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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83125-3 — Rethinking Chinese Politics Joseph Fewsmith Index More Information Index “Act in Accordance with Economic Bo Zhiyue, 13 Laws, Step Up the Four bourgeois liberalization, campaign Modernizations” (Hu Qiaomu), against, 54–55, 56, 69 111 bureaucracy, 2–3 agriculture Weberian, 2, 4 agricultural reforms, 36, 51, 113 bureaucratism, 27, 28 conflict around taxation and, 121–122 cadre system, 8–12 increased funding for, 98, 108 adoption of “one-level down” system All-China Women’s Federation, 20 of promotions, 117–118, 171–172 An Ziwen, 39 “charismatic impersonalism,” 5 Anti-Rightist Movements, 109 dysfunctional aspects, 12 “Authoritarian Resilience” (Nathan), effects of reform on, 115 13 high-pressure nature, 10–11 authoritarian systems institutionalization debate, 8 distinction from Leninism, 5–6 investigations and prosecutions of lack of commonality, 4 cadres, 173–174 longevity, 1, 8 Leninism’s reliance on, 15 mass incidents and, 12 Bahrain, 1 mobilization function, 10 Bai Hua, 46 promotions, 8–10 Bai Yun, 120 selection process, 28 balances Cai Qi, 164, 172 Deng Xiaoping, 43–52 Cao Gangchuan, 94, 97, 106 institutionalization and, 15–18 Carter, Jimmy, 33 Leninism and, 15 CCTV, 148 Beijing Consensus, The (Ramo), 178 Central Advisory Commission (CAC), Belgrade, Chinese embassy bombing, 41, 56, 60, 157 180 central authority, perceptions of big data, development outline, 176 decline, 131 Bo Gu, 44 Central Committee Bo Xilai, 95 adopts different form of intra-party alleged collusion, 188 democracy, 158 corruption case, 129, 131, 133, 154 critical positions, 19, 20 detention, 133 departments directly under, 19 father, 119 full members and alternates of purged from Central Committee, 168 Eighteenth Central Committee, Xi Jinping’s rivalry with, 106 168 Bo Yibo, 33, 34, 39–40, 48, 79, 113, membership, 19–20 119 military representation, 20 206 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83125-3 — Rethinking Chinese Politics Joseph Fewsmith Index More Information Index 207 Nineteenth Party Congress and death, 77, 85 makeup of, 168–170 demands rehabilitation of the Group PLA membership, 169 of 61, 33 removals from Seventeenth Central joins the CAC, 56 Committee, 168 joins the PBSC, 34, 36, 44 Central Discipline Inspection Li Peng and, 56 Commission (CDIC) political status, 44–45, 61 criticism of CYL, 9 position in the CDIC, 39 establishment and leadership, 39 support for Jiang, 68, 85, 186 function, 172 Xue Muqiao and, 50 investigates the CYL, 153 Chen Zhili, 96 investigations on centrally controlled Cheng Li, 13, 90, 96, 108 cadres, 174 Chi Haotian, 80, 82, 85, 94 merger with the MOS, 172 Chiang Kai-shek, 51, 138 role under the Xi administration, 18 Chien-wen Kou, 9 Third Plenum restoration, 34 “China Dream” Xi’s corruption campaign and, 139 history of, 138–139, 145 Xi’s political use of, 137, 143, 188 Southern Weekend editorial, 145 Central Guard, 18 China Model, The (Pan Wei), 179 Central Military Commission (CMC), Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 19 adoption of “one-level down” system Deng’s retention of chairmanship, of promotions, 117–118, 171–172 41, 57, 185 Charter formula, 175 Jiang’s resignation, 98–100 constraining norms adopted by, Jiang’s retention of chairmanship, 115 88–90, 95–96, 98, 185 decrying of ideological laxity, 146 Nineteenth Party Congress and Deng’s feelings about, 29 makeup of, 166–167 dysfunctionalities, 187 retirements, 94 history resolution, 36, 149 structural change, 106 hundredth anniversary of founding, centralized control, strengthening of, 154 175–177 impact of reform on the party system, Chang Wanquan, 106, 166 115–121 Chen Bingde, 106 norms, 17 Chen Boda, 161 organizational structure, 5 Chen Chuanping, 120, 132 political reform, 123 Chen Kuiyuan, 95 promotion regulations, 9–10 Chen Liangyu, 90, 92, 102, 108 public opinion and revival efforts, Chen Min’er, 164 126–128 Chen Shui-bian, 90 role in the “China Dream,” 138 Chen Xi, 166 “rules of the game,” 3 Chen Xilian, 34, 39 strengthening of as major theme of Chen Xitong, 79, 82, 85 Xi’s plan, 137 Chen Yixin, 170 strengthening of centralized control, Chen Yun 175–177 appeals for Deng’s return to work, township officials selection reform, 24, 30 123 “birdcage” theory of economics, 49 Xi’s domination of leadership, 168 criticisms of Deng’s leadership style, Xi’s strengthening efforts, 143–146 69 see also general secretary © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83125-3 — Rethinking Chinese Politics Joseph Fewsmith Index More Information 208 Index Chinese embassy bombing, Belgrade, Xi’s campaign against, 119, 180 139–143, 154–155, 156, 168, 