DOCSLIB.ORG

Three Political History of Ancient Bengal (326 B.C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Three Political History of Ancient Bengal (326 B.C Chapter: One Introduction to History The Liberation War of Bangladesh took place in 1971. Our country became free from the enemies on 16 December after a nine-month stanch war against the Pakistani army. The Liberation war is the story of our glory and pride. The Bangalees have such many events of glory. History represents events. It provides sequential and true account of what has been clearly described in it. In order to conduct a comprehensive investigation on history, it is necessary to become informed of the elements and classification of history. In this chapter, we will know how we should study history. Before that, we need to know what history is? We also need to know how many types of history are there or how to write history. What is the usefulness of studying history? In this present chapter there will be a discussion about these topics. Picture: ancient historical inscriptions discovered in Wari-Bateshwar At the end of this chapter we will be able to: Explain concepts, nature and scope of history and heritage Describe elements and classification of history; Discuss the usefulness of studying history; Have interest in history and heritage. 2 History of Bangladesh & World Civilization Concepts of history and heritage The word 'History' (in Bengali Itihas) comes from the Bengali word 'Itiho' which means heritage. Heritage refers to past habits, education, language, art, literature and culture which are preserved for the future. History conveys this heritage from one generation to another. In the words of E.H. Carr it can be said that history is a constant conversation between the past and the present. All the issues of the present time are based on past transformation and the past heritage. And History means the factual description of past transformation and heritage. Of course at present, the history of the present time is written which is called contemporary History. So, now the scope of history is stretched from the ancient past to the present time. If the Bengali word Itihas is divided, then it takes a construction like Itiho + aas which means such was it or such happened. Historian Johnson also called the past event as history. According to him what happens is referred to as history; what does not happen is not history at all. So, it is being seen that the constant flow of events in the society and the state is called history. The English word History has come from the Greek word Historia whose Bengali synonym is Itihaas. The word Historia was first used by Greek historian Herodotus (fifth century B.C.). He is famous as the father of History. It was he who first of all used this word after the name of his research work whose dictionary meaning is investigation into the truth or research. He believed that history is to investigate or write what in true sense existed or took place. He investigated into different issues of the war that had taken place between Greece and Persia through his research. In this research he gave description of the obtained information, Picture : Herodotus important events and the stories of victory of the Greek so that next generations do not forget these events and these events inspire them and imbue them with patriotism. It was Herodotus who first combined the two concepts. History and Investigation. As a result, History turned into science, became completely information-based and became a subject of research. Actually, never-ending flow of events in human society is called History. Again, Rapson said that History is the sequential and scientific description of events. The father of modern History, the German historian Leopold Von Ranke thinks that History means the research and the true description of what took place. He opines that History is stark true. So, it can be said that History means the sequential and true description of different activities related to the transformation of human society. Therefore, authentic history is written based on the truth. Sources of History The sources of history refer to the information and evidence based on which it is possible to establish the historical truth. The importance of historical sources knows no bounds in writing the actual history. The sources of history can be divided into two groups, such as (a) written sources; and (b) unwritten sources. Picture : Hiuen- Tsang Introduction to History 3 1. Written Sources: The written sources of writing history include literature, overseas account, documents etc. There is some information available also in different literary works of the then time. For example: The Vedas, Kautilya's Arthasastro, Kalahan's Rajatarangini, Minhaj-us-Siraj's Tabkat-E-Nasiri, Abul Fazal's Ain-E- Akbari etc. Descriptions of the overseas travelers are always considered the most important sources. For example: The descriptions of the Chinese travelers Fa-hien, Hiuen- Tsang, and Itsing respectively who came to Bengal from fifth to seventh century. In the subsequent times, there was description about this area/ zone in the writings of others including Ibn Batuta. Quite much information was obtained from these descriptions about the then society, economy, politics, religion, and rituals and customs. Literary sources also include fairy tales, hearsays, stories etc. The description of Tibetan writer Lama Taranath about the ascending of Gopal, the founder of Pal Dynasty, to the throne Sources of History is a kind of fantasy. Yet, there remain many true events behind many historical events which the historians discover through meticulous analysis and investigation. Moreover, it is also possible to collect reliable information from government documents, letters etc. 2. Unwritten or archeological Sources: Unwritten or archeological evidences refer to those things or sources from which