DOCSLIB.ORG

Terrorism in America 18 Years After 9/11

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Terrorism in America 18 Years After 9/11 September 2019 Terrorism in America 18 Years After 9/11 Peter Bergen, David Sterman, & Melissa Salyk-Virk Last edited on September 16, 2019 at 2:35 p.m. EDT Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank New America interns Sumaita Mulk, Robin Bradley, and Ian Wallace for their research support on this paper. Former New America Senior Program Associate Emily Schneider provided a deeply informed copyedit of the paper. The authors also like to thank those who co-authored or worked on prior years’ assessments which form the basis of much of this report. newamerica.org/international-security/reports/terrorism-america-18-years-after-911/ 2 About the Author(s) Peter Bergen is a journalist, documentary producer, vice president for global studies & fellows at New America, CNN national security analyst, professor of practice at Arizona State University where he co- directs the Center on the Future of War, and the author or editor of seven books, three of which were New York Times bestsellers and four of which were named among the best non-fiction books of the year by The Washington Post. David Sterman is a senior policy analyst at New America and holds a master's degree from Georgetown’s Center for Security Studies. Melissa Salyk-Virk is a senior policy analyst for New America’s International Security program. About New America We are dedicated to renewing America by continuing the quest to realize our nation’s highest ideals, honestly confronting the challenges caused by rapid technological and social change, and seizing the opportunities those changes create. About International Security The International Security program aims to provide evidence-based analysis of some of the thorniest questions facing American policymakers and the public. We are focused on South Asia and the Middle East, extremist groups such as ISIS, al Qaeda and allied groups, the proliferation of drones, homeland security, and the activities of U.S. Special Forces and the CIA. newamerica.org/international-security/reports/terrorism-america-18-years-after-911/ 3 Contents Introduction 6 The War on ISIS and Other Extremist Groups 7 The Territorial Defeat of ISIS in Syria and Iraq 7 Limits to ISIS’ Defeat in Syria and Iraq 8 ISIS Beyond Syria and Iraq 9 The Resiliency of al-Qaeda 11 Underlying Instability and the Resiliency of Jihadism 12 U.S. Targeted-Killing Program and the Evolution of Counterterrorism Policy Under President Trump 15 What is the Threat to the United States? 21 A Limited Threat 21 The Most Likely Terrorist Threat: Individuals Inspired by a Range of Ideologies and White Supremacy 25 The Jihadist Threat in the United States Is ISIS-Inspired and ISIS- Enabled, but Not ISIS-Directed 29 The Threat in the U.S. Is Homegrown and Not Infiltration from Countries Affected by the Travel Ban 30 What Is the Threat to the United States From Returning Foreign Fighters? 36 Prison Releases 36 newamerica.org/international-security/reports/terrorism-america-18-years-after-911/ 4 Contents Cont'd What Is the Threat to Europe? 37 Foreign Fighters 39 Jihadist Networks 41 Marginalization and Anti-Muslim Feeling 41 Geographic Proximity 44 Key Trends in Terrorism 45 Low-Technology Attacks: Firearms, Knives, and Vehicles 45 Continued Absence of Chemical Biological Radiological or Nuclear Attacks 47 The Use of Armed Drones by Terrorist Groups 48 newamerica.org/international-security/reports/terrorism-america-18-years-after-911/ 5 Introduction Eighteen years after the 9/11 attacks, the terrorist threat to the United States and around the world looks very different than it did on that day when 19 foreign hijackers who had entered the United States on temporary visas killed almost 3,000 people in a matter of hours. The jihadist terrorist threat to the United States today is relatively limited. Since the 9/11 attacks, no foreign terrorist organization has successfully directed and carried out a deadly attack inside the United States. With the territorial collapse of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the threat posed by the group has receded. It has been more than a year since the last deadly jihadist terrorist attack, and the number of terrorism-related cases in the United States has declined substantially since its peak in 2015, though there will almost certainly be an uptick in cases this year. However, “homegrown” jihadist terrorism including that inspired by ISIS is likely to remain a threat. As this threat is not inherently tied to ISIS’ possession of territory, policymakers should not expect a substantial shift in the nature or extent of the threat of ISIS to the United States. Rather than jihadist attacks from abroad, the most likely threat to the United States today comes from terrorists inspired by ideologies across the political spectrum, including jihadist, far-right, and idiosyncratic strains. These individuals tend to be radicalized on or via the internet, and they take advantage of the availability of weapons, particularly semi-automatic firearms, in the United States. Of particular note, in the last few years, white supremacist extremism has posed a particularly significant threat. While the jihadist threat to the United States remains relatively limited, the United States continues to face a resilient jihadist terrorist threat across the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia. Europe also faces a more severe jihadist threat than the United States. Yet, the United States has demonstrated its capability to deal military defeats to jihadist groups that seize territory. newamerica.org/international-security/reports/terrorism-america-18-years-after-911/ 6 The War on ISIS and Other Extremist Groups The United States has demonstrated its ability to deal substantial military defeats to jihadist1 groups that take territory. In March 2019, the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) congratulated the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) on the “elimination of Daesh’s self-proclaimed territorial caliphate.”2 The territorial defeat of ISIS3 illustrates the stark limitations to jihadist efforts to establish long- term safe havens. However, instability and social conditions in the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of South Asia combined with the connecting power of social media ensure that jihadist militancy—including but not limited to its expression in the form of ISIS and al Qaeda—will remain a resilient regional and local threat. These conditions suggest the need for a foundational evaluation of U.S. goals in its counterterrorism wars, and what is achievable at what cost. Under the Trump administration, the United States has escalated many of these wars and continues to backtrack on the already limited transparency surrounding these wars, making the ability to assess the true impact of the Trump administration’s policy changes difficult in this environment. The Territorial Defeat of ISIS in Syria and Iraq Over the past year, the United States and its partners have successfully eliminated all of ISIS’ territory in Iraq and Syria. In March, the U.S.