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Hong Kong GNSS infrastructure for surveying and navigation, and environment monitoring Wu Chen Department of Land Surveying and Geoinformatics Hong Kong Polytechnic University Email: [email protected] © 2015 Hong Kong R&D Centre for Logistics and Supply Chain Management Enabling Technologies. All rights reserved. Background 1. GPS revolutionize the concepts of positioning/navigation/timing (PNT) 2. GPS has become an important infrastructure to support economic development – Military – Transportation – Telecommunication – Space Industry – Finance – Location Based Services – Surveying – Weather forecasting – Scientific researches 3 Background • International Developments – Augmentation systems • To improve performance of GPS – Accuracy, Integrity, Coverage • Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) – WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, QZSS, GAGAN, …. • Ground Based Augmentation systems (GBAS) – Other Independent GNSS systems • GLONASS (Russian) • Compass (Beidou, China) • Galileo (Europe) • IRNSS (India) 4 Background • GNSS Based Services – Global Services • GPS, GLONASS, Beidou (III), Galilieo – Regional Services • Compass (II), IRNSS • Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) – WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, QZSS, GAGAN, …. – Local Services • Ground Based Augmentation systems (GBAS) (Aviation) • DGPS Services (Marine) • GNSS RTK Network (Surveying) 5 GNSS Development in Hong Kong Lands Department GNSS control network “SatRef” Network (12 stations) Marine Department DGPS system for marine navigation Automatic Identification System (AIS) for port management Airport Authority Considering a GBAS system for landing Hong Kong Polytechnic University 20 year research on GNSS technologies GNSS ionosphere monitoring network Spatial water vapour distribution in Pearl Delta region 6 HK GNSS Reference Network （SatRef） 7 Hong Kong Land-based Automatic Identification system (AIS) • Established in 2003 • 6 land AIS stations to cover HK water • Provide DGPS correction • Also – A DGPS beacon covers 150 nmi 8 Hong Kong Airport 9 Problems identified 1. HK SatRef has been established for many years, but the users are mainly surveyors 2. SatRef was based GPS only, need to be enhanced with multiple GNSS to improve performance and reliability 3. Hong Kong suffers from ionosphere anomaly effects 4. High rise buildings in urban area: strong multipath and low availability 10 Develop an GNSS based infrastructure to support Economic Development in HK 1. Develop multiple PNT services to support Hong Kong economic development and for the public to obtain reliable and accurate positioning data at low cost 2. Utilizing multiple GNSS positioning systems (i.e. GPS, Beidou, GLONASS), together with ground based augmentation systems, to solve urban positioning problem, and to provide reliable and secured positioning services 3. Develop better algorithms and models to improve positioning performance under the disturbances of ionosphere to improve accuracy and reliability of PNT services 4. Real-time Ionosphere Monitoring to support GNSS integrity and DGNSS services 5. 3D Water Vapour observation for weather forecasting 11 System Architecture for DGNSS GLONASS GPS Beidou Reference Poles GNSS observation Measurements or GPS enabled NMEA Data Mobile Device RTCM Correction Data (∆X, ∆Y, ∆Z) Server Platform Lands Department Logistic Application Active GNSS network 12 Mobile phones Tested • Samsung Galaxy S5: GPS/GLO/Beidou • Samsung Galaxy tab: GPS/GLO/Beidou • Huawei: GPS • LG: GPS/GLO • HTC: GPS/GLO 13 Galaxy S5 1640 1630 1620 1610 N(m) 1600 1590 Pos err (m) RTK 0.0 Mobile 3.7 DGNSS 1.3 1580 3860 3870 3880 3890 3900 3910 3920 E(m) 14 Hua Wei 1640 1630 1620 1610 N(m) 1600 1590 Pos err (m) RTK 0.0 Mobile 4.1 DGNSS 2.3 1580 3860 3870 3880 3890 3900 3910 3920 E(m) 15 16 Reliable 3D RTK services • Platform of multiple GNSS to support RTK centimeter positioning – Establish an multiple GNSS network (include GPS/Beidou/…) – Provide reliable RTK positioning service – High quality geoid height at user site – Support single-frequency RTK Other users Multiple GNSS server network 17 Concept of GNSS heighting 18 Gravity Survey Arrangement • Gravity Survey: 635 points (46 old gravity points) • GPS/levelling control points: 136 points • Evaluation of gravity survey results: 69 check points, accuracy is 0.02mgal 19 Nam Height Control Points Shan Ngau Tam Mei Pyramid Hill So Kwun Wat Tai Mo Shan Buffalo Hill Lin Fa Shan 20 Gravity Points in 1990 21 Gravity Points in 2015 22 Gravity Survey 23 Multiple GNSS Systems GPS only: 12 GPS+GLONASS+Beidou: 33 24 GNSS Positioning in difficult environments Distance (mm) Height (mm) BeiDou - - GLONASS with BeiDou - - GPS - - GPS with BeiDou 4 -98 GPS with GLONASS 761 -79 25 Field Experiments GPS/GLONASS GPS/Beidou/ GLONASS 27 Spatial distribution of water vapor 28 Electron Density Distribution in HK • Reconstructed electron density distributions on 1 March 2011 (12:00 LT and 14:00 LT ) Electron Density Distributions over Hong Kong Date:March 1, 2001 Local Time: 12:00-13:00 Electron Density Unit: Ne/cm-3 Electron Density Distributions over Hong Kong Date:March 1, 2001 Local Time: 14:00-15:00 Electron Density Unit: Ne/cm-3 4.2559e+006 4.2559e+006 200.00 200.00 300.00 3.42283e+006 300.00 3.42283e+006 400.00 400.00 2.58976e+006 2.58976e+006 500.00 500.00 Height (km) 600.00 Height (km) 600.00 1.75668e+006 1.75668e+006 700.00 700.00 800.00 800.00 923609 923609 900.00 900.00 14.50 17.00 19.50 22.00 24.50 27.00 29.50 32.00 14.50 17.00 19.50 22.00 24.50 27.00 29.50 32.00 latitude (degree) latitude (degree) 29 Characteristics of scintillations in Hong Kong — Hourly amplitude scintillation (S4) Hourly occurrence index: ROTI > 0.5 TECu/min (existence of ionospheric irregularities) H TECu/min 1000 4 10 4 3 900 9 3 2 800 8 2 1 700 1 7 12 600 12 6 11 500 11 5 Month Month 10 10 400 4 9 9 300 3 8 8 200 2 7 7 100 1 6 Frequent nighttime scintillations 6 ROTI enhancement 0 0 5 5 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Local Time (hour) Local Time (hour) 30 Summary: Hong Kong GNSS Infrastructure • Develop DGNSS services for HK – Correction accuracy < 0.5 m – Mobilephone ~ 2 m • Develop high precision HK Geoid model – Accuracy ~ 1 cm • Develop Multiple GNSS RTK service – Accuracy ~ 1-2 cm (3D) • Real-time Ionosphere monitoring – Support DGNSS (accuracy and integrity) • Real-time 3D water vapour observation 31 Thank you 32.
