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ALGOL 60 Programming on the Decsystem 10.Pdf
La Trobe University DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS ALGOL 60 Programming on the DECSystem 10 David Woodhouse Revised, August 1975 MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA ALGOL 60 Programming on the DECSystem 10 David Woodhouse Revised, August 1975 CE) David Woodhouse National Library of Australia card number and ISBN. ISBN 0 85816 066 8 INTRODUCTION This text is intended as a complete primer on ALGOL 60 programming. It refers specifically to Version 4 of the DECSystem 10 implementation. However, it avoids idiosyncracies as far as possible, and so should be useful in learning the language on other machines. The few features in the DEC ALGOL manual which are not mentioned here should not be needed until the student is sufficiently advanced to be using this text for reference only. Exercises at the end of each chapter illustrate the concepts introduced therein, and full solutions are given. I should like to thank Mrs. K. Martin and Mrs. M. Wallis for their patient and careful typing. D. Woodhouse, February, 1975. CONTENTS Chapter 1 : High-level languages 1 Chapter 2: Languagt! struct.ure c.f ALGOL 6n 3 Chapter 3: Statemp.nts: the se'1tences {'\f the language 11 Chapter 4: 3tandard functions 19 Chapter 5: Input an~ Outp~t 21 Chapter 6: l>rray~ 31 Chapter 7 : For ane! ~hil~ statements 34 Chapter 8: Blocks anr! ',: ock sc rll,~ turr. 38 Chapter 9: PrOCe(:l1-:-~S 42 Chapter 10: Strin2 vp·jaLlps 60 Chapter 11: Own v~rj;lI'.i..es clOd s~itc.hef, 64 Chapter 12: Running ~nd ,;ebllggi"1g 67 Bibliography 70 Solutions to Exercises 71 Appendix 1 : Backus NOlUlaj F\:q'm 86 Appendix 2 : ALGuL-like languages 88 Appenclix 3. -
Archived: Autocode User's Guide
MATRIXx TM AutoCodeTM User’s Guide MATRIXx AutoCode User’s Guide The MATRIXx products and related items have been purchased from Wind River Systems, Inc. (formerly Integrated Systems, Inc.). These reformatted user materials may contain references to those entities. Any trademark or copyright notices to those entities are no longer valid and any references to those entities as the licensor to the MATRIXx products and related items should now be considered as referring to National Instruments Corporation. National Instruments did not acquire RealSim hardware (AC-1000, AC-104, PCI Pro) and does not plan to further develop or support RealSim software. NI is directing users who wish to continue to use RealSim software and hardware to third parties. The list of NI Alliance Members (third parties) that can provide RealSim support and the parts list for RealSim hardware are available in our online KnowledgeBase. You can access the KnowledgeBase at www.ni.com/support. NI plans to make it easy for customers to target NI software and hardware, including LabVIEW real-time and PXI, with MATRIXx in the future. For information regarding NI real-time products, please visit www.ni.com/realtime or contact us at [email protected]. May 2003 Edition Part Number 370767A-01 Support Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information ni.com National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 11500 North Mopac Expressway Austin, Texas 78759-3504 USA Tel: 512 683 0100 Worldwide Offices Australia 1800 300 800, Austria 43 0 662 45 79 90 0, Belgium 32 0 2 757 00 20, Brazil 55 -
Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Programming Languages
Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Programming Languages Although there exist many programming languages, the differences among them are insignificant compared to the differences among natural languages. In this chapter, we discuss the common aspects shared among different programming languages. These aspects include: programming paradigms that define how computation is expressed; the main features of programming languages and their impact on the performance of programs written in the languages; a brief review of the history and development of programming languages; the lexical, syntactic, and semantic structures of programming languages, data and data types, program processing and preprocessing, and the life cycles of program development. At the end of the chapter, you should have learned: what programming paradigms are; an overview of different programming languages and the background knowledge of these languages; the structures of programming languages and how programming languages are defined at the syntactic level; data types, strong versus weak checking; the relationship between language features and their performances; the processing and preprocessing of programming languages, compilation versus interpretation, and different execution models of macros, procedures, and inline procedures; the steps used for program development: requirement, specification, design, implementation, testing, and the correctness proof of programs. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 1.1 introduces the programming paradigms, performance, features, and the development of programming languages. Section 1.2 outlines the structures and design issues of programming languages. Section 1.3 discusses the typing systems, including types of variables, type equivalence, type conversion, and type checking during the compilation. Section 1.4 presents the preprocessing and processing of programming languages, including macro processing, interpretation, and compilation. -