171, Chinese People’s Political Consultative 188 Congress (CPPCC), 21 Xu Caihou case, 142–143, 148, Ching Cheong, 90 151–152, 155 civil society, 147 Zhou Yongkang case, 139, 140–142, class struggle, jettisoning of, 83 156 Clinton, Hillary, 133 COVID-19 pandemic, 11, 154 “color revolutions,” 98, 127, 129, 183, crime, and removal from office, 87 187 critical positions commodity, Marxist terminology, importance, 18–21 49 notion of, 18 communes Cuba, 146 formation, 109 Cultural Revolution (Great replacement by townships, 113 Proletarian), 24 Communist Party of the Soviet Union Deng Xiaoping and, 26 (CPSU), collapse, 126, 129, Mao’s mistakes, 149 143–144, 150, 156 prematurely declared over, 20 Communist Youth League (CYL) social, political and economic impact, Hu Jintao’s reliance, 13 25 promotion and, 9 custody and repatriation system, Xi leadership and, 136 abolition, 114 Xi’s approach, 153 Constitution Day, 144 Dai Xiaoming, corruption case, 141 constitutional government, scholars’ Dangdai sichao (Contemporary petition, 145 Thought) (journal), 70 corruption dangguan ganbu (party controls the Bo Xilai case, 129, 131, 133, 154 cadres), 5 CYL and, 136 Decision on Economic Structural Dai Xiaoming case, 141 Reform, 49–50 dual-track mechanism and, 52 democracy Gu Fengjie case, 131 Deng’s meaning, 26 as inevitable consequence of Leninist inappropriateness for China, 147 reform, 112 intra-party democracy, 84, 90, 124, Li Chuncheng case, 140–141 157, 158–159 Ling Jihua case, 120–121, 132–133, Deng Liqun, 45–47, 54–55, 111 142, 156 Deng Nan, 69 Liu Tienan case, 141–142 Deng Xiaoping local networks and, 125 CCP 1985 Representative Meeting, as major theme of Xi’s plan, 137 42–43 military officers charged with, concentration of power, 5 169 death, 79 “one-level down” system and, Dengist structure of power, 24–62 171–172 dismissal of the Yang brothers, 71, political repercussions of Xi’s 85, 186 campaign, 168 enters the PBSC, 44 promotion process and, 118 era of, 30–31 Shanxi case, 119–121 establishment of diplomatic relations systemic, 187 with the US, 34 xiaguan yiji system and, 6 exile, 26 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83125-3 — Rethinking Chinese Politics Joseph Fewsmith Index More Information Index 209 foreign policy, 177 Eighteenth Central Committee (2013) joins the CAC, 56 CYL membership and, 136 Mao’s concerns about, 24 elections, 168 military background, 30 Hu Jintao’sinfluence, 107, 134 “museum-ifying” of Mao Zedong, military membership, 169 148–149 Eighteenth Party Congress (2012), on overconcentration of power, 26, alleged collusion, 188 27, 76 elections party and government reform Pingchang county experiment, intentions, 28–29 123–125 party leaders’ reluctance to grant full problem with from a Leninist point of power to, 34 view, 125 party leadership changes and, 34–40 village elections, 113 personalization of power, 185 Eleventh Central Committee (1978), political balances, 43–52 Third Plenary Session, see Third rails against factionalism, 28 Plenum relations with Zhao Ziyang, 64 Eleventh Party Congress (1977), relationship with the military, 72 leadership changes, 34–40 retirement from the Central elite politics, 12–15 Committee, 63 balances, 68 “Shanghai Commentary,” 69 Hu Jintao era and, 86 “Southern Tour,” 70 informal balances and, 16 succession control efforts, 76, 80 institutionalization thesis, 13–15, 86 Third plenum and, 33–34, 60 Thirteenth Party Congress and, factions/factionalization, 2–3 53–59 Falange, Spain, 4 Tiananmen incident and, 24, 33, 180 Fallaci, Oriana, 76 truth criterion discussion, 31–33 Fan Changlong, 136 Twelfth Party Congress and, 40–42 Fan Chonglong, 133 Deng Yingchao, 34, 39, 56 Fang Fenghui, 166 Dickson, Bruce J., 128 Fang Lizhi, 54 Ding Xuexiang, 165, 166 Fang Yi, 39 Discipline Inspection Commissions feudalism, 27 (DIC), 6 Fifteenth Party Congress (1997), 79–83 diversity of society, growth of, 187 financial crisis, see global financial crisis Djibouti, 182 foreign policy, change in China’s Du Shanxue, 120 approach to the outside world, Du Yuesheng, 51 177–182 “four consciousnesses,” 158, 171, 175 East Asia Barometer, 128 Fourteenth Party Congress (1992), 77 economic integration, China’s pursuit, freedom of the press, 147 177 “Future of New China, The” (Liang economic reform Qichao), 138 dual price mechanism, 51–52 process of, 49–51 Gang of Four, 19, 24, 30–31, 46, 109 economics Gao Gang, 42 acknowledgment of as a field of Geddes, Barbara, 6 study, 111 general secretary “birdcage” theory, 49 control over personnel decisions, 17 “eight immortals,” 67 critical positions, 18–21 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83125-3 — Rethinking Chinese Politics Joseph Fewsmith Index More Information 210 Index general