DOCSLIB.ORG

Determines Many Aspects of Implementation, Testing, Debugging

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Determines Many Aspects of Implementation, Testing, Debugging Choice of language Wednesday, October 24, 2012 9:37 AM Perhaps the most important decision in a project: choice of language Determines many aspects of implementation, testing, debugging. A hierarchy of choices: Execution style. Memory management style. Support for particular programming styles. Language Page 1 Controversies Wednesday, October 24, 2012 4:32 PM Controversies One can write any program in any language, but the choice of language for a specific task is very controversial. Many so-called religious issues are grounded in real facts. Language Page 2 Basic implementation principles Wednesday, October 24, 2012 10:01 AM Basic implementation principles Implement guard clauses to assert preconditions and protect against unexpected occurrences and conditions. Avoid global variables. Avoid side-effects: functions should compute their return values and do nothing else. Handle exceptional conditions through some form of exception handling. Why do we adhere? Because there's some thought that it's cheaper. Languages differ on whether and how these principles are supported. Some languages support these practices. Others actively work against them. Language Page 3 Why is doing these things "good"? Wednesday, October 24, 2012 2:43 PM Guard clauses localize faults outside a protected subroutine. Global variables are implicit arguments to every subroutine in their scope (even if not accessed) Side-effects are difficult to debug, because they aren't part of the main data flow of program. Exceptions allow the programmer to determine accurately why a program crashed. Language Page 4 A simple language taxonomy Wednesday, October 24, 2012 9:47 AM A simple language taxonomy Execution model: Native: runs actual machine code on the physical machine. By static compilation into that code (C, C++) By just-in-time (JIT) compilation of intermediate code into native code (C#, J#) Virtual: compiled code runs inside a virtual machine. Java runs bytecode in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Heap management model Explicit free: programmer must free storage. C, C++. Automatic free: storage is freed when no longer referenced: Java, J#, C#, D, ... Language Page 5 Why so many options? Wednesday, October 24, 2012 9:55 AM Why so many options? Languages trade ease of programming and portability for speed of execution. C, C++: "fastest" languages, "most difficult" to use. Java, C#, J#: "slower" languages, "easier" to use, more "portable". PHP, Javascript, Perl, Ruby: "slowest" languages, "easiest" to use. The easier it is to write a program, the harder it is to make it robust and maintainable! Language Page 6 Some simple rules of thumb Wednesday, October 24, 2012 10:12 AM Some simple rules of thumb for execution speed: Native languages execute about 10x faster than interpreted languages on same hardware. Automatic free based upon access counts makes every object access take 2x to 3x compared to explicit free. Even for objects that are not in the heap. Language Page 7 Case study 1: memory allocation Wednesday, October 24, 2012 2:57 PM Case study 1: memory allocation C's strength: speed. C's weakness: pointers. Language Page 8 Summary of differences between C and Java Tuesday, October 23, 2012 11:43 AM Summary of differences between C and Java memory allocation C, C++ Java, C#, J# explicit free implicit free no storage descriptors storage descriptors pointer aliases possible pointer aliases not possible pointer typecasts pointer typecasts necessary illegal unions possible unions disallowed array bounds checking array bounds not supported checking possible heap validity checking heap validity important checking irrelevant Language Page 9 The C allocation model Tuesday, October 23, 2012 11:42 AM The C allocation model: use malloc(3) to get a block of memory, aligned so that it can be used in a variety of ways. decide how to use it outside of malloc. must explicitly free storage that one no longer needs. memory manager has no concept of memory use. Language Page 10 Dynamic memory allocation in C Tuesday, October 23, 2012 11:54 AM Dynamic memory allocation in C int *p = (int *) malloc(10*sizeof(int)); .... free(p); Facts about dynamic memory allocation: p[10]=1 and p[-1]=1 shouldn't work, but sometimes seem to work and cause memory corruption that manifests later. free(p) does not reset p, nor does it deallocate the memory at *p. Real effect of free(p): reuse *p. Language Page 11 Dynamic memory allocation in C++ Wednesday, October 24, 2012 2:13 PM Dynamic memory allocation in C++ int *p = new int[10]; Exact same meaning as C malloc expression, except call the constructor for the base object as required. delete p; Same as free(p), but call the destructor for each base object beforehand. Language Page 12 C and C++ memory allocation Wednesday, October 24, 2012 2:15 PM C and C++ memory