Scanned Document
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO ELLEN LARISSA DE CARVALHO AQUINO DA PARTICIPAÇÃO AO ATIVISMO: AS TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO ALIADAS AO FEMINISMO. Araranguá, Dezembro de 2015 ELLEN LARISSA DE CARVALHO AQUINO DA PARTICIPAÇÃO AO ATIVISMOS: AS TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO ALIADAS AO FEMINISMO Trabalho de Curso submetido à Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do Grau de Bacharel em Tecnologias Da Informação e Comunicação. Sob a orientação do Professor Giovani M. Lunardi. Araranguá, 2015 ERRATA Folha Linha Onde se lê Leia-se Ficha de identificação da obra elaborada pelo autor, através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC. Aquino, Ellen Larissa de Carvalho Aquino DA PARTICIPAÇÃO AO ATIVISMO: AS TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO ALIADAS AO FEMINISMO. / Ellen Larissa de Carvalho Aquino Aquino ; orientador, Giovani M. Lunardi Lunardi - Araranguá, SC, 2015. 112 p. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Araranguá. Graduação em Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. Inclui referências 1. Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. 2. Ativismo. 3. Gênero. 4. Feminismo . 5. Tecnociência . I. Lunardi, Giovani M. Lunardi. II. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Graduação em Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. III. Título. “Dedico este trabalho a todos que me incentivaram, em especial a minha família". AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente a Deus, pela sua graça e amor que são fundamentais pra mim. A minha mãe Edilene, por nunca ter medido esforços em proporcionar o melhor, por ser minha eterna professora, pela dedicação e amor que nunca faltaram. Ao meu pai José Augusto, por todo incentivo ao longo da minha vida, e por todo conhecimento que possuí, porque me fazem nunca querer encontrar limite na ciência. -
On Barron and Strachey's Cartesian Product Function
BRICS RS-07-14 Danvy & Spivey: On Barron and Strachey’s Cartesian Product Function BRICS Basic Research in Computer Science On Barron and Strachey’s Cartesian Product Function Olivier Danvy Michael Spivey BRICS Report Series RS-07-14 ISSN 0909-0878 July 2007 Copyright c 2007, Olivier Danvy & Michael Spivey. BRICS, Department of Computer Science University of Aarhus. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or part of this work is permitted for educational or research use on condition that this copyright notice is included in any copy. See back inner page for a list of recent BRICS Report Series publications. Copies may be obtained by contacting: BRICS Department of Computer Science University of Aarhus IT-parken, Aabogade 34 DK–8200 Aarhus N Denmark Telephone: +45 8942 9300 Telefax: +45 8942 5601 Internet: [email protected] BRICS publications are in general accessible through the World Wide Web and anonymous FTP through these URLs: http://www.brics.dk ftp://ftp.brics.dk This document in subdirectory RS/07/14/ On Barron and Strachey’s Cartesian Product Function Possibly the world’s first functional pearl∗ Olivier Danvy Michael Spivey Department of Computer Science Computing Laboratory University of Aarhus Oxford University IT-parken, Aabogade 34 Wolfson Building, Parks Road DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark† Oxford OX1 3QD, England‡ July 20, 2007 Abstract Over forty years ago, David Barron and Christopher Strachey published a startlingly elegant program for the Cartesian prod- uct of a list of lists, expressing it with a three nested occurrences of the function we now call foldr. This program is remark- able for its time because of its masterful display of higher-order functions and lexical scope, and we put it forward as possibly the first ever functional pearl. -
Trick Questions, Zen-Like Riddles, Insanely Difficult Puzzles, and Other
Begin Reading Table of Contents Newsletters Copyright Page In accordance with the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, the scanning, uploading, and electronic sharing of any part of this book without the permission of the publisher constitute unlawful piracy and theft of the author’s intellectual property. If you would like to use material from the book (other than for review purposes), prior written permission must be obtained by contacting the publisher at [email protected]. Thank you for your support of the author’s rights. To the memory of Martin Gardner (1914–2010), whose influence on this book’s subject matter is considerable. A hundred prisoners are each locked in a room with three pirates, one of whom will walk the plank in the morning. Each prisoner has ten bottles of wine, one of which has been poisoned; and each pirate has twelve coins, one of which is counterfeit and weighs either more or less than a genuine coin. In the room is a single switch, which the prisoner may either leave as it is or flip. Before being led into the rooms, the prisoners are all made to wear either a red hat or a blue hat; they can see all the other prisoners’ hats but not their own. Meanwhile, a six-digit prime number of monkeys multiply until their digits reverse, then all have to get across a river using a canoe that can hold at most two monkeys at a time. But half the monkeys always lie and the other half always tell the truth. Given that the Nth prisoner knows that one of the monkeys doesn’t know that a pirate doesn’t know the product of two numbers between 1 and 100 without knowing that the N + 1th prisoner has flipped the switch in his room or not after having determined which bottle of wine was poisoned and what color his hat is, what is the solution to this puzzle? —Internet parody of a job interview question One Outnumbered at the Googleplex What It Takes to Get Hired at a Hyperselective Company Jim was sitting in the lobby of Google’s Building 44, Mountain View, California, surrounded by half a dozen others in various states of stupor. -