we can get a variety of historical information about a particular time, place or person. Archeological testimonies are included in unwritten elements. For example: coins, stone inscriptions, column inscriptions, copper inscriptions, edifices etc. We can have some knowledge about political, social Picture: Discovered the elements of Wari-Bateshwar and economic condition of the people of that time by dint of scientific experiments and analysis of these archeological evidences. It is possible to form an idea about civilization, religion, life- style, urbanization, things used every day, condition of trade and business, agricultural equipments of the ancient people. For example, we can describe the archeological testimonies of the Indus civilization, and some places of Bangladesh such as Mohasthangar, Paharpur, Maynamati etc. New archeological discoveries can change the history of a nation. For instance: the recent archeological discovery of Wari-Bateshwar in Narsingdi. It has been proved in the archeological testimony of that place that even before two thousand five hundred years back there was the existence of urban civilization in Bangladesh. As a result of this discovery, a new horizon of the civilization of ancient Bengal is going to be exposed and people's conceptions about the ancient civilization of Bengal are getting changed day by day. The time is not too far when the ancient history of Bengal will have to be written afresh. Individual Work : Make a list on different sources of history 4 History of Bangladesh & World Civilization Classification of History With the advancement of human society and civilization, people have been writing history of new more subjects. As a result, the scope of History is expanding. History is incessantly communicating the past events to the present generation. In that case it is difficult to classify History in different branches. In addition, people, their society, their civilization and their life-style - all these things lie close to each other in the subject-matter of History. Yet, for the advantage of study, discussion and research work History can be divided into two groups - Geographical and Thematic. One: Geographical Aspect or Geographical History: That is to say in which context the subject which has been included in history has been written - local, national or international. History can again be divided into three groups for the advantage of understanding from the perspective of geographical situation, such as Local/ Zonal History; National History; and International History. Two: Thematic History: Thematic History refers to the history which is written based on a particular subject. The thematic scope of History is wide-ranging. Yet, it can be generally divided into five parts, such as Political History; Social History; Economic History; Cultural History; and Diplomatic and Current/ Contemporary History. Theme of History History is the evidence and written document of chronological changes of people, their society and their civilization. Of modern historians Vico thinks about the theme of History in the way that human society and the origin and the growth of humanitarian institutions are the theme of history. Therefore, it is seen that all the important achievements that have been able to contribute to the development and progress of human society and civilization are all subjects included in History. Such as: art, literature and culture, philosophy, sculpture, politics, warfare, religion, laws etc. which as a whole have influenced directly or indirectly society and civilization are all focus of History. Nature of History History is different from other subjects. Its formation and presentation methodology are also different from other branches of knowledge. Our conception will be clear if we discuss features and nature of History. First: History tends to the past. This subject deals with the flow of events of the past. It is the trait of History which is to reconstruct the past through authentic information. Second: The theme of History is man, his society and his civilization. The focus of History is the sequential description of chronological progress of human society and civilization. This information must be based on authentic sources. Introduction to History 5 Third: There is no place of emotion and exaggeration in History.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Epic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School May 2017 Modern Mythologies: The picE Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature Sucheta Kanjilal University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the South and Southeast Asian Languages and Societies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Kanjilal, Sucheta, "Modern Mythologies: The pE ic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6875 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modern Mythologies: The Epic Imagination in Contemporary Indian Literature by Sucheta Kanjilal A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a concentration in Literature Department of English College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Gurleen Grewal, Ph.D. Gil Ben-Herut, Ph.D. Hunt Hawkins, Ph.D. Quynh Nhu Le, Ph.D. Date of Approval: May 4, 2017 Keywords: South Asian Literature, Epic, Gender, Hinduism Copyright © 2017, Sucheta Kanjilal DEDICATION To my mother: for pencils, erasers, and courage. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When I was growing up in New Delhi, India in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, my father was writing an English language rock-opera based on the Mahabharata called Jaya, which would be staged in 1997. An upper-middle-class Bengali Brahmin with an English-language based education, my father was as influenced by the mythological tales narrated to him by his grandmother as he was by the musicals of Broadway impressario Andrew Lloyd Webber.