allocation Syntax for the languages differ, but heap semantics are the same for both. C++ does pointer casts, initializations invisibly. C makes you do them explicitly. Otherwise, same game in both cases. Language Page 13 How does C++ differ from C? Tuesday, October 23, 2012 12:22 PM How does C++ differ from C? Java-like syntax: int *p=new int[10]; C semantics: same problem as in C. Language Page 14 Pointer code debugging Wednesday, October 24, 2012 2:48 PM Pointer code debugging Most common C/C++ pointer problems Lost pointer/memory leak: there is no remaining pointer to an allocated memory object. Pointer alias: two pointers point to the same place, but should point to different places. Pointer corruption: a pointer points somewhere invalid. Language Page 15 A classical C programming problem: memory aliases Tuesday, October 23, 2012 12:10 PM A classical C programming problem: memory aliases int *p, *q; p = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int)); *p=2; free(p); q = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int)); // now *p is the same location as *q! *p=5; // works and changes *q, but shouldn't! Language Page 16 A worst-case pointer alias scenerio Tuesday, October 23, 2012 12:14 PM A worst-case scenerio The worst that can happen: corruption of a pointer structure struct elem { struct elem *next; int data; } *head=NULL; void link(int d) { struct elem *p = (struct elem *)malloc (sizeof(struct elem)); p->data=d; p->next=head; head=p; } void unlink() { free(head); }; Consider what happens when we do the following: link(1); link(2); unlink(); link(3); Language Page 17 Memory leaks Wednesday, October 24, 2012 3:20 PM Memory leaks A memory leak occurs any time one loses a pointer to an allocated block of memory. E.g., in C int *p = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*10); p=NULL; // without free() There is no mechanism whereby one may recover the pointer addresses and free them! Language Page 18 What is heap validity checking? Tuesday, October 23, 2012 11:49 AM A common form of C debugging: heap validity checking Check programs for common heap errors writing to a pointer out of range. referencing freed storage. Key to all successful approaches: replace malloc with a debugging version keep track of more than malloc (run slower) check the validity of the whole heap during every reference. catch access errors as early as possible. Language Page 19 Strengths of heap validity checking Wednesday, October 24, 2012 5:04 PM Corruption is caught early, before it causes chained errors. We have a better chance of tracing back a few steps to the cause, than back a lot of steps. Language Page 20 Weaknesses of heap validity checking Wednesday, October 24, 2012 5:05 PM Two wrongs can be mistaken for a right! Does not always detect problems. It may not detect them fast enough; it runs during calls to malloc and free. Language Page 21 Validity checking methods Tuesday, October 23, 2012 11:49 AM Two prevalent windows validity checking methods: electric fence (efence) valgrind Language Page 22 What valgrind does Wednesday, October 24, 2012 2:53 PM What valgrind does Take over malloc (replace its dynamic library) Implement primitive storage descriptors for malloc blocks Set traps for poor programming style Array references out of range. Accessing previously freed storage. Monitor the traps for common programming mistakes. Stop as soon as possible after an error is found. Language Page 23 So, why use Java? Wednesday, October 24, 2012 3:02 PM So, why use Java? Bad news: 10x slower. Good news: the problems that valgrind discovers simply disappear and cannot happen by construction. Language Page 24 Java references versus C pointers Wednesday, October 24, 2012 3:03 PM Java references versus C pointers C pointers Java references Ambiguous: can Unambiguous: used for one point to scalar or kind of thing. array Can be cast to One type, set at any type compilation time Can point to Constrained by the invalid locations language to only point to valid locations (or null) No concept of Range checking is practical range checking No concept of Runtime knowledge of type storage through storage descriptors descriptors Language Page 25 The java allocation model Tuesday, October 23, 2012 11:42 AM The java allocation model Allocate structures of specific types Document type of each object in a storage descriptor Discover memory that is no longer needed by "mark and sweep" or "access counting". Automatically free unreferenced storage. Language Page 26 What is a storage descriptor? Tuesday, October 23, 2012 11:48 AM What is a storage descriptor? Information that is recorded when operator new is called in java. For example: int a[] = new int[10]; Storage descriptor contains: Type of storage object. Length of storage object. Types of sub-components (as applicable). Storage descriptors have several effects: Can determine which storage objects are active: these have valid pointers to them.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 More on Type Checking Type Checking Done at Compile Time Is