Early Nordic Compilers and Autocodes Version 2.0.0 of 2014-09-21
Early Nordic compilers and autocodes Version 2.0.0 of 2014-09-21 Peter Sestoft IT University of Copenhagen Rued Langgaards Vej 7, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark [email protected] Abstract. The early development of compilers for high-level program- ming languages, and of so-called autocoding systems, is well documented at the international level but not as regards the Nordic countries. The goal of this paper is to provide a survey of compiler and autocode development in the Nordic countries in the early years, roughly 1953 to 1965, and to relate it to international developments. We also touch on some of the historical societal context. To appear in Gram, Heide, Impagliazzo (editors): History of Nordic Com- puting 2014. Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 1 Introduction A compiler translates a high-level, programmer-friendly programming language into the machine code that computer hardware can execute. An \autocode" is a term used in the 1950s to denote a combination of simple compiler, assembler, linker and loader; in general, a program that made loading another program into a computer more convenient than using binary or hexadecimal codes. Whereas the history of computer hardware and the history of programming languages both are well described, the history of compilers, tying the two other subjects together as it were, is not as thoroughly charted. Nevertheless, surveys by Bauer (1974), Knuth (1977) and Ershov and Shura-Bura (1980) give inter- esting descriptions of the history of compiler development at the international level. However, they mostly neglect the particular developments in the Nordic countries, especially those before 1960. -
1900 Software - Two Views from the Board
VVP issue 1.0 05/02/2004 3- ICT/ICL 1900 Range Software......................................................................................................... 2 3.1 – The FP 6000 Software (Before the 1900 Range)..................................................................... 2 3.2 - ICT 1900 Range Software – The Start ..................................................................................... 4 3.3 – Programming Aids (Software) in 1966.................................................................................... 6 3.4- The Operating Systems (George). ............................................................................................. 7 3.5 ICT/ICL 1900 Software - Two views from the Board.............................................................. 14 3.6- ICT/ICL 1900 Software -............................................................................................................ 15 3- ICT/ICL 1900 Range Software During the period of development of the1900 Range, the Software activity evolved from a Sales Support Aid into a major computer industry driver, which, towards the end of the period, was absorbing development resources in excess of the hardware. This Section will outline its evolution in the context of the ICT/ICL 1900 Range 3.1 – The FP 6000 Software (Before the 1900 Range) The following is the relevant extract from the “FP6000- Report on Visit to Ferranti-Packard” in April 1963, detailing present or planned software while recommending the adoption of the FP6000 as the Ferranti 1900 (To -
Atlas 2 at Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory (And Aldermaston and CAD Centre)
Atlas 2 at Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory (And Aldermaston and CAD Centre) Barry Landy, November 2012 How it came about The Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory (“Maths Lab”) had a long history of designing its own machines. EDSAC (1949-1958) was the world’s first fully functional stored program (Von Neuman) computer on which it offered a full computing service for users (the world’s first). EDSAC 2 (1958-1965), the first micro-programmed computer, carried on the innovative tradition. However, by 1961 it was time to buy or design a new machine, but this time Maurice Wilkes didn’t want another home-made one. He had £250,000 offered by the UK government available to buy a replacement for EDSAC 2. This could have bought a KDF9 but that was only about the power of EDSAC 2. The only viable machines were an IBM 7090 or an Atlas, neither of which could be afforded. The price tag for the Atlas was £2,000,000. Peter Hall (Ferranti’s Computer Manager at the time) suggested they sell Cambridge the processing unit of Atlas at “works cost”, with Cambridge and Ferranti designing a simpler memory and peripheral arrangement, thereby providing a machine for Cambridge, and a cheaper version of Atlas for Ferranti to market. David Wheeler was design authority for the joint team, responsible for design of the memory access and peripheral coordinator and any consequential modifications to the basic hardware. The wiring diagrams were designed on EDSAC 2 by Roger Needham. While the hardware was built at West Gorton it was agreed that commissioning would happen at Cambridge and two engineers from West Gorton were seconded to Cambridge for that purpose. -
