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Pound and Disability City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research City College of New York 2015 Pound and Disability Václav Paris CUNY City College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_pubs/813 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] 84 Paideuma 4-242 -.— . A Draft ofofXVI. XVI. Cantos of Ezra Pound, for the beginning of a poem of some length, now first made into a book with initials by Henry Strater. Paris: Three Moun­Moun­ tains, 1925.rg25. -.— . A Draft of XXX Cantos. Paris: Hours, 1930. -.— . Ezra Pound Speaking. Ed. Leonard W. Doob. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1978. Print. -.— . Guide to Kulchur. Norfolk, CT: New Directions, 1952.rg52. Print. -.— . Literary Essays of Ezra Pound. Ed. T. S. Eliot. New York: New Directions, 1968.rg68. VACLAV PARIS Print. -.— . A Lume Spento and Other Early Poems. New York: New Directions, 1965. Print. I POUND AND DISABILITY -.— . "Paris“Paris Letter. October, 1922."1922.” Dial 73.5 (November 1922):rg22): 549-54. Print. -.— . Poems and Translations. Ed. Richard Sieburth. New York: Library of America, 2003. Print. -.— . "The“The Revolt of Intelligence, I."I.” New Age 26.2 (13 November 1919): 21-22. Print. Pound and disability may sound like an odd combination. Ezra -.— . The Selected Letters of Ezra Pound: 1907-1941.igoy-ig^i. Ed. D.D. Paige. New York: New Pound has rarely, if ever, been read through the lens of.of-disability disability Directions, 1950. Print. studies; and disability studies has rarely confessed a need for the -. Selected Prose:1909--1965. Ed. William Cookson. New York: New Directions, —. Selected Prose: igog-ig6^. Ed. William Cookson. New York: New Directions, insights of Ezra Pound. There are good reasons for this. Until he was 1973. Print. -.— . The Spirit of Romance. With an introduction by Richard Sieburth. New York: near the end of his life, Pound was notnot-by—by most accountsaccounts-dis­—dis­ New Directions, 2005. abled; and he never wrote about disability in more than a cursory Rainey, Lawrence S. Ezra Pound and the Monument of Culture: Text, History, and manner. To talk about Pound and disability therefore sounds forced: the Malatesta Cantos. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1991. Print. like a procrustean cobbling of one discipline onto another. At best, it -.— . Institutions of Modernism: Literary Elites and Public Culture. New Haven, CT: risks misprision in both fields. At worst, such an investigation is offenoffen­­ Yale UP, 1999. Print. sive, open to accusations of historical whitewashing. For, bluntly put, Ricciardi, Caterina. "Archives."“Archives." Nadel, Carey, and Gibney 148-58. Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, ed. and trans. Dante and his circle, with the Italian poets disability studies aims, through theory, to improve the quality of life preceding him (1100-1200-1300):(iioch-izoo-i^oo): A collection of lyrics. Revised edition. Boston: of impaired people. Ezra Pound, through his never-fully recanted Roberts Brothers, 1887. Print. support of fascism and its eugenic policies, indirectly aimed to do the Ruskin, John. The Works of John Ruskin. Ed. E. T. Cook and Alexander Wedder­Wedder- opposite. burn. 39 vols. London: George Allen, 1903-12. Print. Pound and disability: the two keywords of my title are not happy Scappettone, Jennifer. Killing the Moonlight: Modernism in Venice. New York: bedfellows. WhyWhy. then insist on their conjunction? My answer is that Columbia UP, 2014. Print. Sherry, Vincent. Ezra Pound, Wyndham Lewis, and Radical Modernism. Oxford and neither Pound studies, on its own, nor a Pound-free disability studies New York: Oxford UP, 1993. 143-62. can offer a history of AmericanAmeriqm twentieth-century poetry that is both Tafuri, Manfredo. History of Italian Architecture, 1944-1985.ig/^^-igS^. Trans. Jessica Levine. sensitive to changes in a literary tradition anrlam:l changes in attitudes Cambridge, MA: MIT P, 1989. Print. towards disability. On the one hand, studies of the Pound tradition Tiffany, Daniel. Radio Corpse: Imagism and the Cryptaesthetic of Ezra Pound. Cam­Cam­ (such as Christopher BeachBeach's’s ABC ofoflnfl.uence) Influence) privilege a particuparticu­­ bridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1995. Print. lar camp of poets whose inheritance from Pound was largely a musmus­­ Zorzi, Rosella Mameli. "II“II filo d'd’ oro nella trama: la Venezia di Ezra Pound."Pound.” Quaderni:Quademi: Documenti sulla mantenuzione urbana di Venezia 18 (April 2004): cular, formalist version of modernism. On the other hand, fo-68.61-68. Print. collections of disability poetry (such as Sheila Black, Jennifer Bartlett, and Michael NorthenNorthen's’s Beauty Is a Verb) privilege