    [Show full text]
  • Birth of Bangladesh: Down Memory Lane
    Indian Foreign Affairs Journal Vol. 4, No. 3, July - September, 2009, 102-117 ORAL HISTORY Birth of Bangladesh: Down Memory Lane Arundhati Ghose, often acclaimed for espousing wittily India’s nuclear non- proliferation policy, narrates the events associated with an assignment during her early diplomatic career that culminated in the birth of a nation – Bangladesh. Indian Foreign Affairs Journal (IFAJ): Thank you, Ambassador, for agreeing to share your involvement and experiences on such an important event of world history. How do you view the entire episode, which is almost four decades old now? Arundhati Ghose (AG): It was a long time ago, and my memory of that time is a patchwork of incidents and impressions. In my recollection, it was like a wave. There was a lot of popular support in India for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his fight for the rights of the Bengalis of East Pakistan, fund-raising and so on. It was also a difficult period. The territory of what is now Bangladesh, was undergoing a kind of partition for the third time: the partition of Bengal in 1905, the partition of British India into India and Pakistan and now the partition of Pakistan. Though there are some writings on the last event, I feel that not enough research has been done in India on that. IFAJ: From India’s point of view, would you attribute the successful outcome of this event mainly to the military campaign or to diplomacy, or to the insights of the political leadership? AG: I would say it was all of these.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Fear and Hope at the Bangladesh-Assam Border
    Asian Journal of Social Science 45 (2017) 749–778 brill.com/ajss Between Fear and Hope at the Bangladesh-Assam Border Éva Rozália Hölzle Bielefeld University Abstract This paper is about the inhabitants of a small village in Bangladesh, which lies on the border with the Indian state of Assam. Due to an Indo-Bangladesh agreement, inhab- itants are confronted with losing their agricultural lands. In addition, since 2010, the Border Security Force of India (bsf) impedes residents in approaching their gardens, an action that has led to repeated confrontations between the bsf and the villagers. Both threats instigate high levels of fear among the residents. However, their hopes are also high. How can we explain equally high levels of fear and hope among the residents? I suggest that the simultaneous surfacing of fear and hope sheds light on “bipolar” state practices on the ground (i.e., at the same time targeting and protecting lives), as well as the entanglement of the existential and the political (i.e., vulnerability and a demand for recognition) in the everyday lives of the residents. Keywords fear – hope – violence – democracy – borderland – Bangladesh – Assam Introduction The village, Nolikhai, is located in the Greater Sylhet of Bangladesh on the border with Assam (see Figure 1). The majority of the residents are Pnar and War Khasis. They earn a subsistence income from betel leaf (pan) production. While their houses are in Bangladesh, their agricultural lands lie on a 300-acre- stretch of territory in no man’s land, that is, between Bangladesh and India. The villagers have not had official land titles over their area of residence or the farmlands since the colonial period.
    [Show full text]
  • IN Bangladesh—Victims of Political Divisions of 70 Years Ago
    SPRAWY NARODOWOŚCIOWE Seria nowa / NATIONALITIES AFFAIRS New series, 51/2019 DOI: 10.11649/sn.1912 Article No. 1912 AgNIESzkA kuczkIEwIcz-FRAś ‘STRANdEd PAkISTANIS’ IN BANgLAdESh—vIcTImS OF POLITIcAL dIvISIONS OF 70 yEARS AgO A b s t r a c t Nearly 300,000 Urdu-speaking Muslims, coming mostly from India’s Bihar, live today in Bangladesh, half of them in the makeshift camps maintained by the Bangladeshi government. After the division of the Subcontinent in 1947 they migrated to East Bengal (from 1955 known as East Pakistan), despite stronger cultural and linguistic ties (they were Urdu, not Ben- gali, speakers) connecting them with West Pakistan. In 1971, after East Pakistan became independent and Bangladesh was formed, these so-called ‘Biharis’ were placed by the authori- ties of the newly formed republic in the camps, from which they were supposed—and they hoped—to be relocated to Pa- kistan. However, over the next 20 years, only a small number of these people has actually been transferred. The rest of them are still inhabiting slum-like camps in former East Ben- ............................... gal, deprived of any citizenship and all related rights (to work, AGNIESZKA KUCZKIEWICZ-FRAŚ education, health care, insurance, etc.). The governments of Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków Pakistan and Bangladesh consistently refuse to take responsi- E-mail: [email protected] http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2990-9931 bility for their fate, incapable of making any steps that would eventually solve the complex problem of these people, also CITATION: Kuczkiewicz-Fraś, A. (2019). known as ‘stranded Pakistanis.’ The article explains historical ‘Stranded Pakistanis’ in Bangladesh – victims of political divisions of 70 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Bengali Studies