Legendsincomputing.Pdf
Anita Jones z 2007 IEEE Founders Medal z Director of Defense Research and Engineering at the U.S. Department of Defense from 1993 to 1997 z Fellow of the z Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) z American Association for the Advancement of Science z IEEE z Author of two books and more than 40 papers z U.S. Air Force Meritorious Civilian Service Award z Distinguished Public Service Award z Congressional Record tribute z Augusta Ada Lovelace Award from the Association for Women in Computing z Lawrence R. Quarles Professor in the Computer Science Department at the University of Virginia’s School of Engineering and Applied Science Legends in Computing Amy Pearl Designer and implementer of the Sun Link Service, an open protocol for creating hypertext links between elements of desktop applications Legends in Computing Programming the Eniac z Programs were not stored z Every new problem required new connections Legends in Computing Stephanie Rosenthal z Computing Research Association Outstanding Female Undergraduate Award, 2007 z research at CMU on social robotics led to two publications. z research on collaborative learning, potential interfaces for use with interactive whiteboards and experiments about issues in collaboration, resulted in a first-authored publication. Legends in Computing 1950s Assembler Programming Class This would be so much easier with a computer… Legends in Computing Elaine Kant z Founder and president of SciComp z Fellow of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence z Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science z Outstanding Achievement Award in Science/Technology, from University YWCA z U.S. Patent No. -
JOHN BACKUS: a Restless Inventor
JOHN BACKUS: a restless inventor Excerpt from Out of their Minds: the lives and discoveries of 15 great computer scientists by Dennis Shasha and Cathy Lazere, Copernicus Press We didn’t know what we wanted and how to do it. It just sort of grew. The first struggle was over what the language would look like. Then how to parse expressions — it was a big problem and what we did looks astonishingly clumsy now.... John Backus on the invention of FORTRAN Necessity, says the adage, is the mother of invention. Yet some inventors are motivated less by necessity than by sheer irritation at the messiness or inefficiency of the way things are. John Backus is such an inventor. He played an inspirational role in three great creations: FORTRAN, the first high level programming language; Backus-Naur Form, which provides a way to describe grammatical rules for high level languages; and lastly a functional programming language called FP, which advocates a mathematical approach to programming. Today, each of his inventions drives research and commercial agendas throughout the planet. Yet Backus’s own life is one of restless energy — from his youth through his retirement. A distaste for inefficiency seems to run in the family. Before World War I, Backus’s father had risen from a modest background to the post of chief chemist for the Atlas Powder Company, a manufacturer of nitroglycerine to be used in explosives. His promotion came for good reason. Their plants kept blowing up or having very poor yields and they couldn’t figure out why. The yield was very temperature sensitive. -
The Personal Is Archival: Researching and Teaching with Stories of Women Engineers, Scientists, and Doctors
History Conference Papers, Presentations and Posters History 4-2018 The Personal is Archival: Researching and Teaching With Stories of Women Engineers, Scientists, and Doctors Amy Bix Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/history_conf Part of the Cultural History Commons, Engineering Commons, Science and Mathematics Education Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Bix, Amy, "The Personal is Archival: Researching and Teaching With Stories of Women Engineers, Scientists, and Doctors" (2018). History Conference Papers, Presentations and Posters. 5. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/history_conf/5 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Conference Papers, Presentations and Posters by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Personal is Archival: Researching and Teaching With Stories of Women Engineers, Scientists, and Doctors Abstract Personal stories from archives are essential to understand the historical gendering of American science, medicine, technology, and innovation. Advocates promoted science, medicine, and engineering to young men, yet the twentieth-century brought increasing numbers of women into STEM education and employment. This paper illustrates the above by offering guidance to key archival and digital collections that show how women (individually and as groups) made places for themselves in modern science, technology, and medicine. Sources illustrate complex intersections for women simultaneously shaping professional and personal identities. This paper suggests how historians can reach beyond individual biographies to build broader analyses that deploy insights about personal experiences to parse cultural understandings of STEM and diversity.