District of Houston Community Wildfire Protection Plan June 2018
Prepared By: Prepared for: Rebecca Werner, RFT District of Houston Brad Layton, RFT P.O. Box 370 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Houston, BC P.O. Box 100 V0J-1Z0 Telkwa, BC
V0J-2X0
Contents Acknowledgments ...... 1 References ...... 1 Acronym Glossary ...... 2 Summary of CWPP Recommendations...... 3 Section 1: Introduction ...... 6 1.1. Purpose ...... 6 1.2 CWPP Planning Process ...... 6 Section 2: Local Area Description ...... 7 2.1 CWPP Area of Interest ...... 7 2.2 Community Description ...... 7 2.3 Past Wildfires, Evacuation and Impacts ...... 8 2.4 Current Community Engagement ...... 8 2.5 Linkages to Other Plans & Policies ...... 8 2.5.1 Local Authority Emergency Plan ...... 9 2.5.2 Affiliated CWPPs ...... 9 2.5.3 Local Government & First Nation Plans & Policies ...... 9 2.5.4 Higher Level Plans and Relevant Legislation ...... 10 2.5.5 Ministry or Industry Plans ...... 10 2.6 Summary of Recommendations ...... 11 Section 3: Values at Risk ...... 11 3.1 Human Life and Safety ...... 11 3.2 Critical Infrastructure ...... 12 3.2.1 Electrical Power ...... 13 3.2.2 Communications, Pipelines, Municipal Buildings ...... 13 3.2.3 Water, Sewage ...... 14 3.3 High Environmental and Cultural Values ...... 14 3.3.1 Drinking Water Supply Area/Community Watersheds ...... 14 3.3.2 Cultural Values ...... 15 3.3.3 High Environmental Values` ...... 15 3.4 Other Resource Values ...... 15 3.5 Hazardous Values at Risk Data ...... 16 3.6 Summary of Recommendations ...... 16 Section 4: Wildfire Threat and Risk ...... 16 4.1 Fire Regime, Fire Danger Days & Climate Change ...... 17 4.1.1 Fire Regime ...... 17 4.1.2 Fire Weather Rating ...... 17 4.1.3 Climate Change ...... 18 4.2 Provincial Strategic Threat Analysis (PSTA)...... 19 4.2.1 PSTA Final Wildfire Threat Rating ...... 19 4.2.2 Spotting Impact ...... 19 4.2.3 Head Fire Intensity...... 20 4.2.4 Fire History ...... 20 4.3 Local Wildfire Threat Assessment ...... 21 4.3.1 Fuel Type Verification ...... 21 4.3.2 Proximity of Fuel to the Community ...... 22 4.3.3 Fire Spread Patterns (i.e. ISI Roses) ...... 22 4.3.4 Topography ...... 23 4.3.6 Local Wildfire Threat Classification ...... 23 4.3.7 Local Wildfire Risk Classifications ...... 23 4.3.8 Summary of Fire Risk Classes ...... 24 Section 5: Risk Management and Mitigation Factors...... 24 5.1 Fuel Management ...... 24 Proposed treatments for fuel management:...... 27 5.2 FireSmart Planning & Activities ...... 32 5.2.1 FireSmart Goals & Objectives ...... 32 5.2.2 Key Aspects of FireSmart for Local Government ...... 32 5.2.3 Identify Priority Areas within the Area of Interest for FireSmart ...... 34 5.3 Community Communication and Education ...... 35 5.4 Other Prevention Measures ...... 35 5.5 Summary of Recommendations ...... 35 Section 6: Wildfire Response Resources ...... 36 6.1 Local Government Firefighting Resources...... 36 6.1.1 Fire Departments and Equipment ...... 37 6.1.2 Water Availability for Wildfire Suppression ...... 37 6.1.3 Access and Evacuation ...... 37 6.1.4. Training ...... 37 6.2 Structure Protection...... 38 6.3 Summary of Recommendations ...... 38 Appendix One: Wildfire Threat Assessment – FBP Fuel Type Change Rationale ...... 39 Appendix Two: Wildfire Threat Assessment Worksheets and Photos ...... 39 Appendix Three: Maps...... 39
District of Houston Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2017
Acknowledgments
A special thanks to all of those individuals who helped make this report a success.
BC Hydro – Duane Brooks BC Wildfire Services – Hans Erasmus and Wes McKay Houston Municipal Council Houston Fire Department- Jim Daigneault Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako – Eric Rehwald SWPI funding
References
Biogeographical Ecological Classification…https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Lmh/Lmh26.htm
Biodiversity …… https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/legsregs/fpc/fpcguide/biodiv/APP3A.HTM
Fire Weather & Fire Specific Data…. BC Wildfire Service.
Global warming……. https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/understanding- climate-change.html
District of Houston Community Wildfire Protection Plan (2005)
FireSmart ….. FireSmart Canada
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Acronym Glossary AOI………………….Area of Interest CI…………………….Critical Infrastructure BCWS……………..BC Wildfire Service. CWPP………………Community Wildfire Protection Plan EPP………………….Emergency Preparedness Plan FES………………….Forest Enhancement Society FPA………………….Fire Protection Area GIS…………………..Geographic Information Systems Ha……………………Hectares IBS……………………Spruce Bark Beetle MPB…………………Mountain Pine Beetle MU…………………..Management Unit NDT………………….Natural Disturbance Type OCP………………….Official Community Plan PSTA………………..Provincial Strategic Threat Analysis SBS…………………..Sub-Boreal Spruce Biogeoclimatic Zone SCBA………………..Self Contained Breathing Apparatus SFR…………………..Surface Fuel Reduction SPU………………….Structural Protection Unit i.e. sprinkler system. SWPI ……………… Strategic Wildfire Prevention Initiative UBCM……………….Union of British Columbia Municipalities VAR………………….Values at Risk WUI………………….Wildfire Urban Interface
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Summary of CWPP Recommendations.
Recommendation Priority Recommendation Responsibility Next Steps Section ID # H/M/L Add Community Wildfire Protection Houston to review Plan (CWPP) and the following and make a definition to the Emergency decision on Preparedness Plan…. CWPPs define the recommendation. wildland urban interface zone for the community with the objective to Make changes District of M improve community safety and identify within the Houston 2.5.1 Houston - Staff and reduce the risk of property damage EPP. and personal safety in the event of a wildfire incident. (Create link to Houston CWPP on Houston website here)
Create a section in the Houston EPP Houston to review about training. Add interface zone and make a wildfires as its own bullet as required decision on training / exercise for fire department District of recommendation. M 2.5.1 with BCWS. Houston - Staff Make changes within the Houston EPP. When OCP (official community plan) is Houston to review next updated add FireSmart and CWPP and make a principles in. decision on District of recommendation. M 2.5.3 Houston - Staff Make changes within the Houston OCP. The District of Houston should look at investing in a sprinkler system (SPU) Staff to look for that could be deployed at strategic grant availability or District of H locations within the village during a room within the 3.5 Houston - Staff wildfire event to mitigate risk to municipal budget hazardous values and critical to purchase a SPU. infrastructure. Establish and treat 8 Treatment Units to District of Proceed to next reduce wildfire threat as recommended Houston – Staff phase of SWPI in this document. program and apply for funding for 5.1 H prescription phase. This is to write prescriptions for the recommended treatments Apply for FireSmart funding District of Houston/SWPI Apply for H 5.2 government funding for
3 assistance in funding for FireSmart. Establish a FireSmart Board. District of Hold community 5.2 M Houston/Fire meeting to Smart funding establish board Conduct Fire Smart site visits and District of Identify staff or community assessments. Houston/Fire hire a contractor M 5.2 Smart funding to conduct assessments Hold a community FireSmart day. District of Schedule and hold Houston/Fire a community Smart funding FireSmart day to 5.2 M promote and get involvement into FireSmart program. Develop a communications strategy for District of Identify staff or public FireSmart and CWPP activities. Houston/Fire hire a contractor 5.2 H Smart funding to develop communications strategy Amendments to Official Community District of Adopt Plan and bylaw review and updates. Houston/Fire recommendations M 5.2 Smart funding and include in next OCP amendment Apply for FireSmart Community District of When FireSmart Recognition Status. Houston/Fire objective met M 5.2 Smart funding apply for recognition Continue CWPP community District of Develop a engagement Houston - Staff communication strategy regarding M 5.3 wildfire risk and priority mitigation measures. Continue CWPP community District of Develop a process engagement Houston - Staff to encourage stakeholders in the 5.3 natural resources M sector to identify opportunities for mutually beneficial forest/fuel treatments Continue CWPP community District of Develop a public engagement Houston - Staff education strategy 5.3 M designed to reduce human caused fires. Continue CWPP community District of Develop a fire engagement Houston - Staff smart M 5.3 communication plan.
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Continue CWPP community District of Hold a public engagement Houston - Staff meeting after making the draft available for M 5.3 review at the district office and post the document on the website. Houston fire department and Houston to review District of community staff should conduct a joint and make a Houston - Staff exercise for a mock interface fire with decision on M 6.1.4 the BCWS. recommendation.
Houston to review It is recommended that the District of District of and make a Houston should consider identifying any Houston - Staff decision on personnel in the community with M recommendation. 6.1.4 extensive wildfire experience into their EOC plans to assist them in the case of a wildfire incident.
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Section 1: Introduction
1.1. Purpose The purpose of this Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) is to identify the wildfire risks within and surrounding the District of Houston, to describe the potential consequences if a wildfire was to threaten the community, and to examine possible ways to reduce the wildfire risk. The goal is to define the threat to human life, property and critical infrastructure from wildfires within the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI), identify measures necessary to mitigate those threats and outline a plan of action to implement the measures. The CWPP planning process will provide the community with a detailed framework to inform the implementation of specific actions that will result in: 1. Reduced likelihood of a wildfire entering the community 2. Reduced impacts and losses to property and critical infrastructure 3. Reduced negative economic and social impacts to the community 4. Reduce the chance of a wildfire event impacting human life and safety. 5. Facilitate easier access for fire suppression activities.
1.2 CWPP Planning Process This is an update to an existing Community Wildfire Protection Plan that was completed in 2005. A contractor with fire experience was hired to prepare the new CWPP in consultation with community staff, tenure stakeholders, BC Wildfire Service fuel management staff and residents of Houston. Through discussions with the District of Houston the WUI area in the CWPP was kept at the recommended 2km spotting distance from the district boundary. The values at risk were identified and the local wildfire threat was assessed on each. Potential fuel treatments were identified, prioritized and plans were developed to further mitigate wildfire threat using Fire Smart principles in community planning and other local wildfire response recommendations.
Additional key stakeholders as listed below were contacted or consulted for input in the development of this CWPP
• BC Hydro- owner of the high voltage line and substation supplying the District of Houston with electricity. • Dungate Community Forest- Has harvesting tenure within the WUI • BCTS- Has harvesting tenure within the WUI • Canfor- Has harvesting tenure with the WUI • PNG- owner of pipelines supplying gas to the District of Houston • Telus • CityWest • Ministry of Forest Lands and Natural Resources Operations- First Nations Relations Advisor to help with existing Archaeological features
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Section 2: Local Area Description
2.1 CWPP Area of Interest
The CWPP area of interest (AOI) has been identified as an approximate 2.0-kilometer interface zone around the District of Houston boundary. The suggested area was supplied by the UBCM and determined by an analysis of many factors such as spotting distances for fires and structure densities. The AOI encompasses 16444.16 hectares of area, of which 7873.82 hectares is provincial crown land, 199.52 hectares is municipal fee simple land, 8368.82 hectares is privately owned land and 2.0 hectares is federally owned land. Approximately 6948.55 hectares of the crown and municipal lands are treed and/or covered in some sort of vegetation that has potential to burn in dry conditions. Most of the provincial crown land area within the area of interest is part of the timber harvesting land base and is managed under the Forest Act of British Columbia as well as the Forest and Range Practices Act.
