Universidade Estadual Do Ceará Centro De Humanidades Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Linguística Aplicada Mestrado Acadêmico Em Linguística Aplicada

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Universidade Estadual Do Ceará Centro De Humanidades Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Linguística Aplicada Mestrado Acadêmico Em Linguística Aplicada UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO CEARÁ CENTRO DE HUMANIDADES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA MESTRADO ACADÊMICO EM LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA MARISA BARALDI MINERVINO CONCEITUALIZAÇÃO DE MORALIDADE RELIGIOSA NA SOCIEDADE AMERICANA CONTEMPORÂNEA EM FUTURAMA, NA PERSPECTIVA DA SEMÂNTICA COGNITIVA FORTALEZA – CEARÁ 2014 1 MARISA BARALDI MINERVINO CONCEITUALIZAÇÃO DE MORALIDADE RELIGIOSA NA SOCIEDADE AMERICANA CONTEMPORÂNEA EM FUTURAMA, NA PERSPECTIVA DA SEMÂNTICA COGNITIVA Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Linguística Aplicada do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de mestre em Linguística Aplicada. Área de Concentração: Linguagem e Interação. Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Paula Lenz Costa Lima. FORTALEZA – CEARÁ 2014 2 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação Universidade Estadual do Ceará Sistema de Bibliotecas Minervino, Marisa Baraldi. Conceitualização de Moralidade Religiosa na Sociedade Americana Contemporânea em Futurama, na Perspectiva da Semântica Cognitiva [recurso eletrônico] / Marisa Baraldi Minervino. – 2014. 1 CD-ROM: il.; 4 ¾ pol. CD-ROM contendo o arquivo no formato PDF do trabalho acadêmico com 207 folhas, acondicionado em caixa de DVD Slim (19 x 14 cm x 7 mm). Dissertação (mestrado acadêmico) – Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Humanidades, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística Aplicada, Fortaleza, 2014. Área de concentração: Linguagem e Interação. Orientação: Prof.ª Dra. Paula Lenz Costa Lima. 1. Semântica Cognitiva. 2. Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados. 3. Sistema da Metáfora Moral. 4. Moralidade religiosa. 5. Conceitualização. I. Título. 3 4 Para Meus Filhos e Filhos Mariana, Pedro, Raoni (Davi, Manuela, Erlanes), Cilo, Deibyth, Gustavo, Karol, Mayara. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Aos Colegas da Turma de 2012 e aos Colegas Alexandra Seoane, Beto Costa, Carlos Manta, Jesse Mourão, Sarah Ribeiro, Thais Pereira, pelo aprendizado compartilhado. Ao Professor Gilson Cordeiro, por me inserir na Linguística Cognitiva, que mudou minha maneira de perceber e agir no mundo. Ao Professor Pedro Praxedes, pelo exemplo de humanidade e paixão pelo ensinar. 6 RESUMO Esta dissertação tem como objetivo essencialmente investigar a conceitualização de moralidade religiosa na sociedade americana contemporânea, referente ao período de 1999 a 2003, a partir da comédia de situação de ficção científica Futurama, na perspectiva as Semântica Cognitiva, mais especificamente por meio dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados de Lakoff (1987) e do Sistema da Metáfora Moral de Lakoff e Johnson (1999). A Semântica Cognitiva é o meio para obter essa conceitualização por causa das metáforas conceituais, que tornam possível entender, através de seus mapeamentos conceituais, porque os nossos conceitos morais são praticamente definidos por metáforas. Ressalte-se que, para a Semântica Cognitiva, os conceitos morais foram construídos pelo ser humano, a partir do aprendizado compartilhado e experienciado sócio-cognitivamente, através de processos histórico-culturais, que são a fonte para a conceitualização de moralidade religiosa. A pesquisa é qualitativa e busca descrever e interpretar as características da linguagem verbal, imagens e ações, visando à reconstrução dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados aplicados e organizados pelo Sistema da Metáfora Moral e as metáforas do Pai Severo e do Pai Cuidador. Por meio das estruturas resultantes foi investigado: (i) se na moralidade religiosa fica implícita uma transação financeira evidenciada por termos financeiros pertinentes a essa operação; (ii) se na moralidade religiosa fica implícita uma lógica de ganho, de perda, de débito nessa contabilidade moral; (iii) e se essa transação financeira se realiza nas metáforas do Pai Severo e do Pai Cuidador. A pesquisa, direcionada a partir da METÁFORA DA CONTABILIDADE MORAL, ressaltou três de seus oito esquemas morais básicos (Reciprocidade, Retribuição, Dar A Outra Face), nos quais foram verificadas transações financeiras implícitas e ocorreram nos dois modelos que inspiram moralidade, o do Pai Severo e o do Pai Cuidador. O Esquema de Reciprocidade se realizou também por meio de ações e manifestações verbais que estruturam contratos morais metafóricos. Palavras-chave: Semântica Cognitiva. Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados. Sistema da Metáfora Moral. Moralidade religiosa. Conceitualização. 