DOCSLIB.ORG

The Count of Saint-Gilles and the Saints of the Apocalypse

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Count of Saint-Gilles and the Saints of the Apocalypse University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2015 The ounC t of Saint-Gilles and the Saints of the Apocalypse: Occitanian Piety and Culture in the Time of the First Crusade Thomas Whitney Lecaque University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Recommended Citation Lecaque, Thomas Whitney, "The ounC t of Saint-Gilles and the Saints of the Apocalypse: Occitanian Piety and Culture in the Time of the First Crusade. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2015. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3434 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Thomas Whitney Lecaque entitled "The ounC t of Saint-Gilles and the Saints of the Apocalypse: Occitanian Piety and Culture in the Time of the First Crusade." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Jay Rubenstein, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Thomas Burman, Jacob Latham, Rachel Golden Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) The Count of Saint-Gilles and the Saints of the Apocalypse: Occitanian Piety and Culture in the Time of the First Crusade A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Thomas Whitney Lecaque August 2015 ii Copyright © 2015 by Thomas Whitney Lecaque All rights reserved. iii Acknowledgements In the process of researching this dissertation, I owe a very large number of people thanks. To the archivists and librarians at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris, the Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal in Paris, the Bodleian Library in Oxford, the British Library in London, the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, the Archives départmentales du Puy-de-Dômes in Clermont-Ferrand, the Archives départmentales du Haute-Loire in Le Puy-en-Velay, the Archives départmentales de l’Aude in Carcassonne, the Archives départmentales du Vaucluse in Avignon, the Archives départmentales du Gard in Nîmes, the Bibliothèque du Faculté de Medicine in Montpellier, the Bibliothèque Municipale of Montpellier, the Bibliothèque Municipale of Avignon, the Bibliothèque Municipale of Arles, the Bibliothèque Municipale of Clermont-Ferrand, the Bibliothèque Municipale of Le Puy-en-Velay, the Bibliothèque Inguimberinte of Carpentras, the Burgerbibliothek of Bern, and especially the Hodges Library of University of Tennessee, both circulation and ILL, I owe the deepest depths of gratitude for their kindness, unfailing goodwill and willingness to allow me not only to look at their manuscripts but to photograph many of them. My research was made possible through the generosity of the University of Tennessee Department of History’s Galen Broeker grant, the Medieval Academy’s Etienne Gilson Dissertation Grant, the University of Tennessee Center for International Education’s W.K. McClure grant, the Newton W. and Wilma C. Thomas Graduate Felloship from the University of Tennessee College of Arts and Sciences, and the Jimmy and Dee Haslam Dissertation Fellowship from the Marco Institute. My thanks to the wide range of people who have helped me through the years as I worked on this project, whose friendship, advice and questions have made this project better in every way: Jay Rubenstein, Thomas Burman, Rachel Golden, Guy Lobrichon, Jacob Latham, Jonathan Phillips, Nicholas Morton, Damien Carraz, Elizabeth Lapina, Sebastien Fray, Simon Parsons, William Purkis, Florian Besson, Martin Gravel, Bradley Phillis, Bernard Sanial, Christian Lauranson-Rosaz, Anthony Minnema, Leonora Neville, Peter Frankopan, Lauren Mulholland, John Pryor, Samu Niskanen, Jean Berger, Matthew Gabriele, Katherine Allen Smith, Kristin Skottki, Philippe Buc, Emir Filipovic, Elizabeth Wilson, Eliana Magnani, and Jake Ransohoff, among many others. To Guy and Marie-Therese Lobrichon, Sebastien and Celine Fray, and Lauren Mulholland and Denis Burdakov, who opened their homes and their lives to me, I can never thank you enough. Without my parents, Patrick Lecaque and Faith Beane, who instilled in me a love of learning and travel, encouraged me every step of the way, and never flagged in their faith of me, and my sister, Emily Lecaque, who has supported me every step of the way my whole life, I would never have been able to get this far. And more than anyone else, to my wife Annie, and my sons Jamie and Jacob, who make every moment of my life worth living: I love you, and without your patience, love, sacrifice, and encouragement, this never could have happened. This dissertation is dedicated to you. iv Abstract This dissertation examines Raymond of Saint-Gilles’ regional affiliation in Occitania (modern southern France) and the effect of that identity on his conduct of the First Crusade. Crusade historiography has not paid much attention to regional difference, but Raymond’s case shows that Occitanians approached crusading in a fundamentally different manner from other crusaders. They placed apocalyptic eschatology in the forefront of the First Crusade and portraying the First Crusade as bringing about the New Jerusalem. To be Occitanian was not merely to be a speaker of Occitan. It was to be part of a Mediterranean culture, halfway between classical Roman and medieval Frank, with a religious culture influenced by Greek saints, Egyptian monasticism, an intellectually and culturally vigorous Jewish population, and