Figure 1: Houston community overview
2.2 Community Description
Houston is a small community located on the Highway 16/CN rail corridor between the City of Prince Rupert 441 kilometers to the west and the City of Prince George 314 kilometers to the east. The closest larger communities are The Village of Burns Lake 89 kilometers to the east and the Town of Smithers 65 kilometers to the west. Houston is located in the Bulkley Valley at the confluence of the Bulkley River, Morice River and Buck Creek. Although some development began in the 1860’s in conjunction with the Overland Telegraph line, permanent settlement didn’t occur until the early 1890’s with the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The railroad laid out the grid pattern for the initial Houston townsite in 1910. However it wasn’t until 1957 that Houston was incorporated as a village and as a District on January 31, 1969. At its
7 peak there were over 3000 residences within Houston. Recent economic factors have reduced the population and the demographics have changed in that there is an increase to the older population(>75 years) and a decrease to the younger and middle aged population. The District of Houston falls within the Wet’suwet’en Nation traditional territory. The District of Houston falls within the Nadina Forest District and Skeena Forest Region. The town’s economic drivers have historically been agriculture and the Bulkley Valley Forest Products mill. At it’s peak Houston Forest Products, Canfor, and Huckleberry Mine provided significant employment to the town. Houston Forest Products and Huckleberry Mine have since shut down and Canfor is the main employer of the town. Fishing, hunting and tourism play a minor role in employment in the town. The District of Houston’s municipal fire protection jurisdiction boundary is delineated by the town limits with the exception of the agreement with the Regional District of Bulkley Nechako that includes specific areas outside of town limits such as Morgan subdivision. Highway 16 is the main road through Houston with the North Road by-Pass, Lund Road by-pass and Rabbit Trail by-pass being used as evacuation/egress routes.
2.3 Past Wildfires, Evacuation and Impacts
There is evidence that some large fires occurred before 1982 but it is unknown what impact these fires had on the community at the time and if they caused any evacuations. In the 1920’s there was a large fire north of Houston that ran all the way to Granisle but no documentation of its impact was found. To date there have been no large fires recorded in the WUI area that have threatened the community where evacuation orders or alerts have been issued. The nearest largest fires in recent history were the Swiss fire in 1983 , which although some residences of Buck Flats Road were evacuated, the town of Houston was not affected in this manner. In 2010 there was another fire located 30km southwest of town that impacted residences on Buck Flats and in 2014 there was a fire 20 km to the east of Houston that impacted the residences close to the fire and closed the Highway down for a short time. None of these fires directly impacted the District of Houston.
2.4 Current Community Engagement
There was a CWPP completed in 2005. At this time from recommendations of the CWPP the town conducted wildfire mitigation treatments on certain areas within town limits that were deemed high risk. Thinning and harvesting treatments were conducted to remove dead pine and slash piles were burned to remove fuel hazard. Although currently there are no identified Fire Smart plans in place within the community there is a desire to increase involvement with community members. Presently leaflets are made available at several locations in town. Training of fire personal on Fire Smart has also been proposed.
2.5 Linkages to Other Plans & Polices
Relevant local plans and policies that are in place that have linkages to the CWPP are; District of Houston Official Community Plan Bylaw No. 1001, the District of Houston Fire Protection Bylaw No. 839 and the District of Houston Emergency Preparedness Plan.
8 2.5.1 Local Authority Emergency Preparedness Plan
The District of Houston has an Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP). In the event of a wildfire incident occurring, that threatens the community of Houston, the District of Houston EPP will be the primary document utilized to address the incident. Key elements of this CWPP and subsequent prescriptions and treatment information will be utilized to help or supplement command decisions to ensure the safety of residents and response staff as well as protecting critical infrastructure identified within the CWPP document.
The last revision other than the yearly contact info updates was completed December 2011. The document should be reviewed by staff and updated to include better linkages to the CWPP and to incorporate any recommendations and/or conditions altered by CWPP fuel treatments for the EPP.
Recommendations:
Document Location Responsibility Recommendation Houston EPP Sec. 1, pg. 8 Add Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) and the following definition to the Emergency Preparedness Plan…. CWPPs define the wildland urban interface zone for the District of community with the objective to improve community safety and Houston identify and reduce the risk of property damage and personal safety in the event of a wildfire incident. (Create link to Houston CWPP on Houston website here)
Houston EPP Within EPP Create a section in the Houston EPP about WUI training. Add District of interface zone wildfires as its own bullet as required training / Houston exercise for fire department with BCWS.
2.5.2 Affiliated CWPPs
There was a CWPP completed for Houston in 2005. There are no other adjacent or overlapping CWPP’s within this CWPP interface area. This CWPP will replace the 2005 CWPP in its entirety.
2.5.3 Local Government & First Nation Plans & Policies
The District of Houston has an Official Community Plan (OCP)(2010). The purpose of an OCP is to provide a statement of objectives and policies to guide community planning and land use management decisions within the area covered by the plan and to work toward the purpose and goals of a regional growth strategy, where applicable. The OCP refers to wildfire mitigation in two places; section 3.3 under Environmental Sensitivity and section 4.4.2.2 Wildfire Protection. When the OCP is next reviewed and updated it is recommended that Firesmart and CWPP principles be added in sections: 2.3, 4.1, 4.3.2 and 4.4.2.9. The District of Houston also has an Open Burning and Air Quality Bylaw #947, 2006 that requires a burning permit for all-residential or industrial burning. This bylaw with its permitting requirements will help reduce human caused fires.
9 Recommendations:
Document Location Responsibility Recommendation Official Sec. 2.3, 4.1, When OCP is next updated add FireSmart and CWPP principles District of Community 4.3.2, in. Houston Plan 4.4.2.9
2.5.4 Higher Level Plans and Relevant Legislation
Houston falls within the Morice LRMP and any prescriptions and subsequent treatments will need to include the principles found within the LRMP document that are relevant to the WUI area for this CWPP. LRMP’s were established before most CWPP’s were created and have not been revisited to include the CWPP driving values of public and critical infrastructure safety that CWPP’s embrace. Prescriptions may have to revisit some of the LRMP strategies with the proper authorities to have CWPP objectives made achievable where the LRMP’s don’t allow treatment activities. As found in the LRMP the Biodiversity Emphasis Option is classified as mostly a mixture of Low and Intermediate with a small portion being high for the WUI area. As the Provincial Crown Land treatment area within the WUI is subject to the Forest Act and the Forest and Range Practices Act, permits and authorizations will be needed before any treatment activities can be conducted on Provincial Crown land. A combination of Section 52 authorization and permit authorizations can be applied for at the Nadina Forest District office in Burns Lake. As some of the WUI falls within Woodlot designated areas it is recommended that woodlot owners be made aware of planned treatment areas and involved in the prescription and operational phases where possible.
2.5.5 Ministry or Industry Plans
BCWS are working with shareholders to develop landscape level strategies. The District of Houston has not been made aware of any FLNRORD fire management plans for the District of Houston interface/CWPP area as these are not public documents. In the event that such plans are made available to Houston this CWPP document should be updated to include them.
There is a Forest Stewardship Plan in place on part of the interface area by Dungate Community Forest, BCTS, Canfor and the Woodlots. The area has been identified on the CWPP maps. The Dungate Community Forest, BCTS, Canfor and the Woodlots were given a draft copy of this plan to review to provide comment and feedback for the final document.
10 2.6 Summary of Recommendations
Recommendation Recommendation Responsibility Next Steps Section ID # Add Community Wildfire Protection Plan Houston to review and make (CWPP) and the following definition to the a decision on Emergency Preparedness Plan…. CWPPs recommendation. define the wildland urban interface zone for the community with the objective to Make changes within the District of improve community safety and identify and Houston EPP. 2.5.1 Houston reduce the risk of property damage and personal safety in the event of a wildfire incident. (Create link to Houston CWPP on Houston website here)
Create a section in the Houston EPP about Houston to review and make training. Add interface zone wildfires as its a decision on own bullet as required training / exercise District of recommendation. 2.5.1 for fire department with BCWS. Houston Make changes within the Houston EPP. When OCP is next updated add FireSmart Make changes within the District of and CWPP principles in. Houston OCP. 2.5.3 Houston
Section 3: Values at Risk The intent of this section is to introduce the extent to which wildfire has the potential to impact values within a community.
3.1 Human Life and Safety
Any time there is a wildfire interface event there is risk to human life and safety for residents, responders and any persons that may be in the area for industry, recreation or tourism. The highest priority of any plan, including this CWPP, is to mitigate this risk to the greatest level possible thru planned fuel reduction treatments, as well as to establish clear egress routes and procedures for the implementation of evacuations if required. Houston has evacuation procedures outlined in its EPP in section 9 which will be supplemented with maps from this CWPP.
Fire can move quickly and is unpredictable at the best of times so evacuation alerts and orders should be considered and planned immediately in the event of a wildfire threatening the community. As seen in news footage of the Fort McMurray fire of 2016 it can be extremely stressful and a fearful experience for residents if the fire is within the interface zone.
The District of Houston consists of a compact town centre and several sub divisions scattered in all directions from town centre. Houston has an up to date evacuation map in their EPP.
There are three camping areas within the WUI. They are as follows: • Municipal Campsite located next to Jamie Baxter park
11 • Four Seasons Park- camping during Pleasant Valley Days and baseball tournaments • By-Mac Park located west of town
In the event of an evacuation of Houston all campgrounds will also need to be evacuated.
3.2 Critical Infrastructure
The second priority after human life and safety when dealing with an interface wildfire event is critical infrastructure for the community. Critical infrastructure can take the form of physical resources, service and information technology facilities or structures, networks and assets which, if disrupted or destroyed, would have a serious impact on the operations of the local government, the surrounding communities and threaten community viability.
Critical infrastructure identified in the District of Houston has been identified as follows (numbered as shown on map 2 and 7)
1—BC Hydro Substation 2—Water Pump House with generator 3—Water Pump House without generator 4—Water Tower 5—Water Treatment Plant 6—Waste Water Treatment Plant 7—Waste Water Lift Station 8—Henry Creek Pump Station 9—Firehall 10—RCMP 11—Municipal Office 12—Public Works Building and Yard 13—Health Clinic 14—BC Ambulance 15—Post Office 16—Schools 17—City West fibre optic switch locations 18—Telus Main supply building 19-- Potential Fuel Hazard Areas (petroleum/propane) 20—Canfor mill (listed as VAR on maps)
12 3.2.1 Electrical Power
Houston electricity is supplied by a 138kV transmission line owned and operated by BC Hydro (Figure 2). This high voltage line runs along highway 16 through Houston. The substation is located west of town along the highway.
Figure 2: Showing High voltage line & BC Hydro Sub-Station
Within the community all power lines servicing the community are 25kv, above ground and strung on wood power poles. There are numerous transformer locations within the community. The power is critical to the operation of all critical infrastructure facilities within the community such as water supply, sewage lagoon, internet and communications, medical services and facilities necessary for quality of life for the community. There is backup generator power for the health clinic, firehall, RCMP, sewage lift station, 2 water wells and water treatment station.
3.2.2 Communications, Pipelines, Municipal Buildings
Communications in Houston are supplied by TELUS ground lines and a TELUS Wireless Cell Tower owned by TELUS. TELUS ground lines run throughout the town utilizing the same poles as BC Hydro. The TELUS station for the required hardware is located within town on map #2. The TELUS cell tower is located on Mount Harry Davis. As well there is a tower located at the end of Eichenberger road. All towers are located outside of the AOI.
Internet communications in Houston are supplied by City West fibre optics line. The City West main distribution site is located within town on map #2. The main fibre optic lines also use the BC Hydro poles.
Pipelines located within the municipality include the mainline, which runs north-south near the eastern edge of municipality boundary. There are also lines running to individual buildings throughout the town.
A small portion of the airport is located in the AOI but the majority is outside of the AOI. The Airport is too small for commercial planes but is used for smaller municipal aircraft. It is located NW of town and accessed from Barrett Station Road. There is a helicopter pad at a local
13 helicopter business (Westland Helicopters)located in the industrial area across from the Hydro substation.
