction. This bill proposes to give strongest factor of patriotism. [Applause.] 40 per cent reduction to our cotton manufactures in this trade in Now, Mr. Chairman, one step further. In 1880-and we ought Cuba, lying on the line along our southern coast. Even if we all to be proud of this-in 1880 the capital invested in manufac­ should not send our cotton products to Cuba, yet the bill asserts tures in the South amounted to 257,244,564. l'1+ 1900 that same a policy that the South requires. capital had increased to 1,153,000,268 or an increase of 348 per Why, Mr. Chairman, in 1891 England had 45 .000,000 cotton cent. In 1880 the value of the manufactures produced in the spindles, New England, or the North, had 13,250,000 cotton spin­ South amounted to 457,454,777. In 1900 the same value had in­ dles, and the South in 1891 had not qnite2,000,000cotton spindles. creased to $1,205,188,400, or a gain of 220 per cent. ~hese figures How does the account stand to-day? Since 1891 England has in­ are almost incomprehensible because they are so large. They are creased her cotton spindles 1 ,650,000. New England, or theNorth, correct, because they are taken from the Manufacturers' Record. has increased her cotton spindles 1,800,000. What has the South I could stand here, Mr. Chairman, for hours and give the statis­ done? It behooves us who represent that great interest to think tics as to the growth and increase of the South in other respects, what progress, what development, and what increase and im­ for the same remarkable growth has taken place in our agricul­ provement the South has made in those two years. Let us try to tural interests as well as in our mineral matters. I refer to this understand her potentialities and her possibilities, so that we can simply because this convention which this bill is to carry into ef­ better represent her interests. She has increased her spindles fect has in its Schedule C the reduction of 40 per cent that I have 6,200,000-more than three times as much as both Great Britain referred to. That certainly is an important matter to the cotton and New England. . interests of the South. No man could pos ibly deny it. .And, Mr. What else do we find? Why, Mr. Chairman, I find in this con­ Chairman, I say that I will gladly support it, because I am in favor nection that there are 29 new cotton mills in pi·ocess of construc­ of a prudent, conservative, commercial expansion. I favor in- tion at this time in the South. What else do I find? That there creasing the demand for our products on all lines. . are 110,000,000 cotton spindles in the world. The South, as I have Why, it is easily to be calculated that it will be but a few years just stated, has 8,200,000, New England has 15,050,000, England before the South will manufacture in her own mills every bale of 46 650,000 of these spindles, and the South produces 76 per cent cotton that ::;he produces. What is going to be the result? Isn t of the cotton that runs the cotton spindles of the world. What it a subject for thought and consideration? We are taking a step does that mean? What sane man can stand and look at such fig­ in that direction. What will be the result in the South when she m·es and not see what it means? It means the coming commer­ manufactures in her own mills every bale of cotton that she pro­ cial supremacy of the South. Do you suppose that the men of duces? The world will demand a larger crop of cotton. probably the South, aided by the men of the North who have come South a crop of 18,000,000 bales will be demanded, and there is no limit and put their money into cotton mills, are going to stand still and to the capacity of the South to produce cotton. There is no danger fold their arms and do nothing more? Why, no. They are being about that. I read this morning where a lot of colored people joined now daily by thousands of enterprising, thrifty men who had been carried by some philanthropists to a certain place in realize the great advantages the South has in its manufacturing Liberia for the purpose of making a success of the cultivation of interests, and they are investing their money there. A cordial cotton. Fifty-six were carried there. They all came from the welcome awaits all. To-day we are manufacturing in our own State of Georgia. Nine of them came back, wan, weary, and mills more than one-half of the cotton produced in the South. We poverty stricken, and the rest were left in their graves in the soil mention this without realizing the prodigious growth it speaks of Liberia. Our climate in the South is well adapted to the cul­ for. What the South needs is to know what we have. Then we ture of cotton, and no laborer for its cultm·e can compare to the will get what we need. We want technical schools, and we in­ negro. The soil is adapted to the cultivation and growth of cot­ tend to have them soon. Twenty years ago we did not manufac­ ton, and the fact is that it pays our people better than any other ture 10 per cent of our cotton or thereabouts. Now, Mr. Chair­ crop. Diversified crops will not interfere with cotton. man, what is our real, substantial hope? Why it is-and I think Many people thought when slavery was abolished the real 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 335

scepter in the hand of King Cotton would be broken; but it has love the softly flowing rhythmical verses of the poet and the beau­ not been so. The crops have increased and all isgoingalongmer- tiful carols of song birds; you strike down that sentiment that rily and well with us to-day. But, Mr. Chairman, I sayweought• makes us listen in the silence of rapt admiration to the murmur of to provide, and we are going to provide, wider and more enlarged rills and brooks that leap from the mountain sides and flow into the ma1·kets for this product, Self-interest is the controlling consid- valleys to make the rivers. Take away from man sentiment, eration in the affairs of this life, and was planted by the hand of and his path is beset by many shady transactions in private nature 1n every man's bosom. I say that we are going to provide and pullic life. I say there is as much sentiment in this matter the outlet for our trade, for our extending and expanding trade, of what we should do for Cuba as in any public question to which looking to the fact that in the early future the South will manu- it has been my pleasure to give attention. When I think of Cuba, facture every bale of cotton that. it now produces. This is no or when I speak of Cuba,Idonotthinkandspeakofitasaterritory wild, idle figure of a dream. or a land thousands of miles away. I think of it and speak of it Mr. Chairman, I believe, further than that, that with the condi- as a land and a country that is near me-swept by gentle and tions that are surrounding us and the facts that are before us to- fragrant breezes-upon which I can lay my hand when I stretch day that rarely hereafter in the South will we see cotton at a less it out just across a strip of water. I think of it as the Queen of price than 10 cents a pound. How are we going to provide for the Antilles, crowned with heroic memories. I remember that these things? It must be by a reasonable, sensible, practical com- the fathers of our country had a longing eye for Cuba. I am not mercia! arrangement with foreign markets. This bill is a splendid going to discuss what I believe to have been the mistakes made step in that direction. It proposes a reduction of 40 per cent. about Cuba. That is not becoming and will do no good at this ~ome one may say that our cotton products and our knitted goods time. will not go there. But they can go there and they will go there, I am aware, Mr. Chairman, what our Government has done for if th9y have not been going there alrea{ly. They will go when Cuba. I know that we have given them liberty and independence, they realize that this 40 per cent is-gi.ven to them in the way of a and in doing that we have sacrificed thousands of valuable Ameri­ reduction. I have thus; Mr. Chairman, devoted most of the time can lives and millions of money. I know, also, that we have re­ allowed me to this cotton schedule because of its great importance lieved Cuba of a large and burdensome debt that cormorants of to our section. Spain had fastened upon her, and we have done, as a nation, many *.MI., Chairman, the distinguished gentleman from Ohio [Mr. more things for them, but yet our duty to Cuba is not ended. I GROSVE~OR] has referred with cordial indorsement to the senti- recall the patriotic resolution on the 18th of April, 1898, wherein ments expressed by our minority leader, the gentleman from it was said that the people of Cuba ought to be free and independ­ Mississippi [Mr. Wn..LIAMS]. For one I saythat Icordiallyagree ent. I do not hesitate to say that that resolution, in its broad with Mr. Wn..LIAMS in the definition that he gives of the position spirit, would have been literally complied with had we offered to that the Democratic party takes upon the question of revising the people of Cuba the blessings and liberty of American state­ and reducing the tariff. We are no free-trade party; no one can hood. Who could have criticised as to sincerity or duplicity if make us that. What we want to do is to revise and reduce and we had given to Cuba the form of government that through trials regulate the tariff along such reasonable, practical, business lines, of blqodshed and tribulations has taken us more than a century preserving always a due, proper, and substantial regard for the and a quarter to establish and perfect? It is a fact that every pa­ industries of our own country and preventing monopoly, and triotic American is bound to admit, that it would not be wise and fostering fair, just, and reasonable competition in trade. We prudent for our Government to permit any form of government want an honest and economical administration of our affairs. · I on the island of Cuba that could, in the exercise of its sovereignty, want to say the time is coming, and I believe it is coming rap- become a menace or a trouble to our republican institutions. The idly; and I believe that the sentiment is prevailing throughout strategic position the island holds as to the Gulf of :Mexico is of the great Northwest, when the utensils for the farm, i.Inplements vast importance to our country. Under all these circumstances and otherwise, made in this country by certain great trust com- it behooves us to cultivate and foster the most friendly and cor­ hines and sold cheaper in Europe than they are sold to our own dial relations with the Republic of Cuba. Let us extend to them farmers will be stopped. We know that, after paying the cost of a helping hand. We can best do that by establishing the freest transportation across the waters, as they do, they take the har- relations of trade and commerce between the island and our coun­ vester, the reaping machines, hoes, and the shovels that the far- try. To do this we more directly appeal to the heart and love of mer uses and sell them at from25 to 50 per cent cheaper in Europe Cuba than anything else. It is the road that leads, in my opinion, than they sell them to our own farmers. No man can fairly con- direct to what we all want to see-the annexation of Cuba to this tend that that is right or that it ought to be submitted to any country. We would not accomplish this by unworthy means or longer, and the people of this country, as they did in France and by anything that approximates to moral coercion. When Cuba . England many years ago, will sooner or later rise up and rebuke comes to us, as I believe she will, let her come of her own free the authors of that wrong. I am glad to read in the speech made will and accord. Let us place no mark of dishonor upon our yesterday by the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. STEVENS] the national escutcheon by unfair treatment to our sister Republic. following where he says: [Applause.] I believe just as squarely in the Republican doctrine of protection as any Mr. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield twenty minutes of man on this side of the House. But I believe that the time will be near at my time to the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. LOUD]. hand when a reduction must be made in some of our tariff schedules which The CHAIRMAN. Thegentleman from Michigan [Mr. LoUD] are admitted to be excessive, such as those of iron and steel, glass, lumber, pulp, pottery, and the like. is recognized for twenty minutes. -· Mr. LOUD. 1\Ir. Chairman, I would that it were possible for That sentiment, Mr. Chairman, is growing. No man can pos­ me as a new Member to_follow the unwritten precedent of this sibly deny it, We may talk about the danger of knocking down body, that I might remain in my seat and drink in the wisdom the first brick in a line for fear that all of the bricks will fall, but of those older in service. the time is coming, yes, is with us now, when,-if the Republican To remain silent, however, at such a time as this would be dis­ party refuses, as it has refused and will continue to refuse, to loyal and unfaithful. to those who sent me here and cowardly to alter these schedules which Mr. STEVENS and others say are un­ my own convictions. just and oppressive, the people will rise up and place in power I represent, in Michigan! a district 200 miles in length and 100 · the party that will alter them-the Democratic party. [Ap­ miles in width, made up of fifteen agricultural cmmties. plause.] Only a few years ago the lumbering industry was paramount As an evidence of the discontent among the masses I quote the in this part of l\Iichigan; but now, the timber largely removed, following from the Chicago Inter Ocean, a stalwart Republican the settlers or farmers have taken up the lands, and· by their journal: industry and energy the forests have been replaced by fertile Our recent prosperity has not been universal Organized capital has pros­ fu~& - pered, in spite of r ecent reverses. So has organized labor. Various circum­ stances have enabled the food producers to prosper notably, but between To say that our interests are now agricultural is an assertion of and under these divisions is an unorganized majority of average men whom importance. every success of a trust or of a labor union compels to spend more out of On the walls of our magnificent Congressional Library we find practically stationary incomes, and which has suffered most from the recent many trite sayings full of thought and wisdom. Among them 1·everses of organized capital. This is why the average man is uneasy. there is none more axiomatic than this quotation from Andrew Now, while I am an earnest advocate of this bill for the feature Jackson: that I have just indicated, but which has not been discussed· on The agricultural interest of the country is connected with every other, this floor at all, namely, the cotton interests, yet I believe there and superior in importance to tbem all is another view and feature of it that certainly challenges my at­ There is no interest which demands more careful consideration tention and my support. I think there is something in the' ·senti­ at our hands than that of agriculture. mental ' ' part of life just as there is in the honorable or the legal. When, a few years ago, it was found that a new product-beet You take from life tbe sentimental, and I say that you strike down sugar-was possible to us, the Republican party, quickly recog­ that which inspii·es the human heart with the promptings of pa­ nizing its importance, applied the life-giving principle of protec­ triotism; you strike down that element in man which makes him tion. The St. Louis platform of the Republican party (June 18, 336 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE. NoVEJ\IBER 18,

1896) has this declaration, upon which capital could rely as a basis who have heard this subject discussed that the pTice of raw sugar of investment in this sugar industry: is contro11ed and fixed in Hamburg. From what course of rea­ We condemn the present Democratic Administration for not keeping faith soning are we led to expect that the sugar trust will raise the cur­ with the sugar producers of this country. The Republican party favors such rent price fixed in Hamburg? If in some mysterious way your protection as will lead to the production on American soil of all the sugar which the America.npeoiJle use,and for which they pay other countries more proposed action should cause the price of raw sugar to advance, than .lOO,OOO,OOOannually. a portion of this eight millions, say one-half, may perhaps e cape That protection was needed there is no doubt. from the trust and arrive in Cuba. This portion of perhaps four Tropical Cuba has the richest soil known in all the world; the millions will then be controlled primarily by the owners of the sugar cane needs replanting but once in ten to fifteen years; labor centrales, the Cuban sugar manufacturers. If they advance the is cheap and content to live in a shack or hut worth not more price of sugar or sugar cane to the estate owners 1 the estate than $10-a laborer with clothing not exceeding a dollar in value, owners may then get, perhaps, one-half of the four millions, or content to live on a little rice, lentils, salt fish, and fruit. Surely $2,000,000. If the estate owner sees fit to advance the wages of our well-housed, well-fed, well-clothed, and well-paid American his laborers a little, then the laborers of Cuba may get from this laborer could not compete on even terms with such conditions as 20 per cent reduction of duty on sugar perhaps a little benefit, of these. say,$1,000,000, and that seems to beaboutall the benefit the Cubans The protection so promised and so given by the provisions of can derive from it, the Dingley bill on the instant when the Republican party re­ IS IT GOOD POLICY FOR US? turned to power in 1897 has harmed no one, for sugar is as cheap We note that the total imports from all count1ies into Cuba in · to the consumer to-day as it has been on the average for the past 1902were $60,584,000 (381). Total imports into Cuba from United ten years. Indeed, for the past three years granulated sugar has States for 1902, $25,000,000 (about 42 per cent of the whole). been one-half cent per pound cheaper than it was in the four years If reciprocity meets all your hopes, our imports into Cuba can immediately preceding. While this pTotection harmed no one, it not increase over $25,000,000, or double what they are now. The was a benefit to the thousands who entered this new field of in­ possible profit on this amount of business can not exceed $5,000,000. dustry. It has been thus far a grand industry for our country, To sum the matter up, we believe: for since that plank was inserted in our party platform, in 1896, First. To obtain this $5,000,000 we will jeopardize our home we will have produced at the close of this year over 816,000 tons sugar industry, amounting in the past year to $88,600,000 (p. of beet sugar, paying out in its production to .American labor (at 121, report 7~)-475,463 tons sugar produced in United States, at q cents per pound) upward of $82,250,000, which, with the cost 4 cents, is $f.2,601,484.80; 514,000 tons from dependencies is $46,- of the 55 factories now in operation-$36,500,000-makes a total 054,400; total, $88,655,884.80. of $118,750,000, most of which has been paid out to our own farm­ Second. We will retard the present rapid growth of our home ers and to our own workmen. Our present factories require to sugar production or stop its growth completely from a lack of operate them 13,000 laborers, and to grow the beets required, confidence in the proposed conditions. Business confidence is a 65,000 laborers on the farms, or a total of 78,000 laborers em­ wary bird and scares easily. You scare one and the whole flock ployed. There are a great many more farmers in the United flies away. States to be hurt than thers are planters in Cuba to be benefited Third. We will lessen our United States revenues by,the 20 per by this change in tariff proposed. Twenty of these factories are cent reduction in duty by over $8,000,000 on sugar, with $2,000,000 located in my own State of Michigan, five of them within the dis­ on tobacco and other imports, or a total of 10,000,000, with the trict which I represent. probability of a loss of $1,500,000 per year additional United States It is difficult for the people in my district and in my State who revenue from alcohol now distilled from refuse of sugar factories. are engaged in this industry to understand why it is necessary at .As a business p1·oposition it seems to be taking unreasonable this time to tamper with the protective conditions which up to chances to secure only $5,000,000 as a net result. The fable of this time have proved so successful not only to themselves, but to the dog and the bone repeats itself. To secure a $5,000,000 bone, the whole country as well. Were it the Democratic party and we lose $10,000,000 United States revenue, and perhaps a portion free-trade theorists who were about to alter these successful con­ or all of the $88,000,000 we now have firmly in our grasp. ditions it would be easy to understand; but for this proposed vio­ I do not assert that this measure will ruin the sugar industry lation of faith from our own party, who made us such promises of the United States, but I do know it will not help it. I know it as those contained in the St. Louis platform, we can not discover will sm·ely retard its growth. The beet-sugar produce1·s of the a justifiable cause, and we protest against it. United States believe this measure is but the entering wedge, and You tell us reciprocity with Cuba is desired, and is this your that further reductions in the tariff will follow later, to the com­ idea of reciprocity? We do not believe those great statesmen of plete ruin of our beet-sugar industry. The building contractors the past, James G. Blaine or William McKinley, would sanction for beet-sugar factory machinery, while they completed nine new such reciprocity as this. The foundation of the reciprocity idea factories last year, have no new orders on hanc;l to-day, because of as laid down by Mr. Blaine and repeated in our national platform the agitation of this proposed measure. of 1900 can not be misunderstood. ''We favor the associated policy This young and healthy industry stands as one threatened with of reciprocity, so directed as to open onr markets on favorable a surgical operation. It may sound well for you spectators to as­ terms for what we do not ourselves produce. or We do produce sert that it will not hurt, but if no good or adequate result is ex­ sugar and we want no reciprocity which gives or intends to give pected, the patient has good reason to shrink from the cut of the aid to' our Cuban competitor in this very industry which we have knife and protest against the operation. Your assertion that the labored so vigorously to establiBh. operation is for the good of the family gives us no comfort. IS IT NEOESSA.RY? FINALLY, IS IT OUR DUTY? Two years ago the reason urged for this same measure being There was a time when we had a " duty to Cuba." The whole passed was charity, for it was contended that the Cubans were in nation realized it. That duty was to free Cuba from the galling dire poverty, and their sugar industry would be surely ruined if yoke of Spanish cruelty and oppression. Our nation engaged in we did not aid them by lowering our rate of duty. Charity is no war with Spain with no cause of our own, but solely to give freedom longer urged; indeed, it was abandoned in the opening speech by to others. .A. sacred declaration was made that we would not the gentleman from New York [Mr. PAYNE]; neither is ruin to seek to acquire Cuban teTritory. 1 Cuban sugar interests discussed, but the cause now urged for this By other nations that declaration was scoffed at and ridiculed strange sample of reciprocity is our "duty to Cuba." . . as an impossible and unheard-of proposition. It is rumored that by some one, we know not whom, some mti­ The fulfillment of that declaration, the keeping our faith with mation, hardly a promise, was made to Cuba. and the doing of our" duty to Cuba," will be a page in our na­ We know of no one authorized to make either vague or definite tion's history which our children will read with pride. .And at promises binding upon this Congress or the .American people. We what a cost was this duty performed? No one knows better what believe that no promise by any person or persons duly authorized it cost than our Chief Executive who, in leading his men up San has ever been made to Cuba which can now be urged as a basis Jmm Hill, was the admiJ:ed and idolized soldier of that hour. for a 20 per cent reduction in our import duty on sugar. The flower of our young manhood gave their lives to the cause. WILL IT BENEFIT CUBA? Lawton, Capron, Fish, Tiffany, and hundreds more shed their To what extent will a 20 per cent reduction of our import duty blood or gave their lives to maintain our honor and to keep the on sugar benefit the sugar producers in Cuba? . Taking our trust. importation of sugar from Cuba last year as a baSI~, the 20 per Our Congress freely voted the moneys to maintain our .Army cent reduction in duty will make a saving to the unporter of and Navy, and never were war taxes more willingly paid by the $8 073 597.97. .All sugar being imported by the sugar trust, this people of any nation. Three hundred million dollars it cost us to suin of over $8,000,000 is primarily theirs, and you will have leg­ keep the faith and to do our duty to Cuba. islated this great sum safely into the capacious pockets of the The war over, the victory won, for a short time we acted as tmgal." lil'U.St. Do you claim that the trust will advance the price Cuba~s guardian, purifying her cities, guarding her sanitation, of raw sugar in its sympathy for Cuba? It is well known to all and making the island indeed both healthful and attractive; and 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 337 then, a stable government assured to them, we withdrew our flag on this matter. Iamopposedtoit. First, because I believe if put and our troops, and a new nation was made byus-the independ­ into law it will. be most harmful to the agricultural interests of ent Republic of Cuba. If, after this blood-bought freedom and this country as well as to the laboring man. Second, I am op­ independence which we have given to Cuba, a duty still remains, posed to the measure because I believe it is a wide departure from I believe it to be solely a paternal duty. Republican doctrines. Third, I am opposed to it because I know If Cuba needs help as our ward, it is our duty to help her. If of no industry or interest, manufacturing or otherwise, with one money is needed, Michigan will gladly pay its portion. exception, in this country that is demanding it, and that one If 20 percent reduction in duties of $10,000,000mnstbeannually exception is the American sugar refiners. I say without any ex­ given, it should go in some way directly to Cuba, and not be placed ception I know of no other interest demanding it. in the pockets of the sugar trust, as your measme in effect pro­ First, :Mr. Chairman, I want to call the attention of the gentle­ vides. It is with the greatest regret that I am unable to agree men present to the magnitude of that magnificent industry in the with the President in this measnre. I am a Republican; I believe State which I have the honor to represent in this House. in Republican principles; I believ-e in protection to American In 1898 the first factory was built in the l::ltate of Michigan, and products and to American industries; I belie-ve in true reciprocity, produced that year 5,685 tons of sugar; in 1809 we had 9 factories but I do not believe in reciprocity that sti:f!es the life or the growth in operation, which produced 11,598 tons of sugar; in 1900 we had of any American industry. 10 factories, which produced 26,821 tons of sugar; in 1901 we had I yield to no one here present in my admiration for and loyalty 13 factories, which produced 62,798 tons of sugar; in 1902 we to President Rooseyelt. .Ai3 a citizen, as a soldier, or as President had 16 factories, w hlch produced 87,500 tons of sugar, and in 1903 I love and respect him. I feel certain, however, if he represented the estimated crop for this year, with 20 factories in operation, the Tenth district of Michigan, or any other district in which will produce 112,500 tons of sugar. The growth of production this new industry has gained a foothold, in this Fifty-eighth Con­ from that young industry in the State within five years is from gress to-day he would with all his strenuous nature and with all 5,685 tons to the enormous sum of 112,500 tons. his magnificent ability oppose this measure. [Loud applause on Further, I may say that the money paid by the owners of the the Republican side.) factories to the farmers for their crop of beets this year, together Mr. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, I yield five minutes to my with the money that will be paid for labor to convert the beets colleague [Mr. McMoRRAN}. into sugar, amounts to the magnificent sum of about $9,000,000. Mr. McMORRAN. Mr. Chairman, I come from the State of Some one has said here that the present duty of $1.68± per Michigan, a beet-sugar State, a State that is always found rolling 100 pounds on raw sugar of 96 per cent test was too high. The up large majorities, and that in the last election gave a. majority gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] said to-day that if that of a bout 80,000 in favor of protection to every American industry duty had been placed there too high on purpose, with the inten­ and destruction to none. tion of reducing it later, it would be unfair to the capital induced I find here to-day a novel condition confronting me. I find our to go int-o the sugar-manufacturing business to afterwards reduce Republican colleagues working hand in hand with our Demo­ it. Let me say to yon, no matter what the intentions of the gen­ cratic friends on the other side in an endeavor to pass a bill, tlemen were who put that amount of duty in .the Dingley bill, known as the Cuban treaty bill, which is in itself a measure in it is a further fact that American capital is in the business now. favor of free trade vr a. tariff for revenue only. It is contrary You did induce capital to invest in that industry by placing the to the principles of Republican policy. It is wrong. It is an in­ duty at $1.68t--capital invested on the strength of that protection jury to every American industry, and I can not understand how to the industry-and started it to going, and yon.are now going to our friends, the Democrats, on the other side of the House have injure these people by reducing it 20 per cent. Let me say to you, either psychologized1 entrapped, or converted the majority of my my friends, that this bill, if enacted into law, will in no way affect colleagues on this side to the theory of free trade. [Applause.] the industry in the State of Michigan, except at the will of the Gentlemen, if the people of this country understood thoroughly great sugar trust of this cotmtry. If they do not see fit-if the the workings of the present Cuban treaty and its effects, espe­ time is not opportune, in their judgment-before the expiration cially upon the agricultural interests of this country, they would of the limit fixed in this measu.re to reduce the price of sugar to be up in arms and they would be condemning the Republican a point below where it will be profitable to the people to grow party for advocating any measure that would destroy any Amer­ beets in Michigan, they will ~ot put it into effect) and therefore can industry, no matter how small. this industry will not be hurt; but if the time comes that they A good deal has been said here about our duty and our pledged think that the oncoming of this beet-sugar industry, which IS honor to Cuba. Butnothing has been said yet that I have heard their most dangerous competitor, should be stopped, you may as to who had any right to pledge our nation to any further duty bank the last cent you have on earth that they will put it into to Cuba. Our first duty is to American citizens, to American in­ operation and reduce the price of sugar on our market below the dustries, and American labor. If Cuba is in an enfeebled condition price where the people engaged in that industry will be able to and needs our help, would it not be much more honorable on our manufacture at a profit, and crush out the industry. part to contribute as a nation, a£ a whole, instead of striking a Again, you will find next day Mr. Havemeyer at the old stand blow at our feeble sugar industry? While the passage of this bill doing business in the same way, with the price of sugar fixed for by this House of Representatives may not destroy the factories the consumer. of this country at 6 or 7 cents per pound. That is that are at present in existence, it will have the effect to pTevent what you will find; that is what yon will make it possible for the the building of any more factories in this country. It will de­ sugar trnst to do. This reduction in price to the consumer will prive American farmers of the advantages already accruing from not be made unless it is in the interest of the American Sugar Re­ their sngar beets. It is all wrong, the principle is wrong, and it fining Company to wipe out competition. Some one has said that brings into notice a remark made by some gentleman on the other it makes no difference to the sugar trust whether you put this aide of the House yesterday, the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. measure into law or not. If that be so, why was Mr. E. F. At­ CLARK], I think, who said that in two years from to-day they kins, of Boston, here nearly two years ago? Why was that old, were going to control this House of Representatives and that they greasy, dirty, stagnated lobbyist, Thurber, from New York, here were going to elect the next President. Now, that impression sneaking around this Capitol ever since I have been in Congress, may have been brought about on the theory that the Republicans who, when put under oath, admitted that he waspaidbythe sugar were working here hand and heart with the Democrats and voting trust and hypocritically stated when before the Committee on for a treaty that was going to carry into effect the destruction of Ways and :Means, when the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. the American sugar industry, and carry out the Democratic theory T.A.WNEY) asked him if he had received any money from Have­ of free trade or tariff for revenue only. meyer, of the sugar trust, in anyway, shape, or manner said, " No," Mr. Chairman, I want it distinctly nndeTstood that the gentle­ but a few days later, when placed upon oath, testified that he had man from Missouri [Mr. CLARK] is laboring under a serious mis­ received money from Havemeyer, and also testified that he had apprehension, and that although my colleag-ues here may have received money directly from Major-General Wood, military gov­ been entrapped into voting for a treaty that is prejudicial to the ernor of Cuba. best interests of American industry, yet when the next election Those gentlemen that were heTe clamoring for Cuban reciproc­ comes around they will find the Republicans all arm in arm ity claimed that within the next thirty days from that time, which walking up and electing a Republican President who will be in was the 15th day of January, 1902, unless some relief was given favor of supporting and maintaining every American industry. to Cuba in the way of a reduction of duty, there would be a panic And I want to go further. I want to see the walls of protection such as had never been witnessed in any country on the face of around this country built up so strong that every agricultm·al the earth. Were they correct? Not one word do you hear of product and every manufactured article may be carried to foreign such nonsense now, not even in the message from the President. shores in American ships, manned by American sailors, and con­ [Laughter.] Major Wood, while he had the Cuban treasury be-­ structed by American shipbuilders. [Prolonged applause on the hind him, was a strong advocate of Cuban reciprocity. It was Republican side. J proven that he extracted from those " poor, half-clothed creft tures 11 :Mr. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, I regret exceedingly that the down in Cuba 820,000 or thereabout that he paid to this man-oh, majority of the Republicans of this House do not share my views I don't know what term would most fit him-this Thurber from XXXVII-22 .338 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE . NoVE:MBER 18,