7 ABSTRACT This study essentially aims at investigating the conceptualization of religious morality in the American contemporary society (1999 to 2003), from the science fiction sitcom Futurama, based on Cognitive Semantics, specifically using the Idealized Cognitive Models (LAKOFF, 1987) and the Moral Metaphor System (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1999). Cognitive Semantics is the means to get to this conceptualization because of conceptual metaphors that enable us to understand, by means of conceptual mappings, why our moral concepts are practically defined by metaphors. In Cognitive Semantics, moral concepts were built by human beings from shared and experienced socio-cognitive learning through historic-cultural processes, which are the sources for conceptualization of religious morality. This research is qualitative and seeks to describe and interpret the characteristics of verbal language, images and actions towards the reconstruction of Idealized Cognitive Models that were applied and organized by the System of Moral Metaphor and the Strict Father and Nurturant Father Metaphors. Departing from the emerging structures, it was investigated: (i) if religious morality reveals an implicit financial transaction evidenced by financial terms that are constitutive of this operation; (ii) if religious morality reveals an implicit logic of gain, loss, debt in this moral accounting; (iii) if this financial transaction is realized in the Strict Father and the Nurturant Father Metaphors. Concerning the MORAL ACCOUNTING METAPHOR, three out of its eight basic moral schemas were highlighted (Reciprocity, Retribution, Turning The Other Cheek), in which implicit financial transactions were detected. Financial transactions were also detected in the Strict Father and the Nurturant Father Moralities. Moreover, the Reciprocity Schema occurred by means of actions and verbal manifestations that structured moral metaphorical contracts. Key-words: Cognitive Semantics. Idealized Cognitive Models. Moral Metaphor System. Religious morality. Conceptualization. 8 LISTA DE QUADROS Quadro 1 – Mapeamento da METÁFORA DA FORÇA MORAL ...................................... 64 Quadro 2 – AUTORIDADE MORAL É AUTORIDADE DOS PAIS ................................ 65 Quadro 3 – Mapeamento da noção básica de cuidar da família projetada na sociedade Erro! Indicador não definido. Quadro 4 – Mapeamento da METÁFORA DA FAMÍLIA HUMANA ............................... 71 Quadro 5 – Ilustração da Transcrição, Cena “Bender na Sarjeta”........................................ 79 Quadro 6 – Ficha de Pré-Análise - Ilustração do Episódio “O Inferno dos Robôs”, Cena “Bender na Sarjeta”........................................................................................... 80 Quadro 7 – Ficha de Pré-Análise - Imagens do Episódio “O Inferno dos Robôs”, Cena “O Inferno dos Robôs” ........................................................................................... 81 Quadro 8 – Mapeamento da Metáfora da Família Terráquea ............................................... 86 Quadro 9 – Bender não parece estar bem ............................................................................. 87 Quadro 10 – Bender na sarjeta ............................................................................................... 89 Quadro 11 – METÁFORA DO CUIDAR MORAL ............................................................. 900 Quadro 12 – A intervenção de Bender ................................................................................... 92 Quadro 13 – O sermão do Pastor e a queda de Bender .......................................................... 94 Quadro 14 – Bender se liga à religião para ficar limpo .......................................................... 95 Quadro 15 – O batismo de Bender ......................................................................................... 97 Quadro 16 – METÁFORA DA ORDEM MORAL ............................................................... 98 Quadro 17 – Bender chato .................................................................................................... 100 Quadro 18 – Bender chato santifica a nave e os amigos querem o velho Bender de volta .. 101 Quadro 19 – Bender peca de coração ................................................................................... 103 Quadro 20 – Bender sente paz interior ................................................................................. 103 Quadro 21 – Bender cai no pecado e vai pro Inferno ........................................................... 105 Quadro 22 – Bender relata que no Inferno tem coisas assustadoras e dolorosas ................. 106 Quadro 23 – O primeiro de cinco níveis no Inferno ........................................................... 1088 Quadro 24 – Bender paga por trapacear, roubar com o fogo do Inferno ............................. 109 Quadro 25 – Bender culpa sua criação pelos seus pecados .................................................. 110 Quadro 26 – Bender vai pagar por cada crime que cometeu ................................................ 112 Quadro 27 – Bender convence Fry a fazer um
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