Municipal and Provincial buildings within Houston include the following and are located on the critical infrastructure map #2:
• Municipal Town Office • RCMP • Fire Hall • Health Centre • BC Ambulance • Silverthorne Public School • Twain Sullivan Public School • Houston Secondary School • Houston Christian School • Public Works Building and Yard • Water Reservoir • Wells • Sanitary Stations • Henry Creek Pump Station
3.2.3 Water, Sewage
Houston’s water is taken from four wells located between Highway 16 and the Bulkley River. Water is run through a sand filtration system at the water treatment pump house before it is pumped to the water tower located above town. This water system is available for wildfire and structural firefighting use and will not be affected by drought conditions. There are numerous fire hydrants throughout the community with the exception of areas north of the highway bridge located on the northeastern part of town, Lund Road subdivision, Buck Flats Road and side roads, and Houston Estates Road where there are no fire hydrants.
Houston has a community sewage system that is comprised of Sanitary sewer lines, Storm sewer lines, a Sanitary Sewer Lift Station and a Sanitary Sewer Lift Station/ Treatment . These are located on the critical infrastructure map #2 and are considered critical infrastructure as residents would not be able to live within the community for any length of time without an operating sewage system.
3.3 High Environmental and Cultural Values
3.3.1 Drinking Water Supply Area/Community Watersheds
Houston falls with the Skeena watershed but does not fall within a designated community watershed. Houston takes water from 4 wells located near the Bulkley River. Two of the wells have backup generators. The current water tower has a 2.27 million litre capacity. The new
14 water tower (Figure 3) will have a similar capacity and both will be operational by 2018. A major fire event near the wells should not impact water quality, as the wells are deep wells.
Fig. 3 New Water Tower
3.3.2 Cultural Values
The District of Houston is located in the Wet,suwet’en Nation traditional territory. There are significant values within the AOI. These values include historical habitation or village sites, trails, areas of spiritual and cultural importance and resource gathering. Working with First Nations during proposed treatment prescriptions to identify high risk cultural or significant values is an important part of the process.
3.3.3 High Environmental Values`
An analysis and research using tools such as iMaps BC, and SARA public registry did not identify any known Species at Risk within the WUI. However during field plots for the CWPP a listed ecosystem was found in the WUI and is shown on Map 2 as a rare ecosystem. During the prescription phase of any proposed SWPI treatments the Species at Risk Act should be reviewed to identify current species at risk.
The Morice LRMP identifies the following environmental values within or overlapping the WUI: • Identified scenic area. • Unmanaged grizzly bear area. • Agriculture expansion area. Although these are environmental values they are not considered high environmental values to be protected and are not mapped.
3.4 Other Resource Values
The resource values identified within the consultation process with stakeholders and the community are as follows:
• Timber Harvesting • Recreation trails • Hunting • Fishing
15 • Horse riding Timber harvesting in the area provides employment to various contractors and companies. The community forest supplies employment and financial assistance to various non-profit groups through harvesting activities. Hunting and Fishing in the area brings in local, provincial and international revenue. Recreational trails and Horse riding trails/area provide local people with many recreational opportunities. Consideration of these values during treatment prescription preparation is important.
3.5 Hazardous Values
There are two gas stations in town with above ground gasoline and diesel storage tanks. One of the gas stations also contains a large above ground propane refilling tank.
These values are both hazardous values and critical infrastructure and should be considered as a location to deploy a sprinkler system (SPU).
Document Recommendation Responsibility The District of Houston should look at investing in a sprinkler system (SPU) that could be deployed at CWPP strategic locations within the village during a wildfire District of Houston event to mitigate risk to hazardous values and critical infrastructure.
3.6 Summary of Recommendations
Section Recommendation Responsibility Next steps The District of Houston should look Staff to look for grant at investing in a sprinkler system availability or room within the (SPU) that could be deployed at municipal budget to purchase a 3.5 strategic locations within the village District of Houston SPU. during a wildfire event to mitigate risk to hazardous values and critical infrastructure.
Section 4: Wildfire Threat and Risk
The intent of this section is to summarize the factors that help determine the wildfire threat around the community. These factors include natural fire regime and ecology, Provincial Strategic Threat Analysis (PSTA), and a local wildfire risk analysis. Risk assessment for wildfire and its impacts to communities considers both the likelihood of a wildfire and the potential
16 consequence associated with that likelihood. For example, if the fuel (i.e. the hazard) ignites and the fire spreads towards the community (probability), the wildfire can become a threat to life and property (consequence) with an associated risk of loss.
4.1 Fire Regime, Fire Danger Days & Climate Change
The intent of this sub-section is to provide the ecological context of wildfire for the community and to describe the role of fire (frequency and intensity) in the local ecosystem under historical conditions, and the potential implications of future conditions, caused by the interruption of the natural fire cycle and/or climate change.
4.1.1 Fire Regime
The Houston WUI falls within the Babine variant of the Sub-Boreal Spruce Biogeoclimatic Zone and the dry cool subzone (SBSdk) with some very minor components of SBS mc2 and ESSF mc. The WUI falls within Natural Disturbance Type 3. Historically, this forest ecosystem experienced frequent fires that ranged in size from small spot fires to fires covering tens of thousands of hectares. As a result of the frequent stand-initiating wildfires that occurred in these dry forests, the landscape is characterized by a mosaic of even-aged stands.
The majority of private land within the WUI has been clearcut and converted into farm land or residential housing. However there are large treed areas on private land with the majority being located in the north and eastern portions of the WUI. The farm land is mostly hay fields that are maintained and will pose a low risk for ground fires. Cultivated farms provide good fire breaks where as non-maintained or cultivated farm land does not. Over 50% of the Houston WUI that is not private land has been clear cut harvested within the last 35 years imitating a NDT3 disturbance. These harvested areas have been planted with pine and spruce and are consistently under 12 meters in height. There is very little slash and forest floor debris within these areas. This lack of any substantial litter and forest floor debris will make any ground fire move slowly within these stands. As a large percentage of the WUI is young seral stands the presence of forest health issues such as insect are not prevalent within the WUI. There are a few small stands with old Mountain Pine Beetle infestations, however the majority of beetle attack was removed in the previous CWPP. Currently Spruce Bark Beetle (IBS) is showing up in the surrounding forests but currently no infestation sites are known within the WUI.
4.1.2 Fire Weather Rating
The Ministry of Forest, Lands & Natural Resource Operations weather station located at Dungate is the closest geographically and considered representative of the Houston area.
Although the data in Table 1 does not show many days that the danger class is in extreme it should be noted that extreme fire behavior and significant threat as well as fire start potential can be present when the class is high. The impacts of the changing climate are not fully understood as of yet and this issue will continue to develop as the effects become apparent. Based on climate change predictions, Houston could see an increase in the high/extreme fire danger days.
17 The data from the applicable weather station was looked at and analyzed, utilizing data ranging from 1980 to 2017. The summary of that analysis is contained in the following table (Table 1).
Table 1: Average Days by Danger Class (Fire Weather Data, 1980-2017) Weather Station Maximum Annual Fire Weather Days by Class
High Extreme Dungate 37 10 Note: The majority of high and extreme fire days occur between June to August
4.1.3 Climate Change
The definition of climate as used in this document is as follows:
“Climate is the statistics of weather usually over a 30-year interval. It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time. Climate differs from weather, in that weather only describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region.”
Although there is much debate on why our climate is changing, it is generally accepted that it is. We are witnessing earlier melts in spring, warmer temperatures during the winter than we saw historically 30 years or more ago. This climate change within our region will result in:
• Drier forest conditions, longer fire seasons, potentially more drought conditions resulting in more high and extreme fire days per year. • Shift in vegetation. Potential ranges of species will move northward and upward in elevation. • Increased forest health issues such as the MPB epidemic we recently experienced and the IBS we are currently seeing. • Changes in weather patterns with potential of what we may call extreme weather events. • Potential forest fire frequency increase.
The impacts of the changing climate are not fully understood as of yet and this issue will continue to develop as the effects become apparent.
Based on climate change predictions, Houston could see an increase in the high/extreme fire danger days. (Table 1 in section 4.1.2)
18 4.2 Provincial Strategic Threat Analysis (PSTA)
The PSTA is a high level analysis and is a starting point to assess the relative wildfire threat. It utilizes provincial fuel type mapping, historical fire occurrence data, topography, and historic weather station data; and interprets this data. Note that the PSTA is conducted at the provincial level and has a number of limitations. The PSTA information is complemented with a local wildfire threat analysis that considers local factors to improve the wildfire threat assessment (see Section 4.3). The PSTA includes information and maps that describe fuel types, historical fire density, and the potential for embers to land in an area (spotting impact), head fire intensity, and the final wildfire threat. Wildfire threat is directly related to the likelihood of hazardous fuel igniting and fire spreading into the community either directly or through ember transport. The PSTA provides information to help evaluate the 3 conditions necessary for a wildfire to threaten a community: 1. an ignition occurs (Fire History) 2. the resulting fire generates sufficient intensity (Head Fire Intensity) and spread rate, 3. the fire spreads into and/or transports embers into the community (Spotting Impact)
4.2.1 PSTA Final Wildfire Threat Rating
The PSTA Wildfire Threat Ratings in the Houston WUI area are generally high in the south and southwest portion of the WUI. These areas pose a higher threat to the community as the wind predominately comes from the west and southwest. The area to the west of town is considered to be moderate and although the winds do come from the west there is less of a hazard due to the lower threat rating. The area north of town has a south aspect with steep slopes and has an extreme wildfire threat rating. However predominant winds from the west-southwest mixed with a topography that slopes uphill on the north side of town away from the community reduces the risk of wildfire in this portion of the WUI. Potential for cross slope winds from prevailing westerlies on the slopes north of the community do put some structures at risk of wildfire in this area. The eastern portion of the WUI is a mix of moderate, high and extreme wildfire threat. This area is fairly low risk as the wind direction should cause any fires in these areas to spread away from the majority of structures and out of the WUI. However there are a few individual structures that could possibly be at risk depending on the location of the wildfire ignition. If a fire occurs here with winds present out of the east this area also would become a significant threat to the community.
4.2.2 Spotting Impact
Wildfire research shows that a high percentage of structure losses are from embers being transported to and igniting structures and subsequent structure-to-structure ignitions1. The Spotting Impact Layer estimates the threat of embers impacting a given point on the landscape from the fuel types surrounding it.
The PSTA for Houston shows that the threat in the south and southwest portion of the WUI has a moderate to high spotting impact with an extreme spotting impact located just outside of the WUI. The prevailing winds blow from the west and southwest which means structures along this boundary are at the greatest risk. Along the western portion of the WUI the spotting impact is
1 Partners in Protection. 2003. FireSmart: Protecting Your Community from Wildfire. Second edition. Partners in Protection. Edmonton, AB.
19 low. The northern part of the WUI is a mix of moderate to extreme. However prevailing winds mixed with south aspects that face away from the community reduce the risk of wildfire moving towards the community. It is expected that spotting will have a low impact in this area on the town. The eastern portion of the WUI is a mix of moderate to high spotting impact. Prevailing winds should minimize the impact spotting will have on the majority of town but some structures may still be impacted by spotting.
4.2.3 Head Fire Intensity
Head Fire Intensity (HFI) represents the energy output at the flame front of a wildfire and is measured in kilowatts per meter (kW/m). Head Fire Intensity is related to the rate at which a fire spreads and fuel consumption at the leading edge of the fire. Previous correlation has shown that the higher the HFI the greater the fire suppression difficulty. The expected Head Fire Intensity during 90th percentile fire weather rating for the Houston WUI in the south, southwest, east and northern portions of the WUI are generally 10000.01-18000 kW/m (Fire Intensity class 6). The western portion of the WUI is generally 2000.01-4000 kW/m ( Fire Intensity class 3). The table below explains how HFI will affect Houston.
