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An Avowal of Importance of Endangered Tree Oroxylum Indicum (Linn.) Vent

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An Avowal of Importance of Endangered Tree Oroxylum Indicum (Linn.) Vent Article An avowal of importance of endangered tree Oroxylum indicum (Linn.) Vent. M Gokhale and Y K Bansal* Department of Bioscience, R.D. University, Jabalpur-482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India *Correspondent author Received 2 May 2005; Accepted 5 July 2005 Abstract A small deciduous tree Oroxylum indicum (Linn.) Vent. of family Bignoniaceae, also known as Shivnak, Sonapatha, Shyonaka or Midnight horror possesses economic as well as medicinal importance. The tree was distributed throughout the greater part of India but now it is listed amongst endangered species in many areas in the country. Its conservation is urgently required. Keywords : Shivnak, Sonapatha, Shyonaka, Midnight horror, Oroxylum indicum, Medicinal plant, Endangered tree, Conservation. 7 IPC code; Int. cl. ⎯ A61K 35/78, A01G 23/00 Leaf arrangement on rachis Introduction large (90-180 cm long) and 2-3 pinnate. are numerous, reddish purple outside and Leaflet rachis is very soft and swollen at dull or pale yellow pinkish inside; Deforestation has resulted in a the junction of the branches. Leaflets are arranged in large erect racemes. Fruit is a serious damage to biodiversity and gene in 2-4 pairs, ovate, elliptic or acuminate long woody capsule up to 1m in length, resources1, 2. Naturally grown forests have in shape and glabrous in texture. Flowers containing numerous papery, flat, winged, lost many tree species and Shivnak, light seeds. The fresh root bark is soft and Oroxylum indicum (Linn.) Vent. is juicy and creamish yellow to greyish in one of them. Shivnak grows in India, colour. The taste is sweet initially later Sri Lanka, South China, Celebes, becoming bitter. On drying, the bark Philippines and Malaysia. In India, it was shrinks, adheres closely to the wood and distributed throughout the country up to becomes faintly fissured. an altitude of 1200 m and found mainly in ravine and moist places in the forests4-6. Utilization At present it is found only in gardens. Destructive and non-sustainable collection Every part of this tree possesses methods coupled with low regeneration medicinal value. Dichloromethane extract and habitat destruction have posed serious of the stem bark and root possesses threat to the survival and availability of antimicrobial, antifungal, anti- this highly useful tree3. This is an attempt inflammatory and anticancerous to reestablish the glory of this valuable properties7,8. asset amongst all concerned. Root bark of the plant is an It is a small to medium sized astringent used in diarrhoea, dysentery, deciduous tree measuring up to 12 m in rheumatism and ottorrhoea as it contains height and bearing soft, light brown bark ellagic acid9. Stem bark paste contains with corky lenticels. Leaves of tree are very Oroxylum indicum tree oroxylin A, chrysin, tannic acid, 112 Natural Product Radiance Article some strange reasons reported to have no routine demand. Some herb traders are reported to supply shivnak tree parts to some leading pharmaceutical Inflorescence companies and twigs of the tree scutellarein-7-rutinoside and is applied are traded in India for the cure of scabies10 and to treat at through a way arthritis11. Leaves contain baicalein-7- price of Rs. 9/kg glucuronide12. Leaf decoction is given in (approx. US $ 20 treating stomachache, rheumatism, cent/kg) but its enlarged spleen13. Mature fruits of the tree extract in are useful in treating cough, bronchitis, international Fruits (woody capsule) jaundice, piles, smallpox, dyspepsia, market is believed colic, leucoderma, pharyngodymia, to fetch Rs. cardiac disorder, helminthiasis, 500,000/kg (US $ gastropathy, hemorrhoids and cholera5, 14. Split capsule with 15,000 cent/kg). Seeds of this species are used as purgative. numerous seeds Perhaps botanical They contain a flavone glucuronide- fraternity needs to oroxindin, baicalein-6-glucuronide and know its botany and uses as much as the baicalein-7-glucuronide, baicalein 7-O-β- national/ international demand and export gentiobioside, fixed oil (25%) and crude potential. Looking to the various uses of proteins (7.9 %)10, 16. Dried seed powder the tree in question more concerted efforts is used by women to induce conception are needed not only to identify and collect in ethnic communities14. The plant is used A seed healthy and elite specimens but conserve in many Ayurvedic preparations like, it by modern biotechnological means such s Shyonaka patpak and Bruhat pancha Conclusion as plant tissue culture and also harness mulayadi kwath3, Dashmula and its medicinal and/or chemical principles