NewYork; $20,000 to come here to this Capitol and influence · for? Theywereafraidofthecompetitor,myfriends. Theystood legislation. Oh, how unmeritorious such action by a high gov- in awe here when the crowd of Michigan representatives cam~ ernment official. I want to criticise it. Claiming that the Cu- down here opposing this measure one year ago last winter, and bans were suffering, starving to death, that they would have a said it is cheaper to go up there to Michigan and buy up those panic in thirty days, and yet reaching his long fingers into the factories and sell them for scrap iron and get the enormous sum Cuban treasury and handing out 20,000 to this greasy, good-for- that would come to us through the benefits of that measure thau nothing, hairless whelp! [Laughter.] it is to fight this competition, this opposition, becau e that 20 per We find the ex-lieutenant-governor of the State of Missouri cent of the present duty on 1,000,000 tons of sugar that will come testifying that he also favored Cuban reciprocity after receiving from Cuba this year amounts to more money, twice over, than a. check from Mr. Havemeyer of $1,000. When he was hauled the sugar trust has invested in the ten factories in our State. over the coals for favoring legislation for the making of candy in Give them the benefit of this law and in six months they can get their State legislature, when accused of accepting a bribe from back all of the money that they have put into the sugar industries Mr. Havemeyer for that measure, he says: "No, it was not for in Qur State, and in six months more get enough to buy the other candy; it was for sugar. That was what it was." half, and put dynamite under them and wipe them out and de- The chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, Mr. PAYNE, stroy that industry in our State. There are 217 square miles of read on the floor of this House, when making his speech on that land in the State of Michigan to-day planted to beets-140,000 bill a year and a half ago, a letter from Mr. Wood. Mr. Wood acres. Think of that magnificent field, 1 mile wide and 217 miles said that he had searched the island from one end to the other, long, in the State of Michigan that this most infernal bill tends night and day, with a searchlight, and that all the sugar he could to wipe out. I say infernal. Why? find on the island belonging to the sugar trust was 3,285 tons. You have abandoned your claim of a year ago last winter that That letter was read to influence men in this House against the we are doing this because of the suffering in Cuba and because of claim made by the opponents of the measure-that the sugar trust a moral obligation to Cuba. Oh, great God! When is that moral was behind this bill and owned the sugar in the island, waiting obligation going to end? You have abandoned it and you say now for the measure to become a law, so that they could bring it into that for economic reasons it must be done. It is limited to five this country at a. less rate of duty. A few days later Mr. Have- years. My friends, let me show you what it is limited to. It is meyer testified in the Senate end of the Capitol that his company said as a" catch aEl catch can," to cat~h some gentlemen in this owned 93.000 tons in Cuba. Wood only missed it 90,000 tons, and House to vote for it, that this measure is limited to five years; that is not much for a military officer. [Laughter.] The average and the President says, "While I am President of the United American soldier is a better marksman than that, and I could States I promise you no further reduction will be made." What beat such shooting myself. [Laughter.) promise did you make in the Dingley bill? The gentleman from In the State of Michigan, let me say to y<;>u, there is a magnifi- New York [Mr. PAYNE] said," I promise you there will be no cent industry producing an article of use from one of the by- change in this for the next twenty-five years," and he was the products of sugar-alcohol. To-day the Government is buying first person that opened his mouth in this House within six years all, or at least a great portion, of that product. Since the 1st day from the pa sage of the Dingley bill asking for a. change. That of January, 1902, that company has paid to the Government the is right. That same pledge was made in our national platform enormous sum of 3,575,000 in revenue at 1.10 a proof gallon. of 1896 and again in 1900. I accepted the nomination in my dis­ Let this industry alone. Put your Cuban reciprocity bill in the trict on that platform, and I pledged myself to the people of my waste basket and sit down on it, and in a short time, gentlemen, district, and they did me the honor to send me here upon such a we will make sugar in Michigan at a much less cost than we make pledge-that I would stand by that platform, body and soul. I it to-day, and in a short time there will be enough sugar made have done it, gentlemen, and I am doing it to-day. Are you? I in this country, without going to Cuba or any other country, to ask you, are you? supply all the people in the whole United States. Give us time The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] said that this bill to become skilled in the industry, thatwe maygetsomeprofitout is a Republican child-that the Republicans would not let the of more of the by-products, that we may raise beets cheaper, that Democratic side of the House lay any claim to this creature. Oh, we may convert the raw material into sugar at a less cost, and great Scott, that child is of such a dirty mixture-an old, snaggle­ the industry will be more independent. toothed, free-trade, Democratic mother and a Republican Presi- A most striking illustration, my friends, of what can be done is dent for its father. [Laughter.] The youngster will quarrel with that of the Assistant Doorkeeper of this House. This year he itself ·before the expiration of this five years. [Laughter.) It raised 8 acres of beets in the State of Michigan, and this morning will quarrel with it elf worse than the family of Rip Van Winkle he showed me a report from the factory at Lansing, Mich., where ever quaiTeled in Rip's house, and it will make a poor man of the he sold his beets, showing that his yield was 96 tons, or 12 tons per farmer of this countr:y. I want to say to you, without fear of acre, and the percentage of saccharine mat~r was so high that it contradiction that the President on his Western trip last summer yielded the enormous sum of $68.40 an acre for his crop. The to the Pacific coast saw more poor farmers, twice over, needy of price paid for the beets by the factory is $4.50 per ton for 12 per llis help and of your help, than there is in entire Cuba to-day. cent saccharine matter in the beets and 33t cents per ton for every Then why not give kind consideration to your people at home, my 1 per cent above that amount, so that the percentage in the beets friends, help build up an industry here at home that makes happy raised by the gentleman from Michigan was about lot per cent. homes for your laboring men and your farmer instead of making In Germany when that industry was first introduced they pro- miserable shacks, and do not do something to build up the home of duced 9 tons of beets to the acre and about 9 per cent of saccharine those people in Cuba who do not need your help. Here is_what matter in the beets. After long experience they have become President Palma says about Cuban reciprocity in his message to skilled in the industry and now raise 15 tons of beets to the acre, the Cuban Congress on the 2d day of this month: with a percentage of saccharine matter of about 15 per cent. . Our political relations with the United States have been definitely settled Let us alone; let us alone as we are! That is all we ask, and by treaties founded on the terms of the constitutional appendix, a.nd the lat­ we too will become skilled in the industry. To-day the mana­ ter could not be eliminated from the constitution by the mere reading of these treaties. Congress can appreciate that within the precise terms of the ge~s of ~ur factories-the skilled laborers-are largely foreigners. Platt amendment- Let us alone until the American boys become skilled in that in­ dustry and they will be the superintendents, and we will ask no The Platt amendment--now listen-the Platt amendment that odds of Wales, Germany, or any other country. But by putting you howled so much about, that you claim tied the hands of the "into law this measure you say, and you will not deny it, that you Cuban Congress and of the Cubans, making it impossible for them are going to build up that industry in Cuba. How can you build to make advantageous terms with any other country. Continuing, up the sugar industry in Cuba without retarding, at least, and he says: Congress can appreciate that within the precise terms of the Platt amend­ perhaps destroying the sugar industry in this country? They ment Cuba has obtained no few advantages. Of the two forms of cession of have the soil to produce cane cheaply down there. Sugar can be naval coaling stations-by sale or by lease-the one least baneful to Cuban -produced, it has been shown by experts here, at a profit in Cuba sentiment was adopted, and the smallest limit a to the number of stations granted was made: the regulations in theleasescontainotherlimitations fav­ at a cost of lt cents per pound. The freight to this country is orable to Cuba. The Government is acquiring territory within the stations, about9 centsahundred pounds. The duty of 1.68tisastumbling and will soon formally deliver the areas marked out. block. Then the sugar trust gets it. Every pound of sugar com­ The honorable Presidept Roosevelt. to whom the people of Cuba feel such profound gratitude, has been faithful to his word and has convened the Amer­ ing from Cuba to this country goes through the refineries of the Ican Congress in special session for the purpose of ta~g action on the pend­ American Sugar Refining Company or the Arbuckles. One has a ing reciprocity treaty, from which we hope to receive such great benefits. capacity of 40,000 barrels per day and the other of 20,000 baiTels Trustworthyinformationhasbeen received by the executive which warrants per day, a sufficient capacity to supply all the sugar to all the peo­ the belief that this treaty will be ratified. ple of this country that are here to-day or may come for many That is what he says about it. Cuba has 4,000,000 in her treas­ years without adding one more cent to the industry. What they ury and no indebtedness. There is no other country on the face want i~to wipe out the beet-sugar industry. of the earth that has $4,000,000 in its treasury above what it The trust has sent its agents into the State of Michigan and has owes. The United States can not boast of having $4,000,000 to­ purchased an interest in ten of our twenty factories, and what day in its Treasury above its public debt. Cuba has no debt. 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HO-USE. 339