PSTA - Fire Intensity Fire Intensity Flame Length Likely Fire Behavior4 HFI Class kW/m Class2 (meters)3
1 0.01 – 1,000 2 < 1.8 Smoldering surface fire 2 1,000.01 – 3 1.8 to 2.5 Moderate vigor surface fire 2,000 3 2,000.01 – 4 2.5-3.5 Vigorous surface fire 4.000 4 4,000.01 – 5 3.5 to 4.2 Vigorous surface fire with occasional torching 6,000 5 6,000.01 – 5 4.2 to 5.3 Vigorous surface fire with intermittent 10,000 crowning 6 10,000.01 – 6 12.3 to 18.2 Highly vigorous surface fire with torching 18,000 and/or continuous crown fire 7 18,000.01 – 6 18.2 to 25.6 Extremely vigorous surface fire and 30,000 continuous crown fire
4.2.4 Fire History
Local fire start history has been shown on MAP 5. With the exception of one 86.5ha fire in 1982 there have been no recent recorded fire starts greater than 1 ha since 1965 in the WUI. All fire starts in the WUI have been successfully actioned by either BCWS or municipal firefighters and suppressed before the fire became a threat to District of Houston. In 2010 there was another fire (Parrott Fire) located 30km southwest of town that impacted residences on Buck Flats and in 2014 there was a fire (China Knows) 20 km to the east of Houston that impacted the residence close to the fire and closed the Highway down for a short time. Neither of these fires directly impacted the District of Houston.
2 Head fire intensity should be classified by intensity class not fire rank. Fire rank is a visual description of conifer fires for air operations. 3 For calculating Flame Length, Bryam (1959) was used for surface fire (<10 000 kW/m) and Thomas (1963) was used for crown fire situations (>10 000 kW/m). 4 These characteristic will be different in open and closed forest fuel.
20
The largest historic fire to occur in the WUI was in 1922 and was 448.5 hectares. The nearest recorded large fire edge was 20kms south in 1983 (the Swiss Fire- >22000ha) but this only impacted residences outside of the WUI.
4.3 Local Wildfire Threat Assessment
The intent of this sub-section is to provide a detailed assessment of the local wildfire threat, including field reviewed fuel characteristics, proximity of fuel to the community, local fire spread patterns, topographical considerations and local factors.
Key components to developing treatment recommendations in this CWPP document considered the following local wildfire threat factors:
1. proximity of fuel to the community 2. fire spread patterns 3. topography 4. values at risk (hazardous materials/ combustible materials) 5. fire weather patterns 6. historic fire incidents 7. potential fire starts due to human activities (i.e. quad and hiking trail locations)
4.3.1 Fuel Type Verification
Part of the wildfire threat assessment described above involved analysis of the provincial fuel type mapping layer. This is a high level map derived from the provincial Vegetation Resource Inventory (VRI) and often requires ground trothing at the site level to ensure accuracy of the fuel type data. Based on field verification fuel type errors were identified and these fuel types were corrected and submitted to the province to update the provincial database. The following fuel types are found within the Houston WUI and are shown on Map 6: • C2 -- Dense Spruce fuel type • C3 – Conifer stand fuel type • M1/2 – Mixed wood conifer and deciduous stand • D1 /D2 – Deciduous stand fuel type • O1a/b – Brush and grass fuel type • S1/S2 – Slash Fuel type The table below shows the potential crown fire / spotting potential by fuel types present in the Houston WUI.
21 Table 1: Fuel Type Categories and Crown Fire Spot Potential Fuel Type - Crown Fire/ Spot Fuel Type Categories Potential 1 C2 High 2 C3, M1-M2 > 50% conifer Moderate 3 O1a/b, M1-M2 (26-49% conifer), S1-S2 Low 4 D1, D2, M1-M2 (<26% conifer) Very Low
4.3.2 Proximity of Fuel to the Community
Fuel closest to the community in most cases represents the highest hazard to the value at risk (VAR). The recommended approach is to treat fuels to achieve a desired level of hazard reduction, from the value or structure outward, ensuring mitigation continuity. Untreated areas between treatment areas and the value or structure may allow a wildfire to build in intensity and rate of spread, which can increase the risk to the value. The prevailing winds as discussed in the next section plays a very large factor in determining values at risk.
Houston can be divided into five sections with fuels as seen in the Table below. Location in WUI Fuel Types South and Southwest M1/2, C3 and C2 immediately adjacent to values/structures. West D1/2 with some M1/2 adjacent to values/structures North C3 and M1/2 with mostly M1/2 and D1/2 adjacent to structures. East C3 and M1/2 adjacent to values/structures. Centre Islands of timber with a mixture of D1/2 near structures and values and M1/2 and C2 near values and structures.
4.3.3 Fire Spread Patterns (i.e. ISI Roses)
Wind speed, wind direction, and fine fuel moisture content influences wildfire trajectory and rate of spread, and is summarized in the Initial Spread Index Rose(s) from the local representative BCWS weather station (Figure 4). Wildfire that occurs upwind of a value poses a much more significant threat to that value than a wildfire that occurs downwind. The following Initial Spread Index Rose data for the Dungate shows a trend with the wind coming from the West and South West. The treatment recommendations within this document consider these wind patterns.
22
Figure 4
4.3.4 Topography
The Houston community is located in a valley with slopes averaging from 0-15%. The slope class for the community is less than 20%. There are areas of slope up to 40% within the WUI north and east of the community. The slopes run uphill away from town and with the winds historically coming from the west and south west it is expected that the steeper slopes will have minimal impact on the spread of a fire within the WUI. There are also some north facing slopes located to the south of downtown Houston but with winds predominately coming from the south and southwest these slopes are expected to have minimal impact on the spread of the wildfire as the fire would have to spread downhill.
4.3.6 Local Wildfire Threat Classification
A Provincial Strategic Threat Analysis (PSTA) Threat Rating exists for the entire province. However this rating is a general overview and each local area is adjusted based on field verifying fuel types. These adjusted fuel types impact the Local Wildfire Threat Classification. Local Wildfire Threat Classification is determined using weighted averages of Head Fire Intensity, Fire Density and Spotting Impact. Local Wildfire Threat Classification was adjusted using updated HFI for the fuel type changes. Of the 25 polygon areas only 6 wildfire ranks changed. The rank changes were put into Local Wildfire Risk Summary formulas in section 4.3.7.
4.3.7 Local Wildfire Risk Classifications
Local Wildfire Risk Classifications are determined using a weighted average of Local Threat Score, Proximity to values at risk, Fire Spread Patterns, Slope Position and Percent. All of these factors determine how a wildfire could impact a community. Each community has its own unique values. Local Wildfire Risk Classification calculations were completed on the changed polygon areas. There were no adjustments to the Local Wildfire Risk Classification due to the adjusted Local Wildfire Threat Classifications.
23 4.3.8 Summary of Fire Risk Classes
Local Wildfire Risk Classifications help to determine the final Fire Risk Classes for the area. Map 7 shows local Fire Risk Classes. There were no changes from the Local Wildfire Risk Classifications. Areas that are classified as low risk are stands that if a fire ignites there are a high potential that the wildfire would not spread quickly and there would be a high success rate for extinguishing the fire. Moderate Risk stands have the potential to spot and impact long distance values during extreme fire weather conditions. However generally wildfires move slower through these stands with the rate of spread (2-5 m/min) being faster than stands classified as low. High Risk stands have the potential to spread at a much quicker rate (6-10m/min) and will also not only spread along the forest floor but will also go into the crowns of the trees. These stands have the potential to impact values at a long distance. Extreme stands move quickly (>10m/min) through stands and have the potential to impact values at greater distances. Continuous crown fires, long range spotting, fire whirls and other extreme fire behavior phenomena are more likely. The District of Houston has a mix of classes. The high and moderate classes are generally located to the south of Houston. These stands have the greatest potential to impact Houston as winds predominately come from the west and southwest. The majority of the extreme fire risk classes are located to the north and east of Houston. With prevailing winds from the west and southwest the potential impact to the majority of Houston is less. The summary below shows how many hectares in the WUI are in each class.
Summary Class Hectares Extreme 1119.88 High 3147.93 Moderate 3388.62 Low 189.54 No Risk 228.94 No Data 8369.26 Total 16444.16 Note: No Risk in this chart consists of water features and No Data is private land.
Section 5: Risk Management and Mitigation Factors
The following section outlines the strategies the District of Houston can put into practice to reduce the risk and the impact of a wildfire.
5.1 Fuel Management
Fuel Management is a tool used to reduce fire behavior potential. By implementing various fuel management techniques such as harvesting, thinning and pruning interface and primary fuel breaks can be created to reduce fire behavior potential. Interface fuel breaks are on Crown Land immediately adjacent to private land and are designed to modify fire behavior and improve suppression outcomes. They are usually 100m wide and if possible join natural fire break features. Primary fuel breaks are located further away from private land and are meant to
24 modify fuel behavior, create better suppression opportunities and reduce the risk of a fire reaching the community. Width of the fire break is variable and natural features are used where possible. There have been 8 areas of proposed treatments to reduce the risk of wildland fire impacts to the community. Most of the WUI is classified as high threat and these proposed treatment areas will establish a fire break and reduce the amount of fuel available for a wildfire event adjacent to values at risk.
Treatment area 1: This treatment area is located in the centre portion of the WUI and is surrounded by private land. This treatment is meant to provide an interface fuel break for values in this area surrounded by sub-divisions. This area is comprised of mostly mature and immature M 1/2 fuel type that was previously harvested to remove infected pine trees. The remaining stand of M 1/2 is a mix of dense low crown base height spruce and pine with some open areas. There are also C-2, C-3 and D 1/2 stands within this area. The average slope is under 20%. This area is a heavily used recreation area with a high potential for accidental fire starts.
Treatment area 2: This treatment area is located in the SW portion of the WUI along private land. This treatment is meant to provide a 100m interface fuel break for values in the WUI. This area is a combination of M-1/2 and C2 fuel types. The stands are mostly spruce with some pine and scattered aspen. There are clumps of regen understory of balsam and spruce. Thinning and/or reducing fuels present should reduce fire threat and decrease ground to crown transfer. Average slopes are less than 20%. A plot was not done in this treatment area due to access constraints. However through ortho typing this treatment area is similar to adjacent fuel type areas which do have plots in them such as plot 20, 27, 28 and 30.
Treatment area 3: This treatment area is located in the West and SW portion of the WUI. This treatment is designed to provide a primary fuel break that will modify wildfire behavior and create fire suppression options that reduce the risk of a wildfire reaching the community. This area is a combination of C-2, C- M 1/2 and D-1/2 fuel types. The C-2 and C-3 stands are a mix of spruce and pine. Some of these stands are old harvested blocks that have young trees 4-12m tall with low crown closure. Other areas are mature stands with dense or patchy understory. The M 1/2 type is a mix of spruce with scattered deciduous with patchy understory of spruce and pine. Winds historically come from the west and southwest of the WUI. A fire start in this area is most likely to impact the majority of values and critical infrastructure in the community. This area is part of BCTS and Canfor planning areas and a woodlot. Partnering with the licensees to plan treatments in this area may be possible. A 100m wide continuous primary fuel break that connects existing roads and other less flammable features should be established in this zone.
Treatment area 4: This treatment area is located in the south and SE portion of the WUI. This treatment is designed to provide a primary fuel break that will modify wildfire behavior and create fire suppression options that reduce the risk of a wildfire reaching the community. This area is a combination of C-2, C-3, M 1/2 and D-1/2 fuel types. The C-2 and C-3 stands are a mix of spruce and pine. The M 1/2 type is a mix of spruce with scattered deciduous with patchy understory of spruce and pine. Winds historically come from the west and southwest of the WUI. A fire start in this area is most likely to impact the eastern values in the WUI. This area is part of BCTS planning area and a woodlot. Partnering with the licensees to plan treatments in this area may be possible. Where possible use existing roads and natural features to develop a continuous primary fuel break.