repeated Arab invasions and pirate raids. It was also to be imbued with romanitas, a close connection to Rome, to both the Papacy and the material, legal, and cultural legacy of the Roman Empire. At the same time, Raymond was not the only important figure to go on the First Crusade from Occitania. The papal legate, Adhemar of Le Puy, came from the Auvergne, a radically different region where the reaction to the collapse of the Carolingian empire led to a region ruled by the clergy, supported by idol-like statues of saints and organized through the Peace of God. These two disparate identities came together in the First Crusade, a Gregorian Reformist venture conceived and organized with Occitanian leadership. This team, the new Moses and Aaron of the crusaders, effectively followed papal policy in the early stages of the crusade. With the traumatic siege of Antioch and the “discovery” of the Holy Lance, however, a radical shift in the crusade occurred, following the eschatological visions of a handful of Occitanian priests. Though the Kingdom of God did not, in the end, appear, the apocalyptic eschatology that the Occitanians brought with them on the First Crusade led to Raymond of Saint-Gilles refusing the crown of Jerusalem, preferring to leave empty-handed than risk becoming the Antichrist. v Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter 1 The Count of Saint-Gilles: Romanitas, Eastern Saints and the Urban World of Raymond IV ...................................................................................................................... 21 The Count of Saint-Gilles: The Bas-Rhône Holdings of the Toulousain Second Son .. 22 Romanitas and Raymond: Memories of Empire in Mediterranean Occitania ............. 34 A Land of Violence: Muslim Invasions of the Midi and the Counts of Provence ......... 44 Provençal Christianity and Mediterranean Saints ....................................................... 51 The Church, the Saint, the Lance, and the End: A Provençal Origin of a Crusading Cult ....................................................................................................................................... 63 Chapter 2 The Mountains of God: Incarnate Saints and the Auvergnat Pax ................... 67 Feudal Revolution: Stephen II, Majesty Statues, and the Post-Carolingian Auvergne ....................................................................................................................................... 68 The People’s Peace: The Early Peace of God and the Bishop-Count of Le Puy ......... 87 The Peace of the Saints: Majesties, Miracles, and Processions of Peace in the Massif Central ....................................................................................................................................... 99 A Tale of Two Raymonds: Memories of the Peace and the Role of the Majesties in the Late Eleventh Century Auvergne ........................................................................................ 109 Chapter 3 The Making of a Gregorian Crusade: Pope Urban II, the Count of Saint-Gilles and the Construction of a Papal Crusade Movement .................................................................. 120 The Council of Piacenza and the Birth of the Crusade .............................................. 123 Urban’s Itinerary: Putting the House in Order .......................................................... 133 The Assumption in Le Puy: Organizing the Crusade.................................................. 138 The First Leg: The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • By Rachel Stone
    Exploring minor clerics in early medieval Tuscany by Rachel Stone Reti Medievali Rivista, 18, 1 (2017) <http://www.retimedievali.it> Firenze University Press Reti Medievali Rivista, 18, 1 (2017) <http://rivista.retimedievali.it> ISSN 1593-2214 © 2017 Firenze University Press DOI 10.6092/1593-2214/5076 Exploring minor clerics in early medieval Tuscany* by Rachel Stone The article examines minor clerics (clerici) in Carolingian texts. Comparing episcopal capitu- laries from Italy and Francia suggests that clerici played a more prominent role in Italian church life. An analysis of charters from the monastery of Monte Amiata reveals a high proportion of clerici. They appear as a rurally-based group, with varying levels of education, but of some local social standing, and were often mature men with children. The prevalence of such clerici may be related to the northern Italian structure of pievi, and the opportunities these provided for mixed patterns of father-son and uncle-nephew inheritance of church office. The blurring of the lay/clerical divide by such clerici may have particularly worried eleventh-century church reformers coming to Italy from other regions of Western Europe. Il saggio intende fornire una panoramica sui chierici minori nelle fonti di età carolingia, che, a partire dai capitolari episcopali, mostrano un ruolo assai più rilevante in area italica rispetto alle coeve dinamiche osservabili sul suolo francese. Tra le fonti, sono soprattutto le carte – det- tagliatamente analizzate – provenienti dall’archivio del monastero di San Salvatore al Monte Amiata a mostrare una consistente presenza di clerici. Essi appaiono generalmente come un gruppo a forte radicamento rurale, differenziato al proprio interno secondo livelli non omo- genei di educazione e alfabetizzazione, ma di una qualche eminenza sociale in ambito locale e con larga presenza di individui adulti con prole.
