Wairarapa Moana Wetlands Sea of Glistening Waters
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WAIRARAPA MOANA WETLANDS SEA OF GLISTENING WATERS Featherston ellington Visitor shelter To W Contents Masterton Easy walking Martinborough Things to do 2 Keep dogs under control Beautiful Wairarapa Picnic area Moana 3 Toilet Wairarapa Moana’s Bird watching estern Lake Rd native wildlife 5 W Cross Creek Murphys Line Rd th Featherston Rd Cycling carpark Lae S Planning a trip 7 omain Barton’s lagoon Places to visit 9 Fishing Lake Domain Reserve 10 Camping Tauherenikau River (north Lake Wairarapa) Kayaking Boggy Pond and Wairio 11 wetlands (eastern Lake Wairarapa) 0 1 2 3 4 5km Wairarapa Lae Wairarapa Lake Shore 12 Shore Scenic Reserve ara Rd Scenic Reserve (western Lake Kahut Wairarapa) Wairio wetlands Lake Wairarapa Boggy Pounui lagoon 13 Pond (northern Lake Ōnoke) Ōnoke Spit 14 Waiorongomai River (southern Lake Ōnoke) Parera Rd Lake Ōnoke 15 (Lake Ferry settlement) Allsops Bay Caring for 16 To Martinborough Wairarapa Moana Access Rd Observing nature in 17 est W Ruamahanga River Wairarapa Moana Barrage Gates East Wairarapa Moana 17 Martinborough Pirinoa Rd Kohunui regional location map marae Wairarapa Moana Wetlands Glossary of Māori 18 Terms estern Lake Rd Native vegetation W Exotic trees N. Island Pirinoa and grass Pounui lagoon Mud flats Paul’s Beach gravel Bank Lake Önoke Water Wairarapa Moana Kiriwai Lake Ferry Track lagoon Ōorewa lagoon Cape Palliser Rd Birdhide Ōnoe Spit Formed carpark Gravel road S. Island Palliser Bay Rimutaka Cycle Trail 2 THINGS TO DO Bird watching Cycling Enjoy bird watching from natural vantage points at The Rimutaka Cycle Trail joins Western Lake Road at the main visitor sites, or from the bird hides at Boggy Cross Creek Road (see www.nzcycletrail.com). Pond and the lake shore at Wairio wetland. Bird Cyclists can continue south on the trail to the coast of watching sites are marked on the map opposite. Take Palliser Bay or 12km north to Featherston. Cycling via your camera and binoculars! Western Lake Road, East-West Access Road and Kahutara Road forms a 67km loop ride around Lake Walking Wairarapa from Featherston. Walks range from about 20 minutes to 3 hours. Most are an easy gradient over uneven ground. Tracks are Fishing marked on the map overleaf and signposted from car Brown trout in Lake Wairarapa are best found in river parks. deltas where fly fishing and spinning can be effective. A fishing licence is required for trout, perch and tench. Camping Licences can be purchased at some outdoor sports stores or online at www.fishandgame.org.nz. Part Free campsites at Lake Domain Reserve and of the licence fee supports waterfowl and wetland Wairarapa Lake Shore Scenic Reserve offer basic conservation. facilities for tent and motorhome camping. For more camping options nearby see www.wairarapanz.com Duck shooting Swimming Lake Wairarapa is a top waterfowl hunting location in Aotearoa/New Zealand, attracting hunters from Lake Wairarapa has lots of sediment making it overseas and throughout the country. The game bird look muddy. However, the water is usually safe to hunting season runs for six to eight weeks starting in swim in unless there has been heavy rainfall when early May. A game bird hunting licence is required some pollutants might be present. Swimming is not to hunt waterfowl. For more information on licencing recommended in Lake Ōnoke due to strong tidal visit www.fishandgame.org.nz or an outdoor sports flows when the mouth of the lake is open to the sea. store. Part of the licence fee supports waterfowl and Kayaking, canoeing and wetland conservation. windsurfing The best launch spots are at Lake Domain Reserve, Wairarapa Lake Shore Scenic Reserve, Lake Ōnoke and Ōnoke Spit. These sites are marked on the map opposite. Front & back cover photography by Peter Monk BEAUTIFUL WAIRARAPA Photo: Peter Monk MOANA 4 he glistening waters and big sky vistas of A place of change TWairarapa Moana appeal to those looking for a peaceful experience. The lakeside silence is broken In 1855 one of the largest known earthquakes in only by the wind and the flap of wings. Aotearoa/New Zealand contributed to raising the Visitors can explore and enjoy the wildlife of the lakebed and wetlands. Lake Wairarapa, the shallow lakes, natural wetlands and sand dunes. Despite remains of a once larger lake, is part of a depression its sense of remoteness, Wairarapa Moana is formed by the convergence of two tectonic plates. surrounded by farmland and is easily reached from While the wetlands continue to evolve naturally, nearby Featherston, Greytown and Martinborough. human intervention has reduced the area and changed the character of Wairarapa Moana. Swamps, predominant in the low-lying area of A wetland taonga Wairarapa Moana, were drained and cleared for farming. Wairarapa Moana, meaning “sea of glistening The Lower Wairarapa Valley Development waters”, is an internationally important wetland and Scheme, a flood management system completed the largest lake and remaining wetland complex in the 1970’s, saw