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Title a New Tiny Kalophrynus (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae A New Tiny Kalophrynus (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) Title from Northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo Author(s) Matsui, Masafumi; Nishikawa, Kanto Citation Current Herpetology (2011), 30(2): 145-153 Issue Date 2011-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216838 Right © 2011 by The Herpetological Society of Japan Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Current Herpetology 30(2): 145–153, December 2011 doi 10.5358/hsj.30.145 © 2011 by The Herpetological Society of Japan A New Tiny Kalophrynus (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from Northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo MASAFUMI MATSUI* AND KANTO NISHIKAWA Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8501, JAPAN Abstract: A new microhylid frog is described from Bario, Kelabit Highlands of the State of Sarawak, in the Eastern Malaysia of Borneo Island. Morphologi- cally, the new species differs from all known congeners in the combination of small body size; short fourth finger without subarticular tubercle; absence of subarticular tubercles on fifth toe, and usually on first finger; presence of light lateral stripe and dark inguinal spot; absence of nuptial pads and outer metatarsal tubercles. Acoustically, the new species differs from all congeners whose calls have been reported, except for K. baluensis and K. yongi, with short unpulsed notes emitted intermittently. Key words: Advertisement call; Borneo; Kalophrynus; New species; Taxonomy INTRODUCTION ever, indicated validity of some taxa that have been synonymized with the others. The Oriental microhylid genus Kalophrynus Inger (1966) revised the genus and listed five Tschudi, 1838, occurs widely from Southern species from Borneo. Four additional species China to Java, the Philippines, and Assam, have since been described (Dring, 1984; Kiew, India and consists of small-sized terrestrial 1984; Das and Haas, 2003; Dehling, 2011), frogs that inhabit among leaf litters of the forest but another, undescribed species is still present floor. The genus is small, with about 19 species, on this island. During a survey of northeast- and accounts for only 3% of the family Micro- ern Sarawak, northwestern Borneo, we heard hylidae Günther, 1858 (Frost, 2011; Matsui et calls of a Kalophrynus in 2008, and succeeded al., 2011a,b), but constitutes a distinct subfamily in collecting specimens in 2009 and 2010, from Kalophryninae Mivart, 1869. Notwithstanding Bario in the Kelabit Highlands, where several this low species diversity, their classification herpetological collecting has been conducted has been sometimes confused, because some in recent years (Zainudin, 1998; Das and Haas, species of Kalophrynus are very similar to each 2003; Das, 2005). The call of this species was other in morphology (e.g., Inger, 1966). The similar to the calls of some Kalophrynus results of more recent acoustic and molecular reported to date (Malkmus and Riede, 1996; analyses (e.g., Matsui et al., 1996, 2011a), how- Matsui, 2009), but later close examination proved that the species in question is different * Corresponding author. Tel/Fax: +81–75–753– not only morphologically but also genetically 6846; from all known congeners. Thus we describe it E-mail address: [email protected] as a new species. 146 Current Herpetol. 30(2) 2011 MATERIALS AND METHODS together with nine congeneric species. Methods of DNA preparation and data analyses are as We recorded frog calls in the field using dig- reported in Matsui et al. (2011a). ital recorders (Zoom H2 and Olympus LS-10), and measured air temperature at the time of SYSTEMATICS recording with a quick-recording thermostat thermometer (Takara A 600). Calls recorded Kalophrynus barioensis sp. nov. were analyzed with the SoundEdit Pro (Figs. 1–3) (MacroMind-Paracom, Inc) software packages on a Macintosh computer, as described else- Holotype where (Matsui, 1997). SM.MU455.16 (formerly KUHE 53127), After taking tissues for phylogenetic analy- adult male from Jln. Arul Dalan trail to New ses, specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, Dam, Bario, State of Sarawak, Malaysia preserved in 70% ethanol, and are stored in (03°45' N, 115°26' E, 1141 m asl), collected by Sarawak Museum (SM) and Graduate School Kanto Nishikawa on 18 August 2009. of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University (KUHE). Paratypes We took 18 body measurements following KUHE 53125, 53126, two adult males data Matsui (1984): 1) snout-vent length (SVL); 2) same as the holotype; KUHE 53128, 53129, head length (HL); 3) snout length (SL); 4) two adult males locality same as the holotype, nostril-eye distance (N-EL); 5) eye length (EL, collected on 19 August 2010 by Kanto including upper eyelid, not superficial eyeball Nishikawa; KUHE 53571, an adult