    [Show full text]
  • SUGER: MANAGING CHURCH and STATE THROUGH ST.-DENIS Martin P
    John Carroll University Carroll Collected Masters Theses Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects Summer 2017 SUGER: MANAGING CHURCH AND STATE THROUGH ST.-DENIS Martin P. McGrath John Carroll University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://collected.jcu.edu/masterstheses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation McGrath, Martin P., "SUGER: MANAGING CHURCH AND STATE THROUGH ST.-DENIS" (2017). Masters Theses. 26. http://collected.jcu.edu/masterstheses/26 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Essays, and Senior Honors Projects at Carroll Collected. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Carroll Collected. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUGER: MANAGING CHURCH AND STATE THROUGH ST.-DENIS A Thesis Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies College of Arts & Sciences of John Carroll University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts By Martin P. McGrath 2016 Table of Contents I. Introduction and Thesis Statement (Page 1) II. Suger: The Linchpin (Page 4) III. A Singularity of History (Page 7) IV. The Gathering of Resources (Page 10) V. The Politics of Innovation (Page 13) VI. Construction Begins (Page 17) VII. From the West to the East (Page 31) VIII. Adornments and Treasures (Page 50) IX. Conclusion (Page 61) X. Endnotes (Page 64) XI. Bibliography (Page 80) XII. Images (Page 85) The thesis of Martin P. McGrath is hereby accepted: ________________________________________ ___________________ Advisor - Dr. Brenda Wirkus Date ________________________________________ ___________________ Reader - Dr. Gerald Guest Date ________________________________________ ___________________ Reader - Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooter & Gell V. Hartmarx Corp., Caveat Advocatus, The
    Valparaiso University Law Review Volume 25 Number 2 Winter 1991 pp.311-330 Winter 1991 Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., Caveat Advocatus, The Growing Impact of Rule 11 Sanctions Craig K. Van Ess Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Craig K. Van Ess, Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., Caveat Advocatus, The Growing Impact of Rule 11 Sanctions, 25 Val. U. L. Rev. 311 (1991). Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr/vol25/iss2/6 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Valparaiso University Law School at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Valparaiso University Law Review by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Van Ess: Cooter & Gell v. Hartmarx Corp., Caveat Advocatus, The Growing Im NOTE FUNDING INDIANA'S PUBLIC SCHOOLS: A QUESTION OF EQUAL AND ADEQUATE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY It will be a great day when the Schools get all the money they need and the air force has to hold a bake sale to buy a bomber.' INTRODUCTION Indiana public schools must provide equal and adequate educational opportunity for all the state's children,2 yet Indiana schools face a funding crisis. Indiana has traditionally funded public education at a level below the national average, and the funding gap between Indiana and the national average continues to grow.3 The educational performance of Indiana students also ranks below the national average, despite recent efforts to improve Indiana schools.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles V, Monarchia Universalis and the Law of Nations (1515-1530)
    +(,121/,1( Citation: 71 Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 79 2003 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Mon Jan 30 03:58:51 2017 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information CHARLES V, MONARCHIA UNIVERSALIS AND THE LAW OF NATIONS (1515-1530) by RANDALL LESAFFER (Tilburg and Leuven)* Introduction Nowadays most international legal historians agree that the first half of the sixteenth century - coinciding with the life of the emperor Charles V (1500- 1558) - marked the collapse of the medieval European order and the very first origins of the modem state system'. Though it took to the end of the seven- teenth century for the modem law of nations, based on the idea of state sover- eignty, to be formed, the roots of many of its concepts and institutions can be situated in this period2 . While all this might be true in retrospect, it would be by far overstretching the point to state that the victory of the emerging sovereign state over the medieval system was a foregone conclusion for the politicians and lawyers of * I am greatly indebted to professor James Crawford (Cambridge), professor Karl- Heinz Ziegler (Hamburg) and Mrs. Norah Engmann-Gallagher for their comments and suggestions, as well as to the board and staff of the Lauterpacht Research Centre for Inter- national Law at the University of Cambridge for their hospitality during the period I worked there on this article.