diversion of the Ruamahanga in the lower North Island. For some 800 years it River away from Lake Wairarapa and the installation has been a place of significant customary and of the Barrage Gates. This system is still used to spiritual importance, abundant in natural food and artificially manage the lake levels. resources. In 2012, a formal partnership was established in Wairarapa Moana has a history that links farmers response to a growing recognition of the need and tangata whenua. In the 1840’s land leases from to improve the health and to restore the mauri of Māori by sheep farmers were barred by a Crown the lakes and the surrounding environment. Ngāti keen to buy the land and sell it on for profit. Just the Kahungunu ki Wairarapa, Rangitāne o Wairarapa, local hapū, Greater Wellington Regional Council, lakes and the flood-prone areas crucial for tuna/ South Wairarapa District Council, the Department eel fishing were left in Māori ownership. The Moana of Conservation, farmers and the wider community was subsequently gifted by tangata whenua to now work together to help protect and enhance the the Crown in 1896 in exchange for reserves. Māori natural, recreational, historical and cultural values of eventually received land in the Waikato, and redress Wairarapa Moana. for Wairarapa iwi is being progressed under the Tiriti o Waitangi/Treaty of Waitangi. NATIVE WILDLIFE OF WAIRARAPA Photo: Peter Monk MOANA 6 Birds Plants The range of habitats in Wairarapa Moana supports When lake levels on the eastern shore are low, a many wading, shore, wetland and forest birds. large expanse of tiny prostrate plants (a turf field) is Kawau/black shags can often be seen posing visible. This vegetation supports a seasonal influx of with wings outstretched to dry. A flock of kotuku- migratory birds. The lake and lagoon sedgelands ngutupapa/royal spoonbills and other wading birds play an important role in helping to improve water might be seen feeding on the lake shore mudflats. quality and to provide a buffer from flood waters. When the water level is low, they may be joined They also provide more secure habitat for birds to by the kuaka/bar-tailed godwit, which are Arctic nest. migrants. Don’t discount the value of the scruffy looking Rare and secretive wetland birds may be heard Buchanan’s and curly sedges at the water’s edge rather than seen. A population of endangered at Lake Domain Reserve. While they are more matuku/Australasian bittern ‘boom’ a territorial call common in gardens, they are unusual inhabitants of this locality. during their breeding season. Ōnoke Spit is one of the national strongholds for Threatened taranui/Caspian terns and karoro/ hinarepe/sand tussock. Also tenaciously holding on black-backed gulls nest in the exposed sands of are the mat daisy (Raoulia species) and pinatoro Ōnoke Spit. (Pimelea species), in which survives a Notoreas moth species endemic to this area and the Fish and shellfish endangered katipo spider. The waterbodies of Wairarapa Moana provide For more information on Wairarapa Moana freshwater and estuarine habitats for fish. Tuna/ biodiversity see www.waiwetlands.org.nz longfin eel are iconic to the area, having previously migrated in their thousands across Ōnoke Spit. The lower tributaries of Lake Ōnoke provide spawning habitat for inanga/whitebait, while pātiki mohoao/black flounder inhabit the lake bed. Käkahi Kākahi/freshwater mussels are found in some of the rivers and lakes around Wairarapa Moana. They prefer soft muds with gently flowing water. Kākahi have historically been a food source for Māori and the shells were used as cutting tools. Photo: Peter Monk Kākahi face an uncertain future as they are a species in decline. The health of the Wairarapa Moana population is being monitored. PLANNING A TRIP Traveling to the Moana Half day itinerary suggestions Wairarapa Moana is close to Greytown, Pounui Lagoon and Ōnoke Spit Featherston, Martinborough and the small coastal Pack a picnic for a stop at Wairarapa Lake Shore settlement of Lake Ferry. Scenic Reserve, part way down the western shore of Lake Wairarapa. Take a pair of binoculars and walk Distances between sites or kayak for some bird observing at Pounui Lagoon. by vehicle A return walk along a stop bank leading north overlooks the wetlands. An alternative route is along Paul’s Bank, running east along the northern edge of Featherston to Lake Domain 8km / 10 mins Lake Ōnoke. Reserve Access to Ōnoke Spit (a 3km stretch) is just a few Featherston to Wairarapa Lake kilometres further south. There are more wetland 18km / 20mins Shore Scenic Reserve birds to be observed at Kiriwai Lagoon (adjacent to the car parking area) or shorebirds along the Spit. Featherston to Ōnoke Spit 40km / 50 mins Lake Ferry and Ōkorewa Lagoon Featherston to Boggy Pond/ 25km / 30 mins An unsealed road after the Lake Ferry Hotel leads Wairio to a lagoon for a short walk or bird observing and Martinborough to Boggy to the beach for fishing or longer walks (3km east to 28km / 30 mins Pond/Wairio Whangaimoana Beach or west across to Ōnoke Spit if the outlet is closed).