    ISSN 2277-9426 Journal of Bengali Studies Vol. 6 No. 1 The Age of Bhadralok: Bengal's Long Twentieth Century Dolpurnima 16 Phalgun 1424 1 March 2018 1 | Journal of Bengali Studies (ISSN 2277-9426) Vol. 6 No. 1 Journal of Bengali Studies (ISSN 2277-9426), Vol. 6 No. 1 Published on the Occasion of Dolpurnima, 16 Phalgun 1424 The Theme of this issue is The Age of Bhadralok: Bengal's Long Twentieth Century 2 | Journal of Bengali Studies (ISSN 2277-9426) Vol. 6 No. 1 ISSN 2277-9426 Journal of Bengali Studies Volume 6 Number 1 Dolpurnima 16 Phalgun 1424 1 March 2018 Spring Issue The Age of Bhadralok: Bengal's Long Twentieth Century Editorial Board: Tamal Dasgupta (Editor-in-Chief) Amit Shankar Saha (Editor) Mousumi Biswas Dasgupta (Editor) Sayantan Thakur (Editor) 3 | Journal of Bengali Studies (ISSN 2277-9426) Vol. 6 No. 1 Copyrights © Individual Contributors, while the Journal of Bengali Studies holds the publishing right for re-publishing the contents of the journal in future in any format, as per our terms and conditions and submission guidelines. Editorial©Tamal Dasgupta. Cover design©Tamal Dasgupta. Further, Journal of Bengali Studies is an open access, free for all e-journal and we promise to go by an Open Access Policy for readers, students, researchers and organizations as long as it remains for non-commercial purpose. However, any act of reproduction or redistribution (in any format) of this journal, or any part thereof, for commercial purpose and/or paid subscription must accompany prior written permission from the Editor, Journal of Bengali Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Online Discursive Battle of Shahbag Protest 2013 in Bangladesh
    SEXISM IN ‘ONLINE WAR’: AN ANALYSIS OF ONLINE DISCURSIVE BATTLE OF SHAHBAG PROTEST 2013 IN BANGLADESH By Nasrin Khandoker Submitted to Central European University Department of Gender Studies In partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts in Gender Studies. Supervisor: Professor Elissa Helms Budapest, Hungary 2014 CEU eTD Collection I Abstract This research is about the discursive battle between radical Bengali nationalists and the Islamist supporters of accused and convicted war criminals in Bangladesh where the gendered issues are used as weapons. In Bangladesh, the online discursive frontier emerged from 2005 as a continuing battle extending from the 1971 Liberation War when the punishment of war criminals and war rapists became one of the central issues of political and public discourse. This online community emerged with debate about identity contest between the Bengali nationalist ‘pro-Liberation War’ and the ‘Islamist’ supporters of the accused war criminals. These online discourses created the background of Shahbag protest 2013 demanding the capital punishment of one convicted criminal and at the time of the protest, the online community played a significant role in that protest. In this research as a past participant of Shahbag protest, I examined this online discourse and there gendered and masculine expression. To do that I problematized the idea of Bengali and/or Muslim women which is related to the identity contest. I examined that, to protest the misogynist propaganda of Islamist fundamentalists in Bangladesh, feminists and women’s organizations are aligning themselves with Bengali nationalism and thus cannot be critical about the gendered notions of nationalism. I therefore, tried to make a feminist scholarly attempt to be critical of the misogynist and gendered notion of both the Islamists and Bengali nationalists to contribute not only a critical examination of masculine nationalist rhetoric, but will also to problematize that developmentalist feminist approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Indo-Bangladesh Relations