Who wiped out the public debt of Cuba? It had $400,000,000 of tions in Cuba? Only a few aside from :Mr. Havemeyer and those bonded indebtedness that had been heaped upon the shoulders of directly under his influence. Cuba before our brave boys went down there and wiped out the Should this bill become a law would we not expect other na­ Spaniards. We left them with a clean slate. We sacrificed the tions-such as France, Germany, South Africa, Belgium, South precious blood of our farmer boys. Now you come back, under and Central America, and theWest India Islands-to serve notice a mere pretense of a moral obligation to Cuba, and sacrifice the on our Executive that unless the same rates of duty on sugar farmer and the farmer's home. were given to them they would at once impose upon us the max­ - Stop and think, !beg of you, gentlemen; for God's sake stop and imum rates of duties on our goods going into their markets? The think what you are doing to the American farmer. You were Norwegian Government has given such notice already to Cuba, not sent here to legislate for the benefit of Cuban farmers, who are and no doubt other nations will follow suit. better off to-day, as I am going to show, than the American farmer If we should get all of Cuba's trade in all her imports except in their ability to produce sugar. It has been conceded by all that in articles that we could not supply them with, no matter how in Cuba 25 tons of sugar cane can be raised per acre, 10 per cent low the duties, such as jerked beef, rice, cotton, wool, and cattle, of which is sugar, and the planter gets one-half of the sugar from because we do not produce the jerked beef and do not raise the the manufactm·er when he delivers his cane at the door of the rice, we do not produce the kind of cotton and woolen goods that factory. At the average price that sugar has brought in this they have been accustomed to using, and, further, our cattle do ., country when imported from Cuba for the past five years, $2.35 not stand the Cuban climate as do cattle from South America, per hundred, the farmer in Cuba has received more than $50 per where Cuba now buys her cattle. we could not get back from acre for his crop. It costs less money to produce that crop in Cuba as much in trade as we would give away in duty on sugar Cuba than it costs the farmer of the State of .Michigan to produce alone. So that, I say, men who are clamoring for Cuban reci­ a crop of ~ets. When that matter was mentioned two years ago procity seemingly fail to gra-sp the situation. to the gentleman from New York [Mr. PAYNE], he said: "Oh, no; - Gentlemen, we are not here to legislate for Cuba to the detri­ it is expensive down there to raise a crop of cane. Yon know the ment of our own citizens. No careful man who has studied the weeds grow up and they have to be cut down, and they grow up matter and wishes to fairly and honestly represent his constitu­ again and must be cut down again." Great heavens! Is it not ents will, in my opinion, support this bill. a wonder that they do not grow down and have to be cut up? The twenty factories in :Michigan represent an original outlay of [Laughter.l Where the devil would they grow if they did not some twelve to fifteen millions of dollars. There are over 35,000 grow up? Weeds also grow in the beet fields of Michigan. For farmers in the State raising beets for these factories. There was the first time in my life, my friends, I hear Republicans advocat­ this year planted to beets over 140,000 acres of land, yielding about ing free trade. 1,350,000 tons of beets, for which the farmers will receive an aver­ Congress has been called together in extra session by the Presi­ age of $5 per ton, or the-enormous sum of $6,750,000. Do you dent of the United States, and I believe it to be the mistake of want to take the chances of destroying, crippling, or even retard­ his life. In his message to Congt·ess in December last President ing this magnificent industry? I do not believe you do. Then, if Roosevelt said: not, do not support this bill. Do not let the subterraneous influ­ Yesterday I received a message from our minister to Cuba, with an earn­ ence behind this bill mislead you. The supporters of this meas­ est appeal from President Palma, asking us to at once take some action lest ure are not the friends of the beet and cane sugar industry in the it be too late and Cnba financially ruined. United States. The sugar trust has exerted every power within All advocates of Cuban reciprocity until recently have set up its control to retard the oncoming of this dangerous competitor. the cry that there would be a panic in Cuba which would cause and has frequently used its powerful influence in framing legisla­ great suffering among that people unless some reductions were lation most beneficial to itself. Why does the sugar trust take made in the duties on their goods coming into this country. That such an active part in the passage of this measure? Why are such an excuse was unsound, and, in fact, frivolous, time and they spending hundreds and thousands of dollars to influence events have proven. Congress to ad favorably? Do you suppose that this corporation The Presid,ent's message of November 10 makes no mention of would give up one dollar to benefit others? No; they are not built the distress among the people of Cuba, and I say it without fear that way. They are not philanthropists. Do not think it for a of contradiction that in his recent message he recedes from his minute; no man is fool enoug-h to believe it. former position as to reasons for Cuban reciprocity. He throws The Cuban planter raises cane with much less effort than does much stress in this last message upon economic principles and the American farmer raise sugar beets or sugar cane. He plants moral obligations to Cuba. his crop but once in ten years, whereas the farmer in the United That Cuba can take care of herself under present conditions States must plant his crop every year on high-priced lands with and become a prosperous people there is_no doubt. There are high-priced labor. In Cuba the lands are cheap compared with 28,000,000 acres of land in the island the richest soil of any coun­ good farming lands in the United States. Our farmers cultivate try in the Western Hemisphere, and with her population of their crop at a cost of $25 to 30 per acre, while that of the Cuban 1,600,000, in round numbers, she has· but 36 persons per square is cultivated at a much less figure. mile of territory, while Porto Rico has 320 persons to the _square The American people consume about 7,000 tons of sugar daily, mile to support, or nearly ten times as many people per square and at 4 cents per pound (which is about the cost of production) mile as Cuba. Should Cuba receive the full benefits from.a 20 amounts to the handsome sum of $560,000. We consume a little per cent reduction in duties on her sugar, all of which she mar­ over 2,500,000 tons per year. Five hundred thousand tons we kets in the United States, she will, with improved machinery and produce here at home, or an average of 2,800 tons a day. Five American methods now being adopted in the production of her hundred thousand tons are produced annually in Porto Rico sugar, soon supply us with all the sugar that we use, provided the and Hawaiian - Islands, and the remainder-1,500,000 tons­ sugar trust so chooses to reduce the price of sugar to the con­ we import from foreign countries, which at 4 cents per pound sumer in this country until the cane and beet sugar industries of aggregate $120,000,000. Why not encourage home industries and the United States are wiped out. Cuba has received for her sugar produce it all at home? We can; we should. But we will not if we reduce the duty on sugar, thereby retarding this industry at comin~ into the United States, and the United States has taken something over 80 per cent of her entire output, for the past five home and encouragjng it abroad. - . years $2.35 per hundred pounds, and for the past eleven years, The Cuban treasury bas steadily increased in deposits. Labor is from1893 to 1903, inclusive, the sum of 2.69 per hundred pounds. scarce on the-island and is well paid-better paid than is American This is the average price. And when it is a fact that sugar is labor, taking into consideration the cost of living in the two coun­ being produced in Cuba at a cost of less than 1t cents per pound tries, notwithstanding all advocates of this bill contend right the it is apparent that Cuba is making a handsome profit from her reverse. Not a bank failure has taken place on the island since Spain evacuated. Oh, how flimsy the arguments in behalf of the sugar crop. supporters of this bill! If you are going to tear down this mag­ - We will give to Cuba, through charity, what has no foundation nificent structure, the tariff, do not stop halfway, but also reduce in justice. We will rob the American farmer by giving to Cuba the duty on refined sugar as well. Our beet-sugar manufactm·ers and the sugar trust. We will build up the sugar industry in will take their chances with the sugar trust in a deal of this kind. Cuba and retard or tear down the sugar industry in the United Oh, no; at the thought of such a move the supporters of this States. We will feed cheap foreign labor at the expense of the measure at once have a cold chill run up and down their spinal American laboring man and the American farmer. We will make column. Why, gentlemen? Why? Because it would be a blow the first step toward the destruction of our present high pros­ at the sugar tn1st, and that is the power behind the throne. perity. We will break a sacred pledge made by Republicans in I now quote the resolutions adopted by the Michigan Sugar our platforms of 1896 and again in 1900. In fact we will boldly Manufacturers' Association at a recent meeting, with full attend­ and deceitfully do the very thing that our party in honor bound ance: thems2lves not to do. Who among our citizens has asked for RESOLUTION. reciprocity with Cuba except sugar-trust representatives and a Whereas the Congress of the United States is intended to be convened in few millionaires living in this country and owning sugar planta- extra. session prior to the term of the next regular session thereof; and the 340 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE.' NOVEMBER 18,

Cuban reciprocity treaty is before the said session as a special mea.sure which upon those who are striving to build up the beet-sugar industry w·opo!2es a reduction of the import duties upon rn.w cn.ne sugar from Cuba: rherefore, of America? None. Yon give them absolutely nothing in ex­ Reeolved bv the Michigan Sugar M~tnufacturers' Association, That we pro­ change for the sacrifice you demand at their hands. Make the test against 'the adoption of any measure, act, or treaty that will have in question even broader and include thewhole population ofAmerica; effect any reduction of the present custom duties on importations. of raw sugar from Cub:J.. what benefit will they receive from this treaty? Will the con­ In be.half of such resolution we submit the following: sumers of sugar in this country pay less for the article? Does That any interference with the present tariff laws especially directed, as is any sane man believe they will? The major part of the argu­ the proposed Cuban reciprocity h·eaty, is contrary to the letter and spirit of the protection which is guaranteed to American industries. ments so far is based upon the assumption that we are helping That anv such special legislation in behalf of Cuba is not necessary, as the both Cuba and ourselves. development of t he Cuban sugar industry durin~ the PftSt three y&'ll"S and First, as to Cuba, and let me take raw sugar as an example, for at the pr esent time has demonstrated the ability of said industry t{) take ca.re ot itself. it is most often mentioned and is Cuba s largest export. Will the That the apTJroval of the said Cuban reciprocity tre..'l.ty is inimical to the raw sugar receive the benefit of the reduction? If so, the Cuban interests of the farmers and agriculturism and a menace to the beet-sugar sugar planter will be benefited; but how about the American m:mutacturers; and be it further consumer? If this reduction goes into the pocket of the Cuban, Res o lt;e~J That a copy hereof be, and the same is hereby, ordered to be mailed to me Members of the Senn.te and House of Representatives of the then the consumer doesn't get it. Again, suppose that we get State of Michigan in the Congress of the United States and to the committee the benefit of this reduction, then it follows that the fellow in of said Senate and House of Representatives having the matter in charge prior to the assembling of the next Congress. Cuba doesn't get it. MICHTG.A.N SUG.A.R M.ANUF.A.CTURRRS' ASSOCI.A.TION, Now, take it with the goods that we ship to Cuba, and it works W. L. CHURCHILL, President. the same way. If the Cuban consumer gets the benefit of the C.A.RMEN SMITH, Vice-President. proposed reduction of from 20 to 40 per cent, then we do not; if F. R. H.A.THAW.A.Y, See~·etary. we do, he does not, and there you have it. • In conclusion, gentlemen, I appeal to you, I beg of you to stand After all is said and done we shall find that somebody has been by the Republican protective principles. Cuba does not need the playing both ends against the middle, and you can easily figure contemplated benefits provided for in this bill. Om· American out that the American consumer has gained nothing, the Ameri­ farmers and our American laboring men need protection, and the can farmer has gained nothing, but has lost millions, and these mil­ eyes of the world are centered upon Congress and are looking lions have not even gone into the pockets of the Cuban people, with expectancy as to what action Congress may take, what but will be found laid away in the vaults of the sugar trnst. course it will pursue. And I beg of you to follow the opponents How it will enjoy the fruits of American folly. But it is not of this measm·e, who are making an honest fight for protection my desire, nor have I the time, to go into an elaborate argument to their home institutions. upon these phases of the question. Gentlemen may resort to sub­ Mr. BELL of California. Mr. Chairman, it is not with any tlety and refinement of argument and :may find academic reasons hope of changing the final vote on the passage of this bill that I in support of reciprocity, but the fact will remain, not clouded or ta:ke this occasion to express briefly some of the reasons that impel obscure, but clear as the noonday sun, that by the passage of the me, for one, to vote against reciprocity with the Cuban Republic. bill you inflict wanton injury upon a growing industry in America. Let me state plainly at the outset that my attitude is not due to We may judge of the future of beet culture by the past. Dnr­ any ho tility toward tariff reform, for no one would hail the ingthe fiscal year ending June 30,1884, only 535 tons of beet sugar removal of the glaring inequalities of our fiscal system with greater were produced in the United States. It began to grow steadily, satisfaction than I; but it is because I can not sit silently by, and during the year ending June 30, 1901, it amounted to 76,859 without protest or challenge, while a harsh blow is being struck tons. But now witness its leaps and bounds. From 76,859 tons at a great interest in my native State. In that mighty Common­ for the year ending June 30, 1901, it rose to 195,463 tons for the wealth on the shores of the Pacific, whose inexhaustible resources fi cal year ending June 30, 1903. Dm·ing the year 1902 California insure her a foremost place in this great sisterhood of States, alone prodneed 637,204 tons of sugar beets~ or 79,271 tons of sugar. where diversities of climate and soil bring forth the products of This means 50,000 acres of sugar beets in C3.lifornia., and she is every zone, there upon the broad, firm foundation of agriculture just getting a good start. a hardy, intelligent, and industrious people is laboring to convert Not only California, but Michigan, Colorado, Utah, and many to the use and benefit of mankind nature's most prodigal wealth. other States west of the Mississippi are taking up the culture of He who lightly counts the part that California is to play in the sugar beets with bright prospects before them. And now that munding out and strengthening of this Union, he who thinks the arid and semiarid lands of the great West are being reclaimed that he may lightly dally with her interests in these Halls of Con­ through aid of iiTigation, it means a great impetus to this new gress is ignorant of the la. ws that brought her into being, ignorant industry that has passed the experimental stage in more than a. of the last half century of her history, and ignorant of the people score of States. that dwell upon her soil. In her rich valleys, where artificial To the gentlemen who have conceived the idea. that it is only means are not required to persuade the earth to yield up its boun­ a few farmers here and there who are protesting against this ties and its treasures, on her broad semiarid plains. that are be­ Cuban bill, I would like to-commend a careful reading of Report ginning to quench their long thirst from the never-failing reser­ No. 74 of the United States Department of Agriculture, issued '\'"oirs of the Sierras, the farmers of California in late years have during the current year, and containing much valuable and inter· been patiently building up a new industry, one that must prosper esting information concerning the sugar-beet industry in this if left to pursue its bright prospects. The sugar beet is establish­ country. Some idea of the magnitude of the interests now at ing its home there, where it can thrive and increase and add its stake would result from such reading, and I do not doubt that quota to the golden wealth of California. the conclusions of a. great many gentlemen in this Hall would be But, like scores of other industries whose early endeavors to materially modified if they would but become acquainted with the strike deep root into American soil have been aided by a system promising future of the industry. If it is not the result of this of protective tariffs, it too has felt the stimulus of that traditional treaty to injure this growing industry, then every a1·gnm.ent that policy of Amel'ica. It desires to reWn this aid until it shall have you protectionists on the other side of this Hall have put forth acquired the strength to stand alone, and this desire is neither for the last century is unsound and no longer worthy of credence unreasonable nor unjust. It would not ask for exclusive protec­ or consideration. tion for itself, nor would those who represent its interests on this Not content with my own deductions let us put it to the test of side of the Chamber take such an indefensible stand; but so long your own tariff propaganda., let it be judged by the declarations as the evils of high tariff continue to confront the farmer in every of your party platforms, the platforms upon which you appeal to purchase he makes, so long as exces~ive import duties continue the people of this country from time to time. When this meas­ to render it possible for the trusts to extort from him prices far ure is weighed in your own scales it condemns you. You dare above those asked and received from his foreign competitors, not enter a plea of not guilty, for your record will be here, black just so long will he demand that the mite of protection he now on white. You can not enter any specious plea of justification, receives from the system shall continue. So long as the American for none will appear to appease those whom you have wronged. farmers are compelled to pay daily tribute to monopolies, so long Like men you will have to face the injured interests of my State, as the prime necessities of life, its food, its raiment, its shelter, and of other great States, and confess that you have sacrificed and the implements of husbandry, are taxed through the instru­ them you know not why. mentality of government for the benefit of a few, just so long With my State thus placed in jeopardy, I can not refrain from will those upon whom these burdens weigh heavily demand the opposing, futile though such opposition may be, the policy you retention of tariff upon the products of the soil. Much as they propose. Again I say that it is not because I am opposed to tariff might welcome the advent of tai·iff reform, they can not discover reform. I want to see such reform. The Democrats in my State, tariff reform in a measnre that strips them of protection while it and many adherents of the Republican party there, will welcome leaves their oppressors as strongly intrenched as before. tariff reform. But Cuban reciprocity is not tariff reform. It is When you enter into a special contract with Cuba to admit the not even so called by its stepfather and Heaven knows parental products of her soil and industry at a reduction of 20 per cent interest ought to be sufficient to give the child its right name. from the Dingley rates, what corresponding benefit do you confer The gentlemen on the other side of the Chamber do not call it 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 341 tariff reform, but on the contrary their leaders have quieted much It has always seemed to me that patriotism to the nation must anxiety among the high protectionists by solemnly asseverating rest upon loyalty to our respective Stat.es. It is in our communi· that it is not tariff reform, it is not an interference with the tariff, ties at home where we are touched at all sides by the forces and it is just simply reciprocity. the influences that make for our happiness and well-being, where Nor does it seem to be a Democratic measure. To settle the our lives, our liberties, and our property are rendered sacred and political legitimacy of this bill would require a wiser man than inviolable by the vigilance of the immediate State, where a lib­ Solomon. It is not Republican,'because it destroys the symmetry eral education is guaranteed to our children and opportunities of the tariff system by suddenly cutting off one-fifth of its aid from afforded to them to embark upon honest and useful lives; it is an industry that still needs it. And this is not Republican doc­ there, I say, that we first perceive the real grandeur of the Na· trine, as I understand it. It is not a Republican measure, because tional Union that has given birth to these great privileges; it is with an immense home market for sugar it suddenly arrests then that we see and feel the real significance of allegiance to the those processes that bid fair some day to supply that home mar­ central government; it is then that we can truly say that through ket. No principle is written more plainly among the platforms loyalty to our States we have been led into a better quality of pa· and traditions of the Republican party. than the principle that triotism to our common country. It is only when each is faith­ American industries shall receive the substantial aid of govern­ ful to those whom he represents that the best results are obtained ment by means of high tariffs until such time at least as they in representative government. In championing the interests of shall be able to produce what we consume. The home market my people at home I do not fear that I shall weaken my fidelity for home industries is the A B C of the protective system. to the nation. Nor can it be indorsed as a Democratic measure. While a Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I yield fifteen minutes to the gen­ large majority of the gentlemen on this side of the House will tleman from Michigan [Mr. GARDNER]. vote for it, I am consoled by the thought that no such bill would Mr. GARDNER of Michigan. Mr. Chairman, in the Fifty. have ever originated in the Democratic party, unless it opened seventh Congress the delegation from Michigan stood unani· wider avenues of trade and in a manner justly to distribute the mously and earnestly against any reduction upon the duties upon advantages it brought and to equalize whatever burdens remained. sugar coming from Cuba, and we were entirely sincere in our op· In so far as this measure may remotely tend to unshackle trade position to the measure then pending. It is not a secret, but if it and commerce it may accord with Democratic policy, but there­ is to any of you, if you will look into the vote upon the roll call mote good, if_any at all, seems to me to disappear before the im­ bringing this measure before the House as it is at this'time, you mediate evils of the bill. It seems to me that it will pave the way will find that the Michigan delegation was divided, and that the for violations of one of the cardinal principles of Democracy. majority of the delegation is in favor of the bill now pending be· In the hands of a cunning majority, in the hands of a pal,iy that fore the House. I am one of those, to use the language of the largely draws its sustenance from the monopolistic institutions gentleman from Missouri [Mr. DEARMOND], who is" back on the of the country, reciprocity will be used from time to time to dis­ reservation," and I think I have brought my conscience with me, mantle the defenses that protect the producers of raw materials notwithstanding the gentleman seems to think that all of us who in America, while it leaves undisturbed and undiminished the changed our attitude are conscienceless or have left the conscience powerful agencies that prey upon them. Strip the farmer by de­ somewhere else. · grees of the modicum of protection he now receives in order that In the first place, I do not like any man of any party or creed foreign gates may swing ajar for the products of our mills and to impugn my motives; to say, as the gentleman plainly did say factories, but do not lay a desecrating hand upon manufacturing by imputation, that for the hope of the committee assignment or industries, for they are still in their infancy and must be carefully for fear that we might not be assigned, perchance, as we other· nurtured and looked after. If reciprocity shall thus become an wise would, we had changed our minds upon this question. I instrument of special privilege, then will it become a veritable know that I can speak for myself, and I believe I can speak for curse, indeed, rather than a step toward a reform. every member of the Michigan delegation who has changed his But we have no promise, not even an intimation, that further mind, that the gentleman from Missouri does us a great injus· reciprocity treaties are to be enacted, nor do we hear many of our tice; he does the Speaker a wrong when he intimates that he friend$ exploiting the beauties of reciprocity as a general p1·inciple would hold that lash over us and virtually force us to vote against upon the floor of the House. what we believe to be right in the present contest. He does in· We are now having specialized reciprocity, a process by which justice to the honorable intentions of men on this side and of that we are to discharge our obligations to Cuba. It is certainly very side of the House alike. edifying to a new Member like myself to :find this Congress legis­ Now, why have we changed? I speak for myself; theothergen4 lating along the lines of altruism and the higher law. When one tlemen can well speak for themselves. While we were in this comes into this atmosphere surcharged with the breath of exalted arena in the last Congress, wrestling with this question in sin­ inter-Cuban ethics, he begins to wonder if he has really read his­ cerity and in all good faith and to the best of our ability, men tory right. These endearing terms toward Cuba fall most pleas­ were sitting in the galleries applauding the sentiments of the ad· antly upon the ear, and it is gratifying to see our eminent statesmen vacates of nonreduction upon beet-sugar revenue taxes, and at press the Queen of the Antilles to their palpitating breasts. But the same time, as we learned afterwards, they were making amidst all this display of affection for Cuba, in the curious and terms with the beet-sugar trust themselves. Sold out. Like inouisitive mind there are apt to arise some unreligious inquiries Jacob of old, some unseen power had touched them in the hollow and perhaps a few doubts. One can not help but wonder, if Cuba of the thigh. [Laughter.] Unlike Jacob they did not wrestle were teeming with woolen mills and cotton factories, or with steel until they gained the victory, but, like him,_they have been limping and iron works, with its looms and its spindles and its furnaces eversince. Thatisnotanargument,butsimplylastatementoffact. attended by the cheap labor of the world, and whose products Now for an argument. One of the last men I saw before I left would be shipped into America under this bill to compete with the district I have the honor to represent was the president of the similar industries here, whether in such a case Cuba would have only beet-sugar plant within the bounds of my district, and one, as many sweethearts on the other side of the Chamber as now. too, which has not sold out to the trust. I talked this matterover Again, one in ruminating over this treaty and its history might with him. He said squarely and without equivocation, "Vote be so uncharitable as to wonder what occult powers have con­ for the bill; we can do without it. We would rather have the 20 verted the forty gentlemen on the other side who so strenuously per cent reduction and have the question settled for five years denounced and voted against this measure in the last Congress. than to have this agitation going on as it will if it is not set· Diana by one look could change a man into a beast, but mythology tied." That was the sta.t.ement of a gentleman who was here i.n conceals the name of the American deity that has changed sugar this Capitol, a most honorable man, using his influence with the beets into sugar plums. Michigan delegation against the measure in the Fifty-seventh Con· We are going to crown Cuba next Thursday afternoon at 4 gress, who is now advocating the 20 per cent reduction, asking o'clock; we expect to use the jewels that consistency has lost in his Representative to vote for it, and that had a great influence these debates. We intend to crown her as a queen of peace. in changing my mind upon this subject. In America a fiscal war has waged for over a century. At Another reason why I have changed my mind is this. The most times it has become so fierce as to almost threaten revolution. noted opponent of the bill pending in the last Congress, a man who But now Cuba bids the combatants cease their warfare, and, like was much quoted and often referred to on both sides of this House, the mighty hosts at Talavera, suspend the awful din of battle and was Mr. Oxnard, of California, the president of the American drink together of the limpid waters of reciprocity. 'Tis well and Beet Sugar Association. Mr. Oxnard, personally and officially, fitting that Cuban sugar should at last sweeten the acrimony of was against the measure proposed in the last Congress. I ask, debate and cement for the nonce the two great parties of America. Mr. Chairman, that the Clerk be allowed to read the resolutions At this love feast I can not partake, for I have my constituents at of the American Beet Sugar Association, of which Mr. Oxnard is home. Perhaps I wrong them and wrong myself in refusing to president. join with my colleagues J:ere in favor of this ~ill. It· may be The Clerk read as follows: charged that my attitude IS a selfish one, but this I can not and Whereas a reciprocity treaty between the United States of America and will not concede. the Republic of Cuba has been laid before the Senate of the United States by 342 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NoVEMBER 18, the President, who believes that the public interests require its prompt rati­ fication; and on the eve of a P~esid~ntial el~ ~ tion 'Ye ~hou~d line up unitedly Whereas this association believes that the proposed reduction of 20 per for the ~eat doctr~e or l?rotection, wh1ch 1s bemg assa';llted again cent will be limited in good faith for a peliod of five years to that amount, and agam on that s1de of the Cham her. We should YJ.eld this to and will insura to the manufacturers of beet su~r in the United States a the rever~d memor~ sition to the ratification of the &'lid treaty, but that it r e­ spectfully recommends to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations that this question believing as I do that under the changed conditions the eighth article of the treaty be amended so as to express in precis.e lan­ outlined we had a right to ehange our judgment and advocate guage what is intended to be secured by the treaty to the beet-sugar manu­ the policy of the President, of the majority of this House and as facturers of the United States. namely, that during the period of five years covered by said treaty no sugar exported from the Republic of Cuba shall I think the majority of the American people! North, South, East, be admitted into the United States at a reduction of duty greater than 20 and West. [Applause.] p.er cent of the rates of duty thereon as provided by the tariff act of the Mr. BURGESS. 1\fr. Chairman~ I confess that with great reluc­ United States approved July 2!, 1 97. tance under all the circumstances which exist I shall speak and Mr. GARDNER of Michigan. Now, Mr. Chairman, I read from vote against this bill. The action of the Democratic majority in article 8 of the treaty as amended: decla11ng it the" sense of the caucus that Democrats should vote P1·ovided, That while this convention is in force no sugar imported from for this bill,'' though unamended, has great per uasive force with the Republic of Cuba, and being the product of the soil or industry of the Republic of Cuba, shall be admitted into the United States at a reduction of me: and I would that I could see how I could follow it in justice . duty greater than 20 per cent of the rate of duty thereon as provided by the to my conscience, my oath of office, and my pledges to my people tariff act of the United States approved July 24, 1897; and no sugar the prod­ and my Democratic convictions. I believe in binding party uct of any other foreign country shall be aUmitted by treaty or convention into the United States while this convention is in force at a lower rate of caucuses which bind upon all questions save those which affect duty than that provided by the tariff act of the United States approved July the oath of office or the pledges to our constituents. 2i, 1 97. I am painfully aware of the fact that my action will submit me That, gentlemen! is the amendment asked to be placed in the ·to misapprehension, probably to misrepresentation, and possibly to treaty by the American Beet Sugar AssGciation, and with that in party malice. Very well. I shall at least have the satisfaction it they were content. of knowing that I pursued a manly course and stood here for what That association represents officially the beet-sugar growing I believed in my heart was right. Nor do I intend on account interests of the United States, and as such speaks for that great of my vote and my position that any man shall hereafter justly industry. They ask that this treaty be ratified in their interest; accuse me of being a protectionist. The sugar interest in my dis­ that it is for the benefit of the beet-sugar industry that this treaty trict is a small one. I hope firmly that in the near future, under should be ratified. Either these gentlemen know or do not know favorable conditions, cotton production may be decreased and the what is for their welfare. For one, I am willing to concede, in intere ts of agriculture promoted, and that the vast river bottoms the light of the judgment of intelligent men who are in the busi­ now afflicted with the cotton-boll weevil in my district and oth­ ness, that they know better than I what will injure and what will ers adjoining can be put in cane cultivation profitably; but the benefit them. Five years of undisturbed conditions is what they present cane crop there is practically of little value and not to be ·ask. Five years wherein they are permitted to go ahead and de­ compared with either the cattle interests or the rice interests or velop the industry. I am not insensible to the splendid argument the cotton interests, all of which are in my district. made by my colleague from Michigan [Mr. FoRDNEY]. In my It is contended by the friends of this legislation that it is in the judgment it was one of the best that has been made on this floor interests of the rice men and the cattlemen and the cott

