The Interplay of Various Scandinavian Mathematical Journals (1859–1953) and the Road Towards Internationalization
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The History of the Abel Prize and the Honorary Abel Prize the History of the Abel Prize
The History of the Abel Prize and the Honorary Abel Prize The History of the Abel Prize Arild Stubhaug On the bicentennial of Niels Henrik Abel’s birth in 2002, the Norwegian Govern- ment decided to establish a memorial fund of NOK 200 million. The chief purpose of the fund was to lay the financial groundwork for an annual international prize of NOK 6 million to one or more mathematicians for outstanding scientific work. The prize was awarded for the first time in 2003. That is the history in brief of the Abel Prize as we know it today. Behind this government decision to commemorate and honor the country’s great mathematician, however, lies a more than hundred year old wish and a short and intense period of activity. Volumes of Abel’s collected works were published in 1839 and 1881. The first was edited by Bernt Michael Holmboe (Abel’s teacher), the second by Sophus Lie and Ludvig Sylow. Both editions were paid for with public funds and published to honor the famous scientist. The first time that there was a discussion in a broader context about honoring Niels Henrik Abel’s memory, was at the meeting of Scan- dinavian natural scientists in Norway’s capital in 1886. These meetings of natural scientists, which were held alternately in each of the Scandinavian capitals (with the exception of the very first meeting in 1839, which took place in Gothenburg, Swe- den), were the most important fora for Scandinavian natural scientists. The meeting in 1886 in Oslo (called Christiania at the time) was the 13th in the series. -
EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ROBIN WILSON Department of Pure Mathematics the Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK E-Mail: [email protected]
CONTENTS EDITORIAL TEAM EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ROBIN WILSON Department of Pure Mathematics The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK e-mail: [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS VASILE BERINDE Department of Mathematics, University of Baia Mare, Romania e-mail: [email protected] NEWSLETTER No. 47 KRZYSZTOF CIESIELSKI Mathematics Institute March 2003 Jagiellonian University Reymonta 4 EMS Agenda ................................................................................................. 2 30-059 Kraków, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Editorial by Sir John Kingman .................................................................... 3 STEEN MARKVORSEN Department of Mathematics Executive Committee Meeting ....................................................................... 4 Technical University of Denmark Building 303 Introducing the Committee ............................................................................ 7 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] An Answer to the Growth of Mathematical Knowledge? ............................... 9 SPECIALIST EDITORS Interview with Vagn Lundsgaard Hansen .................................................. 15 INTERVIEWS Steen Markvorsen [address as above] Interview with D V Anosov .......................................................................... 20 SOCIETIES Krzysztof Ciesielski [address as above] Israel Mathematical Union ......................................................................... 25 EDUCATION Tony Gardiner -
Julius Petersen Annotated Bibliography
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Discrete Mathematics 100 (1992) 83-97 83 North-Holland Julius Petersen annotated bibliography Margit Christiansen Odense Mathematical Library, Odense University, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark Jesper Liitzen Department of Mathematics, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Gert Sabidussi Dkpartement de math6matiques et de statbtique, Universit6 de Montr&al, Montrt!al, Qut?, Canada HX Y7 Bjarne Toft Mathematics and Computer Science, Odense University, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark Received 1 June 1990 Revised 15 December 1991 Abstract Christiansen, M., J. Liitzen, G. Sabidussi and B. Toft, Julius Petersen annotated bibliography, Discrete Mathematics 100 (1992) 83-97. This is the first comprehensive bibliography of Julius Petersen’s papers and books, covering not only his mathematical works, but also his contributions to economics, social science, physics and education. This bibliography is compiled from various sources, among them the biblio- graphy by Niels Nielsen (Matematikken i Danmark 1801-1908, Gyldendal 1910), J.C. Poggendorff’s Biogruphisch-Litterurisches Hundwiirterbuch zur Geschichte der Exucten Wissenschuften (Leipzig 1898, 1904), Dunsk Bogfortegnelse, and the catalogue of the Royal Library in Copenhagen. In addition, the following journals have been checked in detail for Petersen papers (however there may be contributions elsewhere that we have not come across): Actu Muthemuticu, American Journal of Mathematics, Det Nittende Aurhundrede, Forhundlinger ved de Skundinuviske Nuturforskeres M@de, Intermkdiure des Mutht?muticiens, Journal fiir die reine und ungewundte Muthemutik, Muthemutische Annulen, Nuchrichten von der Kiiniglichen Gesellschuft der Wissenschuften und der Georg-August- Universittit zu Giittingen (G&ringer Nuchrichten), Nutionul#konomisk Tidsskrift, Nyt Dunsk Muunedsskrift, Nyt Tidsskrift for Mutemutik, Nouvelles An&es de Muthkmutiques, Tidsskrift for Muthemutik. -