    ISSN 0971-9318 HIMALAYAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES (JOURNAL OF HIMALAYAN RESEARCH AND CULTURAL FOUNDATION) NGO in Special Consultative Status with ECOSOC, United Nations Vol. 7 Nos.3-4 July - December 2003 BANGLADESH SPECIAL Regimes, Power Structure and Policies in Bangladesh Redwanur Rahman Indo-Bangladesh Relations Anand Kumar India-Bangladesh Bilateral Trade: Issues and Concerns Indra Nath Mukherji Rise of Religious Radicalism in Bangladesh Apratim Mukarji Hindu Religious Minority in Bangladesh Haridhan Goswami and Zobaida Nasreen Situation of Minorities in Bangladesh Ruchira Joshi Conflict and the 1997 Peace Accord of Chittagong Hill Tracts Binalakshmi Nepram Demographic Invasion from Bangladesh Bibhuti Bhusan Nandy India and Bangladesh: The Border Issues Sreeradha Datta Bangladesh-Pakistan Relations Smruti S. Pattanaik HIMALAYAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES Editor : K. WARIKOO Assistant Editor : SHARAD K. SONI © Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation, New Delhi. * All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without first seeking the written permission of the publisher or due acknowledgement. * The views expressed in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of the Himalayan Research and Cultural Foundation. SUBSCRIPTION IN INDIA Single Copy (Individual) : Rs. 200.00 Annual (Individual) : Rs. 400.00 Institutions : Rs. 500.00 & Libraries (Annual) OVERSEAS (AIRMAIL) Single Copy : US $ 15.00 UK £ 10.00 Annual (Individual) : US $ 30.00 UK £ 20.00 Institutions : US $ 50.00 & Libraries (Annual) UK £ 35.00 The publication of this journal (Vol.7, Nos.3-4, 2003) has been financially supported by the Indian Council of Historical Research.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Theses
    Australian National University THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. INDIA-BANGLADESH POLITICAL RELATIONS DURING THE AWAMI LEAGUE GOVERNMENT, 1972-75 by Shaukat Hassan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Australian National University April 1987 Deelarat ion Except where otherwise indicated this thesis is my own work. Utx*.s Shaukat Hassan April 1987 Acknowledgements I wish to thank Professors George Codding of the Un.iversity of Colorado, Thomas Hovet and M. George Zaninovich of the University of Oregon, Talukdar Maniruzzaman of the University of Dhaka, Mr. Neville Maxwell of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Oxford University, and Brigadier Abdul Momen, former Director General of the Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies, Dhaka, for making it possible for me to undertake this study. I am equally grateful to the Department of International Relations at the Australian National University for generously providing me the necessary funds to carry out research overseas. I must express my sincere gratitude to all those in the United States, the United Kingdom, India, Bangladesh, the People's Repub­ lic of China, and Australia who granted me interviews, many of whom must remain anonymous. My special thanks and appreciation are due to Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Sculptures of the Goddesses Manasā Discovered from Dakshin Dinajpur District of West Bengal: an Iconographic Study
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 10 Issue 4 Ser. I || April 2021 || PP 30-35 Sculptures of the Goddesses Manasā Discovered from Dakshin Dinajpur District of West Bengal: An Iconographic Study Dr Rajeswar Roy Assistant Professor of History M.U.C. Women’s College (Affiliated to The University of Burdwan) Rajbati, Purba-Bardhaman-713104 West Bengal, India ABSTRACT: The images of various sculptures of the goddess Manasā as soumya aspects of the mother goddess have been unearthed from various parts of Dakshin Dinajpur District of West Bengal during the early medieval period. Different types of sculptural forms of the goddess Manasā are seen sitting postures have been discovered from Dakshin Dinajpur District during the period of our study. The sculptors or the artists of Bengal skillfully sculpted to represent the images of the goddess Manasā as snake goddess, sometimes as Viṣahari’, sometimes as ‘Jagatgaurī’, sometimes as ‘Nāgeśvarī,’ or sometimes as ‘Siddhayoginī’. These artistic activities are considered as valuable resources in Bengal as well as in the entire world. KEYWORDS: Folk deity, Manasā, Sculptures, Snake goddess, Snake-hooded --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 20-03-2021 Date of Acceptance: 04-04-2021 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. INTRODUCTION Dakshin Dinajpur or South Dinajpur is a district in the state of West Bengal, India. It was created on 1st April 1992 by the division of the erstwhile West Dinajpur District and finally, the district was bifurcated into Uttar Dinajpur and Dakshin Dinajpur. Dakshin Dinajpur came into existence after the division of old West Dinajpur into North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur on 1st April, 1992.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated 64 District GTF Committee List