Imports during the year ending August 31, 1903: · as we find them. In due time the President will cease to be influenced by General imports ______------______------·------177,573,622 the men who have, as he will soon see, so strangely misled him. It is to be Shipments from Hawaii to the United States______234,280 hoped that his education will not cost the country too much. Total Ifrodu\!t and imports._-----.... ____ ------______--··- 497,199,902 That simply means, stripped of all verbiage and the bare facts being stated, that $20,000was appropriated from the Cuban funds Exports during the year ending August 31,1903: upon vouchers issued by Leonard Wood and indorsed by the War Domestic exports ...... ------·----·----··------·-···-··------19,400,292 Department of this Administration, those vouchers reciting on §~;~n~~r~~ri<>:Rfco~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~:::~~~~~~~~~~~~======J:m:: their faces that they were for the purpose of influencing " leaders Shipments to Hawaii _____ --·------·----·----·------· 2,597,586 of thought" in the United States in favor of this bill. Great God! Total exports and shipments--···------·----·-·-_-----···· 78,295,568 Has it come to a pass where your own officers have to take the taxes from their subjects to influence their employer, the Repub­ Available for home consumption ( 497 ,199,902-78,295,568) __ • _•• ___ .. _ 418,904,334 lican party, to discharge its moral obligation? I knew the Repub­ Under the existing law there is a tariff of 2 cents a pound on lican conscience was getting seared, but I did not know that it cleaned rice. This table and this letter disclose that notwith­ was that tough yet. standing the marvelous increase in the growth of the rice pro­ Of course those who adopt this child, t.hus suspiciously born of duction in Texas and in Louisiana, yet we do not produce three­ fraud and political theft, disgraceful to the annals of American fourths of the American rice consumption at home. With a tariff statesmanship, are not in a position to investigate into the inci­ of 2 cents a pound on cleaned rice, the rice raiser in Texas and in dent attending the birth of the child they adopt, and hence bril­ Louisiana or in any part of the United States can not be benefited liant gentlemen who indorse this bill, abler than I, and Demo­ by this sop that is included in this treaty. crats, do not talk about this, which ought to wipe this Republican How about the cotton raisers? We exported last year $10,000,000 Administration out of power, because it is absolutely defenseless less manufpctured cotton goods than we imported, this difference and wrong. If General Wood, in command down there, control­ being worth three time3 the toW of Cuban trade in manufactured ling and governing the Cubans, had any recommendations to cotton goods, so that there is nothing in that for the cotton make, the only legitimate statesmanship possible was to recom­ planter, whose future is in the Orient with the open-door policy. mend to the Secretary of War what he desired and thought ought So much for the special interests that I am asked to consider in to be done; for the Secretary of War to recommend that to the connection with this bill. President, and for the President of the United States to lay the :Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Does the gentleman mean to matter· before the Congress of the United States, and proceed de­ say that we are not to send any cotton goods into the island of cently and in order to discharge a moral obligation claimed to Cuba and that the character of cotton goods manufactured in the exist toward Cuba. But to pursue a dirty and surreptitious South are not being sent there and would not continue to be sent method, the facts about which had to be dragged out of Thurber's there in larger volume? throat in the Senate committee, is disgraceful and ruinous to any Mr. BURGESS. I say that the facts show that more than administration under the sun. No wonder that post-office thiev­ $330,000 worth were sold under existing conditions in Cuba, not ery obtains in the land, when such acts as that can be notori­ including clothing, of which we sell them the most of any country, ously done in open sunlight and the chief actor be boosted into and there is no reason but a protective selfish one on the -part of higher office. the cotton raisers to urge this bill in their interest. That is what The gentleman from Georgia [Mr. BARTLETT] at the first ses­ I say. I am equally for the cotton raiser, the rice raiser, and the sion of the last Congress introduced a resolution calling for the cattle raiser, and I plant myself on the old Democratic grounds of facts in ibis matter from the Secretary of War, which was passed­ equality in taxation and insist that the rate of revenue shall be after the Senate bearing, in which Senator TELLER had pulled the levied equally upon all these articles, so that the bm·dens and facts out of Mr. Thurber, they could no longer be suppressed­ benefits of the system may be as equal as possible. Do you sub­ and here is Brigadier-General Wood's statement through the scribe to that? Secretary of War: Suppose a treaty proposed with Japan and Hondm·as reducing W .ASHINGTON, D. C., July 1, I.m. the tariff on rice in consideration of a differential preferential SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith a. statement of the expenses incurred in the cause of reciprocity between Cuba. and the United States. tariff in our favor; suppose a treaty with Mexico and Brazil The disbursements made were made by me as military governor of the is­ reducing the tariff on cattle p.nd hides in consideration of a differ­ land of Cuba, and were made for the purpose of presenting to the people of ential and preferential tariff in our favor. the United States, without reference to pa~ or section, the desires of the people of Cuba as to the trade relations which should exist between that If I support this bill, how can I oppose those? If one favors this country and our own. The action taken was approved by the industrial and trading off of tariff rates on the raw materials of sugar and tobacco, commercial classes of Cuba. It received the unqualified approval of the how can he oppose the policy when applied to other raw mate­ Eecretaries of the insular government, and was au expenditure of Cuban funds for the purpose of promoting Cuban interests. rials·~ _If these products of sugar and tobacco were raised in New The expense accounts are herewith inclosed: England States, who is silly enough to think this bill would ever 1. Expenses of the special commission of Cuban planters sent by me, have been born? Echo answers, who? The incidents attending as military governor of Cuba, with letters of introduction to the birth of this child should disgrace its daddies on that side of the honorable the Secretary of War of the United St.ate.3, with the intimation that they desired to appear before the commit­ the House and make ashamed its step-daddies on this side. tees of Congress to be heard upon the subject of trade relations How did it originate? I want to read to you from an article between Cuba and the United States ______1,399.00 2. Salary of F. B. Thurber, together with certain expenses for travel published in the American Economist of June 20, 1902. The and clerk hire.------______------______740.00 Economist has authority from the great Thomas B. Reed to state 3. Expenses incident to the purchase and circulation of certain the fact that he wrote it himself. Here is the language of aRe­ marked copies of various United Statvsperiodicals ...... ______340.98 publican ex-Speaker, in my judgment the greatest man, second 4. The circulation of 10,00) copies of a pamphlet entitled" Industrial Cuba"------_ ..... ------____ --·------______222.50 only to Abraham Lincoln, that the Republican party ever pro- 5. The cost of circulating 300,000 circulars, in four issues of 80,000 duced. He says: · each, $11,520, to which th~re is to be added $27.76, travel expenses * * * When Mr. Thurber owned up to his "80,000 of leaders of public of Lieut. E. Carpenter, acting commissary, United States Army, opinion" and told who paid for stirrin~ them up; when he disclosed his prin­ incurred in connection with the payment to United States Cipals, and we found them to be a combination of the sugar trust and the ExportAssociation of $2,880 (seevoucher No.1 to abstract here- governor of Cuba, who tried to manipulate the United States with trust with), making in alL ..... ------______11,547.76 money, a clear light was thrown over the scene. Instead of a popular upris­ 6. The expenses incident to the circulation of 443 copies of the Out- ing, the people of this country had been manipulated by skillful artists and look Magazine containing an editorial article on reciprocity___ 26.58 were turned over to believe what was entirely false. Just turn back and 7. The expenses incident to the circulation of 18,000 copies of the read those simultaneous telegrams from the mayors of cities, published two ~unday e~tions. of the Ha.bana Post, containing editorial writ- or three months ago. Unless something was at once done starving Cuba mgs on reciprocity------·-- ______------____ 750.00 would fall a prey to the rapacity of American farmers. 8. To the Habana. Post, for printing and circulating certain pam- phlets on reciprocity ---·-- ______------·----·--- ______600.00 Since that time, according to the statements of the gentleman who preceded me, the beet-sugar trust bas got into the combina­ Total _------·------·------·· ______------______15,628.82 tion and called off its valiant warriors and got them back on the The foregoing is to the best of my knowledge the total amount of the dis­ bursements for the cause of reciprocity called for in the resolution of Con­ reservation with the rest of the trusts and those who are support­ gress of June 23, 1902. ing this measure. Very respectfully, LEONARD WOOD, We wonder now how many of these appeals were written by General Brigadier-Geneml, Uni ted States .t1.1'my. Wood. We know he paid to circulate them. Who wrote them he can per­ The SECRETARY OF WAR, haps tell us if he chooses. Whether he can or not, we have not done what Washington, D. C. they demanded, and nothing has followed. (Through the Adjutant-General of the Army.) Those of us who sm>}>ected this popular uprising have demanded three Further on in this remarkable confession of misappropriation things. Was any promise ever made importing moral obligation? If so, what was it? Who had a right to make such a pronlise? If we can not find of a trust fund is a copy of one of these vouchers, showing what what it was nor who made it, and if we know, as we do, that nobody had a was done with this money. Here it is: right to mn.ke it, who are these people who are using hard language, and No.l5. who, having been exposed, are still holding up a high head? They are men NEW YORK, .Ap1·il S, 19fe. who are disguisin~ their self-interest under declarations of philanthropy. While the PreSident can not control Congress, and, above all, has not the The United States military government of the island of Cuba to United States right to control it, it is unfortunate for the country that he has seen fit to Export Association, Dr. interfere, even With so weak and unsatisfactory an argument. It is a pity For sending a third edition of 80,000 circular letters and accompanying that when he found out his mistake he persisted. But we must take things publications to leaders of thought throughout the United States, advocating ! 344 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NOVEl\fBER 18,_ a reduction in the duties upon Cuban l'roductB~ with a. reciprocal reduction in the duties upon American products 1mportea into Cuba, $2,8ro. is in accord with the platform of the Ninth Congressional district Received payment. of Texas, upon which I ran, and the Fifteenth district, in which UNITED STATES ExPORT AsSOCIATION, GARNER was elected. F. B. THURBER, President. A true copy. No m~n living, if I know my heart, more earnestly desires to FRANK R. McCoY, see a united Democracy that shall sweep over Republican opposi­ Pirst Liet£tenant, Tenth United States Cavalry, Aid-de-Camp. tion and revise the iniquities of the so-called Dingley bill than myself, but that can never be done by bills that provide for the The milita~·y government of Cuba to United States Export Association, located special class interests of one section as against the other. We at 90 West Broadway, New Ym·k, Dr. must go back to that great ground of Robert J. Walker when he announced the principle that divided all articles imported into Date of Appropriation (gen- A t services. I Items. eral and subhead). moun · these three classes-necessities, comforts, and luxuries-levying I the lowest possible revenue on necessities, higher upon the com­ 1902. f01·ts, and the highest upon the luxuries, the same rate on the Apr. 12 To services, as per bill attached .in Agriculture, in- $2,880 same class, but on all classes to raise only enough revenue to run support of the applications of tne1 dustry, and com- inhabitants of the island of Cuba merce, centl-alof- an honest and economical government. for reciprocal tariff relations flee, fiscal year You can never adopt that proposition if you commit yourself to with the United States. 1902. I'eciprocity treaties which trade off agricultural schedules to secure foreign markets for northern and eastern protected industries. This voucher paid by check No. 403158, dated April 11, 1902, for $2,880 on I am against this bill for that reason, if there were no others. It Banco Nacional de Cuba, drawn to order of United States Export Association.1 is a long step in the direction of a free trade South and West, B. F. DAVIS, TreasunJ Disbursing Clerk. while protection remains in the interest of the manufacturers of All this, and more, can be found in House Document No. 679, this country. Why is it, think you, that the beet-sugar trust has first session Fifty-seventh Congress. What would Washington gone into the maw of the lion, the American sugar trust, and have done to Wood? all the rest of the trusts are backing up this legislation? But this bill purports to be a bill to carry into effect a treaty Why, the mask can be torn away very easily. It grows out of the between the United States and the Republic of Cuba. What! Is trade selfishness in the East, which says," Here is a shrewd trade this House to surrender its prerogatives, privileges, powers, and invention by which the Cuban will thi·ow up a tariff wall in his duties under the Constitution of the United States, with reference country of 20 or 40 per cent against all other nations, and let the to raising revenue, to the dictates of a President and a Senate and protected industries, our monopolies under tariff produced here, bow down meekly to the iron heel that is already on the necks of into their markets against all other countries." Now, I deny that the representatives of the people to ratify a treaty already rati­ we are under any moral obligation to do anything for Cuba ex­ fied by the Senate in defiance of the Constitution of the United cept to refund to them $20,000 that General Wood filched from States? Can a man do that and claim still to be a Democrat? their treasury; yet we are under moral obligation to Cuba to do The Constitution provides that all bills affecting the revenue the square, honest, manly, just thing by her and her people, as shall originate, shall begin, in the House; yet this bill on its face yet ignorant in the great problem of self-government. purports to "carry into effect" a convention negotiated by the But, gentlemen, we shall inflict the crime of the century upon President and ratified by the Senate. Nothing but an artistic le­ them if we undertake this legislation and coerce them to throw gal dodge can evade the plain proposition that if we vote for this up ~ tariff wall, barring off France, England, Germany, and bill we yield our exclusive rights to the Senate and the President, Spam, so that the American manufacturer can go in there and and they can go on negotiating treaties, drumming up public sen­ emich himself in the Cuban market by reason of a differential timent, and rush them through the House by the action of Com­ tai·iff. There is no doubt that that is the true inwardness of this mittees on Rules, without amendment and without debate, and whole miserable policy of Cuban reciprocity. It is a trade policy destroy the constitutional functions of this House. I am sworn prompted by the greed of commercialism, which cares nothing for to support the Constitution! Democratic or Republican principles, constitutional rights, or con.. But this legislation was condemned by two Democratic national sistency. The only question that it consi<;Iers is, Will it pay? platforms specifically, as I shall demonstrate; by every State plat­ This proposition carried into law will involve a trade robbery form, Populist and Democratic, in the State of Texas in six years! of Cubans for the benefit of the protected manufacturers here. and by two Congressional Democratic platforms in Texas, upon Now, let me state a proposition to an honest Democrat, who is ofle of which I ran and the other JoHN GARNER ran. The plat­ willing to face it. Do you oppose protection here? '' Oh, yes.'' form upon which I ran contained the following provisions: But you are willing to vote it onto the Cubans so that the fellow (2) We are opposed to trusts and monopolies which restrict competition, that is protected here will be benefited there. Now, come right increase prices, depress wages, and rob the consumers of the country. We up square to the lick log like an honest man and face the ques­ favor a tariff for revenue only, sufficient to meet the needs of Government, honestly and economicaJly administered, and so levied as not to discriminate tion. Does it not do that? How can you benefit the manufacturer against sections, but to equalize the burdens of taxation. that wants the Cuban market except by adopting the Republican (3) We denounce both the doctrine of free raw materials and Republican theory of trade restrictions, compel a preferential tariff to be reciprocity as tending to free trade South and West and a protected North and East, making unequal the burdens of taxation and increasing the wealth enacted by the Cubans, barring off competition, increasing the of the last two sections and decreasing the wealth of the first two. price there so that the manufacturers in America can reap the ( 4) We assert that the trusts and Republican reciprocity are twin children benefit. A Democrat! Shades of Thomas Jefferson! Can a of excessive protection to the manufacturing industriea. The one enables them to rob the home markets, and the other provides for them increased Democrat support that policy? Voting to force protection on foreign markets at the expense of the farmer, fruit raiser, and stockman, another people to benefit the existing protectionists here, and while the robbery of the home market continues. then claiming that it is a g1·eat inroad on the protective theory! Here is the platform of 1892, upon which one of the greatest It may be, but, mark .my words, if it is adhered to you will never Democrats ever produced was overwhelmingly elected President have a Democrat victory because of it while we live. of the United States-Grover Gleveland. Now, I admit that no man ought to vote against this measure We denounce the sham reciprocity which juggles with the people's desire simply because it will help the Republican party. Far from that. for enlarged foreign markets and freer exchanges by pretending to establish He is to vote for the benefit of this country and in accordance closer tl·ade relations for a country whose articles of export are almost exclu­ sively agricultural products with other countries that are also agricultural. with its principles, and if he is an honest man he will But this is not only a trust measure with reference to the Cuban; it is a Will any living man deny that Cuban exports are practically trust measure with reference to us. It is a trust measure both all agricultural? Will any living man deny that the exports of ways. Why do I say that? Not only grab the Cuban market and the United States are almost wholly agricultural? Then the lan­ force up a protective wall there for the protected industries here, guage is too plain for dispute, and that platform says that that but you get a reduction of the Cuban tariff on raw sugar for the reciprocity is a" sham," a snare, a fraud that proposes to estab­ benefit of the sugar trust, and no man on either side, whatever lish closer trade relations between two such count1ies as Cuba and his politics, has dared to assert that that is not so. the United States. Can a Democrat answer this? Let us hear The contention of these Democrats, in which I thoroughly agree, himh·y. is that a differential amendment ought to have been put on this Turn to the platform of 1896, upon which was nominated the bill, so that the price of this reduction might not have been stopped greatest living orator in the world's history, a man whose heart in the till of the American sugar trust, but should go on into the beats closer in touch with the great common people than that of pockets of the American consumer. Now, if we are right in that any man since the days of Thomas Jefferson-William Jennings position, if we are not playing politics and trying to do some­ Bryan. Let us see what that platform says: thing without knowing how, if we are in earnest and believe that We hold that the tariff duties should be levied for pm'J)Oses of revenue, such duties to be so adjusted as to opemte equally throughout the country unless the tariff amendment was put on the sugar trust will and not discriminate between class or section and that taxation shoula get the advantage of it, how can an honest Democrat vote for the be limited by the needs of the Government honestly and economically bill unamended? administered. Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. Will the gentleman allow me an That states our fundamental principle upon tariff to-day, and interruption? 1903. CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE. 345