Around Caspar Wesse L and the Geometric Representation of Complex Numbers
Around Caspar Wesse l and the Geometric Representation of Complex Numbers Proceedings of the Wessel Symposiu m at The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letter s Copenhagen, August 1145 1998 Invited Papers Edited by Jesper Lützen Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser 46:2 Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selska b The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters Commission Agent: C .A. Reitzels Forlag Copenhagen 2001 Abstract On March 10 1797 the Norwegian surveyor Caspar Wessel presented an essay On the Analytical Representation of Direction to The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in which he described the geometric representa- tion of complex numbers that has since become standard . The paper was printed in the Academy's Journal two years later. In order to celebrate the 200th anniversary of this event the Academy arranged a Wessel Symposiu m on August 11-15 1998 . The contributions to the present volume are based on invited papers presented on that occasion . Their subjects range over a variety of historical themes related to Wessel and his family, to Wessel's wor k as a surveyor, to the geometric representation of complex numbers, and to the emergence of hyper-complex numbers . JESPER LÜTZEN Department of Mathematic s University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø lutzen©math .ku .dk © Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 200 1 Printed in Denmark by Special-Trykkeriet Viborg a-s ISSN 0023-3323 . ISBN 87-7876-236-7 MflVI 46:2 1 Contents Preface 3 The Wessel family The naval hero Peter Tordenskiold & the Wessel famil y by Hans Christian Bjerg 5 Johan Herman Wesse l by Bjorn Linnestad 1 9 Technology Transfer to Denmark Thomas Bugge's journal of a voyage through Germany, Holland an d England, 1777 by Kurt Moller Pedersen 29 English instrument makers observed by predatory Dane s by Dan Ch. -
234329 FULLTEXT01.Pdf (2.508Mb)
Efficient simulation of network performance by importance sampling Poul E. Heegaard Submitted to the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor Ingeniør, May 1998. ii iii To Kristine, Helene and Solveig iv Abstract Simulation is a flexible means for assessment of the quality of service offered by a tele- communication system. However, when very strict requirements are put on the quality of service, the simulation becomes inefficient because the performance depends on rare events to occur. A rare event is, for instance, a cell loss or a system breakdown. A simu- lation technique that speeds up the experiments must be added. Various techniques are known from the literature and they should be combined to achieve additional speedups. The most efficient speedup techniques for systems dependent on rare events, are impor- tance sampling and RESTART. The importance sampling technique is very sensitive to the change of the underlying sim- ulation process. This is denoted the biasing of the simulation parameters. In this thesis, explicit expressions of the variance of importance sampling estimates and the likelihood ratio are developed for an M/M/1/N queue. The study of how the variance expressions vary as the biasing changes, demonstrates that the importance sampling is very efficient in a narrow region, and that the variance is unbounded outside. It is also observed that, seemingly, the likelihood ratio and its variance may be used as an indication of the accu- racy of simulation results, in combination with the variance of the estimate itself. Neither importance sampling nor RESTART are easily applied to multidimensional mod- els, e.g. -
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CONTENTS EDITORIAL TEAM EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ROBIN WILSON Department of Pure Mathematics The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK e-mail: [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS STEEN MARKVORSEN Department of Mathematics Technical University of Denmark NEWSLETTER No. 43 Building 303 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark March 2002 e-mail: [email protected] KRZYSZTOF CIESIELSKI Mathematics Institute EMS Agenda ................................................................................................. 2 Jagiellonian University Reymonta 4 Editorial ........................................................................................................ 3 30-059 Kraków, Poland e-mail: [email protected] Executive Committee Meeting – Brussels ...................................................... 4 KATHLEEN QUINN The Open University [address as above] e-mail: [email protected] EMS News ..................................................................................................... 7 SPECIALIST EDITORS INTERVIEWS EMS-SIAM Conference .................................................................................. 8 Steen Markvorsen [address as above] SOCIETIES Aniversary - Niels Henrik Abel ................................................................... 12 Krzysztof Ciesielski [address as above] EDUCATION Interview - Sir John Kingman...................................................................... 14 Tony Gardiner University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT, UK Interview - Sergey P. Novikov -