    Bangladesh Government - Tenderers’ Forum (BGTF), Dhaka Convening Committee Formation Date of Committee: October 27, 2019 Update on July 12, 2020 SL Name and designation Position in Contact no. & Email address Committee 1. Mr. Md. Abdus Sattar Convener Mob: 01768 100600 Executive Engineer, Procurement Unit (Level-09) email: [email protected]; Local Government and Engineering Department (LGED) [email protected] Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 2. Ms. Kazi Sayeda Momtaz Co-convener Mob: 01730782515 Senior System Analyst, Roads and Highways Department (RHD) e-mail: [email protected]; Sarak Bhaban, Room # 103, Tejgaon, Dhaka-1208 [email protected]; [email protected] 3. Engr. Khalid Hossain Khan Co-convener Mob: 01711522329, Managing Director, Spectra International Limited e-mail: [email protected]; House # 17, Road # 106, Block-CEN (F), Gulshan-2, Dhaka-1212 [email protected] 4. Kazi Mozaharul Haque Member Mob: 01711592346 Managing Director, Mozahar Enterprise (Pvt.) Ltd., Secretary e-mail: [email protected]; Road # 35, House # 1/B, Flat # 3F, Gulshan-2, Dhaka-1212 [email protected] 5. Mr. Masum Sajjad Member Mob: 01755576666 Pharmacist (Graduate), Procurement Officer e-mail: [email protected] Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212 6. Engr. Nazrul Islam Mian, Project Director, 32 Pourasava Project Member Mob: 01711174940 Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) email: [email protected]; 14, Shaheed Captain Mansur Ali Sarani, Kakrail, Dhaka-1000 [email protected] 7. Mr. Salek Mahmud, Superintending Engineer, Dhaka Power Member Mob: 01730335165 Distribution Company Limited DPDC), NOCS Circle, Killarpool, e-mail: [email protected] Narayanganj 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The Insecure World of the Nation
    The Insecure World of the Nation Ranabir Samaddar In T​he Marginal Nation,​ which dealt with trans­border migration from Bangladesh to West Bengal, two moods, two mentalities, and two worlds were in description – that of cartographic anxiety and an ironic un­concern. In that description of marginality, where nations, borders, boundaries, communities, and the political societies were enmeshed in making a non­nationalised world, and the citizen­migrant (two animals yet at the same time one) formed the political subject of this universe of transcendence, interconnections and linkages were the priority theme. Clearly, though conflict was an underlying strain throughout the book, the emphasis was on the human condition of the subject ­ the migrant’s capacity to transgress the various boundaries set in place by nation­formation in South Asia. Therefore, responding to the debate on the numbers of illegal migrants I termed it as a “numbers game”. My argument was that in this world of edges, the problem was not what was truth (a​bout nationality, identity, and numbers), but truth (o​f n​ationality, identity, and numbers) itself was the problem.1 Yet, this was an excessively humanised description, that today on hindsight after the passing of some years since its publication, seems to have downplayed the overwhelming factor of conflict and wars that take place because “communities must be defended” – one can say the “permanent condition” in which communities find themselves. On this re­reading of the problematic the questions, which crop up are:
    [Show full text]
  • Shiura-Cowries-2017.Pdf
    Mongolia 32 Munkhtulga Rinchinkhorol Protection of Cultural Heritage in Urban Areas in Mongolia: The Tonyukuk Complex Nepal 39 Suresh Suras Shrestha Post Earthquake Conservation, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation in Nepal: Current Status New Zealand 44 Matthew Schmidt Heritage on the Move: The preservation of William Gilbert Rees ca. 1864 Meat Shed Pakistan 50 Tahir Saeed A Recent Study of the Individual Buddha Stone Sculptures from Gandhara, Pakistan Philippines 56 Louella Solmerano Revilla Restoration of the Roman Catholic Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica Sri Lanka 62 D.A. Rasika Dissanayaka Vee bissa and Atuwa: Earthen Structures for Storing Granary in Ancient Sri Lanka Uzbekistan 66 Akmal Ulmasov Preliminary Results of Archaeological Researches in the Karatepa Buddhist Center (in 2014-2015) Vanuatu 70 Richard Shing Identifying Potential Archaeological Sites on a Polynesian Outlier – Preliminary Archaeological Survey on Futuna Bangladesh Bangladesh Especial Type of Ancient Pottery — Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) — Obtained from Mahasthangarh (Ancient Pundranagara) Archaeological Site and Its Chronological Study Mst. Naheed Sultana, Regional Director Department of Archaeology, Ministry of Cultural Affairs, People’s Republic of Bangladesh Introduction: Clay or mud is a very ordinary thing, and is thickened grooved rim. There was very fine fabric, with a simply a covering of earth. This earth has been used for grey and black core and well levigated. Both surfaces were different works since 10,000 years ago (Singh 1979:1). For very smooth, and were black slipped, red slipped and our existence in the world, in our daily work, in religious, polished. cultural, and political works and royal orders, clay has been the greatest and most invaluable material.
    [Show full text]