VILNIAUS DAILĖS AKADEMIJA Ir LIETUVOS KULTŪROS TYRIMŲ INSTITUTAS VILNIUS ACADEMY of ARTS and LITHUANIAN CULTURE RESEARCH INSTITUTE

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VILNIAUS DAILĖS AKADEMIJA Ir LIETUVOS KULTŪROS TYRIMŲ INSTITUTAS VILNIUS ACADEMY of ARTS and LITHUANIAN CULTURE RESEARCH INSTITUTE VILNIAUS DAILĖS AKADEMIJA ir LIETUVOS KULTŪROS TYRIMŲ INSTITUTAS VILNIUS ACADEMY OF ARTS and LITHUANIAN CULTURE RESEARCH INSTITUTE ŪLA TORNAU OFICIALIEJI IR KASDIENIAI SOVIETINIO VILNIAUS ERDVĖS NARATYVAI: LUKIŠKIŲ MOKSLO KVARTALAS OFFICIAL AND EVERYDAY SPATIAL NARRATIVES OF SOVIET VILNIUS: LUKISKES’ ACADEMIC DISTRICT Daktaro disertacija Doctoral Thesis Humanitariniai mokslai, Menotyra (03H) Meno istorija (310H) Humanities, Art Criticism (03H) Art History (H310) Vilnius, 2016 Disertacija rengta 2010—2016 metais Vilniaus dailės akademijoje Mokslinė vadovė: Prof. dr. (hp) Giedrė Jankevičiūtė (Vilniaus dailės akademija, humanitariniai mokslai, menotyra, 03H) Disertacija ginama Vilniaus dailės akademijoje Menotyros mokslo krypties taryboje: PIRMININKĖ: Doc. dr. Rasa Butvilaitė (Vilniaus dailės akademija, humanitariniai mokslai, menotyra, 03H) NARIAI: Doc. dr. Marija Drėmaitė (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, menotyra, 03H) Doc. dr. Aurimas Švedas (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, istorija, 05H) Doc. dr. Andres Kurg (Talino dailės akademija, humanitariniai mokslai, menotyra, 03H) Doc. dr. Vaidas Petrulis (Kauno technologijos universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, menotyra, 03H) Disertacija ginama viešame Vilniaus dailės akademijos Menotyros mokslo krypties tarybos posėdyje 2016 m. gruodžio 15 d. 14 val. Vilniaus dailės akademijos Doktorantūros skyriuje, 102 auditorijoje, Malūnų g. 3, C1 pastate, LT-01124 Vilnius Disertacija ir jos santrauka išsiųsta lapkričio 15 d. Su disertacija galima susipažinti Lietuvos nacionalinėje Martyno Mažvydo, Lietuvos kultūros tyrimų instituto ir Vilniaus dailės akademijos bibliotekose 2 The doctoral dissertation was written at Vilnius Academy of Arts in 2010-2016 Scientific supervisor: Prof. Dr. (hp) Giedrė Jankevičiūtė (Vilnius Academy of Arts, Humanities, Art Criticism, 03H) The doctoral thesis will be defended at the Academic Board of Art Criticism at Vilnius Academy of Arts: CHAIR: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rasa Butvilaitė (Vilnius Academy of Arts, Humanities, Art Criticism, 03H) MEMBERS: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marija Drėmaitė (Vilnius University, Humanities, Art Criticism, 03H) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aurimas Švedas (Vilnius University, Humanities, History, 05H) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Andres Kurg (Tallinn Academy of Arts, Humanities, Art Criticism, 03H) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vaidas Petrulis (Kaunas University of Technology, Humanities, Art Criticism, 03H) The public defence of the doctoral thesis will be held on December 15, 2016, 2 pm at the Department of Doctoral Studies of Vilnius Academy of Arts, room 102, Malūnų str. 3, Building C1, LT-01124 Vilnius The doctoral thesis and its summary were sent out on November 15, 2016. The doctoral thesis is available at Martynas Mažvydas` National Library of Lithuania, and the libraries of Vilnius Academy of Arts and Lithuanian Research Institute. 3 PADĖKA Dėkoju mokslinei vadovei prof. dr. (hp) Giedrei Jankevičiūtei už įkvepiantį kūrybiško ir kartu preciziško akademinio mąstymo pavyzdį ir taip pat už mano disertacijos sumanymo palaikymą, nepaisant to, kad šis ilgai neįgijo apčiuopiamos formos. Dėkoju visiems tyrimo respondentams, kurie skyrė man laiko ir kantrybės, sutikdami drauge leistis į ne visuomet pačius maloniausius ar jiems įdomiausius prisiminimus. Dėkoju disertacijos juodraščio ekspertėms Marijai Drėmaitei ir Lolitai Jablonskienei už atidų ir įžvalgų kartotinį mano teksto skaitymą ir svarbias pastabas. Dėkoju Rasai Antanavičiūtei, Vitai Petrušauskaitei ir visiems draugams bei kolegoms už patarimus, diskusijas ir pagalbą. Dėkoju savo a.a. močiutei ir tėvams už didžiulį palaikymą ir daugybę jiems tekusių triukšmingų atostogų ir savaitgalių dienų bei vakarų, praleistų su mano vaikais, kad galėčiau dirbti. Dėkoju Žilvinui, Mikui ir Domui už susitaikymą su jiems neskirtu atostogų ir savaitgalių laiku ir už gebėjimą mane sugrąžinti į realybę. Dėkoju VDA doktorantūros skyriui už nuoširdžią pagalbą ir dalykiškumą. 4 Turinys ĮVADAS .................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. POKARIO VILNIAUS CENTRAS KAIP SOVIETINĖS MODERNIZACIJOS ASPIRACIJŲ ERDVĖ .......................... 39 1. 1. Vilniaus centro pertvarkymo projektas ir Lukiškių Mokslo kvartalo vizija .............................................. 44 1. 2. 1949 m. Lukiškių Mokslo kvartalo projektas ........................................................................................... 52 1. 3. 