Donald Knuth
TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4 249 Donald Knuth: All questions answered When you came here in 1972, you gave a proof University of Oslo, 30 August 2002 that Norway should not become a member of the European Union. [laughter] Tom Lyche: It is a great pleasure for me to in- DEK: yeah, yeah, yeah . troduce Professor Donald Knuth. Professor Knuth Lyche: Is this proof still valid? is a Professor Emeritus in The Art of Computer Programming at Stanford University. He is one of DEK: [laughs] Okay, very good question, Tom. Yes, the leading researchers in computer science, and has I came, and I gave a tongue-in-cheek lecture — it was made many fundamental contributions in many ar- my first lecture at the University — and I didn’t re- alize that it was something that you shouldn’t joke eas, including combinatorial algorithms and discrete 1 mathematics. His monumental books, The Art of about, because as I rode the trikk back to my apart- Computer Programming, have been seminal in com- ment, I noticed that I was moving from “Stem nei” to “Stem ja”2 country. puter science, and his typographical system TEX is used heavily, especially in journals requiring math- The idea of the lecture was really mathematical. ematical typography. It’s interesting to economists, the study of a three- He has many honors. He is a member of three way duel, where there are three players. And in national academies in the United States, and he is my presentation, if I remember correctly from 1972, a foreign associate of the French, Norwegian and there were three players; they were named Petersen, Bavarian science academies. -
Part 1. Prelude to Topology
BULLETIN (New Series) OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 00, Number 0, Pages 000{000 S 0273-0979(XX)0000-0 TOPOLOGY THROUGH THE CENTURIES: LOW DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS JOHN MILNOR Based on the Abel Lecture at the 2014 International Congress of Mathematicians in Seoul Abstract. This note will provide a lightning tour through the centuries, con- centrating on the study of manifolds of dimension 2, 3, and 4. Further com- ments and more technical details about many of the sections may be found in the Appendix. Part 1. Prelude to Topology The subject known as topology took shape in the 19th century, made dramatic progress during the 20th century, and is flourishing in the 21st. But before there was any idea of topology, there were isolated results which hinted that there should be such a field of study. 1.1. Leonhard Euler, St.Petersburg, 1736. K¨onigsberg in the 18th century Euler Perhaps the first topological statement in the mathematical literature came with Euler's solution to the problem of the Seven Bridges of K¨onigsberg: the prob- lem of taking a walk which traverses each of the seven bridges exactly once. In fact, Euler showed that no such walk is possible. The problem can be represented by 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 57N05{57N13, Secondary 01A5*, 01A6*. c 0000 (copyright holder) 1 2 JOHN MILNOR a graph, as shown below, where each land mass is represented by a dot, and each bridge by an edge. 3 Theorem. There exists a path traversing each edge of such a graph exactly once if and only if the graph has at most two ver- 5 3 tices which are \odd", in the sense that an odd number of edges meet there. -
Issue PDF (1482
CONTENTS EDITORIAL TEAM EUROPEAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ROBIN WILSON Department of Pure Mathematics The Open University Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK e-mail: [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS STEEN MARKVORSEN Department of Mathematics Technical University of Denmark Building 303 NEWSLETTER No. 35 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] KRZYSZTOF CIESIELSKI March 2000 Mathematics Institute Jagiellonian University Reymonta 4 30-059 Kraków, Poland EMS News : Committee and Agenda .................................................................. 2 e-mail: [email protected] KATHLEEN QUINN Message from the EMS President ........................................................................3 Open University [address as above] e-mail: [email protected] Editorial by Vagn Lundsgaard Hansen .............................................................. 4 SPECIALIST EDITORS INTERVIEWS Introducing the WMY2000 team ........................................................................ 5 Steen Markvorsen [address as above] SOCIETIES Interview with Lars Gårding .............................................................................. 6 Krzysztof Ciesielski [address as above] 2000 Anniversaries : Sonya Kovalevskaya ......................................................... 9 EDUCATION Vinicio Villani 2000 Anniversaries : Eugenio Beltrami ........................................................... 11 Dipartimento di Matematica Via Bounarotti, 2 Societies Corner : Dutch Mathematical Society .............................................. -