25 Treatment area 5: This treatment area is located in the eastern portion of the WUI . This treatment location is designed to provide a 100m-interface fuel break for values in the WUI. This area is a mix of M 1/2 and D 1/2. The M 1/2 fuel type is typically mature Spruce with some scattered Aspen. The average slopes are less than 20%. An interface fuel break in this area is designed to reduce wildfire behavior during southeast winds and the occasional easterly wind.
Treatment area 6: This treatment area is located in the northern portion of the WUI. This treatment is meant to provide a 100m-interface fuel break for values in the WUI. The fuel type in this area is M 1/2, C-3 and D 1/2. The fuel type in this area is primarily a mature spruce stand with a small percentage of deciduous content. This treatment area parallels a high use road with many adjacent values with south facing slopes between 25-45%. A fire start here would spread quickly. Fuel treatments in this location would reduce fuel accumulations along the high use road.
Treatment area 7: This treatment area is located in the eastern portion of the WUI. This treatment is meant to provide a primary fuel break that will modify wildfire behavior and create fire suppression options that reduce the risk of a wildfire reaching the community. The C-2 and C-3 fuel types are immature pine/spruce trees 4-12m tall with spruce/pine understory. The M 1/2 includes spruce stands with scattered aspen. Slope range from 10-40% in this area. This area is part of the Houston community forest. Partnering with the licensee to plan treatments in this area may be possible. Where possible use existing roads and natural features to develop a 100m wide continuous primary fuel break in this zone.
Treatment area 8: This treatment area is located in the northern portion of the WUI . This treatment is meant to provide a primary fuel break that will modify wildfire behavior and create fire suppression options that reduce the risk of a wildfire reaching the community. The fuel type in this area is mostly a M 1/2 fuel type with scattered patches of C-3 and D 1/2. Stands are generally spruce with scattered aspen and birch. Slopes are 25-45% and slope facing. It will be more difficult to conduct treatments due to slope but hand treatment of ground fuels and or pruning may be able to be done. This area is part of BCTS planning areas. Partnering with the licensee to plan treatments in this area may be possible. Where possible use existing roads and natural features to develop a 100m wide continuous primary fuel break in this zone.
26 Proposed treatments for fuel management:
FTU Total Treatment Unit Type / Objective Priority Overlapping Values Treatment # Area / Treatment Rationale E/H/M/L (ha) Constraints Location and • Fuel reduction adjacent proximity to to private lands to VARs that are modify fire behaviour to at risk due to allow suppression fuel type, activities Initial Spread • Fuel type is M 1/2, C-2, Index Rose C-3, D 1/2 data and • Proposed width Area historic fire surrounded by sub- data and divisions ground plots • Potential treatment showing high activities: threat hazard. -Thinning and or Overlap BCTS High 1 421.32 H commercial thinning Tenure recreational -Pruning area. Potential -Tree removal for accidental -Ground fuel fire starts. reduction with hand crews brushing and manual or small machine piling and burning of all piles created -stand species conversion - maintain as needed in future years. Location and • Fuel reduction adjacent proximity to to private lands to VARs that are modify fire behaviour to at risk due to allow suppression fuel type, activities Initial Spread • Fuel type is M-1/2 and Overlap BCTS Index Rose C-2 and Canfor data and 2 22.82 H Forest • Proposed width 100m historic fire Tenure and a • Potential Fuel treatment data and Woodlot activities: ground plots -Thinning and or showing high commercial thinning threat hazard. -Pruning -Ground fuel reduction with hand
27 crews brushing and manual or small machine piling and burning of all piles created - maintain as needed in future years
• Fuel reduction
adjacent to private
lands to lower fire
intensity to allow
suppression
activities
• Fuel type is M 1/2,
C-2, C-3 and D 1/2 Location and • Proposed width proximity to variable VARs that are • Potential Fuel at risk due to treatment activities: fuel type, - create a 100 m wide Initial Spread continual primary Index Rose fuel break in area Overlap BCTS data and utilizing existing and Canfor historic fire 1439.5 3 roads and natural H Forest data and 5 features where Tenure and a ground plots possible. Woodlot showing high - reduce fuels threat hazard. through harvesting -Thinning and or commercial thinning -Pruning -Ground fuel reduction with hand crews brushing and manual or small machine piling and burning of all piles created - maintain as needed in future years Location and • Fuel reduction proximity to adjacent to private Overlap BCTS VARs that are lands to lower fire Forest 4 246.3 M at risk due to intensity to allow Tenure and a fuel type, suppression woodlot Initial Spread activities
28 • Fuel type is M 1/2, Index Rose C-2, C-3 and D 1/2 data and • Proposed width historic fire variable data and • Potential Fuel ground plots treatment activities: showing moderate - create a 100 m wide threat hazard. continual primary fuel break in area utilizing existing roads and natural features where possible. - reduce fuels through harvesting -Thinning and or commercial thinning -Pruning -Ground fuel reduction with hand crews brushing and manual or small machine piling and burning of all piles created maintain as needed in future years
• Fuel reduction adjacent
to private lands to
modify fire behaviour to
allow suppression Location and activities proximity to • Fuel type is M-1/2, and VARs that are D 1/2 at risk due to • Proposed width 100m fuel type, • Potential Fuel treatment Overlap BCTS Initial Spread 5 15.95 activities: M Forest Index Rose -Thinning and or Tenure data and commercial thinning historic fire -Pruning data and -Ground fuel ground plots reduction with hand showing high crews brushing and threat hazard. manual or small machine piling and burning of all piles created
29 - maintain as needed in future years
• Fuel reduction adjacent
to private lands to
modify fire behaviour to
allow suppression Location and activities proximity to • Fuel type is M-1/2, C-3 Overlap BCTS VARs that are and D 1/2 Forest at risk due to • Proposed width 100m Tenure and fuel type, • Potential Fuel treatment Woodlot Initial Spread activities: Index Rose -Thinning and or data and 6 40.42 M commercial thinning historic fire -Pruning data and -Ground fuel ground plots reduction with hand showing high crews brushing and threat hazard. manual or small machine piling and burning of all piles created - maintain as needed in future years
• Fuel reduction
adjacent to private
lands to lower fire
intensity to allow
suppression
activities
• Fuel type is M 1/2, Location and C-2, C-3 and D 1/2 proximity to • Proposed width VARs that are variable at risk due to 7 499.9 L • Potential Fuel Overlap fuel type, treatment activities: Houston Initial Spread - create a 100 m wide Community Index Rose continual primary Forest and data and fuel break in area BCTS Forest historic fire utilizing existing Tenure data and roads and natural ground plots features where showing high possible. threat hazard - reduce fuels through harvesting
30 -Thinning and or commercial thinning -Pruning -Ground fuel reduction with hand crews brushing and manual or small machine piling and burning of all piles created • maintain as needed in future years
• Fuel reduction
adjacent to private
lands to lower fire
intensity to allow
suppression
activities
• Fuel type is M 1/2,
C-3 and D 1/2
• Proposed width Location and variable proximity to • Potential Fuel VARs that are treatment activities: at risk due to - create a 100 m wide fuel type, continual primary Overlap BCTS Initial Spread fuel break in area Forest Index Rose utilizing existing Tenure and data and 8 213.42 roads and natural L various historic fire features where Woodlots data and possible. ground plots - reduce fuels showing high through harvesting threat hazard. -Thinning and or commercial thinning -Pruning -Ground fuel reduction with hand crews brushing and manual or small machine piling and burning of all piles created • maintain as needed in future years
31 5.2 FireSmart Planning & Activities
Houston presently is not a FireSmart community. Currently the fire chief is the only trained person in fire smart. FireSmart pamphlets are available at various locations around town.
5.2.1 FireSmart Goals & Objectives
The general goal of FireSmart within this CWPP is to encourage private land owners to adopt and conduct FireSmart practices to reduce the fuel hazard and implement other measures to minimize damages to assets on their property from wildfire: 1. Reduce the potential for an active crown fire to move through private land. 2. Reduce the potential for ember transport through private land and structures. 3. Create landscape conditions around properties where fire suppression efforts can be effective and safe for responders and resources. 4. Treat fuels adjacent and nearby to structures to reduce the probability of ignition from radiant heat, direct flame contact, and/or ember transport. 5. Implement measures to structures and assets that reduce the probability of ignition and loss. Research has shown that a value that has been treated in accordance with FireSmart principles has a much larger change of survival in a wildfire situation. Treatment of adjacent fuels further enhances survival probability.
Houston is encouraging residences to reduce fuel hazards through public awareness and education on FireSmart principles through the access of Fire Smart pamphlets.
5.2.2 Key Aspects of FireSmart for Local Governments
FireSmart Activities can be used to mitigate the risk of a wildfire. The following are examples of ways to mitigate the risks.
Table 5.2.2 Topic FireSmart Examples
Communication, • Host a FireSmart day Education & • Use local government and First Nation newsletters and Partnerships social media • Undertake FireSmart Local Representative or Community Champion training • Apply for FireSmart Community Recognition • Form a FireSmart committee • Encourage homeowners and/or neighborhoods to undertake FireSmart site assessments and area assessments
32 Vegetation • Develop policies and practices for FireSmart maintenance management of public spaces, such as parks and open spaces • Use landscaping requirements in zoning and development permits to require fire resistive landscaping • Provide access to a chipper or dumpster for debris drop-off from pruning or thinning on private properties • Encourage landowners to ensure crops are irrigated and harvested to create fire barriers
Planning & • Develop policies and practices for FireSmart construction Development and maintenance of public buildings • Establish Development Permit Areas for Wildfire Hazard in order to require FireSmart exterior finishing • Consider wildfire prevention and suppression in the design of subdivisions (e.g. road widths, turning radius for emergency vehicles, and access and egress points) • Coordinate the reviews of new developments across multiple departments, including the fire department • Consider mutual-aid fire control agreements
Increasing local capacity • Develop and maintain Structural Protection Units (SPU) and/or learn how Emergency Management BC deploys SPUs for interface fires • Provide sprinkler kits (at cost) to residents • Cross-train fire departments to include structural fire and wildfire training
Currently Houston is promoting education of Firesmart through the availability of pamphlets for residences. In order to reduce vegetation waste and possible fuel for a wildfire it has provided access to a dumping site for debris from pruned trees. The District of Houston also has an Open Burning and Air Quality Bylaw #947, 2006 that requires a burning permit for all residential or industrial burning. This bylaw with its permitting requirement will help ensure that human caused early spring grass fires as well as human caused fires starting within the municipality during elevated fire hazards because of burning activities are greatly reduced. One of the critical components of making FireSmart principles viable on both public and private lands is funding. The District of Houston should look at funding opportunities for FireSmart initiatives to develop further opportunities and/or programs such as listed in Table 5.2.2 in the Communications, Vegetation Management, Planning and Development and Increasing local capacity sections.
Document Recommendation Responsibility The District of Houston should look at funding opportunities for FireSmart initiatives to assist in CWPP achieving the FireSmart recommendations in this District of Houston section of the CWPP
33 5.2.3 Identify Priority Areas within the Area of Interest for FireSmart
The entire community has a roll to play in achieving the goal of becoming a FireSmart community, however, some residences are at higher risk due to their location adjacent to the surrounding forest. These higher risk residences in the following table will be a priority for assessments.
Area ID Wildfire FireSmart FireSmart Recommended FireSmart Activities Risk Rating Canada Y/N Recognition (E/H/M/L) Received Y/N
Site visits to complete area assessment. Encourage and assist land owners in site 1.0- Lund assessments Road Area H N N Educate land owners in ways to reduce their hazard level.
CWPP assistance in treating crown land adjacent to private property.
Site visits to complete area assessment. Encourage and assist land owners in site 2.0- Dungate assessments Estates Area H N N Educate land owners in ways to reduce their hazard level.
CWPP assistance in treating crown land adjacent to private property.
Site visits to complete area assessment.
3.0- Encourage and assist land owners in site BuckFlats assessments Road H N N Educate land owners in ways to reduce their hazard level. CWPP assistance in treating crown land adjacent to private property.
Site visits to complete area assessment. Encourage and assist land owners in site 4.0 Canfor assessments Area H N N Educate land owners in ways to reduce their hazard level. CWPP assistance in treating crown land adjacent to private property.
