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Mnangagwa Reverts to Mugabe-Era Authoritarianism

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Mnangagwa Reverts to Mugabe-Era Authoritarianism IN ZIMBABWE, HOPE GIVES WAY TO DISAPPOINTMENT AS MNANGAGWA REVERTS TO MUGABE-ERA AUTHORITARIANISM. By Nokutula Mhene, Roland Ngam & Rebone Tau ANALYSIS 12 / 08 / 2020 IN ZIMBABWE, HOPE GIVES WAY TO DISAPPOINTMENT AS MNANGAGWA REVERTS TO MUGABE-ERA AUTHORITARIANISM. NOKUTULA MHENE, ROLAND NGAM & REBONE TAU forces shut down shops and arrested activists while President Mnangagwa and ZANU-PF spokesman Patrick Chinamasa held press conferences to warn that all those who dared take to the streets would be dealt with harshly. This event was just an extra layer of unrest in an already tough season of strikes and protests organised by various trade unions. Is has not really come as any surprise to those who have come up against the ZANU-PF in the past that Mnangagwa is reverting to Mugabe-era tactics to maintain control over the country. After the liberation struggle, followed by decades of working closely with the state’s coercive apparatus to govern Zimbabwe, violence has become a deeply ingrained part of the A defiant Chin’ono raises his fist as he is whisked away by the ZANU-PF’s managerial DNA. The “open for business” mantra police after bail hearings on July 23, 2020. is gone and nobody even talks about the socialist utopia that Source: The Africa Report (https://www.theafricareport. was promised during the liberation era anymore (O Holec, com/35715/zimbabawe-joint-statement-on-arrest-of-journalist- 2019). The hope that blossomed following Mugabe’s removal hopewell-chinono/). from power has given way to despondency, disappointment, and even confusion as those who cheered President Mnangagwa into office come grips with the fact that they were Tensions have been growing steadily in Zimbabwe since played by him and the military. Perhaps the biggest questions 2019 as a confluence of crises (health, financial and political) right now are, how did we get to this point, and perhaps more rock Mnangagwa’s administration. Hundreds of soldiers and importantly, when the Coronavirust pandemic is dealt with, will police officers were deployed to major cities in late July 2020 the ZANU-PF’s authoritarian streak give way to an atmosphere ahead of a planned march called by the president of opposition that enables the creation of an efficient, functioning Transform Zimbabwe party Jacob Ngarivhume, to draw attention bureaucracy that can help the country achieve its potential? to the country’s worsening economic situation. The security Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung 1 An economic maelstrom activists, Joana Mamombe, Cecilia Chimbiri and Netsai Marova were abducted in June 2020, tortured and then dropped off 60 Unrest has been growing steadily in Zimbabwe since 2018 kilometres from Harare for speaking out against the state and as Mnangagwa’s promised reforms fail to materialise. ZANU-PF’s corruption and patronage networks. Unemployment currently stands at a staggering 90%, although Zimstat is adamant that only 6% of the population is Tensions were ratcheted up significantly when investigative unemployed (Zimstat counts subsistence farmers as employed journalist Chin’ono published an article on an alleged people). $60-million-dollar procurement scandal which fingered Health minister Obadiah Moyo and Mnangagwa’s son for stealing The latest iteration of the Zimbabwean dollar has collapsed Coronavirus response funds. The minister was fired, but that and people are desperate to pull their money out of financial didn’t cause public anger to subside. Hot on the heels of this institutions. The bottom fell off the currency when the publication, Nelson Chamisa ally and Transform Zimbabwe government decided to remove the 25 Zim dollars = 1USD peg leader, Jacob Ngarivhume urged the public to take to the streets rate. Runaway inflation currently stands at 737%, according on July 31, 2020 to protest against government corruption. to Bloomberg (Daily Maverick 2020). Covid-19 lockdowns and The two men were quickly picked up by security forces and curfews have prevented the majority of the population from remain behind bars ever since. Chin’ono recorded his arrest on going out to earn an income, with the obvious consequence of Facebook Live. increased hunger and vulnerability in the communities. Water shortages, falling incomes and an exodus of healthcare workers Following Chin’ono’s arrest, Justice Minister Ziyambi Ziyambi have left the poor vulnerable and exposed to Covid-19. UNICEF said that all those who were working to topple the regime, and other UN agencies are predicting that economic instability including the USA and the UK would be dealt with harshly. and erratic rainfall could push as many as eight million people His exact words to the media were that: “Anyone who goes into into food insecurity. the streets against that advice is equivalent to a terrorist … so that As Zimbabwe’s economic woes pile up, a growing number of we can deal with them