1961 m. Lukiškių kvartalo pertvarkymo projektai .................................................................................. 64 2. LUKIŠKIŲ MOKSLO KVARTALAS KAIP URBANISTINIO DISKURSO KAITOS ERDVĖ..................................... 81 2. 1. Mokslininkų namai (1946–1950 m.) ....................................................................................................... 87 2. 2. LSSR respublikinė biblioteka (1951–1964 m.) ......................................................................................... 98 2. 3. Mokslo kvartalas (1949–1965 m.) ......................................................................................................... 102 3. LUKIŠKIŲ MOKSLO KVARTALAS KAIP HIBRIDIŠKA ERDVĖ .................................................................... 115 3. 1. Skurdas ir mitas ..................................................................................................................................... 118 3. 2. Tarybų aikštės užkulisiai ........................................................................................................................ 128 3. 3. Tarp elitinio būsto ir „komunalkės“ ...................................................................................................... 137 IŠVADOS .............................................................................................................................................. 143 ŠALTINIAI IR LITERATŪRA ..................................................................................................................... 147 PRIEDAI ............................................................................................................................................... 164 Sutrumpinimai .............................................................................................................................................. 164 Toponimų lentelė .......................................................................................................................................... 165 Iliustracijos .................................................................................................................................................... 166 Iliustracijų sąrašas ......................................................................................................................................... 192 Interviu su Albinu Lozuraičiu ......................................................................................................................... 196 Interviu su Irena Sasnauskiene ..................................................................................................................... 213 Interviu su Arūne Tornau ............................................................................................................................. 227 Jurgio Babono laiškas .................................................................................................................................... 244 SANTRAUKA......................................................................................................................................... 250 TRUMPAI APIE DOKTORANTĘ ............................................................................................................... 266 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 267 ON THE AUTHOR .................................................................................................................................. 285 5 ĮVADAS Tyrimo aktualumas Tyrinėti pokario laikotarpio Vilniaus miesto erdves paskatino tiek sovietinės Lietuvos architektūros tyrimų studijos, tiek asmeniniai Vilniaus urbanistinių pokyčių stebėjimai, atskleidžiantys šiuolaikiniam posovietiniam miestui būdingas fragmentiškas, hibridiškas, urbanistiškai neartikuliuotas erdves. Tokią erdvinę miesto raišką lemia ne tik pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais miesto kaitą reguliuojanti laisva rinka, centralizuoto planavimo bei statybų kontrolės trūkumai, bet taip pat ir miesto planavimo istorija. Šiame darbe tyrinėjamas sovietinis miesto planavimas pokariu – dabartinei Vilniaus urbanistinei būsenai reikšmingu laikotarpiu, kai susiformavo daugelis iki šiol aktualių miesto planavimo ir naudojimo praktikų. Sovietinės architektūros istoriografijoje vyrauja siekis perteikti ideologiniu ir stilistiniu požiūriu vientisą ir nuoseklų vaizdą. Taip koreguojama trūkčiojanti sovietinio urbanizmo realybė. Tuo tarpu senųjų miesto gyventojų atmintyje pokario Vilniaus architektūros istorija iškyla kitokia nei akademiniuose tekstuose. Pastaruosiuose pasakojimuose neatsiskleidžia Vilniaus miesto centro hibridiškumas, gyventojų kasdienybei teikęs ypatingas erdvės patirtis. Tyrinėjant šių skirtingų atminčių pasakojimus, kyla klausimai, kaip galima juos suderinti? Kas šiuos naratyvus jungia ir kas skiria? Atsižvelgiant į faktą, kad Vilnius po karo buvo pertvarkomas pagal tipinį sovietinį miestų rekonstrukcijos modelį, paremtą 1935 m. Maskvos rekonstrukcijos
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