34 Site visits to complete area assessment. Encourage and assist land owners in site 5.0 North assessments Road Area H N N Educate land owners in ways to reduce their hazard level. CWPP assistance in treating crown land adjacent to private property.
5.3 Community Communication and Education
In order for the CWPP to be successful the community needs to be engaged, informed and supportive of the process and recommendations. The CWPP will be made accessible to the public at either the district office or online. Currently there are no other community communication and education strategies being implemented. It is recommended that the community apply for Fire Smart funding in order to help establish these. Communication strategies regarding wildfire risk and priority measures should be done by the community. As well as an education strategy to reduce human caused fires. A process will need to be established in order to encourage stakeholders in the forest sector to identify opportunities for mutually beneficial treatments.
5.4 Other Prevention Measures
Houston also has an Open Burning and Air Quality Bylaw #947, 2006 that requires a burning permit for all residential or industrial burning. This bylaw with its permitting requirement will help reduce person caused fires starting within the municipality during elevated fire hazards. There is a public waste site available to residents to dispose of vegetation material. Fire Burning Bans put on my BCWS are followed by the town and advertised on the radio.
5.5 Summary of Recommendations
Section Recommendation Responsibility/Funding Next Steps Source 5.1 Establish and treat 8 treatment District of Houston / SWPI Proceed to next phase of SWPI program units as recommended in this and apply for funding for prescription document. phase. This is to write prescriptions for the recommended treatments. 5.2 Apply for funding for FireSmart District of Houston / SWPI Apply for government funding for assistance in funding for FireSmart 5.2 Establish a FireSmart Board. District of Houston / Hold community meeting to establish
FireSmart funding board 5.2 Conduct site visits and District of Houston / Identify staff or hire a contractor to community assessments. FireSmart funding conduct assessments
35 5.2 Hold a community FireSmart District of Houston / Schedule and hold a community day. FireSmart funding FireSmart day to promote and get involvement into FireSmart program. 5.2 Develop a communications District of Houston / Identify staff or hire a contractor to strategy for public FireSmart FireSmart funding develop communications strategy and CWPP activities.
5.2 Amendments to Official District of Houston / Adopt recommendations and include in Community Plan and bylaw FireSmart funding next OCP amendment review and updates. 5.2 Apply for FireSmart Community District of Houston / When FireSmart objective met apply for Recognition Status. FireSmart funding recognition
5.3 Continue CWPP community District of Houston Develop a communication strategy engagement regarding wildfire risk and priority mitigation measures
5.3 Continue CWPP community District of Houston Develop a process to encourage engagement stakeholders in the natural resources sector to identify opportunities for mutually beneficial forest/fuel treatments 5.3 Continue CWPP community District of Houston Develop a public education strategy engagement designed to reduce human caused fires
5.3 Continue CWPP community District of Houston Develop a fire smart communication engagement plan.
5.3 Continue CWPP community District of Houston Complete draft of Houston CWPP and engagement hold a public meeting after making the draft available for review at the district office and post the document on the website.
Section 6: Wildfire Response Resources
Interface fires are complex incidents that typically involve both wildland and structural fires that require resources from multiple agencies.
6.1 Local Government Firefighting Resources
The District of Houston has one volunteer fire department with 30 members. Half of the members are trained in Structure Protection Program Wildland Fire Fighter Level 1(SPPWFF1) with half also being trained in incident command.
36 6.1.1 Fire Departments and Equipment
Houston Volunteer Fire Department has a fire hall that houses its 3 fire trucks (1000gal) and 1 tender (1500 gal). The hall contains SCBA equipment and other equipment to respond to structure fires within its Fire Protection Area (FPA). The department is capable of responding to small interface fires within the WUI but will need support from government resources on all but small spot fires. As noted in previous sections of this document the District has an EPP which contains evacuation plans for events that put public safety and resource values at risk. A recommendation has been made in this document to look at purchasing a sprinkler system (SPU) capable of protecting multiple structures within the community in the event of a wildfire.
6.1.2 Water Availability for Wildfire Suppression
Houston has 2 mains wells with no auxiliary generators and 2 main wells with dedicated auxiliary diesel generators that will ensure water supply continues in the event of an emergency when the BC hydro power supply is interrupted. There will also be two water towers with 2.27 million liter capacity. With Houston being located along the Bulkley River and the Morice River there are numerous locations that water can be pumped into trucks. Water bucketing with helicopters can be filled from nearby Klinger Lake.
6.1.3 Access and Evacuation
There is an evacuation plan contained within the community EPP. There is one main access road through Houston, which is Highway #16. In the event of this route being compromised there are two evacuation routes that could be considered. There is the Michelle Bay Forest Service road (aka North Road) to the north of town that can be accessed on the western side of town near where the HWY #16 bridge crosses over the Bulkley river. This road can be accessed from various points to the East. The closest point is at 9km on the North road where it joins into HWY #16 off of Mountain View road. There is also an egress route to the south of town. On the western side it starts from the Morice River FSR near the Canfor mill and heads east along what is locally known as the Rabbit Trail. It runs into Buck Flats Road where drivers will have to turn south on and connect onto Lund Road. This leads all the way over to Mountain View Drive. Buck Creek does divide the town at this point and the only way to go further east is to go back down to the HWY #16 and cross the bridge there. To go south of town the Morice River FSR can be taken. Through various other roads this route eventually leads to Burns Lake.
6.1.4. Training
Houston’s volunteer fire department members have received structural protection training. Training such as Basic Fire Suppression and Fireline Safety (S100), Fire Entrapment Avoidance (S185) and Fire Operations in the Wildland Urban Interface (S215) or holding mock exercises with the BCWS should be considered to ensure effective coordination between BCWS and the fire department should a wildfire occur at the interface. In the above section 2.5.1 it was recommended that the community EPP be updated to identify wildfire interface exercises. It is recommended that a future exercise be conducted with the BCWS. There are many members in the community who work in the forest industry and who are trained in S100. These people could possibly be used in the event of an interface fire.
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Document Location Recommendation CWPP Sec. 6.1.4 Houston fire department and community staff should conduct a joint exercise for a mock interface fire with the BCWS. CWPP Sec. 6.1.4 It is recommended that the District of Houston should consider identifying any personnel in the community with extensive wildfire experience into their EOC plans to assist them in the case of a wildfire incident.
6.2 Structure Protection
The District of Houston currently does not own a Structure Protection Unit (SPU). It has been recommended within this document that the fire department / local government look at purchasing a SPU / sprinkler system to help protect values within the community during a wildfire event. SPU’s are very effective in that they are mobile and they can be placed strategically in front of the oncoming wildfire. Depending on what portion of the WUI the fire starts in the SPU can be moved to protect structures that are directly in line with the fire. A plan on effective SPU use and types of locations or pre-fitting of mounting hardware on resource values should be completed.
6.3 Summary of Recommendations
Recommendation Recommendation Responsibility / Next Steps Section ID # Funding Source Houston fire department and Houston Municipal Houston to review and make a community staff should conduct a Government decision on recommendation. 6.1.4 joint exercise for a mock interface Discussion with Fire Dept. fire with the BCWS. members on logistics of a mock wildfire exercise. It is recommended that the District Houston to review and make a of Houston identify any personnel in decision on recommendation. the community with extensive 6.1.4 wildfire experience into their EOC plans to assist them in the case of a wildfire incident.
38 Appendix One: Wildfire Threat Assessment – FBP Fuel Type Change Rationale
Appendix Two: Wildfire Threat Assessment Worksheets and Photos
Appendix Three: Maps
39 UTM 09 NAD83 Woodlots 1:30,000 Woodlots 6 Houston BC Community Wildfire Protection Plan 1 y a w Map 1: Area of Interest h ig H 1:30,000 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 Woodlots Range Unit: PEROW Meters 1 centimeter = 300 meters Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5° Proposed Treatment 6
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1:30,000 6 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 1 y Michelle Bay FSR a Meters w h ig 1 centimeter = 300 meters H Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5°
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1:10,000 0 55 110 220 330 440 550 Meters 1 centimeter = 100 meters Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5°
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VAR Critical Infrastructure point Major Road BC Hydro High Voltage Line PNG Natural Gas Pipeline Structure, noncritical Structure, critical Cadastral Lines AOI_2.5km HCWPP WUI Houston BC Municipal Bdy SR e F ric Structure_Density_HCMWoPP 0-6 buildings/km2 6-25 buildings/km2 25-100 buildings/km2 100-250 buildings/km2 250+ buildings/km2 2008 2012 2009 2012 2012 1985 2012 1934 2008 2008 2007 2012 1962 2017 2016 UTM 09 1922 2012 2012 2007 NAD83 2008 2012 Ho1:u30s,0t0o0 n BC Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2008 2007 2012 1987 1986 2008 2008 2012 2007 2012 2016 2017 2009 1934 Map 3: Fire Regime, Ecology and Climate Change 2012 1928 2008 2007 2012 2010 6 2007 2017 1 1:30,000 2017 2008 y 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 2017 a 2008 2013 Michelle Bay FSR w 2010 2012 2017 h Meters 2012 ig 2008 H 2008 1 centimeter = 300 meters 2007 2017 2013 2008 Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 2017 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 2014 2007 2007 2010 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 2008 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 192.50°05 2013 2005 2013 2001 2005 2010 2013 2005 2006 2013 2008 2008 2013 2005 2011 2013 1941 2008 1990 2013 2014 2009 2005 2014 2013 2003 2004 2008 2011 2013 ESSFmc 2007 2013 2008 2009 2009 2009 1989 SBSmc2 2011 1922 2012 1920 2009 2012 2009 2012 1922 2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2002 2008 2009 2009 2009 1995 2007 1987 2009 1922 2009 2008 2008 1989 2009 2009 2008 2009 2008 2008 1994 2008 2008 2008 2009 2011 1978 2009 2009 2012 2008 1965 2009 2008 2008 2009 2008 2011 2009 1920 2005 1987 2009 2012 1990 2012 2008 2009 2009 2008 2007 2008 2008 2009 2011 2009 2007 2003 2008 2009 2008 2008 1999 1988 2004 2005 2008 2008 2007 1999 1995 2008 2008 2008 1999 1999 2008 2008 1985 2008 1922 2008 2007 1989 2008 2008 2008 2008 1975 2008 1976 2008 2009 2008 2007 2006 2008 2007 2005 1932 1999 2009 2007 2009 2008 2008 2007 2001 2007 1999 2009 1987 1922 2012 1981 2008 1999 1938 1986 1987 2006 2000 1976 1987 2008 1995 2008 1931 2008 1995 1988 2008 2006 1980 2007 1965 1980 1999 1964 2009 2006 1993 1962 2000
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1984 1995 1996 2000 1992 2005 2002 2001 ESSFmc 2014 2006 2015 2005 2007 1983 1932 2014 2014 2007 2007 1980 Legend 2014 1983 1988 2005 Major Road 1983 2007 1995 BEC 2005 1990 2002 Houston BC AOI and WUI 2005 2005 Houston BC Municipal Bdy 2007 2012 1976 FCODE 2007 1991 1983 Previous Treatment 2000 SBSmc2 Historical_Fire_Polys SBSmc2 1999 1986 1979 Consolidated Cutblocks 2012 2007 2012 2012 2007 DISTURBANCE_END_DATE 2012 1934 Note: E2n007 tire area is wESSiFtmchin 20y-10y 1992 1994 10y-5y 2012 1993 <5 2007 1978 Na20t07 ural Disturbance Type 3 2012 1924 1995 2000 UTM 09 NAD83 Ho1:u30s,0t0o0 n BC Community Wildfire Protection Plan Map 4: PSTA Head Fire Intensity and Threat Class
1:30,000 6 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 1 y a Meters w h 1 centimeter = 300 meters Michelle Bay FSR ig H Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5°
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Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 8 Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 3 1:30,000 Spotting Impact: 5 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 Spotting Impact: 3 Spotting Impact: 6 Meters 1 centimeter = 300 meters Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Spotting Impact: 6 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 6 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Spotting Impact: 5 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5° Spotting Impact: 4 Spotting Impact: 1 Spotting Impact: 6
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Spotting Impact: 2 Legend Spotting Impact: 5 Highway 16 Houston BC AOI and WUI Houston BC Municipal Bdy Spotting Impact: 7 PSTA_Public_HistoricalFireDensity Spotting Impact: 7 PSTA_Public_Spotting_Impact Spotting Impact: 9 Spotting Impact: 2 Fire Frequency Class: 2 FIRE_THREAT_CLASS Spotting Impact: 8 Spotting Impact: 5 Fire Frequency Class: 1 Spotting Impact: 7 -1 - 1 Fire Frequency Class: 1 Spotting Impact: 8 2 - 3 Low Spotting Impact: 7 Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 9 4 - 6 Moderate Spotting Impact: 8 Spotting Impact: 9 Spotting Impact: 7 Spotting Impact: 8 7 - 8 High Spotting Impact: 6 9 - 10 Extreme Spotting Impact: 9 Spotting Impact: 8 Spotting Impact: 7 Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 2 Spotting Impact: 5 Spotting Impact: 7 Spotting Impact: 3 UTM 09 Spotting Impact: 1 NAD83 Spotting Impact: 3 1:30,000 Spotting Impact: 7 Houston BC Community Wildfire Protection Plan Spotting Impact: 2 Spotting Impact: 3 Map 4c: PSTA Spotting Impact Spotting Impact: 1
Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 8 Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 3 1:30,000 Spotting Impact: 5 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 Spotting Impact: 3 Spotting Impact: 6 Meters 1 centimeter = 300 meters Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Spotting Impact: 6 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 6 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Spotting Impact: 5 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5° Spotting Impact: 4 Spotting Impact: 1 Spotting Impact: 6
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Legend Highway 16 Spotting Impact: 7 Houston BC AOI and WUI Spotting Impact: 7 Houston BC Municipal Bdy Spotting Impact: 9 Spotting Impact:P 2STA_Public_HistoricalFireDensity Fire Frequency Class: 2 Spotting Impact: 8 Spotting Impact: 5 Fire Frequency Class: 1 Spotting Impact: 7 PSTA_Public_Spotting_Impact Fire Frequency Class: 1 Spotting Impact: 8 Extreme Spotting Impact: 7 Spotting Impact: 6 Spotting Impact: 9 High Spotting Impact: 8 Spotting Impact: 9 Spotting Impact: 7 Spotting Impact: 8 Moderate Spotting Impact: 6 Low Spotting Impact: 9 Spotting Impact: 8 Spotting Impact: 7 Spotting Impact: 6 UTM 09 1922 1994 NAD83 1H:30o,0u0s0 ton BC Community Wildfire Protecti1o98n7 P19l8a9n 1934 1928 2016 1951 1956 1956 1958 Map 5: Fire History 1978 1955 1958 1952 1959 1987 1962 1962 1965 1965 1967 1978 1958 1963 1962 1951 1962 1:30,000 1965 1958 1962 1958 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 1952 1965 1965 Meters 1 centimeter = 300 meters Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5°
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Legend 2004 1977 1979 1980 Houston BC AOI and WUI 1989 HCWPP WUI Houston BC Municipal Bdy Structure, noncritical Structure, critical 1981 1984 BC Hydro High Voltage Line 2008 1934 Highway 16 PNG Natural Gas Pipeline 1989 Human-Caused Fire Start
Lightning-Caused Fire Start 1984 Historical_Fire_Polys 1924 1H:3o0,0u0s0 ton BC Community Wildfire Protection Plan Map 6a: Updated Fuel Type