    More on Type Checking Type Checking done at compile time is said to be static type checking. Type Checking done at run time is said to be dynamic type checking. Dynamic type checking is usually performed immediately before the execution of a particular operation. Dynamic type checking is usually implemented by storing a type tag in each data object that indicates the data type of the object. Dynamic type checking languages include SNOBOL4, LISP, APL, PERL, Visual BASIC, Ruby, and Python. Dynamic type checking is more often used in interpreted languages, whereas static type checking is used in compiled languages. Static type checking languages include C, Java, ML, FORTRAN, PL/I and Haskell. Static and Dynamic Type Checking The choice between static and dynamic typing requires some trade-offs. Many programmers strongly favor one over the other; some to the point of considering languages following the disfavored system to be unusable or crippled. Static typing finds type errors reliably and at compile time. This should increase the reliability of delivered program. However, programmers disagree over how common type errors are, and thus what proportion of those bugs which are written would be caught by static typing. Static typing advocates believe programs are more reliable when they have been type-checked, while dynamic typing advocates point to distributed code that has proven reliable and to small bug databases. The value of static typing, then, presumably increases as the strength of the type system is inc reased. Advocates of languages such as ML and Haskell have suggested that almost all bugs can be considered type errors, if the types used in a program are sufficiently well declared by the programmer or inferred by the compiler.
    [Show full text]
  • Concepts in Programming Languages Supervision 1 – 18/19 V1 Supervisor: Joe Isaacs (Josi2)
    Concepts in Programming Languages Supervision 1 { 18/19 v1 Supervisor: Joe Isaacs (josi2). All work should be submitted in PDF form 24 hours before the supervision to the email [email protected], ideally written in LATEX. If you have any questions on the course please include these at the top of the supervision work and we can talk about them in the supervision. Note: there is a revision guide http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/teaching/1718/ConceptsPL/RG. pdf for this course. 1. What is the different between a static and dynamic typing. Give with justification which languages and static or dynamic. 2. What is the different between strong and weak typing. 3. What is type safety. How are type safety and type soundness distinct? 4. What type system does LISP have what are the basic types?, where have you seen a similar type system before. 5. What is a abstract machine, why are they useful? Where have you seen or used them before? 6. Name at least six different function calling schemes and which languages use each of them. 7. Give an overview of block-structured languages, include which ideas were first introduced in a programming language and how they influenced each other. Making sure to list the main characteristics of each language. You should talk about three distinct languages, then for each language make sure to make distinctions between different version of each language. Make a timeline using pen and paper or a diagram tool. 8. Using the type inference algorithm given in the notes (a typing checker with constraints) find the most general type for fn x ) fn y ) y x 9.
    [Show full text]
  • From Perl to Python
    From Perl to Python Fernando Pineda 140.636 Oct. 11, 2017 version 0.1 3. Strong/Weak Dynamic typing The notion of strong and weak typing is a little murky, but I will provide some examples that provide insight most. Strong vs Weak typing To be strongly typed means that the type of data that a variable can hold is fixed and cannot be changed. To be weakly typed means that a variable can hold different types of data, e.g. at one point in the code it might hold an int at another point in the code it might hold a float . Static vs Dynamic typing To be statically typed means that the type of a variable is determined at compile time . Type checking is done by the compiler prior to execution of any code. To be dynamically typed means that the type of variable is determined at run-time. Type checking (if there is any) is done when the statement is executed. C is a strongly and statically language. float x; int y; # you can define your own types with the typedef statement typedef mytype int; mytype z; typedef struct Books { int book_id; char book_name[256] } Perl is a weakly and dynamically typed language. The type of a variable is set when it's value is first set Type checking is performed at run-time. Here is an example from stackoverflow.com that shows how the type of a variable is set to 'integer' at run-time (hence dynamically typed). $value is subsequently cast back and forth between string and a numeric types (hence weakly typed).