Preliminaries Chapter II: History of Knot Theory
KNOTS From combinatorics of knot diagrams to combinatorial topology based on knots Warszawa, November 30, 1984 – Bethesda, March 3, 2007 J´ozef H. Przytycki LIST OF CHAPTERS: Chapter I: Preliminaries Chapter II: History of Knot Theory This e-print. Chapter II starts at page 3 Chapter III: Conway type invariants Chapter IV: Goeritz and Seifert matrices Chapter V: Graphs and links e-print: http://arxiv.org/pdf/math.GT/0601227 Chapter VI: Fox n-colorings, Rational moves, arXiv:math/0703096v1 [math.GT] 3 Mar 2007 Lagrangian tangles and Burnside groups Chapter VII: Symmetries of links Chapter VIII: Different links with the same Jones type polynomials Chapter IX: Skein modules e-print: http://arxiv.org/pdf/math.GT/0602264 2 Chapter X: Khovanov Homology: categori- fication of the Kauffman bracket relation e-print: http://arxiv.org/pdf/math.GT/0512630 Appendix I. Appendix II. Appendix III. Introduction This book is about classical Knot Theory, that is, about the position of a circle (a knot) or of a number of disjoint circles (a link) in the space R3 or in the sphere S3. We also venture into Knot Theory in general 3-dimensional manifolds. The book has its predecessor in Lecture Notes on Knot Theory, which were published in Polish1 in 1995 [P-18]. A rough translation of the Notes (by J.Wi´sniewski) was ready by the summer of 1995. It differed from the Polish edition with the addition of the full proof of Reidemeister’s theorem. While I couldn’t find time to refine the translation and prepare the final manuscript, I was adding new material and rewriting existing chapters. -
Julius Petersen 1839-1910 a Biography
Discrete Mathematics 100 (1992) 9-82 North-Holland Julius Petersen 1839-1910 A biography Jesper Liitzen Department of Mathematics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Gert Sabidussi Dipartement de mathkmatiques et de statistique, Universiti de Mont&al, Montrkal, QuI!, Canada H3C 3J7 B jarne Toft Mathematics and Computer Science, Odense University, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark Received 1 July 1990 Revised 17 December 1991 Contents 1. The person Julius Petersen 9 2. Childhood and youth (1839-1871) 12 3. Geometric constructions (1866-1879) 14 4. The doctoral dissertation (1871) 18 5. Social and economic engagement (1871-1877) 23 6. Cryptography (1875) 28 7. The theory of algebraic equations (1877) 29 8. Docent at the Polytechnical School. Mechanics (1871-1887) 34 9. Style of exposition and method of research 37 10. Miscellaneous papers (1870-1890) 38 11. Models and instruments (1887-1895) 47 12. Invariant theory and graph theory (1888-1899) 49 13. Professor at Copenhagen University (1887-1909) 67 14. Inspector of the Learned Schools (1887-1900) 69 15. Function theory, latin squares and number theory (1888-1909) 75 16. Last years (1908-1910) 78 17. References 79 1. The person Julius Petersen The emergence of Danish mathematics on the international scene towards the end of the nineteenth century, and the dominant role played by geometry in Danish mathematical research at that period is closely linked to the work of two mathematicians, Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen and Julius Petersen. As the two professors of mathematics at Copenhagen University they set the tone of Danish mathematics for almost three decades from the 1870’s onward. -
And Earth Sciences
The Academy and the Exact and Earth Sciences One of the greatest services the Academy has rendered to the exact sciences — a term perhaps employed too narrowly in our times for astronomy, physics, chemistry and mathematics - has been to provide economic support. At first this was only slight in financial terms but often of deci sive importance; for example, the support arranged by the tireless Academy Secretary H. C. Ørsted (1777-1851), for the Danish discoverer of the law of conservation of energy, L. A. ColdinG (1815-1888). The expression “Danish discoverer” is used because this was in fact an item of basic knowledge which was brought to light roughly simultaneously in several places in Europe. Later on it was the Carlsberg Foundation, estab lished by the brewer J. C. Jacobsen (1811-1887), that was of invaluable importance for the develop ment of the exact sciences in Denmark. Many of our most influential scientists have been members of the board of this Foundation, which is elected by the Academy, and have therefore been involved in the development of research in this country far beyond their own fields. For chemistry and the associated biological sci ences in particular, the Carlsberg Laboratory, also founded by J. C. Jacobsen in 1876, has been of great significance through the strongly interna- 39 tionally-orientated research that has been, and still is, carried on there. This also applies to the Foundation’s Institute of Biology (1932). Moreover, the Academy has been of importance in maintaining a tradition within the exact sciences in this country. This is exemplified by its publica tion of Ole Rømer’s notebook, Adversaria, in 1910, edited by Thyra Eibe and Kirstine Meyer, the former being the Danish translator of Euclid.