6 1 1:30,000 y 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 a w h Meters ig H 1 centimeter = 300 meters Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Updated on: May 30, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 D-1/2 N D-1/2 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5° D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N N D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 P36 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 N M-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 N M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 P37 M-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 W D-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 W C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b N D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2C-3C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 N O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 WW WD-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2D-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 W O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/bD-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 O-1a/b WW C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 WO-1a/b D-1/2 W M-1/2 N O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b W N M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 N M-1/2C-3M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 N W D-1/2 O-1a/b N M-1/2 C-3 C-3 S-2C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2C-2 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 C-3M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/bD-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3C-2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-3 W C-3C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 S-1 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 M-1/2M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 N M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 N S-2 C-2 WD-1/2WD-1/2M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 S-1 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N N D-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-2 P38 P50 M-1/2 N M-1/2M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 S-1 C-3 N D-1/2 N C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 N M-1/2 C-3 N O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 P43 C-2 M-1/2 S-2 C-3M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/bW C-2 S-2 M-1/2 N M-1/2M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 W M-1/2 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b W C-2C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2C-2 C-3 P44 D-1/2 C-2 N C-3C-3 N M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 W W W N C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 N W W C-3 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 W O-1a/b M-1/2 N M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 P42 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2C-2 D-1/2O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 O-1a/b N D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 W M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 C-3M-1/2 M-1/2 W D-1/2D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2D-1/2 C-2 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2D-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 W C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 W W M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 N M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 N O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/bO-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3M-1/2M-1/2 N O-1a/bO-1a/b W D-1/2 M-1/2C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-3C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 W N D-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 N W O-1a/b M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 N C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 P45 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b W N C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 P40 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 W O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b N C-2 W O-1a/b M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 P39 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 W M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 WD-1/2W M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-2C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 C-2 W O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 W W M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3M-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 N D-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2C-3 O-1a/b W W O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2C-3 M-1/2 N O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b N D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 P41 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N N M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 N O-1a/b O-1a/b N C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/bW M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 N N M-1/2 M-1/2 W O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 W C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 N M-1/2 O-1a/bM-1/2 C-3 N D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 N C-3 C-3 O-1a/b W O-1a/b O-1a/b N O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 N C-3 N M-1/2 W D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N N D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 C-2 N C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 WW C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b N D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b N N M-1/2 C-3 W W O-1a/b NM-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 W M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b N N M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 W D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b N D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 W D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 W M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 N O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 R D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b N D-1/2 S D-1/2 W O-1a/bO-1a/b D-1/2 W O-1a/b N C-3 W N M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 F D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 N N O-1a/b t M-1/2 N W O-1a/b t D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 o O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2W W M-1/2 C-3 c D-1/2 D-1/2 l C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 a D-1/2 W N D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2W M-1/2 W N C-3 W W D-1/2 O-1a/b N W C-2 C-3 W D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 W M-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 W D-1/2D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/bD-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b N N D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 N D-1/2 N D-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b W O-1a/b M-1/2 N N N M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 N D-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 W O-1a/bO-1a/b N N D-1/2 W D-1/2 N D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2D-1/2 N N D-1/2 NN N M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b N M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-2 C-2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N N N M-1/2 C-3 W M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b N C-3 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 N N N D-1/2 M-1/2 N C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b W N N M-1/2 M-1/2 W O-1a/b D-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 W C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2D-1/2 D-1/2 N N O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 N RN M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 y FS N N N M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 e Ba D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 ell D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 ND-1/2 ich D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N O-1a/b C-2 D-1/2 M D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N N M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b N N O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 W O-1a/bO-1a/b D-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b W M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 O-1a/bD-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/bN N D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 N O-1a/bD-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2D-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 C-3D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 O-1a/bD-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N C-3 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 N N D-1/2 W M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/bD-1/2 W M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2M-1/2 W M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 P08 O-1a/b W C-3 O-1a/b N M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 P09 P06 C-3 C-2 D-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 C-2C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 N N P04 P05 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 C-3 R M-1/2 W M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 S N M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N P10 C-3 D-1/2 F M-1/2
M-1/2 D-1/2 N N M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 N e N N D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 c N D-1/2 C-3 i D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 r N D-1/2 N D-1/2 P03 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 o C-2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M D-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 N O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 N N D-1/2 M-1/2 N C-3 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 N N Equity M C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 ine FSR C-3 SR M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 N k F D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 N D-1/2 ee M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 Cr M-1/2 d M-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 ld R C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 Go k M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b P51 D-1/2 C-3D-1/2 r N M-1/2M-1/2 a C-3 N D-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 P M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 c M-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 a D-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 m O-1a/b C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 y M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2C-2 M-1/2C-3 C-2 B M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 N M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 W D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N P16 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 W C-2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 P15 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 P19 P18 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2D-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 W D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 P14 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 N N D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 P13 D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b N M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b N M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 W D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 P12 O-1a/bD-1/2 C-3 Legend C-2 W P11 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 W M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 P30 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 Major Road O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 P29 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 Houston BC Municipal Bdy D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 O-1a/bM-1/2 M-1/2 W C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 N N C-3 Houston BC AOI and WUI C-2 O-1a/bD-1/2 D-1/2 N O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/bD-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N N C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 N Houston BC Municipal Bdy M-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/bO-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 W N O-1a/bW M-1/2 M-1/2 WUI 2000 O-1a/b D-1/2 N M-1/2O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b N O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 N C-3 O-1a/b WUI 500 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 W D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 N M-1/2 N M-1/2 N N M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 RB02 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 WUI 100 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 W O-1a/b M-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 RB01 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b P20 C-3 O-1a/b C-2M-1/2 Fuel_Assessment_Plot M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 P28 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 Extreme-no plots M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 Fuel Type Hectares M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-3 High M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 W Low M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 Moderate M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 859.16 M-1/2 M-1/2C-2 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 W C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b Fuel_Type_Changed_Poly D-1/2 C-2 N D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 P35 B O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/bM-1/2 W C-3 M-1/2 C-2 u M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2M-1/2 C-3 C-2 c M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 2227.91 P27 C-3 C-2 k M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 P34 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 F D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 l C-3 M-1/2 P22 C-3 C-3 C-3 a C-3C-3 M-1/2 C-2 ts C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 C-2 R C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 P33 d C-3 C-2 C-2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-3C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 P21 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 1080.15 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 Fuel Type (PSTA 2014, Not Ground-Truthed) M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 P32 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 Non-Fuel P25 P26 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 P31 S-1 6.37 P24 P23 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 S-2 8.87 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 C-2M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 Water C-2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-2 O-1A/B 161.52 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 Updated Fuel Type HCWPP Non-fuel C-2 M-1/2 2781.34 C-3 D-1/2 Non-Fuel 9092.26 S-1 S-2 O-1a/b Water 226.58 M-1/2 Water Total 16444.16 C-7 C-3 C-3O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 S-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-7 C-3 S-1 C-7 C-3 C-2 D-1/2 D-1/2 ND-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-7 N D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 S-1 M-1/2 C-3S-1 C-3 D-1/2 C-2 C-2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3D-1/2 O-1a/b W C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2S-1 O-1a/b C-7 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b W M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 1:30,000 S-1 S-1 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3C-3 C-3 O-1a/b Houston BC Community WiCld-f3ire ProtectMio-n1 /2PMla-n1/2 C-7 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b S-1 C-3 C-3 O-1a/bM-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b N C-7 C-3 C-3 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b W C-3 C-3 C-3 S-1 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b S-1 M-1/2C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-7 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b Map 6b: PSTA FMue-1l /T2ype and Changed Polygons D-1/2 C-7 M-1/2 N D-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-2 C-7 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 S-2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b N D-1/2 N O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 N S-2 W C-7 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-7 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 C-7 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-7 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 C-7 S-2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2C-2 C-2 S-1 C-2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 1:30,000 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 S-1 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-7 C-3 S-2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 N C-7 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 C-2 D-1/2D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 D-1/2D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/bC-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 S-1 C-3 S-1 C-7 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 Meters C-3 C-2C-2D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 S-1 C-2 N C-2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/bO-1a/b S-1 C-7 C-3 C-3C-3 S-1 C-2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 1 centimeter = 300 meters M-1/2 C-3 C-3 S-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 S-1 D-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-7 C-7 C-2 O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2 C-3 S-2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 N D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 C-7 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 S-1 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 N M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 C-7 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 Updated on: MaDy -218/,2 2018 Datum: NAD 83 C-2 C-3 C-7 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 C-3 C-2 C-3O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 W D-1/2 C-3 C-2 S-1 