The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Texas yield to which has been aptly called "the handmaiden of protection." The Demo· cratic view ha.s always been that tariffs should be laid fairly and equitably the gentleman from Indiana? to raise revenue for the support of the Government. It is as much a perver­ Mr. BURGESS. I hope the gentleman will not interrupt me; sion of the taxing power to use it as a means to dicker and barter with other my time is limited and I want to get in all that I can. However, countries as it is to use it to protect favored industries against foreign com­ petition. Tariffs should be framed for revenue and should be applied to all I will yield to the gentleman-he is always so kind to others. n~.tions alike, enabling them to trade with us upon terms of equality. Instead Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. I hope the gentleman will have of "peace, amity, and commerce with all nations, entangling alliances with some confidence that the Senate will put on that amendment. none," we will enter upon a policy provocative of jealousies, dissensions, re­ priEals, and retaliation by foreign powers toward this country, and in the Mr. BURGESS. Oh, Mr. Chairman, if I put my confidence in vortex tariff reform and tariff for revenue will be lost sight of, to be sup­ the fact that the differential amendment is to be put on in the planted by unscientific, unfair, and unequal tariff schedules. Reciprocity Senate, for God's sake have me arrested and tried for lunacy! trade relations will necessarily result in a struggle here upon the part of powerful industries to obtain trade concessions abroad at the expense of [Laughter.] In the light of the record made by the Republican other industries which are less powerful at court, and in such a contest the crowd over at the other end of the Capitol at the last session of powerful interests will be supreme and the weaker "go to the wall." As Congress I would be a consummate fool to suppose that they tersely stated by a distinguished Member of Congress, 'Free trade for the would attempt to amend a hill with that sort of an amendment farmer, protection for the trusts." when they would not vot-e for a bill over there that had it in. Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman, I omitted to ask unani· No, sir; we have got to face the country upon the square propo­ mous consent to extend my remarks at the conclusion of my sition p1·esented in this bill, which is a robbery of the .American speech. I now ask unanimous consent to elaborate my remarks sugar consumer in the interest of the sugar trust. The proposi­ along the lines upon which I spoke. tion now is that when that amendment has been defeated we The CHAIRl\fAN. The gentleman from Ohio asks unanimous should vote for the robbery. I will not do it. I will not have consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD. Is there objection? that record, to a dead moral certainty. I will say I voted against There was no objection. the robbery. It was a robbery; it was a trust measure; we could Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, I would like to not amend it and I would not support it, and if you can explain amend the request of the gentleman from Ohio by asking tmani· as well as I can, all right. There is no objection. This is an at­ mous consent that all gentlemen who have spoken or shall speak tack on nobody. It is a defense of my position, and while I feel on this mea-sure be allowed to extend their remarks in the RECORD. lonesome I would rather be right and in the minority always than Mr. PAYNE. I suppose that would have to be done in the to be truckling and surrendering my convictions and my con­ House. science and my liberty and independence for any sort of office on The CHAIRMAN. That request is not one that is ordinarily earth and never to know whether I was right or not. granted in the Committee of the Whole, but in the House. But I must hurry. This bill is not only an outrage, as I see it, Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. Very well; I will withdraw it to every Democratic fundamental principle with reference to our and make it in the House. internal taxation policy, but it is a greater outrage, if possible, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman fi-om Massachusetts is recog· upon a great Democratic foreign policy. What is the Democratic nized for twenty-five minutes. foreign policy? What is the policy of the Democratic party, time­ Mr. GILLETT of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman, I understand honored from the days of Washington and Jefferson, with refer­ that a great majority of both parties favor this bill and I have ence to foreign nations? Treat all alike! The only great party no doubt that it will pass by practically a unanimous vote, and that ever existed in this country that could raise a flag with one one of the earliest lessons I learned at the law was not to argue a inscription that covered fundamentally all its doctrines, foreign case when you found that the court or the jury was on your side. and domestic, is the Democratic party, and the inscription is, Indeed, they have a tradition at the bar of my county, although "Equal rights to all and special privileges to none," whether at very possibly the same story is told at the bar of every other home or across the sea, whether in Cuba or in Texas, whether in county in the United States, of a lawyer who had not learned that England or in Spain, whether upon taxation, commerce, coinage, fundamental rule, and when he rose to address the supreme court or what not-equal rights to all and special privileges to none is in response to a lawyer on the other side it was suggested to him the soul of the Democratic system; and if you enter into this by the chief justice, "Mr. Jones, the court is with you." But dangerous, rock-strewn, shoal-marked pathway of reciprocity Mr. Jones did not take the hint and harangued the wearied but treaties, provoking retaliatory duties, provoking jealousies and patient court for an hour. When he sat down the chief justice, enmities among the nations of the earth, you may look for a com­ with the same politeness, remarked: "The court is still with you, mercial war, and what are the fruits of our war with Spain will Mr. Jones.'' I can only hope that this cour~ will still be with be torn fl'om us, and we will be humiliated among the nations me, although I am very sure in the House of Representatives it and our commerce destroyed. will not be expressed with the urbanity of that chief justice. I said in a speech that I made here in the Fifty-seventh Con­ Disliking to argue a question already decided, I had intended gress, dealing with this question, what I think I can not do bet­ simply to rise and ask permission to extend my remarks in the ter than say now, and for that reason I will read it: RECORD, but finding that time is abundant, I will inflict on the I am proud as an American that we are capturing the markets everywhere, House what is meant for my constituents, for the real motive, I that American invention, American labor, American skill, and American en­ terprise, the "get up and get," that policy of "get there" that Sam Jones may as well admit, which prompted me to speak on this question talks about, is making us the greatest nation in the world. Let me tell you has gone from me. I made a trip to the West Indies of a month that it is provokin~ the enmity of all the other nations. Snllenly and last spring. I thought it might be pertinent and interesting on silently there is commg a feeling in Europe that the commercial supremacy of America must be checked and their markets rescued from this horde that this bill to give some of my conclusions, but on reflection, one by have invaded them. one, I concluded it would not be wise to divulge them at this I am in favor of no policy that will give them just cause for resentment time, and therefore that motive of my remarks is gone and I am against America and throw us into a commercial war, as nearly all the wars of our country have been. I regard this as the immediate threatening dan­ simply going to state my reasons for voting for this bill, which I ger to America, and that this policy will ultimat~ly lead the European pow­ presume are very much the same as those of the great majority ers to enter into a combination to check our commercial power. Why: do I of the Members of this House. say that? I say that you have not read the history of the world right if you do not recognize the fact that most wars we have had have had commercial­ In the last Congress I listened to the statistics and logic and ism belrind them. arguments which were marshalled with such profusion on both Now, let us see how this foreign policy of reciprocity works. We have sides of the question whether this bill endangered the beet-sugar had members of the Republican and Democratic party with one glad acclaim hailing the wisdom and statesmanlike policy indorsed by Cleveland and industry, and although my opinion vacillated it finally settled McKinley ()f the open-door policy in the Orient. It is a very good policy in down to the conviction that the treaty would not seriously men· China. Why is it not equally fair when applied to Cuba? Will not Europe ace any large .American industry. think we are discriminating against their trade in a country foreign to ours as well as theirs? If it did, that would to my mind, in most cases, be a conclusive Can they not justly say, "You miserable traners in revenue, you talk about argument against the treaty. A nation does not exist for altru­ what you have done for Cuba, you prate about your j)atriotism. You took istic purposes. It must always be honorable and just. It may by war the gem of the ocean from Spain and pretended that you did it in the interest of freedom. You have hedged that about with Platt amendments; occasionally be generous, but the interest of its own citizens you have coerced them into tariff discrimination against all of us to their in­ should ordinarily be its controlling motive and rule of action. A Jury and to your benefit, and yet you ask us to join with you in maintaining nation is formed for self-protection and advancement, and if it an open-door policy of trade in the great markets of the Orient. "Why should we not join in coercing the counb·ies of the Orient into clos­ endeavors to act systematically on nobler and unselfish princi~ ing this open door against American manufacturers and leave it open only to pies I think it will fall into hypocrisy and decay. To keep a high us? Why should we not retaliate on account of your miserable Cuban policy? standard of honor and to do justice to all is the most we can ex· If you do this with one independent American republic, w bat assurance have we that you will not at the first opportunity take similar action with the pect of any nation, and the least we should demand of our own. other South American republics under the wing of the Monroe doctrine? And so the advisability of a treaty should generally be determined Why should we not unite in barring American product-a wherever possible by its probable effect on our own interests. in any of the world's markets? If you call on this c6m.mercial war, why But Cuba by its location has so directly affected the United should we not fight for our trade?' My able colleague, Hon. S. B. CooPER, in his minority report States that it was hardly altruistic for us to interfere in its con .. against this bill, aptly says, and I close with his words: cerns. We felt so closely the suffering and deva-station there Sixth. It inaugurates the policy of reciprocity, which, as now advocated that our intervention on her behalf seemed to the majority in.. by the Republican party, is as undemocratic as a tariff for protection, and stinctive and imperative rather than generous. .346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NovEl\rBER 18,

As a result of that intervention and the resulting treaty we can to whom nature has been most lavish that have been most pros­ never again treat her like the rest of the world-can not look on perous. Apparently it is true of nations as of individuals that the her, in the familiar language of the Declaration of Independence, necessity for work produces strength and happiness. Contra­ "as enemies in war; in peace, friends." Her destiny and policy dictory and illogical as it seems, a nation's wealth can almost be is linked with ours; her prosperity and progress are our duty a.s measured by its needs; the more its people require for content­ well as our advantage, and as she is practically under our protec­ ment the more they have to produce and the more there is of labor tion it is to our interest that she increase in power of self-defense. and capital and prosperity. Idleness and a low standard of living And so I think matters of trade with her are not to be considered, is healthful for neither men nor nations, and the competition of as with other countries, solely and singly with an eye to our di­ even such a luxuriant and salubrious garden as Cuba with its rect advantage, but we are to bear in mind that her interest is present modes of life and thought and industry need have no ours and that we should consider the effect on her progress as terror for us. well as on our own. She is not a part of us. I trust that she may And so I think this treaty ought to be made effective, bec:1use never become a part. it is advantageous to us, is advantageous to Cuba, and is in line And I may as well state here my belief that none of the depend­ with that permanent policy of friendliness and intimacy to which encies acquired in the past few years should ever be States or par­ we-:bound ourselves when she first became a nation, and we are ticipate in the government of the United States. We are at pres­ fortunate to find that duty and self-interest both draw us in the ent re ponsible for them, and their education and improvement same direction. (Applause.] must be our care, but I think it should be well settled in the mind Mr. JONES of Washington. Mr. Chairman, my mail brings of the American people and well understood by them that they proto.st after protest against the passage of this bill, and in my are not to develop into States. They differ from us in '' language, judgment the objections to it are more cogent and powerful than institutions, and laws;" they differ in religion and race and tem­ they were against the measure against which my vote was cast perament, and, above all, in that hereditary self-restraint and ap­ last Congress. But after that measure had been discussed in this preciation of the difficulties of self-government which we have House for many days, and after it had been discussed fully and acquired only from the struggle and growth of a thousand years, thoroughly throughout the country, the delegates of the Repub­ and which is already so diluted by immigration that we some­ lican party from my State met in convention, and because of their times question whether it is strong enough to preserve what it confidence in the integrity, sincerity, honesty, and patriotism of has won. our President they adopted this plank in our platform: It was because I did not· believe that a nation should be altru­ We indorse the foreign and domestic policy of President Roosevelt and istic that I was opposed to our original acqUisition of the Philip­ instruct our delegation in Congress to support the same. pines, thinking that, although it was doubtless advantageous for That platform was approved by 25,000 majority, and as repre­ them, it would be a burden to us. And it is because I still be- senting the expressed will and desire of a great constituency, and - lieve that we should not be altruistic that I think the goal to be not my own individual views, I have voted for the rule for the held up before their ambition and hope should be some such consideration of this measure, and my vote shall be cast for the independence as Cuba has, and not statehood. No territory out­ bill itself. I yield back the balance of my time. side of this continent should ever become one of the United States. Mr. SHAFROTH. Mr. Chairman, I am wellaware, as is every­ But magnanimity is often the truest national wisdom, and I think one -in this Chamber, that this measure is to be pas ed ~lmost in dealing with Cuba that policy is especially imperative. For unanimously, and yet I do not feel that I ca~ properly represent defense against foreign enemies she trusts solely to us. She has my State without rising to protest against the passage of the same. no navy and her army is for domestic use. She has given us two This legislation, in my judgment, is fraught with great mischief of her finest harbors to fortify for ourselves, and her foreign pol­ to an industry full of promise to the American farmer! which is icy is in our hands. Our relations must necessarily be intimate, infant in character, and yet which has been progressing by leaps and to strengthen and cultivate that intimacy our trade relations, and bounds in my section of the country. too, ought to be close. And that, I believe, is ultimately to our This measure is both un-Rep_ublican and un-Democratic. It commercial and industrial advantage also. is un-Republican because it encourages a foreign industry, and I went through the island from end to end last spring over the to that extent it discourages a home industry. Gentlemen may new railroad, inspecting our two harbors and examining as thor­ say that with this 20 per cent reduction the factories will not oughly as I could the capacity of the island and of the people. It close. They may not. But I want to tell you that it discourages seems to me beyond question that there is a great field for the them notwithstanding. It has already discouraged that industry. products of our factories. Indeed, it seems an ideal opportunity In the Congressional district which I represent we have now six for the application of the principle of reciprocity. That prinCiple sugar-beet factories, representing a capital of $6,000,000; and if has little application between nations or provinces where prod- this legislation had not been proposed last Congress we would by . ucts compete. Between Massachusetts and Connecticut, for in­ this time have had ten factories in that district. The plans of stance, two States where soil and climate and industries are alike, construction were drawn and contt:acts with the farmers to raise there would be no possibility of profitable reciprocity; there must the beets were entered into for four more factories, but because · either be free trade or mutual protection. But Cuba's chief of the uncertainty of foreign competition arising from the intro­ products, sugar and tobacco, are not produced in the United duction of a similar bill-to this two years ago it has beenimpo si­ States in quantities sufficient for our own consumption. We bletogetcapital tomaketheventure. Capital was willing, ready, must import them. Our manufactures, on the other hand, are not and anxious to undertake these four factories as well as the three rivaled at all in Cuba; she must import them. And so there is that have been constrncted in the last year. Has not the measure the most obvious and natural field for reciprocal trade which already been discouraging to the home industry? shall profit both-not at the expense of either, but at the expense Is it possible that it is to the interest of this nation that we . of other nations. And when we add to this commercial profit should encourage capital which is ready to go into the sugar busi­ of reciprocity the further resulting advantages of mutual de­ ness in our own country to seek investments in sugar lands in pendence and intercourse, and consider how urgent it is that Cuba? Can anyone say that such effect is not discouraging to this young Republic at our gates should prosper, and should de­ our home industry? Already more than $25,000,000 of American velop feelings of fiiendship and reliance and intimacy with us, it capital has been invested in sugar lands in Cuba-enough to erect seems to me the argument for reciprocity is irresistible. It is twenty-five large sugar-beet factories in our own land. If this advantageous for us commercially, it helps Cuba in her upward bill passes it is likely that 6100,000,000 of American capital will pathway, and it binds firmly those natural relations of friendship leave OID' shores and find investment in Cuban sugar enterprises. and dependence which it is so desirable she should always pre­ Is not such legislation which drives capital from a home to a for­ serve and strengthen. eign industry detrimental to the home enterprise? I was surprised and gratified to find how much of the impulse Is it possible that anybody Icarenotwhathemay believe on the which our regime there gave the Gubans had been held by them. tariff question, can sanction the picking out for sacrifice or impair­ Their cities are still clean and well policed, can put to shame ment from all the protected industries the one which is of so much many an American city, and they seem to take pride in the cred­ promise to the farmer, especially when we know that the farmer itable appearance of State institutions. The people themselves receives very little direct benefit from the Dingley Act? Is it right show an alertness and regard for appearances which I was not at to sacrifice or discourage the infant nonmonopolistic beet-sugar in­ all prepared for. Their prosperity, their modes of thought and dustry and leave highly protected so many old monopolistic en- controlling ambitions, it was impossible for a stranger to their terprises? Can it be that such a measure is Republican? language even to guess at. Their general mode of life was the Mr. Chairman, it is not a Democratic measure. The Demo­ most discouraging feature, but I suppose it is not fair for one cratic party does not believe in reducing the tariff unless our own from a cold climate to draw inferences from the simple modes people get the benefit of the reduction. Their whole theory is and habits of the Tropics. The very fact that nature furnishes based upon the result of lower prices to the consumer. There can everything necessary for existence, almost without labor, discour­ be no que tion that the American people, on account of the reduc­ ages effort. To this. I suppose, is largely due the success of tion of this duty, will not get one particle of benefit from it in northern people competing with the Tropics. It is not the nations reduced prices of refined sugar. The effect of a reciprocity treaty 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 347