    [Show full text]
  • The Volcanic Region of Auvergne
    THE VOLCANIC REGION OF AUVERGNE. By CANON T. G. BOKNEY, D.Se., LL.D.. F.R.S., etc., late Professor of Geology in University College, London. (Read July stll, 190L) UVERGNE, SO far as my experience goes, is the most A interesting region in France, if not in Europe. It can teach the geological student more about the natural history of volcanoes than the Eifel, or even than the neighbourhood of Naples, though not a single vent is now in action. Impressive as Vesuvius must be during an eruption, we have then to con­ template it from a respectful distance, so that, although I would gladly have witnessed this, I probably learnt more from being able to stand on the crater rim. Auvergne offers to our examination a wonderful series of preparations, the handiwork of nature, illustrative of the anatomy of a volcano, from crater-cones as perfect as that of Monte Nuovo to ruins as complete as those on the Fifeshire coast. These will principally attract your attention during your visit, but they do not exhaust the geological interests of the region. The volcanic cones rise from a great upland plateau-a huge insular mass of ancient, and to a large extent, crystalline rocks­ surrounded by Secondary and later strata. Depressions in this plateau were occupied towards the middle of the Tertiary era by extensive lakes, which were gradually filled up by beds of sand­ stone, marls and freshwater limestones, the earlier of which are contemporaneous with the Headon, Bembridge and Hamstead beds of our country. You will frequently come across sections of them, especially on the western flank of the broad valley of the Allier, sealed up sometimes under sheets of basalt.
    [Show full text]
  • Normans and the Papacy
    Normans and the Papacy A micro history of the years 1053-1059 Marloes Buimer S4787234 Radboud University January 15th, 2019 Dr. S. Meeder Radboud University SCRSEM1 V NORMAN2 NOUN • 1 member of a people of mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy from about AD 912 and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean in the 11th century.1 1 English Oxford living dictionaries, <https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/norman> [consulted on the 19th of January 2018]. Index INDEX 1 PREFACE 3 ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF PEOPLE 7 CHAPTER 1: STATUS QUAESTIONIS 9 CHAPTER 2: BATTLE AT CIVITATE 1000-1053 15 CHAPTER 3: SCHISM 1054 25 CHAPTER 4: PEACE IN ITALY 1055-1059 35 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 1 2 Preface During my pre-master program at the Radboud University, I decided to write my bachelor thesis about the Vikings Rollo, Guthrum and Rörik. Thanks to that thesis, my interest for medieval history grew and I decided to start the master Eternal Rome. That thesis also made me more enthusiastic about the history of the Vikings, and especially the Vikings who entered the Mediterranean. In the History Channel series Vikings, Björn Ironside decides to go towards the Mediterranean, and I was wondering in what why this affected the status of Vikings. While reading literature about this conquest, there was not a clear matter to investigate. Continuing reading, the matter of the Normans who settled in Italy came across. The literature made it clear, on some levels, why the Normans came to Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Romanesque Confererence Abstracts
    ROMANESQUE AND THE PAST ABSTRACTS John McNeill An Introduction to 11th and 12th-Century Attitudes to the Past One of the questions the conference is implicitly posing is whether there is a discernably Romanesque sense of the Past - an attitude or set of approaches to the past different to that of, say, the fourteenth century - or the fourth? And whether there is any consistency in the way this might be expressed - both across media - and across regions. By way of an introduction this paper will largely concentrate on architecture, and look at the ways in which spolia - material fragments of the past - were reused. It will suggest that the allusive capacity of spolia was important in certain areas of Europe in creating an architecture which attempted to emulate the architecture of Late Antiquity, particularly in the second half of the 11th century, though for the most part spolia was used for very specific and local reasons. It will conclude with a very brief consideration of emulation and architectural referentiality. Eric Fernie The Concept of the Romanesque The Romanesque style is one of the most loosely defined and controversial of art historical periods. The paper will assess the case against it and then that for it, concentrating on architecture and examining in particular when it is supposed to have begun, how it related to the political units of the time, and how it is used in conjunction with other period labels. The presentation concludes with an assessment of the origins of the Romanesque in a broad historical context. Richard Gem St Peter’s Basilica in Rome c.1024-1159: a model for emulation? The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the possible role of the ancient basilica of St Peter in Rome as a model for architectural design and for religious practice in Europe between the second quarter of the eleventh century and the middle of the twelfth (from Pope John XIX to Pope Hadrian IV).