    [Show full text]
  • Principles of Programming Languages
    David Liu Principles of Programming Languages Lecture Notes for CSC324 (Version 2.1) Department of Computer Science University of Toronto principles of programming languages 3 Many thanks to Alexander Biggs, Peter Chen, Rohan Das, Ozan Erdem, Itai David Hass, Hengwei Guo, Kasra Kyanzadeh, Jasmin Lantos, Jason Mai, Sina Rezaeizadeh, Ian Stewart-Binks, Ivan Topolcic, Anthony Vandikas, Lisa Zhang, and many anonymous students for their helpful comments and error-spotting in earlier versions of these notes. Dan Zingaro made substantial contributions to this version of the notes. Contents Prelude: The Study of Programming Languages 7 Programs and programming languages 7 Models of computation 11 A paradigm shift in you 14 Course overview 15 1 Functional Programming: Theory and Practice 17 The baseline: “universal” built-ins 18 Function expressions 18 Function application 19 Function purity 21 Name bindings 22 Lists and structural recursion 26 Pattern-matching 28 Higher-order functions 35 Programming with abstract syntax trees 42 Undefined programs and evaluation order 44 Lexical closures 50 Summary 56 6 david liu 2 Macros, Objects, and Backtracking 57 Object-oriented programming: a re-introduction 58 Pattern-based macros 61 Objects revisited 74 The problem of self 78 Manipulating control flow I: streams 83 Manipulating control flow II: the ambiguous operator -< 87 Continuations 90 Using continuations in -< 93 Using choices as subexpressions 94 Branching choices 98 Towards declarative programming 101 3 Type systems 109 Describing type systems 110
    [Show full text]
  • CS442 Module 4: Types
    CS442 Module 4: Types University of Waterloo Winter 2021 1 Getting Stuck In Module 2, we studied the λ-calculus as a model for programming. We showed how many of the elements of “real-world” programming languages can be built from λ-expressions. But, because these “real-world” constructs were all modelled as λ-expressions, we can combine them in any way we like without regard for “what makes sense”. When we added semantics, in Module 3, we also added direct (“primitive”) semantic implementations of particular patterns, such as booleans, rather than expressing them directly as λ-expressions. That change introduces a similar problem: what happens when you try to use a primitive in a way that makes no sense? For instance, what happens if we try to add two lists as if they were numbers? Well, let’s work out an example that tries to do that, using the semantics of AOE, plus numbers and lists, from Module 3, and the expression (+ (cons 1 (cons 2 empty)) (cons 3 (cons 4 empty))): • The only semantic rule for + that matches is to reduce the first argument. After several steps, it reduces to [1, 2], so our expression is now (+ [1, 2] (cons 3 (cons 4 empty))). • The rule for + to reduce the first argument no longer matches, because the first argument is not reducible. But, the rule to reduce the second argument doesn’t match, because the first argument is not a number1. No rules match, so we can reduce no further. What happens next? The answer is that nothing happens next! There’s no semantic rule that matches the current state of our program, so we can’t take another step.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficient Data Representation in Polymorphic Languages
    1 Efficient data representation in polymorphic languages Xavier Leroy INRIA Rocquencourt, France Abstract Languages with polymorphic types (e.g. ML) have traditionally been imple- mented using Lisp-like data representations—everything has to fit in one word, if necessary by being heap-allocated and handled through a pointer. The reason is that, in contrast with conventional statically-typed languages such as Pascal, it is not possible to assign one unique type to each expression at compile-time, an absolute requirement for using more efficient representations (e.g. unallocated multi-word values). In this paper, we show how to take advantage of the static polymorphic typing to mix correctly two styles of data representation in the imple- mentation of a polymorphic language: specialized, efficient representations are used when types are fully known at compile-time; uniform, Lisp-like representations are used otherwise. 1 Introduction Most programming languages include some kind of type system. Among the numerous motivations for using a type system, I shall focus on two main goals: 1- to make programs safer, and 2- to allow for better compilation. The first concern is to ensure data integrity in programs. Many operations are mean- ingless when they are performed on values of the wrong kind, such as, for instance, ap- plying a boolean as if it was a function. In these cases, the results are either meaningless, unpredictable values, or a hardware fault. One of the aims of a type system is to prevent such run-time type errors. From this standpoint, typing can be either static (performed at compile-time), or dynamic (performed at run-time, just before type-constrained oper- ations).