with any nation that furnishes less than the entire quantity of I particle of wheat that she consumes. Wheat has an international sugar we consume is that the world~s market, the world's price market also, and that international market fixes the price of wheat of sugar, will control the price of sugar in this country. There for every country in the world. The Liverpool market is con­ is an international priceforsugarattheHamburgmarket. With sidered the world's market for wheat. We being export.ers, the that price fixed, the Hamburg price controls the price of sugar price in this country is fixed by that market. We can not sell here, in Cuba, and in every other country. The price of sugar in wheat in this country higher than there, because we have a sur­ every importing country is the Hamburg price p\us freight and plus, and no one would sell to Liverpool if it did not pay them duty. The price in every exporting country is the Hamburg price better than selling at home. Inasmuch as it is a saving to send less freight and duty. The only modification of thisruleiswhere wheat directly from this country to Cuba instead of shipping it something can be saved in freights by shipment direct to the first to Liverpool and then to Cuba, it is more profitable to Cuba importing country. As Cuba does not produce enough sugar to to buy directly from us. It would also be more profitable for supply the import demand of the United States, it is necessary Cuba to buy wheat from us even if she raised or lowered her duty ·for us to buy a large quantity in the Hamburg market. As on wheat, unless she discriminated by a lower duty to some other sugars of the same grade at New York can not sell at different wheat-raising country. In view of what we have done for Cuba prices and as the Cuban crops are not a sufficient supply to pull it is hardly within the range of possibility that she should even down the Hamburg price, the world's price plus freight and duty consider such a policy. But even if she did it would not affect controls the New York market, which makes Cuban sugar sell the international price which controlsom·market. It would sim­ for that price even if we were to admit her sugar free of duty. ply displace that much wheat in the world's market, and conse- Mr. Chairman, there is another reason why this billisun-Demo- quently there would be a demand in the world's market for the cratic. The poor people of Cuba will not get. the benefit of the exact quantity of wheat displaced. Therefore the worlds price reduced duty, but the planter~ in Cuba and the sugar trust of the of wheat, which fixes the price of that commodity in our country, United States will. can not be affected by any legislation on the part of Cuba. · I concede that Cuba will get some benefit. I do not take the . Mr. Chairman, this legislation started upon the theory that proposition as true that the American Sugar Refining Company Cuba was poor. Nobody seemed to put it upon the ground of will get all of it, but it will get the lion's share. I believe that any ec()nomic principle. It was on the ground that Cub3. was because, inasmuch as it has a monopoly of the sugar market in poor; that her people were in distress; and to such extremes were this country, it can dictate to the Cuban producer within certain the publications at that time carried that it is amusing now to limit3 at what price he can sell. The American Sugar Refining read some of them. I want to call attention to just one which ap­ Company, commonly called the "sugar trust/' and the Cuban peared in the New York Herald, a conservative paper; two years sugar grower are in the relation of buyer and seller, the seller ago, or neayly so-on February 9, 1902. I refer to the headlines tryipg to get all he can and the buyer trying to buy as cheap as of this article. They were: it can. The company ha.s the advantage, because it ha.s immense Anarchy or annexation-One or the other is bound to result from further . capital and a monopoly in refining produced by the tariff law, delay in granting relief to Cuba-While Congress potters and procrastinates which compels the exporter to pay less duty on raw than on the Cuban people starve. refined sugar. Therefore, no refined sugar to speak of comes · Think o.f head~ine~ such as th~e appearing in a respectab~e • . from foreign countries to our market, and that compels the Cuban pal?er, trY;Ing to mduce the ~ncan people to come to.Cub.a s producer to sell to the sugar trust. It has the additional ad- relief, trymg to force the .A.mencan Congress to enact legiSlation . vantage of being able to buy at all times from the world's mar- f?r ~~ose_ people. It starts out by ~ying "a~arc~y or am:exa­ ket. On the other hand, the Cuban sugar grower, by reason of !Jon, .an~ that the people are starvmg, when m J?Omt of-fac~. the proximity and freight savings, must sell to America instead of to mv~stigat10~ before. the Ways and Mean~ Committee two yea!~ HambiD·g. That situation leaves Cuba no market but .A.m_erica ago sb.owe~ conclusively that the wages m that for her sugar. The planters are not as able to wait as the sugar per cent higher than they were. under _the Spamsh re~e, and trust, hence the disadvantage. The negotiations between ~uyer th.at. every man, no ~tter who; could .~nd employment if he was and seller usually result in some division of the margin. The willing to work. I WlSh to call. at~ention to the recent report of planter will be lucky indeed if he can get one-half of the profit our consul-general to Cuba, which IS as follows: produced by the reduction of duty. I therefore contend that the The labor supply of the island, as hereinbefore indicated, is insufficient, so sugar trust will get at least half of the benefit of this law. far as farm laborers are concerned. · th t? W d · th d ty 20 t Wages paid in the principal occupations were the subject of a dispatch N ow, h owmuc h 18 a· earere ucmg e u perc~n renderedbymeJuly41903,anextractfromwhichgivesthefollowing. The on raw sugar, and that will ammmt to between eight and ten mil- amounts are expressed in terms of Spanish gold and are for a day of ten .lion dollars a year. Willett & Gray's publication says that there hours: is on the market this year 975,000 tons. It is estimated that the ~~~~::~====~~====~~==~~~~====~===:::::::::=:=:::::=:::::=:::::: ~:~ ~ ~:~ crop next year will be 1,250,000 tons. The 20 per cent reduction Laborers------·------1.25 of duty will therefore amount to a loss in revenue to our Govern- Masons------·------·-- 2.00 to 2.50 ment, in the five years' period of this treaty, of between forty and Mechanics------·------2.00 to 3. oo fifty millions of dollars, one-half of which will go to foreign plant- Painters ------·-----·------2. 00 ers and the other half to an American monopoly. Can any Mem- ~~~kers:::::::::::::::::::::::::=~~::::::=::::~:::=:::::::::::: i:~ ~ ~:88 ber on this side of the House say that a measure which produces Tinsmiths------l.OOto 1.50 such results is Democratic? It is identically the same as if that , In addition thereto I add wages _paid on plantations. The amounts given are the rates per month, and include maintenance: . duty were paid into the TreasiD·y of the United States and Con­ Cartmen plowmen, and field guards ______goo gress should appropriate it directly, one-half to the sugar pro­ Cane cutters and cane loaders------______------"------·----- 25 ducers of Cuba and one-half to the American Sugar Refining Cane lifters ___ ----_--- ______----_--·-- ______-----______23 Company. That will be the result of the legislation; indirectly, Teamsters _------______------______15 it is true, by not paying the duty in the first instance, but directly F. STEI:r.TffART, Consul-Genet·al. in that it reduces that much the revenues of the United States HABANA, August f3, 1903. and divides the same between the Cuban planters and the sugar Can anyone, from an examination of those wages, say that the tl·ust. people of Cuba are in distress? Nay, more, the Cuban Govern­ What would we think of a bill brought in here to give eight or ment is better off to-aay than any government on the face of the ten million dollars each year, four millions of it to the Cuban globe. She has in her treasury a surplus of $4,000,000 and does producers, according to a certificate that they had raised so many not owe a single dollar. There is no.other nation but has ana­ pounds of sugar, and four millons to the American Sugar Refining tional debt. Company? Why. if the bill were placed in that form there would Mr. Chairman, two years ago we had an indastrial war in oiD· not be a single man in this House, be he Democrat or Republican, State on this sugar question. It was the effort of Mr. Havemeyer who would vote for the same, and yet that is exactly the effect of at that time to crush the beet-sugar industry. We produced this bill. enough sugar in Colorado to supply our demand, and had a sur­ Now, is there any compensatory benefit given by this treaty to plus which it was necessary for us to market at the Missouri us? We get a reduction of duties on our exports into their coun­ River points, Kansas City, St. Joe, and Omaha. The beet-sugar try, but when we examine their tariff schedule we find that we people made contracts for future delivery for the sale of their sugar can not get much benefit from their reduction. Why? They have at $5.25 a hundred, with a guarantee that the Havemeyer sugar in Cuba nothing but a duty on an average of 23 per cent. It is a would not sell at a less price. One morning, without any notice revenue duty. It is not enacted for the purpose of protecting whatever, we found"that cane sugar was selling in that market .any industry-it is purely a revenue tariff-and when we get at $3.50 a hundred. Such a cut, I believe, wa.s never before the reduction which this treaty accords it will amount to very known in the history of the sugar market. little. When we take into consideration that the raw sugar imported But gentlemen say that we will get great benefit from the reduc­ from Cuba or anywhere else in the New York market that very tion of the duty on wheat. It will not be one penny s benefit to day was selling for $3.75 a hundred, you can realize that the war the wheat raiser, for the reason that we now ell to Cuba every was a war of extermination. It aroused the people in my srction 348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NOVEl\IBER 18,

of the country as they never had been arouse.d before in an in­ The sixth article reads as follows: dustrial fight. It was at that time that people signed agreements· VI. that they would not buy one particle of cane sugar raised iD. any That the Isle of Pines shall be omitted from the proposed constitutional foreign port. The grocers of the State, and particularly of Den­ boundaries of Cuba, the title thereto being left to future adjustment by ver, organized, and said that no matter at what price it was treaty. offered to them they would not take the trust sugar. That evi­ That simply means that we will pay a big price for the Isle of dently was a war made for the purpose of exterminating the beet­ Pines fo1· a naval station. sugar industry. It did not exterminate it, and why? There were The seventh article is as follows: some beet-sugar people that happened to have some money, and VII. finding that the raw sugar was being sold in New York City at · That to enable the United States to mainta-in the indepandence of Cuba and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, the Govern~ $3.75 per hundred, and that the offer was made away out in Kansas ment of Cuba will sell or lease to the United Statoo lands necessary for coal­ City to sell refined sugar at $3.50 a hundred, they concluded they ing or naval stations at certain specified point'l, to ba agreed upon with the would buy all that was on the market, and so they did. When President of the United States. the trust found that it was losing 25 cents a hundred in addition Is it not greatly to the advantage of Cuba that she should sell to the charges of refining and the cost of shipment to Kansas City, to us lands for coaling or naval stations? That very provision is it concluded that it could not maintain the cut. worth millions of dollars each year to Cuba, because it relieves Now, I have no doubt this legislation was started two years ago that Government of the necessity of building and maintaining a by publications that emanated from the American Sugar Refining navy of its own and guarantees that our Navy will be used against Company. It sought to obliterate, to exterminate that industry. any nation that seeks to annex her territory. The effort was made in these Missouri River Valley towns. The The last provision is as follows: people in the West, with a unanimity that knew no party, arose. VIII. There was not a convention in my State that indorsed Cuban That by way of further assurance the Government of Cuba will embody reciprocity. The Democratic State convention condemned it in the foregmg provisions in a permanent treaty with the United States. severe terms; therewasnot one dissenting voice. Idonotbelieve Is there one syllable contained in any of these provisions but you can find within the confines of my State a single man who what is directly for the benefit of Cuba and which we would be would vote in favor of Cuban reciprocity. glad to accept if we were Cubans? President Palma has in his l\Ir. Chairman, it seems to me that when we take into consid­ message to the Cuban Congress referred to the vast benefits aris­ eration that this is a loss to the revenues of our Government of ing to Cuba by reason of the Platt amendments. from forty to fifty millions of dollars in the five years' period of And yet gentlemen in this Congress have the effrontery to assert this treaty; when we take into consideration that it has a tendency that we are under moral obligations to Cuba for adopting pro­ at least to discourage, even if it does not exterminate, a home in­ visions which are directly of benefit to her and which involve the dustry; and that it will take the capital which naturally would expenditure of large sums by us. go into the sugar business in this country and send it into a for­ Where are you going to stop with relation to this so-called obli­ eign nation, no man, I care not on which side of the Chamber gation? One man will say that we owe Cuba a reduction of 10 • he sits, ought to sanction any such mea.sure. per cent. Another man will say that we owe her a reduction of The theory that we are under obligations to Cuba I can not 50 per cent. Is it susceptible of measurement? We find, how­ concur in. I do not believe that there is any obligation. In fact, ever, that the very instr.:unent upon which they predicate the the obligation to my mind is a hundredfold, a thousandfold more obligation has nothing in it to the effect that we are under obli­ upon their side. I hold in my hand the Platt amendments that gation to them. We find that not a single one of these provisions have been referred to so frequently as creating our obligation. is for the benefit of anybody except the Cubans themselves. I I will read them. Article I is as follows: can not cenceive how, after this nation has spent $250,000:000 in I. giving them liberty, and has made a treaty with Spain striking That the Government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other out a bonded indebtedness upon the island of $330,000,000, mak­ compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to ing a total expenditure and a total relief to them of $580,000,000, impair the independence of Cubat nor in any manner authorize or permit any or more than $400 to each man, woman, and child in the island, foreign power or powers to obtam by colonization or for military or naval purposes or otherwise lodgment in or control over any portion of said island. I can not conceive how any obligation can exist upon this Gov­ Is not that article directly to their interest; does ·any Cuban ernment to do more. want to impair the independence of his country? They have the Nay, we have had distress in our own land. We have seen right under that article to enter into any commerdal treaty they the time when corn sold in Kansas for 9 cents a bushel. Yet we may desire, even if it should discriminate against us. did not find the people of Kansas coming here and saying that we Article II is as follows: must give them something in order to relieve them of their dis­ II. tress. We found the South for a time selling its cotton for 4t cents per pound. Yet we did not find the Representatives of That said Government shall not assume or contract any public debt to pay the interest upon which and to make r easonable sinking-fund provision for Southern States coming to Congress and insisting that they must the ultimate discharge of which th~ ordinary revenues of the island, after have some relief, saying," Our people have been raising cotton at defraying the current expenses of Government, shall be inadequate. a greater expense than they can sell it for and therefore you must A similar provision is contained in the constitution of almost give us some relief." We did not hear any such thing. You can every State in the Union, and has been found to be an excellent search the files of the House of Representatives and the Senate safeguard against extravagant appropriations of money. and I venture you will not find one bill that was introduced for The third article is as follows: the relief of our own children-not our wards, but our children­ m. when they were raising cotton at a greater cost than they could That the Government of Cuba consents that the United States may exer­ realize for "it, and when corn was being sold in the market at a cise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the lower price than it could be raised for in Kansas. maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, Nay, more, we have had an example even in the State of Colo­ and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligatioDB with respect to Cuba imposed by the treatv of Paris on the United States, now to be as­ rado. When the panic of 1893 came the price of silver fell to a sumed and undertaken by the Government of Cuba. point that was unparalleled. That closed down a great many Is it t>ossible that any State, if it were not in the Union, would mines in the State of Colorado. Ten thousand miners left the not want our Government to intervene to preserve its independ­ State. At that time it was the principal industry of Colorado ence if anarchy or other disintegrating causes should prevail? and the value of the real estate of our State was dependent upon Article IV is as follows: the same. That fall in the price of silver made real estate almost IV. immediately tumble in price, yet we did not find that there was That all acts of the United States in Cuba during its military occupancy any relief bill introduced, nor did we find that there was any agita­ thereof are ratified and validated. and all lawful rights acquired thereunder tion of the idea that the mine owners who were compelled to close shall be maintained and protected. their mines and those who continued to operate them at a slight Could Cuba do otherwise than ratify the acts of the nation loss or the owners of lands and real estate should be reimbursed which gave her people liberty and independence? by the National Government. We did not find any propo ition Article Vis as follows: of that kind, although that loss occurred by reason of legislation v. upon the part of our own National Government; although it was That the Government of Cuba will execute, and as far as necessary extend, the direct result of the repeal of the pm·chasing clause of the the plans already devised or other plans to be mutually agreed upon for the Sherman Act. We did not treat our own children that way, as Eanita tion of the cities of the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be prevented, thereby assm·ing protection to the we are now treating Cuba. Our own people have a right to ap­ people and commerce of Cuba, as well as to the commerce of the southern peal to us, yet we do not find them doing so; but when it comes ports of the United States and the people residing therein. to Cuba, a so-called ward only, it i3 said that we must give her Is it not to the interest of Cuba that her cities should be kept advantages even at the cost of an injury to a growing, promising in sanitary condition? Is it not her people whose lives are to be industry of our own country. preserved by such a provision? If we owe anything to Cuba, pay it out of the general Treasury, 1~03 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 349 but don't pay it by crippling or discouraging one home infant PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. industry that is struggling with all its might to become strong Under clause 3 of Rule XXTI, bills, resolutions, and memorials and great. of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as ..According to the report of our consul-general in Cuba, sugar follows: in that island can be produced by modern machinery as low as ll By Mr. CLAYTON: A bill (H. R. 4059) to repeal an act toes­ cents per pound, and on the average, by modern machinery, is now tablish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United being produced there at a cost of 1-i cents per pound. Beware of States, approved J u1y 1, 1898-to the Committee on the Judiciary. compelling the one industry of most benefit to our farmers to Also, a bill (H. R. 4060) to provide an emergency circulation compete with the low prices of tropical countries, which will be ftmd, and for other purposes-to the Committee on Banking and made still lower by the further employment of Chinese labor. Cunency. That same consul-general asserts that Cuba is capable of raising Also, a bill (H. R. 4061) granting certain lands belonging to 6,000,000 tons of sugar a year-more than twice the entire con­ the United States and situated in the State of Alabama to the sumption of the United States. With no restriction against State of Alabama for the use and benefit of the common schools of Asiatic labor in Cuba, and with an unlimited capacity for pro­ that State-to the Committee on the Public Lands. duction of sugar, who can say that this legislation is not diabolical Also, a bill (H. R. 4062) to authorize the Brunswick and Bir­ in its tendency? mingham Railroad Company, a corporation, to construct and op­ Mr. Chairman, I regret that we can do nothing but protest. erate a bridge across the Chattahoochee River at or near the city But I want to say to you, gentlemen, that it is not right, it is not of Eufaula, Ala.-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign fair, it is not just. It is not fair to that industry that promises Commerce. in ten years to supply all the sugar we will need in this country. By Mr. HITT: A bill (H. R. 4063) to limit the meaning of the [Loud applause on the Democratic side.] word " conspiracy " and the use of "restraining orders and in­ Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee do junctions" in certain cases-to the Committee on the Judiciary. now rise. Also a bill (H. R . 4064) limiting the hours of daily service of The motion was agreed to. laborei!s and mechanics employed upon work done for the United The committee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having re­ States or any Territory, or for the District ofyolumbia, and for sumed the chair, Mr. SHERMAN, Chairman of the Committee of other purposes-to the Committee on Labor. the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that By Mr. CLAJ:t~: A bill (H. R. 4065) providing for the ~rection committee had had under consideration the bill H. R. 1921 and of a public building at St. Charles, Mo.-to the Comnnttee on had come to no resolution thereon. Public Buildings and Grounds. NAVAL TRADITXG STATION ON THE GREAT LAKES. By Mr. WARNOCK: A bill (H. R. ~66) to ame;nd sec~on . 3 of an act entitled "An act grantmg pensiOns to soldiers ana sail­ The SPEAKER. If there be no objection, the following request ors who are incapacitated. for the performance of manual labor, will be agreed to. and for providing for pensions to widows, minor children, a..nd The Clerk read as follows: dependent parents,'' approved. June 27, 1890-to the Committee on The order to print on the following document, "A letter fr~m the Secre­ Invalid Pensions. tary of the Navy, transmitting, with a favora?le recommendatip:f!. a cop.~ of the report of the board appointed to select a Site for a naval trammg sta.u~n By Mr. HINSHAW: A bill (H. R. 4067) to pension all soldiers on the Great Lakes," will be made to include the engraving also of certam and sailors of the civil war at the rate of $12 per month-to the accompanying maps. Committee on Invalid Pensions. The SPEAKER. That is made necessary by the law enacted, By Mr. BOWERS: A ~ill. (J?:. ~· 4068) for 3: survey of.the Pearl I believe during the last Congress, that such matters as engrav­ River in the State of MISsissippi, from and mcluding Its mouth ings and illustrations should not be printed without the order of to Mo~ticello, Miss.-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. the House. Also a bill (H. R. 4069) to establish a fish-hatching and fish­ Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I think the House ought .to have cultur~ station at a point on the Gulf on Mexico, in the State of more authoritative information on this before the order IS made. Mississippi- to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fish­ It may entail a g1·eat expense. . . eries. The SPEAKER. It is a single document. The Charr will cause By Mr. CALDWELL: A b~ (H. R . 407~) to. p~ovide for ·the a section of the ad which was passed last year to be read. purchase of a site and the erection of a publ~c buildmg t~ereo~ at The Clerk read as follows: Pana, in the State of Illinois-to the Committee on Public Build­ SEC. 3. That no part of the a:Qpropriations herei~ made for printiJ!.g and ings and Grounds. binding shall be used for any illustration, engravmg. or phot.ogra.ph m apy Also a bill (H. R. 4071) to provide for the purchase of a site document or report ordered printed by Congress unless the order to prmt expressly authorizes the same, nor in any doclpllent or reJ?Ort of any Execu­ and th~ erection of a public building thereon at Litchfield, in the tive Department or other Government establishment until the head of the State of Illinois-to the Committee _on Public Buildings and Executive Department or Governmen~ estab~ent shall certifdyin ~e let­ Grounds. ter transmitting such report that the 1llustration 18 necessary an relates en­ fu·ely to the transaction of public business. By Mr. HEPBURN: A bill (H. R. 4072) to limit the effect. of the regulations of commerce between the sevei·al States and With :Mr. PAYNE. I think it ca.n wait, Mr. Speaker, for furiJ?.erex­ foreign countries in certain cases-to the Committee on the Judi­ amination and I object. I move that the House do now adJourn. ciary. Mr. SHAFROTH. I ask the gentleman to withhold that mo­ By Mr. LITTAUER: A bill (H. R. 4073) for the erecti<:m of a tion for a moment until I ask unanimous consent to extend my public building at Ballston Springs, N. Y.-to the Comnnttee on remarks in the RECORD. Public Buildings and Grounds. . . . Mr. PAYNE. I withhold the motion for that puTpose. . By Mr. SHERMAN: A bill (H. R. 4074) constitutmg Utica, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Colorado asks unam­ N.Y., a port of delivery-to the Committee on Ways and Means. mous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD. Is there ob­ By MI-. JENKINS: A bill (H. R. 4075) to establish .the Frede!­ jection? [After a pause.] The C!Jair hears none. icksburg and Adjacent National Battlefields Memonal Park, m_ l\Ir. PAYNE. I renew my motiOn. . the State of Virginia-to the Committee on Military ~air~ . . The motion to adjourn was then agreed to; and accordingly (at By Mr. TOWNSEND: A bill (H.~· 4076) for 3: pub~c ~uilding 5 o'clock p. m.) the Honse adjourned. at Ann Al.·bor, Mich.-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION. By Mr. LUCKING: A bill (H. R. 4077) for the erection of an additional public building at Detroit, Mich.-to the Committee on Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive com­ Public Buildings and Grounds. munication was taken from the Speaker's table and referred as By Mr. McGUIRE: A bill (H. R. 4078) to enable the people of follows: f Cl · tr Oklahoma to forma constitution and State government and be ad­ A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court o . arms, ans- mitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original mitting a copy of the findings filed by the court m the cas~ of States-to the Committee on the Territories. Mary C. Mnnt, administratrix of estate of John l!· Mnnt, against By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: .A bill (H.. R. 4079) !A> e~tend the United States-to the Committee on War Clarms, and ordered additional homestead rights to soldiers and sailors serVIng m the to be printed. war with Spain, or during the military. occupancy of Cu?a, Porto Rico or the Philippines-to the Committee on the Public Lands. CHANGE OF REFERENCE. Al~o, a bill (H. R. 4080) to increase the limit