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International T U T T L E , V Ir G in Ia G R a C E
    INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material subm itted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Gennaio 2004.Pdf
    ACTA APOSTOLICAE SEDIS COMMENTARIUM OFFICIALE An. et Vol. XCVI TYPIS VATICANIS MMIV An. et vol. XCVI 2 Ianuarii 2004 N. 1 ACTA APOSTOLICAE SEDIS COMMENTARIUM OFFICIALE Directio: Palazzo Apostolico – Citta` del Vaticano – Administratio: Libreria Editrice Vaticana ACTA IOANNIS PAULI PP. II LITTERAE DECRETALES quibus beato Iosepho Mariae Rubio y Peralta sanctorum honores decernuntur. IOANNES PAULUS EPISCOPUS servus servorum dei ad perpetuam rei memoriam « Omnia autem facio propter evangelium » (1 Cor 9,23). Ad imitationem beati Apostoli Pauli qui omnibus omnia factus est, ut aliquos utique faceret salvos (cfr 1 Cor 9,22), beatus Iosephus Maria Rubio y Peralta totam dicavit vitam ut nuntium diffunderet evangelicum. Ille enim exemplari vita, assidua praedicatione, Sacramentorum administratione at- que plurimorum operum apostolicorum promotione ita Regni Christi propa- gationi profuit ut « Apostolus Matritensis » appellaretur. Fidelis hic Ecclesiae filius die xxii mensis Iulii anno mdccclxiv in loco Dalı´as (in regione Almeriensi) e familia quadam rustica est natus. Vocationem ad sacerdotium praesentiens, anno mdccclxxvi Seminarium dioecesanum Alme- riense est ingressus. Educationem formationemque culturalem et religiosam Granatae necnon Matriti est prosecutus atque die xxiv mensis Septembris anno mdccclxxxvii sacerdotii pretiosum accepit donum. Pastoralem explevit studiose navitatem primum in « Chincho´n » atque in « Estremera », deinde vero apud Seminarium Matritense munus exercuit professoris philosophiae, lin- guae Latinae atque theologiae pastoralis. Iam ab adulescentia desiderium persensit Societatem Iesu ingrediendi, sed de sacerdote quodam seni curam 6 Acta Apostolicae Sedis – Commentarium Officiale agens, desiderium istud efficere non potuit. Tantummodo anno mcmvi Socie- tatem Iesu est ingressus, die vero xii mensis Octobris anno mcmviii vota nuncupavit religiosa. Diligentem omnino deinde explevit pastoralem operam, scholas fundavit atque sacras aedificavit aedes.
