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Herp. Bulletin 105.Qxd RESEARCH ARTICLES Amphibians and reptiles of the Suez Canal University campuses, Egypt ADEL A. IBRAHIM Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science at Suez, Suez Canal University, Egypt. [email protected] ABSTRACT – A herpetological survey was carried out on campuses of the Suez Canal University (SCU) located in the Suez Canal zone (Port Said, Ismailia and Suez) and North Sinai (Al-Arish). Research Center in St. Catherine and the university rest house at Sharm Ash-Sheikh, both in southern Sinai were also checked. A total of 21 herpetofaunal species was recorded during the period 1999–2007, including two amphibians and nineteen reptiles (14 lizards and 5 snakes). The largest number of species was recorded on the campus of Al-Arish, comprising one toad and 12 reptile species. This was followed by the number of herpetofauna inhabiting the Ismailia campus. Distribution of amphibians and reptiles on campuses of the Suez Canal University according to habitat was analyzed. The impact of the change in campus structure on the herpetofaunal community is also discussed. HE Suez Canal University was founded in university campuses and their distribution remain 1976, when the region of Suez Canal and Sinai little known. wereT seeking to meet the needs of the community The objectives of this study are: (1) to compile and the aspirations of their citizens for education a checklist of amphibians and reptiles inhabiting and development. Suez Canal University was Suez Canal University and Research Centers as a inaugurated with five faculties, but has grown to guide for students and researchers, and (2) to study encompass twenty-four faculties distributed in the impact of the short-term changes on the four governorates, Bur Saïd (Port Said), Al- structure of our university campuses on the Isma’ileyya (Ismailia), As-Suways (Suez) and herpetofaunal community. North Sinai. In addition, the university has specialized research centers in the cities of Sharm MATERIALS AND METHODS Ash-Sheikh and St. Catherine in South Sinai. In Study site. Observations were made on the Suez 2006–2007 academic year, the university enrolled Canal University campuses sporadically from 47784 undergraduate students. 1999–2007, and on the Al-Arish campus from Herpetological studies at Suez Canal University 1987–2007. started two decades ago when the Al-Arish 1- Al-Arish Campus (31° 08’ 04’’ N, 33° 49’ 41’’ campus was surveyed. Lizards were frequently E) occupies a total area of 0.36 km2 and is observed on buildings, fences and on the ground, surrounded by walls. There are 32 buildings of snakes were captured from cultivated fields, and at different ages and sizes and one building under night, frogs and geckos were heard calling. construction on campus. Natural vegetation is very Ghobashi et al. (1990) reported one species of sparse, mainly composed of Artemisia amphibian, eight species of lizards and one snake monosperma. There are also fruit and olive fields, from the Al-Arish campus out of 21 species ornamentals and green houses for edible reported from the Al-Arish area. At that time, the campus consisted of a few buildings and a small vegetables, and large trees such as Eucalyptus garden, in an area of sparse desert vegetation and globosus, Casuarina equisetiforme, Salix a few trees. Later, ecological studies were carried tetrasperma and Ficus retusa. The campus is out on the commonest lizards on the Al-Arish approximately 57% green area, 34.7 % desert and (Ibrahim, 2002 & 2007) and Ismailia (Ibrahim, 8.3% buildings. 2004) campuses, respectively. However, the total 2- Port Said Campus. The campus includes five number of herpetofaunal species inhabiting faculties distributed in Port Said City (31° 15’ 55’’ Number 105 - Herpetological Bulletin [2008] 1 Herpetofauna of Suez Canal University campuses N, 32° 17’ 85’’ E) and Port Fouad City east of the Suez Canal (31° 14’ 73’’ N, 32° 18’ 90’’). The 8- Sharm Ash-Sheikh Rest-house (27° 51’ 48’’ N, latter is the largest, occupying about 0.12 km2 with 34° 18’ 04’’ E): was visited once during April. seven buildings, a dormitory and two other Sampling methods. Lizards were captured by hand buildings under construction. The green area is and with rubber bands by day and night. Snakes about 20% of the total area of campus. This were captured by hand while surveying and by campus was visited only during summer. grounds workers and some were collected by students. Verbal reports are not included in this 3- Ismailia Old Campus (30° 36’ 19’’ N, 32° 18’ report. 