accordingly…All information has been put trade unions are downing tools to demand better wages. Civil in the public domain to say that this pandemic is serious…anyone servants, including teachers, doctors and nurses have been who then disregards those regulations and exposes people to danger on on-off strikes since 2019. Junior doctors downed tools in in that manner I don’t see any reason why we cannot find a law September 2019 to demand a substantial increase on their pay. that we can use in terms of terrorism activity to deal with those They were joined by the Senior Hospital Doctors Association individuals.” (SHDA) in November. Average government doctor’s salary currently stands at just over $100 (BBC, 2020), less than half On the eve of the planned July 31 protests, ZANU-PF what a security guard earns across the border in Botswana Spokesman Patrick Chinamasa called U.S. Ambassador or South Africa. Doctors only agreed to return to work after Brian Nichols ‘a thug’. The ambassador’s crime: calling on businessman Strive Masiyiwa agreed to subsidise their salaries the Zimbabwean government to uphold free speech, respect with $300 per doctor over a few months (BBC, 2020). Over 150 freedom of association laws and freedom of the press. other doctors who went on strike in July 2020 have been fired. Even as the Zimbabwean government was abducting, torturing To quell the growing unrest, the Mnagagwa administration has and jailing activists to prevent the July 31 2020 protests from unleashed brutal crackdowns against those who dare criticise taking place, President Mnangagwa was signing a $3.5 billion the government or the president. An atmosphere of fear and deal to compensate white farmers who had lost their land intimidation has blanketed the entire nation. The Coronavirus during the fast-track land reform process. This was clearly pandemic has also been used as the perfect cover to beat the intended to convince the international community to lift opposition into submission. sanctions imposed against the Zimbabwean government during the Mugabe years. If anything, the ongoing crackdown The justice department has also approved several new factions against local press and opposition figures is ammunition of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change to sow for even more sanctions against Zimbabwe, not less, and chaos in the opposition. Three MDC parliamentarian and Chinamasa’s uncouth insults and belligerent rhetoric against Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung 2 ‘the West’ will certainly not win the country any friends either. finally ready for economic lift-off. The Zimbabwean Communist Party has blasted Mnangagwa’s $3.5 billion deal and questioned why only white farmers are After riding a wave of unprecedented goodwill to get to the top, being considered for compensation when thousands of black Mnangagwa did all the right things in his first hundred days victims of operations Gukurahundi and Murambatsvina are yet in office. He immediately set to work, showing everyone that to hear from the government. the economy was his number one priority. He met with white farmers who had lost their farms during the Fast-track land resettlement programme and promised them compensation. How did we get here? He appointed several members of the white community in his cabinet, including Olympic medallist Kirsty Coventry who got Mnangagwa is following a similar path adopted by his mentor the Sports, Arts and Recreation portfolio. He went to Davos and and predecessor, Robert Mugabe. In the 1980s and 1990s, proclaimed that Zimbabwe was open for business. The country Mugabe presided over a bloody campaign to transform needed investments and would welcome all investors with open Zimbabwe into a one-party state. He was prepared to do arms. If necessary, the 50% indigenous quotas would be waived anything necessary to outmanoeuvre opposition figures like in exchange for the right kind of investments. Mnangagwa the Zimbabwe African People’s Union’s Joshua Nkomo and also proclaimed that the nation would adopt a more tolerant the Movement for Democratic Change’s Morgan Tsvangirai approach to Civil Society Organisations and opposition parties. to ensure that ZANU-PF remained in power. Images of MDC president Morgan Tsvandirai being beaten to a pulp in the It was no secret that the palace coup had been orchestrated back of a police van in 2008 came to epitomise Mugabe’s and managed in the shadows by a faction of the ZANU-PF determination to curtail the growing popularity of the MDC. and military top brass eager to outmanoeuvre the ambitious Grace Mugabe, who had already started making power plays Despite Robert Mugabe’s removal in November 2017, the to replace her husband. A Grace Mugabe presidency would ruling ZANU-PF’s DNA remains authoritarian and repressive. probably not have changed the regime by much, but the Zanu- The party, and hence the state’s authoritarian and violent PF top brass were determined not to let anyone jump the queue nature has become its main mode of survival and reproduction.
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