    [Show full text]
  • Suppose It to Be So
    188 L A W GLOSSARY. by a fine of twenty-five asses, or pounds of brass. But if the injury was more atrocious, as, for instance, if any one deprived another of the use of a limb, (si membrum rapsit, i. e. ruperit,) he was punished by retaliation, \talione,) if the person injured would not accept of any other satisfaction. If he only dislocated or broke a bone, he paid three hundred asses, if the suffer er was a freeman ; and one hundred and fifty, if a slave. Gell. xx. If any one slandered another by defamatory verses, (si quis aliquem publice diffamas- set, eique adversus bonos mores convicium fecissit,�i. e. "if any one defamed another, or cast reproach on him contrary to good manners or morality ;" " affronted him (vel carmen famosum in eum condidisset)�i. e. made an in famous libel upon him," he was beaten with a club, vid. Hor. Sat. ii. which alludes to the law for this species of libel. But these laws gradually fell into disuse, Gell. xx. ; and by the edicts of the Prcetor, an action was granted on account of ail personal injuries and af fronts only, for a fine, which was proportioned according to the dignity of the person, and the nature of the injury. This, however, being found in sufficient to check licentiousness and insolence, Sulla made a new law con cerning injuries, by which, not only a civil action, but also a criminal prose cution, was appointed for certain offences, with the punishment of exile, or working in the mines.
    [Show full text]
  • Table Ronde Spectacle
    vagabondes vagabondes vagabondes humeurs vagabondes vagabondes vaabondes humeurs vagabondes vaabondes vaabondes vaabondes vaabondes vaabondes vaabondes HUM HUM vaabondesEURS EURS LES ARCHIVES DÉPARTEMENTALES DE L’AUDE HUM présentent Table ronde oin de l’image d’Epinal qui considère les sociétés du passé MARDI 15 DÉCEMBRE humeurs - 20H30 Les routes à travers l’Histoire - D’hier à aujourd’hui comme immuables et immobiles, les mobilités se sont vaabondesEURS imposées dans le champ de la recherche historique depuis une vingtaine Stéphane Gervais, Directeur départemental des Routes et des Mobilités et Stéphane Durand, professeur d’histoire moderne à l’Université d’Avignon. d’années.L De plus en plus nombreuses, fréquentes et rapides dans le Entre la construction de la route Vauban, dans la Haute Vallée de l’Aude à la fin du XVIIe siècle et celle des e Circulations et déplacements monde du XXI siècle, elles irriguent en effet l’évolution de l’humanité autoroutes A 9 et A 62 dans les années 1970, l’histoire du réseau routier audois s’est faite par étapes progressives, vaabondes depuis ses plus lointaines origines. Durant des siècles, le nomadisme correspondant à divers phénomènes historiques mais aussi au rôle assidu de l’administration des Ponts-et- de l’antiquité à nos jours Chaussées. La compréhension du tissu routier actuel et de ses spécificités passe donc par une nécessaire a d’ailleurs constitué la norme, malgré une sédentarisation initiée dès analyse rétrospective qui peut être menée notamment à partir des documents cartographiques. Historiens, le Néolithique. Liée à l’histoire des transports, mais aussi à celle des géographes et ingénieurs apportent ainsi leurs regards croisés à ce qui constitue toujours un vaste défi pour l’administration départementale : relier les habitants entre eux malgré l’éloignement et le relief accidenté.
    [Show full text]
  • Heresy Proceedings in Languedoc, 1500-1560 Author(S): Raymond A
    Heresy Proceedings in Languedoc, 1500-1560 Author(s): Raymond A. Mentzer, Jr. Source: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, Vol. 74, No. 5 (1984), pp. 1-183 Published by: American Philosophical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1006391 . Accessed: 17/12/2013 10:14 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Philosophical Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 142.58.129.109 on Tue, 17 Dec 2013 10:14:05 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions TRANSACTIONS ofthe AmericanPhilosophical Society Held at Philadelphiafor Promoting Useful Knowledge VOLUME 74, Part 5, 1984 Heresy Proceedingsin Languedoc, 1500-1560 RAYMOND A. MENTZER,JR. Associate Professorof History, Montana State University THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY Independence Square, Philadelphia 1984 This content downloaded from 142.58.129.109 on Tue, 17 Dec 2013 10:14:05 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Copyright? 1984 by The AmericanPhilosophical Society Libraryof Congress Catalog Card Number 83-73280 IntemationalStandard Book Number 0-87169-745-9 US ISSN 0065-9746 This content downloaded from 142.58.129.109 on Tue, 17 Dec 2013 10:14:05 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions CONTENTS Page Introduction.........................................
    [Show full text]