22’’ E). The campus occupies 0.5 km2 with 24 buildings (2–15 m high). The whole complex is RESULTS surrounded by a brick wall. Buildings and fences A total of 21 herpetofaunal species were sampled take up approximately 51% of the total campus on the university campuses, including two toads, area. Vegetation on campus is well-formed and 14 lizards and five snakes (Table 1). Pictures of covers about 15% of the campus area. The living amphibians and reptiles are provided in cultivated plants on the Old Campus include figures 1–15. The Al-Arish campus had the highest mostly ornamental trees, herbs and native plants. number of reptiles (13 species) followed by the 4- Ismailia New Campus (30° 38’ 32’’ N, 32° 16’ Ismailia New Campus. The following is a 17’’ E) was constructed on an area of about 1 km2 checklist of amphibians and reptiles inhabiting the in the Ismailia desert and includes 10 faculties, in university campuses with ecological notes when addition to administration buildings and available. dormitories. These collectively have more than 60 CLASS: AMPHIBIA buildings and annexes of 2–10 m height, in Order: Anura addition to six buildings under construction. These Family: Bufonidae buildings occupy about 23% of the total area of (1) Bufo regularis (Reuss, 1834); Egyptian toad. campus; the green occupies at least 30% of the Figure 1. This toad is most common on the campus and has ornamentals, green houses, Ismailia Old Campus and Port Said Campus. As a orchards in addition to a herbarium. result of greening the new campus at Ismailia, 5- Suez Old Campus (29° 58’ 33’’ N, 32° 31’ 67’’ populations of this toad have been observed in 2 E) is a small campus, occupying about 0.05 km different places, around buildings and heard and consisting of two faculties. A few trees are calling in cultivated areas. found on campus. This site was surveyed (2) Bufo viridis viridis (Laurenti, 1768); Green throughout the year. toad. Figure 2. This is a common species in North 6- Suez New Campus (29° 59’ 73’’ N, 32° 29’ 98’’ Sinai. A fairly small population was found around E) was established on an area of about 0.35 km2 on an old well on Al-Arish campus. The numbers of the Suez-Cairo desert highway in 2002. It consists this toad seem to have been decreasing due to the of three faculty buildings, two dormitory buildings increase in campus constructions. with two other buildings under construction. CLASS: REPTILIA Buildings collectively occupy about 20% of the total area of campus. The green area is very small Order: Squamata (less than 5%); most of the campus is firm reddish Suborder: Sauria sand desert. The campus was visited throughout Family: Agamidae the year. (3) Laudakia stellio (Linnaeus, 1758); Starred 7- St. Catherine Research Center (28° 33’ 11’’ N, agama. Figure 3. On the Al-Arish campus, the 33° 56’ 51’’ E) is situated at the mouth of Wadi Al- subspecies is assigned to vulgaris. It is diurnal, Arba’ien near St. Catherine monastery and heliophilous and active almost the entire year. In 2 summer and early autumn, these lizards exhibited occupies about 243 m in an extremely arid zone, a bimodal activity pattern, extending their activity with a few planted trees. This campus was visited as the day lengthened. Activity peaked in May and in March, May and July. 2 Herpetological Bulletin [2008] - Number 105 Herpetofauna of Suez Canal University campuses Species Ismailia Old Ismailia New Suez Old Suez New Port Said Al-Arish St. Catherine Sharm Ash- Campus Campus Campus Campus Campus Campus Research Sheikh Center Resthouse Bufo regularis ** * Bufo viridis viridis * Acanthodactylus boskianus * Acanthodactylus scutellatus * Mesalina olivieri * Cyrtopodion scabrum * Hemidactylus flaviviridis ** * Hemidactylus turcicus ** *** Ptyodactylus guttatus * Ptyodactylus hasselquistii * Tarentola a. annularis ** Stenodactylus sthenodactylus * Laudakia stellio ** Chalcides ocellatus ** * ** Mabuya quinquetaeniata ** Chamaeleo chamaeleon ** * Coluber rhodorhachis * Platyceps rogersi * Psammophis schokari ** Psammophis sibilans * Spalerosophis diadema ** * Total 8724313 31 decreased in August. Daily and seasonal activity Table 1. Amphibians and reptiles recorded in the Suez Canal University campuses. patterns of males did not differ from those of females. The percentage of lizards that perched in near the Faculty of Education building. In direct sunlight or in shade differed seasonally and captivity, two eggs hatched on 8 July and one on fluctuated with air temperatures. These lizards 22 July, the hatchlings were more brightly colored used all available microhabitats on campus, but than adults and measured 19 and 20 mm SVL. were found most frequently on fences and on the After 3 days, one of these geckos developed ground. Adults occupied higher perches than ecdysis. juveniles and subadults. Lizards were found in (5) Hemidactylus flaviviridis flaviviridis (Rüppell, areas of both sparse and dense plant cover, but 1835); Indian leaf-toed gecko. This gecko is showed no preference for any particular plant. common on the Suez campuses. One lizard was A single individual was seen on the stony fence observed running on the ground during the day on surrounding the Research Center at St. Catherine area 11 February 2000 on the Suez Old Campus. On the during May 2001. The right and left transverse rows on Al-Arish campus, only a single young specimen dorsum have large scales with small scales in between.
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