a monument on Brandywine battlefield, Chester County, Pa.-to tated· for the performance of manual labor-to the Committee on the Committee on the Library. Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4083) to erect a monument to the memory of By Mr. OVERSTREET: A bill (H. R. 4468) for the protection John Morton-to the Committee on the Library. of the President of the United States, and for other purposes-to AlBo, a bill (H. R. 4084) to.establish a national military park at the Committee on the Judiciary. the Brandywine battle ground, Pennsylvania-to the Committee By Mr. LAFEAN: A bill (H. R. 4469) to provide for the pur­ on Military Affairs. chase of a site and the erection of a public building thereon at By Mr. PEARRE: A bill (H. R. 4085) to amend an act entitled York, in the State of Pennsylvania-to the Committee on Public "An act to establish a code of law for the District of Columbia"­ Buildings and Grounds. to the Committee on the District of Columbia. By Mr. MADDOX: A bill (H. R. 4470) to revive and amend an Also, a bill (H. R. 4086) providing for the purchase by and on act to provide for the collection of abandoned property and the behalf of the United States of the right to use the Daniel process .prevention of frauds in insurrectionary districts within the United of producing engraved plates-to the Committee on Printing. States, and acts amendatory thereof-to the Committee on War AlBo, a bill (H. R. 40 7) to provide for the erection of a monu­ Claims. ment in commemoration of the services of Gen. Otho Holland Also, a bill (H. R. 4471) to provide for the purchase of a site Williams in the Revolutionary war-to the Committee on the and the erection of a public building thereon at Dalton, in the Library. State of Georgia-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Also, a bill (H. R. 4088) to amend the act of August 23, 1894, Grounds. empowering fourth-class postmasters to administer oaths to pen­ By Mr. GREENE: A bill (H. R. 4472) relating to widows' pen­ sioners-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sions-to the Committee on Invalid Pensi6ns. Also, a bill (H. R. 4089) to provide pensions for those who are Also, a bill (H. R. 4473) authorizing the Secretary of the In­ blind or so nearly blind as to require the services of an attend­ terior to increase the pension of pensioners on attaining the age ant-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of 64 years-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill {H. R. 4090) in reference to the civil service and By Mr. McLAIN: A bill (H. R. 4474) to authorize the governor appointments thereunder-to the Committee on Reform in the of the State of Mississippi to select certain lands in part satisfac­ Civil Service. tion of its grantforuniversitypurposes-to the Committee on the Also, a bill (H. R. 4091) to grant carriers and substitute carriers Public Lands. in the rural free-delivery service fifteen days' leave of absence in Also, a bill (H. R. 4475) for improvement of the Homochitto each year-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. River, in the State of Mississippi-to the Committee on Rivers By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 4092) to provide and Harbors. . for a port of delivery at Stillwater, Minn.-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 4476) for a survey of the Homochitto River, Ways and Means. in the State of Mississippi, from and including its mouth to the By Mr. PEARRE: A bill (H. R. 4093) to increase the limit of Yazoo and 1\Iississippi Valley Railroad-to the Committee on cost of public building at Hagerstown, Md.-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Public Buildings and Grounds. By Mr. HENRY of Texas: A bill (H. R. 4477) making an emer­ By Mr. CROWLEY: A bill (H. R. 4094) for the erection of a gencyappropriationof $25,000 for the purchase of earlymatnring public building at Centralia, lli.-to the Committee on Public varieties of cotton seed for distribution in certain districts of Buildings and Grounds. Texas invaded by the Mexican cotton-boll weevil-to the Com­ By Mr. HUGHES of West Virginia: A bill (H. R. 4095) pro­ mittee on Agriculture. viding for a public building at Bluefield, W. Va.-to the Com­ By Mr. KNAPP: A bill (H. R. 4478) providing for the erection mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. of a public building at Watertown, N. Y.-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 4096) to amend the act of June 9, 1894-to Public Buildings and Grounds. the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. DIXON: A bill (H. R. 4479) to provide for the erection By Mr. WADE: A bill (H. R. 4097) providing for the ~rection of a public building in the city of Missoula, Mont.-to the Com­ of a public building at Muscatine, Iowa-to the Comm1ttee on mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Public Buildings and Grounds. By Mr. PEARRE: A bill (H. R. 4480) for the extension of By Mr. KINKAID: A bill.(H. R. 4098) !-<> pr

- Also, a bill (H. R. 4117) to pay the Standard Steel Casting Com- Also, a bill (H. R. 4157) granting an increase of pension to Adam pany for one 6-inch gun ca-sting-to the Committee on Military Kohlhauff-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4158) granting an increase of pension to Silnos - Also, a bill (H. R. 4118) for the relief of the legal representa- P. Teatro-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tives of John Roach, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4159) granting a pension to James Morris- Also, a bill (H. R. 4119) granting an increase of pension to Wil- to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. • J.iam Mercer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H.R.4160) granting a pension toHudsonM. Fisher- Also, a bill (H. R. 4120) granting an increase of pension to. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Henry R. Guss-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4161) granting a pension to Sarah C. Barker- By :Mr. BARTLETT: A bill (H. R. 4121) for the relief of Mrs. to the Committee on Invalid Pemions. _lzabella R. Napier-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4162) granting a pension to Turner J. Bowl- By Mr. BIRDSALL: A bill (H. R. 4122) granting an increase ing-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. _of pension to James Mattingly-to the Committee on Invalid By Mr. CURRIER: A bill (H. R. 4163) granting an increase of Pensions. pension to Charles C. J ones_:._to the Committee on Invalid Pen- - By Mr. BOWERSOCK: A bill (H. R. 4123) granting a pension sions. to :Matilda McKimmy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DAYTON: A bill (H. R. 4164) fortherelief of Stalnaker . Also, a bill (H. R. 4124) granting a pension to Dexter A. Olds- Marteney-to the Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DICKERMAN: A bill (H. R. 4165) granting a pension Also, a bill (H. R. 4125) granting a pension to William Simp- to James Sheep-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. son-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4166) granting a pension to Algernon Light- Also, a bill (H. R. 4126) granting a pension to Martha Ann cap-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Saunders-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4167) granting a pension to Capt. Joseph Also, a bill (H. R. 4127) granting an increase of pension to Johnson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Allen A. Cameron-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4168) granting a pension toW. W. Wert- Also, a bill (H. R. 4128) granting an increase of pension to J. F. man-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. William Richter-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4169) granting a pension toT. J. Brooks-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4129) granting an increase of pension to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Isaac N. Ray-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4170) granting a pension to James W. Gib- Also, a bill (H. R. 4130) for the relief of Bryon H. Reed-to son-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. DOVENER: A bill (H. R. 4171) granting a pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4131) granting an honorable discharge to Eliza Peel-to the Committee on Pensions. Willis P. Ethridge-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4172) granting a pension to Ralph White- Also, a bill (H. R. 4132) granting an honorable discharge to head-to the Committee on Pensions. William Lowry-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also. a bill (H. R. 4173) for the relief of Jerry S. Fish-to the By Mr. BRADLEY: A bill (H. R. 4133) to correct the military Committee on Pensions. record of John O'Dunagan-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4174) authorizing additional compensation By Mr. BRANDEGEE: A bill (H. R. 4134) granting an increase to the assistant commissioners to the Industrial Exhibition at of pension to Ruth M. Lyon-to the Committee on Pensions. Melbourne, Australia-to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4135) granting an increase of pension to ByMr.DWIGHT: A bill (H.R.4175)grantinganincreaseofpen- J erome B. Snow-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sion to Alonzo Carpenter-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BRUNDIDGE: A bill (H. R. 4136) granting an increase Also, a bill (H. R. 4176) granting a pension to Phrebe Ann Tif- of pension to Caleb Arnett-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. fany ColegTOve-to the Committee on Pensions. - Also, a bill (H. R. 4137) for the relief of A. J. L. Stevens-to - Also, a bill (H. R. 4177) granting a pension to Mary E. Reid- the Committee on War Claims. Ito the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. CLAYTON: A bill (H. R. 4138) granting a pension to By Mr. EVANS: A bill (H. R. 4178) to correct the military Narcissa Tait--to the Committee on Pensions. record of Joseph M. Blair-to the Committee on Military Affairs. · Also, a bill (H. R. 4139) granting a pension to W. R. Snell- Also, a bill (H. R. 4179) granting an ipcrease of pension to grove-to the Committee on Pensions. Martha C. Kuhn-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4140) granting a pension to Georgia Ann Also, a bill (H. R. 4180) granting an increase of pension to Vaughan-to the Committee on Pensions. Joseph G. Thomas-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4141) granting a pension to Mary Shiver-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4181) granting an increase of pension to the Committee on Pensions. Asahel Walker-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4142) for the relief of A. J. Smith-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4182) granting a pension to Ann Lytle-to Committee on War Claims. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ' Also. a bill (H. R. 4143) for the relief of Jerry Andrews-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4183) granting an increase of pension to Committee on Military Affairs. John D. Bacon-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R.4144) for the relief of Mrs. L. E. Boatwright- Also, a bill (H. R. 4184) granting an increase of pension to to the Committee on War Claims. - Daniel Noonan-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ' Also, a bill (H. R. 4145) for the relief of Mrs. R. D. Smith-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4185) granting an increase of pension to John the Committee on War Claims. Boughamer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also. a bill (H. R. 4146) for the relief of the legal representa- By Mr. FLACK: A bill (H. R. 4186) granting a medal of honor tives of Abraham Lawrence, deceased-to the Committee on to Michael Finegan-to the Committee on Military Affairs. _ Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4187) granting a pension to Jason Vosburg- Also. a bill (H. R. 4147) for the relief of W. D. Caddell-to the to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R-. 4188) to cOI'rect the military record of Wil- Also a bill (H. R. 4148) for the relief of the representatives liam Beardsley-to the Committee on Military Affairs. of the' estate of Reuben Dawkins, deceased-to the Committee By Mr. FOSTER of Vermont: A bill (H. R. 4189) granting an on War Claims. increase of pension to Myron L. Fales-to the Committee on Invalid Also. a bill (H. R. 4149) to remove the charge of desertion from Pensions. the military record of Samuel J. ])laund-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 4f90) to place Lieut. Col. and Bvt. Maj. Gen. Military Affairs. Alexander Stewart Webb on the retired list of the United States By Mr. CROMER: A bill (H. R. 4150) granting a pension to Army-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Eliza B. Thompson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. _ By Mr. GOLDFOGLE: A bill (H. R. 4191) for the relief of Also, a bill (H. R. 4151) granting a pension to John W. Fo- Edward McCloud, late of Company B, Fifth New York Heavy land-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Artillery Volunteers.:_to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bili (H. R. 4152) granting an increase of pens.:.:m to By Mr. GREENE: A bill (H. R. 4192) granting an increase of George B. Hartley-to the Committee on Invalid Pension~. pension to Frederick A. Slocum-to the Committee on Invalid _ Also, a bill (H. R. 4153) to remove charge of desertion against Pensions. Joseph McFarland-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4193) granting an increase of pension to Mary , Also, a bill (H. R. 4154) to remove charge of desertion against A. Foster-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Harvey A. Hart-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4194) granting a pension to Elizabeth Nei- By Mr. CROWLEY: A bill (H. R. 4155) granting an increase Ian-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of pension to Joseph Warnock-to the Committee on Invalid Pen- Also, a bill (H. R. 4195) for the relief of Hannah W. Millard- sions. to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4156) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. HEDGE: A bill (H. R. 4196) granting a pension to Lydia William K. Spencer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Carr-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 352 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. NoVE~IBER 18,

Also, a bill (H. R. 4197) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. HUNT: A bill (H. R. 4236) to authorize the Secretary David Woliver-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of the Treasury to restore and pay Mary Kilcullen for mutilated Also, a bill (H. R. 4198) granting an increase of pension to United States currency-to the Committee on Claims . . Edwin Lake-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. JACKSON of Maryland: A bill (H. R. 4237) granting Also, a bill (H. R. 4199) granting an increase of pension to a. pension to James Bramble-to the Commiijiee on_In valid Pen4 • Charles 1\L Baber-t o the Committee on Invalid Pensions. s1ons. Also, a bill (H. R. 4200) granting an increase of pension to Mil­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4238) granting a pension toJosephE. Scott­ ton H. Sweet-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4201) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4239) granting a pension to George W. El4 Walker Wilson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. liott-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4202) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4240) granting a pension to John H. Ayers­ Augustus Greenwalt-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4203) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4241) granting a pension to Mary A. Denston­ William D. Reed-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee oil Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4204) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4242) granting a pension to Annie M. Wal4 J acob Shafer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. lace-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4205) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4243) to remove the charge of desertion Moses Kiger-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. against the name of Jackson Smith-to the Committee on Military Also, a bill (H. R. 4206) granting an increase of pension to Affairs. Othello M. Everett-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4244) granting a pension to Robert Ander­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4207) granting an increase of pension to son-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. James L. Canady-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4245) for the relief of James G. James and Also, a bill (H. R. 4208) gra.nting an increase of pension to Wil­ William J . Thomas, surviving executors of Edward Thomas-to liam J. Clark-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4209) granting an increase of pension to David Also, a bill (H. R. 4246) granting an increase of pension to John Weisneburger-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. R. Allen-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4210) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4247) for the relief of the owners of the Amanda M. Rhoades-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Ohe.

of pension to H. E. Burritt-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4313) granting a pension to Bunyan H. Byrd­ sions. to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4277) making.appropriation to pay the estate Also, a bill (H. R. 4314) granting an increase of pension to J. F. of Samuel Lee, deceased, in full for any claim for pay and allow­ Slade-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ances made by reason of the election of said Lee to the Forty­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4315) granting an increase of pension to John seventh Congress and his services therein-to the Committee on F. Davis-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4316) to correct the military record of Charles By Mr. McLAIN: A bill (H. R. 4278) for the relief of Victoria M. Gordon-to the Committee on Military Affairs. 0. Giun, heir of J. B. Lewis-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. McMORRL~: A bill (H. R. 4317) granting a pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4279) for the relief of Copiah County, Miss.­ Bertha Johnston-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Claims. By :Mr. OVERSTREET: A bill (H. R. 4318) grantingapension Also, a bill (H. R. 4280) for the relief of James M. Newman­ to David B. Wood-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4319)granting an increase of pension to John Also, a bill (H. R. 4281) for the relief of Mrs. M. L. Holt, Mrs. Sexton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Jane E. Cannon, and :Mrs. I. B. Shipp-to the Committee on War Also, a bill (H. R. 4320) granting an increase of pension to An­ Claims. drew M. Banks-to the Committee on Invalid Pension~:. A1so, a bill (H. R. 4282) for the relief of the estate of John Also, a bill (H. R. 4321) grantinganincreaseofpensiontoJohn Fleming, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. C. Crimins-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4283) for the relief of the estate of John Also, a bill (H. R. 4322) granting an increase of pension to . Rist, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Francis M:. Hav-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4284) for the relief of the estate of Edward Also, a bill (H. R. 4323) granting an increase of pension to . :McGehee, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Mary Wurtz-to the CoiDJ;Ilittee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4285) for the relief of the estates of Robert By Mr. PATTERSON of Tennessee: A bill (H. R. 4324) grant­ Bradley and Mary C. Bradley, deceased-to the Committee on ing a pension to William W. Jackson-to the Committee on In­ War Claims. valid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4286) for the relief of .the estate of John By Mr. PEARRE: A bill (H. R. 4325) granting an increase of O'Ferrall,deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. pension to John Amer Sills-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4287) for the relief of the estate of Mrs. sions. Sarah M. Dunbar, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4326) granting an increa-se of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4288) for the relief of the estate of Isaac Wilfred C. McCardell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Jones, deceased, late of Adams CGunty, Miss.-to the Committee Also, a bill (H. R. 4327) granting an increase of pension to A. F. on War Claims. Salisbury-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4289) for the relief of the estate of Isaac Als~, a bill (H. ~· 4328) granting an increas?. of pension to Jones, deceased, of Adams County, Miss.-to the Committee on Mabel H. Lazear-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. War Claims. Also. a bill (H. R. 4329) granting a pension to Alice Hagan­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4290) for the relief of the estate of F. W. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Harris, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4330) granting a pension to Catherine Tully­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4291) for relief of the estate of John T. Raw­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. lings, deceased, late of Adams County, Miss.-to the Committee Also, a bill (H. R. 4331) to remove the charge of desertion from on War Claims. the record of Samuel A. Matter-to the Committee on Military Also, a bill (H. R.,4292) for the relief of the heirs of James W. Affairs. Felder, of Amite County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4332) for the relief of the trustees of the AlEo, a bill (H. R. 4293) for the relief of Milton S. Shirk-to Methodist Episcopal Church of Oldtown, Allegany County, Md.- the Committee on War Claims. . to the Committee on War Claims. - Also, a bill (H. R. 4294) for the relief of the Protestant Orphan Also, a bill (H. R. 4333) for the relief of the trustees of the Asylum at Natchez, in the State of Mississippi-to the Committee United Brethren Church of Boonsboro, Md.-to the Committe& on War Claims. on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4295) for the relief of James A. G. Winston, of Also, a bill (H. R. 4334) for the relief of the trustees of ths Adams County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. Methodist Episeopal Church of Frederick County, Md.-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4296) for the relief of M. J. Baynard, of Committee on War Claims. Natchez, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4335) for the relief of the trustees of the Ger­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4297) for the relief of Eliza L. Ri-vers-to man Reformed Church of Middletown, Md.-to the Committee the Committee on War Claims. on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4298) for the relief of James M. Newman­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4336) for the relief of La Grange Lodge, No. to the Committee on War Claims. 36, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Boonsboro, Md.-to th& Also, a bill ~· R. 4299) for the relief of Burks Fitzgerald-to Committee on War Claims. the Committee on War Claims. Also, ·a bill (H. R. 4337) for the relief of Andrew H. Reinhart­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4300) for the relief of the estate of Lemuel to the Committee on War Claims. R. Hanks, deceased, Jate of Amite County, Miss.-to the Commit­ Also. a bill (H. R. 4338) for the relief of Polly Jackson-to tho tee on War Claims. Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4301) for the relief of Hampton Wall-to the · Also, a bill (H. R. 4339) for the relief of William A. Wroe-to­ Committee on War Claims. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4302) for the relief of John A. Brent-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4340) for the relief of Martha J. Wroe-to Committee on War Claims. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4303) for the relief of Patrick J. _Finley, of Also, a bill (H. R. 4341) for the relief of the estate of George Adams County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. Smith, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. · Also, a bill (H. R. 4304) for the relief of the estate of Mrs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4342) for the relief of the estate of Jacob Sarah A. Ghyle, deceased, late of Amite County, Miss.-to the Richard, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4343) for the relief of the tn1stees of the Also, a bill (H. R. 4305) for the relief of Mrs. Louisa M. Ben­ Methodist Episcopal Chm·ch of Boonsboro, Md.-to the Commit­ . nett, Miss Kate P. Bennett, Mrs. Mary Louisa Ogden, and Calvin tee on War Claims . S. Bennett-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4344) for the relief of Vincenzo Gerardi, of Also, a bill (H. R. 4306) for the relief of Pattick Foley, of Washington, D. C.-to the Committee on the District of Colum­ Adams County, J1fiss.-to the Committee on War Claims. bia. Also, a bill (H. R. 4307) for the·relief of the estate of Landon Also, a bill (H. R. 4345) for the relief of Andrew Jackson. L. Lea, of Amite County, Miss.-totheCommitteeon War Claims. Mondy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . Also, a bill (H. R. 4308) for the relief of U. Lunenburger, of Also, a bill (H. R. 4346) for the relief of Rowan White-to the­ - Natchez. Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. Committee on War Claims. Also, abill (H. R. 4309) for the relief of James A. G. Winston­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4347) for the relief of Mrs. Inez Shorb White­ to the Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (R. R. 4310) granting a pension to C. F. A. Kel­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4348) for the relief of George E. W. Shar­ . logg-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . retts-to the Committee on Claims . Also (by request), a bill (H. R. 4311) granting a pension to Han­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4349) for the relief of Charles R. Hooper-to nah Taylor-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H.- R. 4312) granting a pension toHenryMcGlodry...:.. Also, a bill (H. R. 435~ for the relief of Charles W. Geddes­ to the Committee on Pensions. to the Committee on Naval Affairs. :AXXVII--23 354 CONGRESSIONAL "RECORD-HOUSE. NoVEMBER 18,