readings of individual poems in relation to their content, their poetspoets'’ lives, and their systemic background. In this way, the two disciplines represent 85 86 Paideuma 42 Vaclav Paris / IPound andand DisabilityDisability 87 largely discretediscrete views ofof thethe history of modern poetry.poetry. InIn this this essay, essay, I I and Adams 246).'246).1 Pound waswas presented asas disableddisabled to to the the extent extent that that will try to formulateformulate aa zone zone in in which which they they overlap. overlap. I hope I hope to show to show his mentalmental condition, condition, in inthe the words Words of hisof lawyerhis lawyer Julien Julien Cornell Cornell to to that, despitedespite thethe objectionsobjections I Ihave have raised raised in inthe the first first paragraph, paragraph, a lit­ a lit­ Dorothy Pound,Pound, "impair[ed “impairjed his] his] judgment judgment of his of predicamenthis predicament and and tle-understood symbiosissymbiosis bindsbinds EzraEzra Pound Pound to to the the concept concept of ofdisabil­ disabil­ render[ed]render[ ed] himhim unable unable to toproperly properly defend defend himself' himself ( qtd.’ (qtd. in Tytell in Tytell ity. This symbiosis is worth surveying notnot onlyonly because because it it helps helps us us to to 286). Although itit hashas been been challenged challenged multiple multiple times, this diagnosis reread Pound'sPound’s life, life, work, work, and and influence influence more more accurately, accurately, but alsobut also was nevernever officiallyofficially reversed. reversed.2 Pound waswas releasedreleased from from St. St. ElizaEliza­­ because itit givesgives usus anan insight insight into into a anumber number of ofproblematics problematics central central beths hospital onon 18 April 1958, and his 1945 indictment was was dropped,dropped, to disability studies,studies, forfor instanceinstance the the issue issue of ofdis-citizenship dis-citizenship and and the the but onlyonly onon the the understanding understanding that that he washe was permanently permanently and and incurirycur­­ relations amongamong eugenics,eugenics, disability, disability, aesthetics, aesthetics, and and politics. politics. ably insane (Lewis).(Lewis). WithinWithin a aU.S. U.S. based based medical medical model, model, therefore.th<trefore, In suggestingsuggesting anan interzone interzone between between Pound Pound and anddisability, disability, I will I will Pound was,was, technicallytechnically speaking, speaking, from from February February 1946 to hishis death,death, begin, inin thethe first first part part of of the the essay, essay, by by considering considering Pound's Pound own’s own atti­ atti­ disabled. tudes towardstowards disability,disability, theirtheir rationale,rationale, and and the the ways ways in in which which these these The secondsecond approach approach to definingto defining disability disability can becan seen be inseen the in the changed overover thethe coursecourse of of his his career. career. In In the the second second part, part, I willI will focus focus social model ofof disabilitydisability which emergedemerged as as a a reaction reaction to to the the medical medical on thethe shift shift that that these these attitudes attitudes seem seem to undergo to undergo within within the the Pisan model. WhereWhere the the medical medical model model implies implies a normative,a normative, machine-like machine-like Cantos, from Pound'sPound’s eugeniceugenic abjection abjection of of disability disability to to a amore more com­ com­ body, the socialsocial modelmodel attempts attempts to to take take into into account account individual individual dif­ dif­ plex identification with with it. it. I Iwill will then then think think about about the the importance importance of of ferences, identifyingidentifying alsoalso environmentalenvironmental factors factors in in the the production production of of this shiftshift within within the the twin twin histories histories of American of American twentieth-century twentieth-century disability. While impairment remains intrinsicintrinsic in in the the social social model, model, poetry and thethe historyhistory of of attitudes attitudes towards towards disability. disability. Building Building on on the the disablement is producedproduced onceonce impaired impaired people people are are placed placed within within cir­ cir­ excellent workwork of Michael DavidsonDavidson and and Susan Susan Schweik, Schweik, I Iwill will argue argue cumstances wherewhere those those impairments impairments prevent prevent them them from from achieving achieving that disabilitydisability plays plays an an important important role role in changes in changes in postmodern
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