    [Show full text]
  • An Object-Oriented Approach
    INSTRUCTIONAL WEB SITES DESIGN: AN OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH. A Dissertation Presented by THOMAS ZSCHOCKE Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May 2002 Center for International Education Department of Educational Policy, Research and Administration School of Education © Copyright by Thomas Zschocke 2002 All Rights Reserved INSTRUCTIONAL WEB SITES DESIGN: AN OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH. A Dissertation Presented by THOMAS ZSCHOCKE Approved as to style and content by: Robert J. Miltz, Chair George E. Forman, Member Miguel Romero, Member D. Nico Spinelli, Member Bailey W. Jackson, Dean School of Education ABSTRACT INSTRUCTIONAL WEB SITES DESIGN: AN OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH. MAY 2002 THOMAS ZSCHOCKE, DIPLOM-SOZIALPÄDAGOGE, UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES COLOGNE, GERMANY M.A., UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE, GERMANY Ed.D. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Robert F. Miltz The great variety of authoring activities involved in the development of Web- based learning environments requires a more comprehensive integration of principles and strategies not only from instructional design, but also from other disciplines such as human-computer interaction and software engineering. The present dissertation addresses this issue by proposing an object-oriented instructional design (OOID) model based on Tennyson's fourth generation instructional systems development (ISD4) model. It incorporates object-oriented analysis and design methods from human-computer interaction (HCI) and software engineering into a single framework for Internet use in education. Introducing object orientation into the instructional design of distributed hypermedia learning environments allows for an enhanced utilization of so-called learning objects that can be used, re-used or referenced during technology-mediated instruction.
    [Show full text]
  • Handout B: Type Systems
    Handout B: Type Systems Christoph Reichenbach November 21, 2019 Type systems are a central part of modern programming languages: they describe constraints over the possible values that an expression may evaluate to, and sometimes even more advanced properties, such as whether the evaluation may abort with exceptional behaviour, again expressed as constraints. These constraints allow programming language implementers to prevent costly bugs, or at least to make these bugs easier to catch and understand. Thus, type systems can contribute greatly to the Robustness, but also the Readability of programming languages. In addition to these improvements in error reporting, certain type systems can allow language implementers to decrease the runtime cost (and sometimes the compile-time cost) of the language. However, there is a considerable degree of variation between the way in which dierent languages handle types, even among languages that we today consider modern, like Scala, Python, or Rust. Some- thing that may be entirely legal in one programming language may violate the rules of the type system in another language. For example, the C type system allows the following assignment, whereas the exact same assignment is illegal in Java1: i n t x = ( i n t ) "Hello , World"; More insidiously, the following code is valid both in Scala and JavaScript: var r e s u l t = " foo " ∗ 2 ; However, in Scala the code produces a character string ("foofoo"), whereas in JavaScript it produces a number. In the following, we will look into what types and type systems are, and into the main concepts underlying them. 1 Types Very abstractly speaking, type systems are systems that relate the three concepts of types, expressions, and values to each other and describe rules for ensuring some form of correctness.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Studies of Six Programming Languages
    Comparative Studies of Six Programming Languages Zakaria Alomari Oualid El Halimi Kaushik Sivaprasad Chitrang Pandit Concordia University Concordia University Concordia University Concordia University Montreal, Canada Montreal, Canada Montreal, Canada Montreal, Canada [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Comparison of programming languages is a common topic of discussion among software engineers. Multiple programming languages are designed, specified, and implemented every year in order to keep up with the changing programming paradigms, hardware evolution, etc. In this paper we present a comparative study between six programming languages: C++, PHP, C#, Java, Python, VB ; These languages are compared under the characteristics of reusability, reliability, portability, availability of compilers and tools, readability, efficiency, familiarity and expressiveness. 1. Introduction: Programming languages are fascinating and interesting field of study. Computer scientists tend to create new programming language. Thousand different languages have been created in the last few years. Some languages enjoy wide popularity and others introduce new features. Each language has its advantages and drawbacks. The present work provides a comparison of various properties, paradigms, and features used by a couple of popular programming languages: C++, PHP, C#, Java, Python, VB. With these variety of languages and their widespread use, software designer and programmers should to be aware
    [Show full text]
  • Static Typing, Type Checking Is Performed at Compile Time
    Type Systems As a programmer, you need a basic understanding of type systems. A type system is a collection of rules that assign a property called a type to the various constructs (variables, expressions, methods etc.) that comprise a computer program. The main goals of type systems are: 1. Reduce bugs 2. Make code more readable 3. Enable compiler optimisations We’ll explore these in later slides Different languages take very different approaches to types. We’ll mainly consider the Java and Ruby type systems. 1 What is a type? The type of something tells you what what you can do with it, for example: Type Available Operations football kick, head, sit on, spin on finger house live in, paint, buy, sell… dentist fill tooth, extract tooth, pay, … So you know that you can spin a football on your finger, but you probably shouldn’t do that to a dentist or a house. 2 Gary Larson on Static Types Types in Programming Languages When you give a variable a type, you are saying how is should be used, e.g. (Java): int count; count is of type integer ... count = 5; assign count an integer, ok! .. if (count == 20){ compare integer to integer, ok! } If you try to misuse the variable, the compiler complains: if (count == “fifteen”){ compare integer to string, } type mis-match error! 4 Types help prevent bugs When you give a variable a type, the system can check that it is subsequently used correctly in accordance with its type. This means that type errors are prevented — so a whole range of bugs are avoided.