By Mr. RAINEY: A bill (H. R. 4351) granting an increase of of pension to William H. Lear-to the Committee on Invalid pension to James C. Bradley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Pensions. By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 4390) granting Also, a bill (H. R. 4352) granting an increase of pension to Wil­ an increase of pension to Francis W. Seeley-to the Committee on liam H. H. Westbrook-to the Committee on In-valid Pensions. Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4353) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 4391) granting an increase of pension to George Brown-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Nicholas Schwemler-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4354) granting an increase of pension to Wil­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4392) granting a pension to Abbie E. Web­ liam H. Wendell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ster-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4355) granting a pension to Martha Day-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4393) granting a pension to Patrick Daw­ the Committee on Invalid Pensions. son-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A1'lo, a bill (H. R. 4356) granting a pension to John T. Oburn­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4394) granting a pension to Sarah E. Tripp­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4357) granting a pension to Ernaline Cox-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4395) granting a pension to Fanny M. Lowe-­ the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions . .Also, a bill (H. R. 4358) to remove the charge of desertion from Also, a bill (H. R. 4396) granting a pension to Aguste Albrecht­ the record of Zadoc J. Over by-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4-397) granting a pension to Putnam F. Gage­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4359) granting an increase of pension to John to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Henderson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4398) granting a pension to Ellen A. Wilson­ By Mr. ROBB: A bill (H. R. 4360) for the relief of Ellen Mans­ to the Committee on Pensions. field and Mattie Mansfield-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4399) granting a pension to Adam Fritz-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4361) for the relief of the heirs of Erdman the Committee on Pensions. Bodenschatz, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4400) for the relief of Harriet D. Newson­ Also, a bil). (H. R. 4362) for the relief of the heirs and legal repre­ to the Committee on Claims. sentatives of John W. Hancock, deceased-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 4401) for the relief of Lieut. Col. Edward War Claims. Simonton-to the Committee on :Military Affairs. By Mr. RYAN: A bill (H. R. 4363) to correct the military Also, a bill (H. R. 4402) for the relief of Jean Louis Legare­ record of Leander Frost, alias James Benston-to the Committee to the Committee on Indian Affairs. on Milltary Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 4403) to remove the charge of de ertionstand­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4364) granting an increase of pension to John ing against Reese Peoples-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Gary, alias John Adams-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4404) to remove the charge of desertion Also, a bill (H. R. 4365) granting a pensio11 to Barney L. against Henry H. Martens-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Brookins-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4405) to correct the military record of Also, a bill (H. R. 4366) granting a pension to Wilhelmina Sie­ Carl W. Albrecht-to the Committee on Military Affairs. fert-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4406) to place Francis W. Seeley on the re­ Also. a bill (H. R. 4367) granting a pension to Henry Miller­ tired list of the Army-to the Committee on Military Affairs. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. THOMAS of North Carolina: A bill (H. R. 4407) au­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4368) granting a pension to Martin Uehlein­ thorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to defray the expenses of to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. contestant in the contest entitled "Koonce against Grady "-to Also,a bill (H. R. 4369) granting an increase of pension to Au­ the Committee on Claims. gust Strick-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4408) for the relief of John T. Rochelle-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4370) granting an increase of pension to H. the Committee on Invalid Pensions. P. Abbott-to the Comm1ttee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4409) for the relief of Franklin Foy-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4371) granting an increase of pension to Wil­ Committee on War Claims. liam K. Fowle-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4410) for the relief of R. N. White-to the By Mr. SHOBER: A bill (H. R. 4372) granting a pension to Committee on War Claims. Ferdinand Esau-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4411) for the relief of Calvin G. Perkins-to By Mr. SHAFROTH: A bill (H. R. 4373) granting an increase the Committee on War Claims. of pension to Patrick Morris-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4412) for the relief of the estate of John sions. Stewart-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4374) granting an increase of pension to Al­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4413) for the relief of William T. Perry-to bert N. Raymond-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4375) granting an increase of pension to Mary Also, a bill (H. R. 4414) for the relief of the estate of B. L. Rob­ H. Houghton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. inson-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. SIBLEY: A bill (H. R. 4376) granting an increase of Also, a bill (H. R. 4415) for the relief of the heirs of Edward pension to William 0". Mallorie-to the Committee on Invalid Smith-to the Committee on War Claims. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4416) for the relief of the estate of Rayford Also, a bill (H. R. 4377) granting an increase of pension to John Brewington. deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. W. McCormick-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4417) for the relief of the heirs of Joseph R. Also, a bill (H. R. 4378) granting an increase of pension to John Bell-to the Committee on War Claims. McKeever-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4418) for the relief of Joshua D. Haskett-to Also, a bill (H. R. 4379) granting an increase of pension to the Committee on War Claims. Alexander Adams-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4419) for the relie£ of Elizabeth T. Flowers By Mr. SMITH of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 4380) granting and Sar~h E. Bridges-to the Committee on War Claims. an increase of pension to David RA Pringle-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 4420) fox the relief of the heirs of Nancy Invalid Pensions. Wood-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4381) granting an increase of pension to Mil­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4421) for the relief of theestat~ of James A. ton Strattan-to the Committee on Pensions. Suydam, deceased, late of Craven County, N. C.-to the Commit­ • Also, a bill (H.R. 4382) grantinganincreaseofpension to George tee on War Claims. W. Kinsel-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4422) for the relief of the heirs of Sarah Also, a bill (H. R. 4383) to remove the charge of desertion Hartley-to the Committee on War Claims. from the military record of John A. White and grant him an Also, a bin (H. R. 4423) for the relief of Eleanor B. Cayton-to honorable discharge-to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4384) for the relief of George H. Warren­ Also, a bill (H . .R. 4424) for the relief of 0. H. Peny, admin­ to th~ Committee on Military Affairs. istrator of the estate of George W. Perry, late of the county of By Mr. SNOOK: A bill (H. R. 4385) granting an increase of Craven, N. C.-to the Committee on War Claims. pension to Thomas Thompson-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4425) for the relief of William H. Bucklin­ sions. to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4386) granting an increase o£ pension to Also, a. bill (H. R. 4426) for the relief of the First Baptist J o eph Berger-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Church, of Newbem, N. C.-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4387) granting a pension to Moses G. Coates­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4427) for the relief of the heirs of John H. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Richardson, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4388) to correct the military record of Dan­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4428) for the relief of the heirs o£ D. W. iel Burns-to the Committee on Military Affairs. "Morton-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. SULLOWAY: A bill (H. R. 4389) granting an increase Also, a bill (H. R. 4429) for the relief of Jame~ M. Eoward, • l

1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 355 administrator of Thomas S. Howard, deceased-to the Committee By Mr. GR'EENE: A bill (H. R. 4481) for the relief of the snf­ on War Claims. ferers by the wreck of the United States revenue cutter Gallatin Also, a bill (H. R. 4430) for the relief of Joseph B. Banks-to off the .coast of Massachusetts-to the Committee on Claims. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 4431) for the relief of D. S. Barrns and PETITIONS, ETC. others-to the Committee on War Claims. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, thefollowing petitions and papers Also, a bill (H. R. 4432) for the relief of Henry R. Bryan, of were laid on the Clerk's desk and refeiTed as follows: Craven County, N. C.-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. ACHESON: Resolution of the board of directors of the Also1 a bill (H. R. 4433) for the relief of Richard Berry-to the Grain and Flour Exchange of Pittsburg, Pa., favoring enlarge­ Committee on War Claims. ment .of power of Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4434) for the relief of Edward W. Scott-to mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. the Committee on War Claims. Also, resolution of Trades League of Philadelphia, relative to a Also, a bill (H. R. 4435) for the relief of the heirs of C. H. Fay­ 35-foot channel for the Delaware River, port of Philadelphia-to to the Committee on War Claims. the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, a bill (H. R. 4436) for the relief of W. P. Lane, adminis­ By Mr. ADAMS of Pennsylvania: Resolution of the Pennsyl­ trator of W. K. Lane-to the Committee on War Claims. vania Shoe Manufacturers' Association, relative to a 35-footchan­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4437) for the relief of the heirs of Nathan D. nel for the Delaware River, port of Philadelphia-to the Com­ Adams-to the Committee on War Claims. mittee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, a bill (H. R. 4438) for the relief of George A. Russell, ad­ Also, resolution of the board of directors of the Grain and ministrator of Stephen Chadwick-to the Committee on War Flour Exchange of Pittsburg, Pa., favoring enlargement of power Claims. of Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Committee on Inter­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4439) for the relief of Mary N. B1·yan, of state and Foreign Commerce. Craven County, N. C.-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. BRUNDIDGE: Papers to accompany bill granting an Also, a bill (H. R. 4440) for the relief of I. F. Hill, executor of increase of pension to Caleb Arnett-to the Committee on Invalid W. E. Hill, of Duplin County, N. C.-to the Committee on War Pensions. Claims. By Mr. BUTLER of Missouri: Address on behalf of the people Also, a bill (H. R. 4441) for the relief of the estate of William of the various States, asking legislation denying the use of the C. Lewis-to the Committee on War Claims. mails to fraudulent insm·ance companies-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 4442) for the relief of William Foy and H. B. the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Lane, executor of Mrs. H. B. Lane, of North Carolina-to the Also, letter of William C. Bartel, secretary of Typographia Committee on War Claims. No.3, of St. Louis, Mo., inclosing copies of and urging the pas­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4443) for the relief of the estate of GeorgeS. sage of eight-hour bill and anti-injunction bill-to the Committee De Bruhl, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. on Labor. Also, a bill (H. R. 4444) for the relief of John D. Hawkins, Also, resolution of the Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis, Mo., executor of Jonathan Hawkins-to the Committee on War urging the Secretary of War to cause plans and estimates to be Claims. made for the improvement of the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Also, a bill (H. R. 4445) for the relief of David J. Middleton­ Mo.-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. CANNON: Petition of C. E. Ritchie and other citizens Also, a bill (H. R. 44.46) for the relief of the heirs of Needham of Illinois, protesting against the passage of parcels-post bill-to B. White-to the Committee on War Claims. the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Also, a bill (H. R. 4447) for the relief of James F. White-to the By Mr. CALDERHEAD: Resolution of Lew Gove Post, N o.100, Committee on War Claims. Manhattan, Department of Kansas, Grand Army of the Republie, Also, a bill (H. R. 4448) for the relief of the heirs of Nancy favoring passage of service-pension bill-to the Committee on Burfield, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. · Invalid Pensions. By Mr. TOWNSEND: A bill (H.R. 4449) granting an increase By Mr. CROWLEY: PaperstoaccompanybilltopensionJames of pension to William Brown-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Morris-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sions. By Mr. DALZELL: Resolution of board of directors of Grain Also, a bill (H. R. 4450) granting an increase of pension to James and Flour Exchange of Pittsburg, Pa., relative to the enlarge­ Brown--to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ment of power of the Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4451) granting a pension to Arminda Mar­ Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. ble-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. IDTT: Petition of business men of Davis, ill., protesting Also, a bill (H. R. 4452) granting a pension to Laura A. Bau­ against passage of parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the ghey--to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. WARNOCK: A bill (H. R. 4453) to correct the military By Mr. KETCHAM: Resolution of John W. Watson Post, No. record of Joseph P. Leiter-to the Committee on Military Affairs. 514, Grand Army of the Republic, Catskill N.Y., favoring pas­ By Mr. WATSON: A bill (H. R. 4454) granting an increase of sage of a service-pension bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ pension to Andrew Krauer-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ sions. sions. By Mr. KLINE: Resolution of Pennsylvania Shoe Manufac­ Also, a bill (H. R. 4455) granting an increase of pension to Wil­ turers' Association, relative to a 35-foot channel for the Delaware liam Hamm-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. River, port of Philadelphia-to the Committee on Rivers and Also, a bill (H. R. 4456) to remove the charge of desertion Harbors. against John C. Partlow-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, resolution of Grain and Flour Exchange of Pittsburg, Pa., By Mr. WILEY of New Jersey: A bill (H. R. 4457) granting favoring enlargement of power of Interstate Commerce Commis­ an increase of pension to Mary E. Meldrum-to the Committee sion-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. KNAPP: Papers to accompany bill H. R. 2155, grant­ By Mr. WOODYARD: A bill (H. R. 4458) granting a pension ing an increase of pension to C. W. Bechstedt-to the Committee to John M. Cox-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. SMITH of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 4459) granting By Mr. :MOON of Tennessee: Papers to accompany bill H. R. a pension to Catherine W. Stoops-to the Committee on Pensions. 2196-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. WILLIAMS of lllinois: A bill (H. R. 4460) granting an By. Mr. MORRELL: Resolution of the board of directors of the increase of pension to Samuel E. Lookingbill-to the Committee Grain and Flour Exchange of Pittsburg, Pa., favoring enlarge­ on Invalid Pensions. ment of power of the Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Also: a bill (H. R. 4461) granting an increase of pension to Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Fredrick Baker-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. OLMSTED: Resolution of board of directors of the Also, a bill (H. R. 4462) granting an increase of pension to Grain and Flour Exchange of Pittsbm·g, Pa., favoring enlarge­ John N. Mathews-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ment of power of the Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 4463) granting an increase of pension to Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Martin Schubert-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. OVERSTREET: Papers to accompany bill granting an Also, a bill (H. R. 4464) granting an increase of pension to Gran­ increase of pension to Mary Wurtz-to the Committee on Invalid ville E. Stout-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4465) granting an increase of pension to Sny­ Also, papers to accompany bill granting an increase of pension der H. Osborn-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to Francis M. Hay-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4466) granting a pension to William R. Bur­ By Mr. PAYNE: Papers to accompany bill H. R. 3959-to the ton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 4467) granting a pension to Caleb Ellis-to By Mr. PEARRE: Petition of the heirs of Mary Ann King, de­ tho Committee on Invalid Pensions. ceased, late of Montgomery County,~ Md., praying reference of

I ..' -, .. f. . -. ·. ' .

356 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. NoVE~IBER 19,

war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War He also presented a petition of Reynolds Post, Department of Claims. Washington, Grand Army of the Republic, of Blaine, Wash., By Mr. PORTER: Resolution of Pennsylvania Shoe Manufac­ and a petition of J. B. Steedman Post, No. 24. Department of turers' Association, relative to a 35-foot channel for the Delaware Washington, Grand Army of the Republic, of Whatcom, Wash., River, port of Philadelphia-to the Committee on Rivers and praying for the enactment of a service-pension law; whb!l were Harbors. referred to the Committee on Pensions. Also, resolution of the board of directors of the Grain and Flour Mr. BURNHAM presented a petition of Local Union No. 43, E.xchange of Pittsburg, Pa., favoring enlargement of power of International Brotherhood of Paper Makers, of Ashland, N.H., Interstate Commerce Commission-to the Committee on Interstate and a petition of the Building Trades Oouncil of Manchester, and Foreign Commerce. N. H., praying for the passage of the so-called eight-hour bill; By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: Petition of F. G. Lorens and which were referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. other citizens of Center City, Minn., protesting against passage He also presented a petition of Local Union No. 43. Interna­ of parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ tional Brotherhood of Paper Makers, of Ashland, N.H., and a Roads. petition of the Building Trades Council of Manchester, N.H., Also, petition of Typographical Union No. 432, of Stillwater, praying for the passage of the EO-called Hoar anti-injunction bill; · Minn., in favor of an eight-hour bill and anti-injunction bill-to which were referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on Labor. Mr. NELSON presented petitions of M. G. Evenson, of St. Also, petition of W. J. and A. Hedenthrom and other citizens Peter; of Scofield Post, No. 121, Department of Minnesota, Grand of Lindstrom, Minn .. protesting against passage of parcels-post Army of the Republic, of Zumbrota; of John A. Logan Regi­ bill-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ment, No.2, Union Veterans Union, of St. Paul; of James Bry­ By Jtfr. WARNER: Petition of citizens of Monticello and Mans­ ant Post, No. 119, Department of Minnesota, Grand Army of the field, Platt County, TIL, praying for an antipolygamy amendment Republic, of Minneapolis; of Mitchell Post, No. 63, Department to the Constitution-to the Committee on the Judiciary. of Minnesota, Grand Army of the Republic. of Madelia, and of Aim, resolution of Charley Lee Post, No. 561, Grand Army of Frank P. Blair Post, No. 82, Department of Minne ~ota, Grand the Republic, Herrick, Department of lllinois, urging passage of Army of the Republic, of Ortonville, all in the St.ate of Minne­ a service-pension bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sota, praying for the enactment of a service-pension law; which were refened to the Committee on Pensions. . He also presented petitions of the Woman's..Christian Temper­ SENATE. ance Union and the congregation of the Western Avenue Metho­ dist Episcopal Church,of Minneapolis; of the Woman's Christian THURSDAY, November 19, 1903. Temperance Union of Lamberton: of the _Woman's Christian Prayer by Rev. F. J. PRETTYMAN, of the city of Washington. Temperance Union of Wabasso; of the congregation of the 1\fetho­ Mr. KNUTE NELSON, a Senator from the State of Minnesota, dist Episcopal Church of Wab:1sso; of the Woman's Christian appeared in his seat to-day. Temperance Union of Jtfinneapolis; of the congregation of the The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro­ Presbyterian Church of Euclid; of the EpwoTth .. League of Lam­ ceedings, when, on request of Mr. PENROSE, and by unanimous berton; of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Etna; consent, the further reading was dispensed with. of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union-of Clarkfield, and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal will stand ap- of the Woman's Club of N orthf:ield, all in the State of Minne ota, proved, if there be no objection. It is approved. · praying for an investigation of the charges made and filed against Hon. REED SMOOT, a Senator from the State of Utah; which were GRAZING IN FO~EST RESERVES. referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com­ Mr. PERKINS pre!:cnted a petition of the Chamber of Com­ munication from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a merce of Sacramento, Cal., praying for the establishment of an draft of a proposed bill to control grazing in forest reserves; which, additional judicial district in that State; which was referred to the with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Committee on Committee on ths Judiciary. Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game, and ordered to He also presented a petition of Local Division No. 192, Amal­ be printed. gamated Association of Street Railway Employees, of Oakland, PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Cal., praying for the pas~age of the so-called eight-hour bill; 1\Ir. PENROSE presented a petition of Subordinate Union No.6, which was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. International Hod Carriers and Building Laborers Union, of He also presanted a petition of Local Division No. 192, Amal­ Sarre, Pa., and a petition of Local Union No. 8874, American gamated Association of Street Railway Employees, of Oakland, · Federation of Labor, of Shenandoah, Pa., praying for the passage Cal., praying for the pa sage of the so-called Hoar anti-injunctbn of the so~called eight-hour bill; which were referred to the Com­ bill; which was refened to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on Education and Labor. He also presented a petition of the General George A. Custer He also presented a petition of Subordinate Union No.6 Inter­ Council, No. 22, Junior Order United American Mechanics, of Oak­ nationa1 Hod Carriers and Building Laborers' Union, of Sayre, land, Cal., praying for the enactment of legislation to re trict im­ Pri.., and a petition of Local UnionN?. 8374, American Federation migration; which was referred to the Uommittee on Immigration. of Labor, of Shenandoah, Pa., praymg for the passage of the so­ He also presented a petition of the W.oman' Chri tian Tem­ called Hoar anti-injunction bill; which were referred to the Com­ perance U nion3 of San Jose and Los Angeles, Cal., praying for an mittl3a on the Judiciary. investigation of the charges made and filed ag-ainsli Hon. REED He also presented a petition of Lincoln Post, No. 140, Depart­ S.YOOT, a Sanator from the State of Utah; which was referrej to ment of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the Republic, of Shamokin, the Committee on Privileges and Elections. P3.., praying for the enactment of a service-pension law; which Mr. DRYDEN presented a memorial of the national executive was referred to the Committee on Pensions. committee of the National German-Americ.o'Ul Alliance, praying He also presented a petition of Welcome Council, No. 134, Junior for the enactment of legislation to regulate the interstate trans­ · Order of United American Mechanics, of Pittsburg, Pa.. praying portation of intoxicating liqu0rs; which w~s referred to th3 Com­ for the enaetment o'f legislation providing an educational test for mittee on Interstate Commerce. immigmntstothiscountry; which was referred to the Committee He also presented petitions of sundry citizeRS of Montclair; of on Immjgration. the congregation of the Calvary Presbyterian Church, of Camden; He also pret:ented a petition of the Pennsylvania Shoe Manu­ of the congregation of the Rosedale Baptist Church, of Camden; facturers' Association, of Philadelphia, Pa., and a petition of the of the congregation of the Jtiethodist Episcopa.l Church of Ocean Business and Professional Club of Philadelphia, Pa., praying that Grovo; of the Charity Organization Society of Bayonne; of tho an appropriation be made to provide a 35-foot channel in the congregation of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Bayonne; Delaware River from Philadelphia to the sea; which were re­ of Bayonne Council, No.119, Junior Order United American 1\fe­ ferred to the Committee on Commerce. chanics; of the congregation of Prospect Street Presbyterian Mr. FOSTER of Washington presented petitions of sundry citi­ Church, of Trenton, and of the congregation of the Bethany Baptist zens of Aublll.-n, of the congregation of the Christian Church of Church, of Camden all in the State of New Jersey, praying for Waitsburg, and of the Alloha Club, of Tacoma, all in the State of an investigation of the charges made and filed against Hon. REED Washington, praying for an investigation of thecharges_p1ado and SMOOT, a Senator from the State of Utah; which were referred to filed against Hon. REED SMOOT, a Senator from the State of Utah; the Cm;nmittea on Privileges and Elections. which were refen-ed to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. Mr. BEVERIDGE presented a petition of the Local Union He also presented a memorial of Local Union No. 325, Cigar No. 19, American Federation of Labor, of Forli Wayne, Ind., and Makers' International Union, of Spokane, Wash., remonstrating a petition of Local Union No. 10108, American Federation of against any reduction of the tariff on cigars, tobacco, etc., im­ Labor, of Stoneblu:ff, Ind., praying for the passage of the so-called ported from Cuba; which was referred to the Committee on Fi­ eight-hour bill; which were referred to the Committee on Educa­ nance. tion and Labor,

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