D-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/bO-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 Pro-Tech Forest ResMou-rc1e/s2 Declination 19.5° C-2 C-2 D-1/2 C-2 D-1/2O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 N D-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 N C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 S-2 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-2 C-2 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 S-1 C-3 C-3 N N O-1a/b C-3O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b S-2 C-3O-1a/b O-1a/b C-2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/bO-1a/b D-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N N D-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-2M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b N C-3 C-3 C-2 N C-3 O-1a/b C-3 S-1 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/bM-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/bC-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 W C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-7 C-3 S-1C-2 C-3 N C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 S-2C-3 S-2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3O-1a/bS-1 C-2 S-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 N N M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/bO-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/bC-2 C-3C-3C-2C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 S-2 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b S-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 N O-1a/b C-3O-1a/b S-1O-1a/b C-7 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 W M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 S-2 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-3 S-1 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 S-2M-1/2 C-7 O-1a/b M-1/2 S-1 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 C-3 S-1 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 S-1 C-2 S-2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b S-1 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2C-7 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 W C-2 C-2C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 S-1S-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 W M-1/2M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-7 C-3 C-7 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-7 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b C-2 O-1a/b D-1/2M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 S-1 C-2 S-2 S-1M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-7 C-3 D-1/2 S-2 D-1/2 C-3N O-1a/b C-3C-3 S-1 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 D-1/2 S-1C-2M-1/2M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 S-2 C-7 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-7 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 S-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 N M-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 S-2 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 S-1 C-3 C-2 S-2 M-1/2 C-7 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 S-2 C-3 C-7 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 N C-2 C-7 C-7 M-1/2 C-2 N N D-1/2 N C-2 S-2 C-3 C-3 C-7 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-7 C-3 C-2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b S-2 C-3 C-3 N C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2C-2 C-3 C-3 N S-1 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2C-2 S-1 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 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O-1a/b O-1a/b N D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2S-1C-2 S-1 W C-3 M-1/2 N N D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b W O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 W S-1 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-7 W O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-7 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N C-2 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-7 C-7 S-1 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-3 N D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2S-1 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-7 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b N M-1/2 N M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 N C-7 C-3 O-1a/b C-7 W O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/bD-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 C-7 O-1a/bC-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 W O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/bO-1a/b C-3 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b N O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b W C-3 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 W W O-1a/b O-1a/bM-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/bD-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b W M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 W O-1a/bC-7 O-1a/b C-7 C-2O-1a/b M-1/2 W C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3C-2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 W C-3 C-3O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 N N D-1/2 W D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-7 O-1a/b W M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 O-1a/b N N D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 O-1a/b O-1a/bO-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-7 C-3 M-1/2 W M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-7 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2C-2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N C-3 S-1 C-2C-2 D-1/2 O-1a/bC-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-7 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-7 C-3 N D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2N M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N N M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/bC-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b N N M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/bO-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 W M-1/2 W M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-7 M-1/2 D-1/2 W C-3 C-3 M-1/2C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 S-2 C-3 C-3 N D-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 S-1 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 N M-1/2 C-3 N O-1a/b C-7 C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2 N C-3 D-1/2 C-3 C-2 S-1M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 S-1 C-7 C-3 S-1 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 N O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 S-2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-2 C-2 S-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b N C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 N S-1 M-1/2 C-3 C-7 S-1 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 C-2D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 S-1 S-1C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 N M-1/2S-1 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-7 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b W C-3 N C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 S-1 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 S-1 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/bC-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/bO-1a/b C-3 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-7 O-1a/b C-3 N M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3W D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b N N M-1/2 S-1 M-1/2 D-1/2 N C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 S-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 C-2 C-3O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b N M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 C-3 S-2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b W O-1a/b M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-7 M-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2C-7 C-7 S-2 M-1/2 C-2 C-7 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 N S-2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-7 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-7 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 N O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 M-1/2 N M-1/2 D-1/2 N C-2 O-1a/b C-3 S-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-7 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N C-3 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 N D-1/2 D-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 N C-3 C-3 S-1 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 W N M-1/2 M-1/2O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-2 O-1a/b M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 N M-1/2 M-1/2 N M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 N O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-7 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 W M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 Legend C-3O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 N D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 Highway 16 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-7 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 M-1/2Houston BC Municipal Bdy C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 N C-3 C-2 C-2 O-1a/b HCWPP WUI M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-7 N C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3C-7 C-7 C-3 C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 O-1a/bAOI_2.5km M-1/2D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/bO-1a/bC-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 N M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-3 N M-1/2 C-3 C-7 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 W C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 Fuel_Type_Changed_Poly C-7 D-1/2 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2C-3 C-3 C-3 N C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-7 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-7 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 W C-3 N C-7 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-7 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-2 O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-7 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-7 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-7 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-7 M-1/2 O-1a/bM-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-7 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3C-3 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2M-1/2 C-3 C-7 Fuel_Type_2015_PSTA O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-7 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 W D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 C-1 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-2M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/bM-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-7 O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 N C-2 D-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 C-3 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 C-7 C-3 C-7 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 W D-1/2 C-3 C-7 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 O-1a/bM-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 N M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-2 O-1a/b C-7 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 O-1a/b N C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 N C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-4 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 O-1a/b O-1a/b WO-1a/b C-7 C-3 C-5 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-3 N D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-7 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-7 C-3 C-7 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-7 C-3 C-2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 N C-6 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-2C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-M7-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 C-2 O-1a/bC-2 C-7 C-3 M-1/2 C-7 C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-7 O-1a/b C-7 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-2 C-3 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-2 S-1 D-1/2M-1/2D-1/2 C-3 C-7 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-2 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 M-1/2C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 S-2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-2 O-1a/b D-1/2 N C-3 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 D-1/2 D-1/2C-3 C-2 O-1a/b N C-3 O-1a/b C-3 M-1S/2-3 O-1a/b D-1/2 C-3 O-1a/bC-3 O-1a/b C-2 M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 D-1/2 O-1a/b C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 M-1/2 D-1/2C-3 C-3 C-2 C-2 O-1a/b O-1a/b D-1/2 O-1a/b M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 N C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b C-2 W C-2 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 M-1/2 O-1a/b O-1a/b C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 M-1/2M-1/2 O-1a/b D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-7 C-3 M-3 C-3 NO-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-2 N C-2 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-2 O-1a/b C-2 C-2 C-2 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-7 Non-Fuel C-3 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-2 C-3 O-1a/b C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 N C-2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 O-1a/b Unclassified M-1/2 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-2 M-1/2 D-1/2M-1/2 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-7 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-7 C-3 N C-3 O-1a/bM-1/2O-1a/b C-3 C-3 O-1a/b WC-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 N N C-3 C-3 MW-a1t/e2r D-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-7 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 N D-1/2 W C-3 D-1/2 C-7 C-3 C-2 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 N C-3 C-7 M-1/2 D-1/2 C-7 M-1/2 D-1/2 M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 O-1a/b C-3 C-3 S-1 C-3 C-3 C-3 M-1/2 C-2 C-2 C-2 W M-1/2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3C-3 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 UTM 09 NAD83 1H:3o0,0u0s0 ton BC Community Wildfire Protection Plan Map 7: Local Fire Risk 6 1 y a w h 1:30,000 ig 0 165 330 660 990 1,320 1,650 H Meters 1 centimeter = 300 meters Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5°
P36
P37
P38 P50 P43 P44
P42
P45
P40 P39
P41
R
S
F
t t
o c l
a
W
05 08 02 07 03 03
09 15 11 19 16 06 10 FSR 14 Bay elle 12 16 Mich 13 02 19 18 17 01
P08 P09 P06 16 16 P04 P05 P10 Canfor Lumber Mill
R P03
S
F
e
c
i
r
o Equity Mine FSR R FS M eek Cr d old R P51 G rk a P c a ym B 04 P15 P19 P18 P16 P14 P13
P11 P12 P30 P29
RB02
RB01 P20 P28 Legend
VAR Critical Infrastructure point Structure, noncritical Structure, critical P35 B Wildfire Risk u Major Road c P27 k P34 F BC Hydro High Voltage Line P22 la ts R PNG Natural Gas Pipeline P33 d Class Hectares Houston BC AOI and WUI P21
Houston BC Municipal Bdy P32 P25 P26 WUI 2000 P31 Extreme 1119.87 WUI 500 P24 P23 WUI 100 OP_Field_Data_Line High 3147.93 Fuel_Assessment_Plot Extreme-no plots Moderate 3388.62 High Low Moderate Low 189.54 WILDFIRE_RISK -1 No Threat WILDFIRE_RISK_CLASS No Risk 228.94 9 - 10 Extreme 7 - 8 High 4 - 6 Moderate No Data 8369.26 2 - 3 Low No Data Total 16444.16 UTM 09 NAD83 1H:3o1,u15s0ton BC Community Wildfire Protection Plan Map 8: Fuel Treatment
1:31,150 0 170 340 680 1,020 1,360 1,700 Woodlots Meters 1 centimeter = 311.503847 meters Date Drawn: April 26, 2017 Updated on: May 28, 2018 Datum: NAD 83 Range Unit: PEROW GIS Tech: Kevin Widen Projection: UTM Zone 9 Woodlots ay FSR Pro-Tech Forest Resources Declination 19.5° Michelle B
Woodlots
W a lc ot t F S R P36 Proposed Woodlots Treatment 6 P37 Proposed Treatment 8 Range Unit: BARRETT
Woodlots Range Unit: MT. H. DAVIS
P38 P50 Woodlots P43 P44
P42
Woodlots Range Unit: CHINA NOSE Woodlots Woodlots P45 Proposed P40 Treatment 6 P39 Woodlots
6 2014 1 y a 2014 w 2014 2014 h ig 2014 H Woodlots 2014 P41 2014 Proposed 2014 2014 2014 Woodlots 2014 2014 2014 Treatment 6 Proposed 2014 Woodlots Treatment 8 Canadian Forest Products Ltd
Range Unit: WALCOTT
British Columbia Timber sales
Woodlots Proposed Woodlots Treatment 3 Range Unit: Houston Community Forest Proposed Treatment 5 2014 Proposed Woodlots Treatment 7
P07 P08 P09 P06 P04 P05
R
S P10
F
e
c Woodlots i r P03
o
M
R 2010 Equity Mine FSR FS 2013 2013 eek 2010 Cr d 2010 old R 2013 2013 2010 P51 G rk 2010 a 2013 P 2013 2010 c 2010 a 2010 2010 Proposed m 2010 y 2010 2010 B 2010 Treatment 5 2010 P16 2013 2010 2010 P15 P19 2010 2010 P18 Range Unit: DUNGATE 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 P1P413 2013 2010 2010 2010 2013 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 2010 2010 2010 2010 2013 2010 2010 2010 2013 2010 2013 Houston Community Forest 2013 2013 2010 2010 P30 2013 Proposed P29 2010 2013 Treatment 1 2013 P11 P12
Proposed Treatment 2
RB02 RB01 P20 Proposed P28 Treatment 2 Proposed Treatment Woodlots Unit number Hectares Priority Proposed Proposed B P35 u Treatment 4 c P27 Treatment 3 P34 k 1 421.32 High F P22 la ts R Woodlots P33 d P21 2 22.82 High Woodlots P32 P25 P26 Range Unit: PEACOCK P31 3 1439.55 High Legend P24 P23 Woodlots Range Unit: Major Road Houston BC AOI and WUI 4 246.30 Moderate Houston BC Municipal Bdy Highway 16 Range Unit: BUCK CREEK 5 15.95 Moderate PROPOSED_TREATMENT Range Tenures 6 40.42 Moderate Morice TSA Operating Areas Previous Treatment FUEL_ASSESSMENT_RATING 7 499.90 Low Extreme-no plots Woodlots High 8 213.42 Low Moderate Low Total 28C9a9n.a6di8an Forest Products Ltd