Chyawanprash17,18. Owing to the indiscriminate for its ready use in pharmaceutical drug Young shoots, unripe fruits and collection, over exploitation and uprooting industries. Research for genetically flowers of this tree are eaten as of whole plants bearing roots this valuable improving the tree species for higher vegetable. The tree is lopped for fodder. tree has become vulnerable in Karnataka production of compounds under in culture Seeds yield non drying oil used in and Andhra Pradesh and endangered in condition is essential22. Large-scale perfumery industry. Wood of the tree is Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and suspension cultures are recommended for used to make match boxes. Stem bark and Chhatisgarh20,21. industrial production of useful plant fruits of the tree are employed as mordant Although described in literature chemicals, viz. pharmaceuticals and food and the stem bark yields a khaki colour as an important medicinal species, this additives in a manner similar to microbial dye4,19. non-wood forest product (NWFP) is for fermentation23. Vol 5(2) March-April 2006 113 Article References 10. Grampurohit ND, Baichwal MR and Jolly CI, 20. Darshan S and Ved DK, A balanced perspective Chemical constituents of the roots of for management of Indian Medicinal Plants, Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent., Indian J Indian For, 2003, 129, 275-288. 1. Nayar MP and Sastry ARK, Red data book of Nat Prod, 1994, 10, 8-12. Indian plants, Botanical Survey of India, 21. Ved DK, Kinhal GA, Ravikumar K, Mohan K, Calcutta, Vol.1, 1987. 11. Laupattarakasem P, Houghton PJ, Hoult JRS Vijayshankar R and Indresha JH, Threat and Itharat A, An evaluation of the activity assessment and management prioritization, 2. Shah SA, 50 years of forest management in related to inflammation of four plants used in FRLHT Bangalore, 2003, pp. 87-88. India, Indian For, 1998, 124(6), Thailand to treat Arthritis, J 381-390. Ethnopharmacol, 2003, 85, 207-215. 22. Croteau, Kutchan R and Lewis NG, Natural products (secondary metabolites) 3. Yasodha R, Ghosh M, Santan B and 12. Subramanium SS and Nair AGR, Flavonoids Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants, Gurumurthi K, Importance of biotechnological of the leaves of Oroxylum indicum and by BB Buchanan, W Gruissem and RL Jones research in tree species of Dashmula, Indian Pajanelia latifolia, Phytochemistry, (Eds.) American Society of Plant Physiologist, For, 2004, 130, 79-88. 1972, 11, 439-440. 2000, pp. 1251-1319. 4. The Wealth of India : A Dictionary of Indian 13. Pal DC and Jain SK, Tribal Medicine, Naya 23. Misawa M, Products of interest to industry, Raw Materials and Industrial Products — Raw Prokash, 206 Bidhan sarani, Calcutta, 1998, Plant tissue culture: an alternative for Materials Series, Publication and Information pp. 197-198. production of useful metabolites, FAO Agric Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi, India, 1966, Services Bulletin No. 108, FAO, Rome 1994. Vol. VII, pp. 107-108. 14. Indian Medicinal Plants, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakal, Orient Longman Ltd., Madras, 1995, 5. Dey AC, Indian medicinal plants used in Vol. 4, pp. 186-190. ayurvedic preparations. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun 1980, 15. Rastogi RP and Mehrotra BN, Compendium pp. 202. of Indian Medicinal Plants, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow and Publications 6. Bennet SSR, Gupta PC and Rao RV, and Information Directorate, New Delhi, Venerated plants, ICFRE, Dehra Dun, 1992, 1995, Vol. 4, pp. 516. pp. 147-149. 16. Rastogi RP and Mehrotra BN, Compendium 7. Ali RM, Houghton PJ and Hoult JRS, of Indian Medicinal Plants, Central Drug Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities Research Institute, Lucknow and Publications of extracts and constituents of Oroxylum and Information Directorate, New Delhi, indicum (L.) Vent., Phytomedicine, 1998, 1993, Vol. 3, pp. 460. 5, 375-381. 17. Vaidya BG, Some controversial drugs of Indian 8. Chen LJ, Games DE and Jones J, Isolation and medicine. IX, J Res Indian Med, 1975, identification of four flavonoid constituents 10 (4), 127. from the seeds of Oroxylum indicum by High-speed counter-current chromatography, 18. Ghate VS, Bruhat panchmula in ethno- J Chromatogr A, 2002, 988, 95-105. medico and Ayurved, J Med Arom Plant Sci, 1999, 21, 1099-1110. 9. Rastogi RP and Mehrotra BN, Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants, Central Drug 19. Jain SP, Singh J and Singh SC, Rare and Research Institute, Lucknow and Publications endangered medicinal and aromatic plants and Information Directorate, New Delhi, of Madhya Pradesh, J Econ Taxon Bot, 1998, Vol. 5, pp. 589. 2003, 27(4), 925-932. 114 Natural Product Radiance.
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