    [Show full text]
  • Iphone Programming
    Mobile Applications and Services FALL 2013 - iOS basics Navid Nikaein Mobile Communication Department This work is licensed under a CC attribution Share-Alike 3.0 Unported license. What do you need? . Mac OS X 10.5 or above . Notions on OO programming (Objective C) . iOS SDK (Free, registration required) . iOS Dev License (Optional) Student Program: Free Individual Program: $99 Enterprise Program: $399 . An iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad (Optional) ©Navid Nikaein 2013 2 iOS Smart Mobile Devices . iOS 7 . Multi Touch Display (1.136x640) . Storage 8-64 GB . Processor M7 /A7 64 bits, A6, A5 . Graphics Power VR . Memory 1GB DDR2 . Connectivity Secondary USB 2.0 Applications GSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSDPA/LTE Wifi 802.11 b/g/n BT Assisted GPS . Double Camera: 8 MP & 1.2MP Primary . HD Audio/VIDEO Applications . Power 3.8 V . Weight 112g ©Navid Nikaein 2013 3 Platform Components . iOS SDK / Tools . Language . Frameworks . Design Strategies ©Navid Nikaein 2013 4 Platform Component - iOS SDK . Tools: .m, .h .nib Xcode Text editor, Debugger & Compiler Interface Builder (UI) storyborad .xib Creates user interface (xml) Instruments (profiler ) Optimize the application Dash Code Create web applications for Safari iOS Simulator (Code-Build-Debug) Dtrace, NSZombies, Guard Mallloc Reference Library ©Navid Nikaein 2013 5 Xcode ©Navid Nikaein 2013 6 App Development Process . Who are your audience ? . What is the purpose of your app? . What problem your app trying to solve? . What content your app incorporate? ©Navid Nikaein 2013 7 Next step . After you have a concept for your app, designing a good user interface is the next step to creating a successful app Storyboard, views ,… Define the interaction Implementing the behaviours ©Navid Nikaein 2013 8 Platform Component - iOS Language .
    [Show full text]
  • MMP SS 2013 Vorlesung 1
    Multimedia-Programmierung! Vorlesung: Alexander De Luca! Folien: Heinrich Hußmann! Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München! Sommersemester 2013! ! Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München !Prof. Hußmann !Multimedia-Programmierung – 1 - 1 ! Deutsch und Englisch! •" Im Hauptstudium sind viele aktuelle Materialien nur in englischer Sprache verfügbar.! •" Programmiersprachen basieren auf englischem Vokabular.! •" Austausch von Materialien zwischen Lehre und Forschung scheitert oft an der deutschen Sprache.! •" Konsequenz:! –" Die wichtigsten Lehrmaterialien zu dieser Vorlesung (v.a. Folien) sind in englischer Sprache gehalten!! –" Der Unterricht findet (noch?) in deutscher Sprache statt. ! Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München !Prof. Hußmann !Multimedia-Programmierung – 1 - 2 ! Multimedia Programming! •" Multimedia Programming:! –" Creating programs which make use of “rich media” # (images, sound, animation, video)! •" Key issue in multimedia programming: mixture of skills! –" Programmers are not interested in creative design! –" Designers are intimidated by programming! •" Mainstream solution in industry:! –" Multimedia runtime system, plus authoring tool, plus scripts# (e.g. Adobe Flash & MS Silverlight)! •" Questions (to be covered in this lecture):! –" Which ways exist to bridge between creative design and programming?! »" Different platforms and tools! »" Which tool to chose for which purpose?! –" What is the most efficient way of developing multimedia applications?! »" Which techniques exist to make multimedia programming easier?! »" What
    [Show full text]