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    ENR 5.5-1 AIP HONG KONG 1 July 2010 ENR 5.5 AERIAL SPORTING AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES 1. Paragliding Activities 1.1 Paragliding activities are frequently carried out in the following areas of the CTR Zones and UCARAs (see chart at ENR 5.5-4) during daylight hours: Operating Name Location UTM Grid Altitude a Long Ke Wan Sai Kung East SFC – 1000’ KK291769 Country Park, AMSL KK302776 UCARA Port Shelter KK305754 KK300753 b Pak Tam Au Sai Kung East Country SFC – 2000’ KK227836 Park, AMSL KK236860 UCARA Tolo KK299829 KK295815 KK254819 KK231827 c Pat Sin Pat Sin Leng SFC – 2500’ KK084872 Country Park; AMSL KK093899 UCARA New Town KK127897 KK154892 KK154872 KK094870 d Pyramid Hill Ma On Shan SFC – 2000’ KK152778 Plateau Country Park AMSL KK160797 UCARA New Town KK172795 KK164775 KK152769 e Pyramid Hill Ma On Shan SFC – 2500’ KK142755 Ridge Country Park, AMSL KK152778 UCARA New Town KK160797 KK172795 KK164775 KK152769 KK165809 KK182812 KK182791 KK168765 Civil Aviation Department Hong Kong ENR 5.5-2 1 July 2010 AIP HONG KONG Operating Name Location UTM Grid Altitude f Sai Wan Sai Kung East SFC – 1000’ KK285786 Country Park, AMSL KK286800 UCARA Port Shelter KK296797 KK295781 g Shek O Hong Kong Island, SFC – 1300’ KK167583 CTR Island Zone AMSL KK150633 KK162637 KK171586 h South Lantau Lantau South SFC – 2000’ HE050615 East Country Park, AMSL HE072622 CTR Lantau Zone HE062648 HE047644 then the footpath south of Sunset Peak, along the ridge to 350m, then direct to Cheung Sha Beach. i South Lantau Lantau South SFC – 2000’ HE019605 West Country Park, AMSL GE999600 CTR Lantau Zone GE999627 HE018633 then along the ridge from Lantau Peak to Tong Fuk.
  • Sai Kung: the Leisure Garden of Hong Kong Home Affairs Department

    Sai Kung: the Leisure Garden of Hong Kong Home Affairs Department

    Sai Kung: The leisure garden of Hong Kong Home Affairs Department WITH its rich variety of flora and fauna, steeped in centuries old cultural heritage, it is no wonder Sai Kung is known as the ‘Garden of Hong Kong.’ Located in the South East New Territories development region, Sai Kung District comprises Sai Kung Town, Sai Kung rural areas, Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O New Town and more than 70 islands of various sizes. It offers a blend of rustic and rural charm with modern amenities. With a total area of 12,620 hectares, it is the second largest administrative district in Hong Kong. The current population of Sai Kung is around 330,000, most of whom live in the Tseung Kwan O New Town. Food Paradise Sai Kung has deservedly won both local and international acclaim for its fine seafood cuisine. In true Chinese desire for fresh food, the restaurants along the waterfront’s Sai Kung Hoi Pong Street feature an aquarium-like display for dinners to choose from a wide variety of live, colourful fish and crustaceans for their meal. The seafood delicacies alone attract a great number of local and foreign tourists, making it perhaps the most popular tourist spot in Sai Kung Town, if not Hong Kong. In further efforts to attract tourists to Sai Kung, the District Board has held an annual Sai Kung Seafood Festival since 1992 as part of the Food Festival organised by the Hong Kong Tourism Board. Beautification projects currently underway at Sai Kung Hoi Pong Street include the construction of a Chinese style arch, seven metres tall and eight metres wide; resurfacing of the pedestrian walkway with floor tiles of different shapes and colours to form eye-catching waterfront.