female diameter); 6) tympanum-eye length (T-EL); 7) from the same locality as the holotype, col- tympanum diameter (TD); 8) head width lected on 13 August 2010 by Koshiro Eto. (HW); 9) internarial distance (IND); 10) inter- orbital distance (IOD); 11) upper eyelid width Etymology (UEW); 12) lower arm and hand length (LAL, The specific epithet is derived from Bario, a from elbow to tip of third finger); 13) forelimb town in the Kelabit Highlands in Sarawak, length (FLL); 14) tibia length (TL); 15) foot northwestern Borneo, where this species occurs. length (FL); 16) hindlimb length (HLL); 17) inner metatarsal tubercle length (IMTL); and Diagnosis 18) first toe length (1TL, from distal end of A small-sized species that can be distin- inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of first toe). guished from all congeneric species by the We made all measurements to the nearest following combination of characters; adult 0.05 mm with dial calipers under a binocular males 17.5–19.8 mm SVL (mean=18.5, n=5) dissecting microscope. For the description of and adult female 20.5 mm SVL (n=1); third toe toe-webbing states we follow Savage (1975). longer than fifth; projection of fourth finger For morphological comparisons, we exam- from palm shorter than length of terminal ined specimens of Kalophrynus stored at phalanx of third finger; subarticular tubercles KUHE; The Natural History Museum, London under fourth finger and fifth toe absent, and (BM); Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Gen- usually absent under first finger; indistinct gland ova (MSNG); National Museum of Natural dorsal to arm insertion; no nuptial pads or History (Naturalis), Leiden (=Rijksmuseum asperities; forelimb without a humeral spine in van Natuurlijke Historie Leiden, RMNH); and males; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; light Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senck- lateral stripe; usually with distinct inguinal dark enberg, Frankfurt am Main (SMF). spot without white rim or spotting; call con- We examined the mitochondrial DNA genes sisted of a short, unpulsed note emitted inter- 12S and 16S rRNA from two male paratypes mittently with a long note gap. MATSUI & NISHIKAWA—NEW FROG FROM BORNEO 147 FIG. 1. (A) Dorsal and (B) ventral views of the male holotype of Kalophrynus barioensis sp. nov. (SM.MU455.16). Scale bar, 10 mm. FIG. 2. Ventral views of (A) foot and (B) hand of the male holotype of Kalophrynus barioensis sp. nov. (SM.MU455.16). Scale bar, 5 mm. 148 Current Herpetol. 30(2) 2011 Description of holotype (measurements in mm) Small sized (SVL 17.5); habitus stocky; head triangular, slightly longer (6.3) than wide (6.2); snout bluntly pointed dorsally, pointed in pro- file, projecting beyond lower jaw; eye longer (2.8) than snout (2.4); canthus rostralis not sharply defined, straight; loreal region vertical, very slightly concave; nostril below canthus rostralis, directed laterally, closer to tip of snout (0.9) than to eye (1.2); interorbital distance (2.2) much wider than internarial distance (1.7), the latter larger than upper eyelid (1.3); pineal spot absent; tympanum not very dis- IG tinct, diameter (1.3) less than one-half that of F . 3. Dorsolateral view of a male paratype of Kalophrynus barioensis sp. nov. (KUHE 53125) eye, and very close to eye (0.2); upper jaw from Bario, Kelabit Highlands, Sarawak. edentate; tongue entire, without papillae; crenulated ridges of skin on palate posterior to eye; a median, subgular vocal sac; long slit-like delimited by a sinuous groove; a raw of round vocal openings on both sides of mouth floor. tubercles dorsolaterally from posterior margin Forelimb long (11.0); fingers thick, all basally of upper eyelid to groin; minute tubercles slightly webbed; tips rounded, not dilated; rela- along margin of lower jaw and on flank; large tive length of fingers: IV<I<II<III; portion subconical tubercles on chest (Fig. 1B); chin, of fourth finger projecting from palm (0.6) abdomen, and posteroventral side of thigh shorter than length of terminal phalanx of with flattened glandules; inner and outer third finger (0.8); outer palmar tubercle large margins of fourth finger without skin fringes; (1.0) and fleshy, inner indistinct; subarticular nuptial pads absent. tubercles between finger tip and palmer tuber- cle rounded and indistinct, one on finger II and Color two on III (Fig. 2B); humeral spine absent. In life, ground color of dorsum orange Hindlimb moderately long (22.1) and slender; brown, with obscure hour-glass shaped brown tibia moderately long (8.0), heels not overlap- marking from upper eyelid to shoulder; a light ping when folded limbs held at right angles to cream dorsolateral line extending from ante- body; tibiotarsal articulation of adpressed limb rior margin of upper eyelid to groin, forming a reaching to the center of tympanum when held boundary between lighter dorsum and
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