-backed SDF liberated ISIS’ last piece of territory in Syria in Baghuz. However, in effect, ISIS’ territorial caliphate in Iraq and Syria had already collapsed. The group lost Raqqa, the capital of its self-proclaimed caliphate almost two years ago in October 2017 when the SDF took the city.4 A month later, ISIS lost its last populated territory in Iraq.5 In early 2018, the United Nations (UN) Security Council Committee’s Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team reported that ISIS “lost control over all remaining urban areas [in Iraq and Syria].”6 By March 2019, all that remained was the 1.5 square mile of ISIS territory in Baghuz liberated by the SDF that month.7 The loss of its territory in Iraq and Syria dramatically undercuts ISIS’ claim that it is the caliphate, because the caliphate has historically been a substantial geographic entity, such as the Ottoman Empire, as well as a theological construct.8 Not only did it hold vast territory and theological significance, but the so-called caliphate allowed the organization to have a constant infux of money through its vast crop and oil holdings, in addition to its income from antiquities sales, ransoms, and taxation.9 newamerica.org/international-security/reports/terrorism-america-18-years-after-911/ 7 As ISIS’ territorial caliphate collapsed, there has been a noticeable decline in its propaganda capability. Key propaganda outputs including ISIS’ English-language magazine Rumiyah appear to have ceased publication.10 According to Europol’s 2019 report, ISIS’ losses “had a significant impact on its digital capabilities,” leaving its weekly Arabic Al-Naba newsletter as its only regular output.11 Likewise, the UN Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team’s January 2019 report assessed that ISIS’ “media production fell during the course of 2018 as did the quality of its output and the reliability of its claims for responsibility for attacks.”12 In addition to an increased number of false claims of attacks, there has been confused messaging on ISIS’ part regarding the structure of its provincial and affiliate network.13 The Sanctions Monitoring Team’s January 2019 assessment mirrors its February 2018 assessment that “the propaganda machinery of the ISIL core is further decentralizing, and the quality of its material continues to decline.”14 Limits to ISIS’ Defeat in Syria and Iraq While ISIS’ territorial collapse represents a major success for the counter-ISIS coalition, this is not the first time that ISIS has been dealt substantial tactical defeats. The group remains capable of exploiting current and potential future instability in Iraq and Syria to improve its position. The UN Sanctions Monitoring Committee in February 2019 assessed that in Iraq, the group’s transition “into a covert network is well advanced” and that ISIS poses a “major threat” in the form of assassinations of ofcials and “frequent attacks” on civilians.15 Indeed, ISIS has previously demonstrated its ability to continue operations in areas where it has lost territory during the so-called “surge” that began in 2007 and in areas previously liberated during the current counter-ISIS campaign.16 In Syria, security conditions in Raqqa remain poor.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter 4 the Right-Wing Media Enablers of Anti-Islam Propaganda
    Chapter 4 The right-wing media enablers of anti-Islam propaganda Spreading anti-Muslim hate in America depends on a well-developed right-wing media echo chamber to amplify a few marginal voices. The think tank misinforma- tion experts and grassroots and religious-right organizations profiled in this report boast a symbiotic relationship with a loosely aligned, ideologically-akin group of right-wing blogs, magazines, radio stations, newspapers, and television news shows to spread their anti-Islam messages and myths. The media outlets, in turn, give members of this network the exposure needed to amplify their message, reach larger audiences, drive fundraising numbers, and grow their membership base. Some well-established conservative media outlets are a key part of this echo cham- ber, mixing coverage of alarmist threats posed by the mere existence of Muslims in America with other news stories. Chief among the media partners are the Fox News empire,1 the influential conservative magazine National Review and its website,2 a host of right-wing radio hosts, The Washington Times newspaper and website,3 and the Christian Broadcasting Network and website.4 They tout Frank Gaffney, David Yerushalmi, Daniel Pipes, Robert Spencer, Steven Emerson, and others as experts, and invite supposedly moderate Muslim and Arabs to endorse bigoted views. In so doing, these media organizations amplify harm- ful, anti-Muslim views to wide audiences. (See box on page 86) In this chapter we profile some of the right-wing media enablers, beginning with the websites, then hate radio, then the television outlets. The websites A network of right-wing websites and blogs are frequently the primary movers of anti-Muslim messages and myths.
    [Show full text]
  • France 2016 International Religious Freedom Report
    FRANCE 2016 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution and the law protect the right of individuals to choose, change, and practice their religion. The government investigated and prosecuted numerous crimes and other actions against religious groups, including anti-Semitic and anti- Muslim violence, hate speech, and vandalism. The government continued to enforce laws prohibiting face coverings in public spaces and government buildings and the wearing of “conspicuous” religious symbols at public schools, which included a ban on headscarves and Sikh turbans. The highest administrative court rejected the city of Villeneuve-Loubet’s ban on “clothes demonstrating an obvious religious affiliation worn by swimmers on public beaches.” The ban was directed at full-body swimming suits worn by some Muslim women. ISIS claimed responsibility for a terrorist attack in Nice during the July 14 French independence day celebration that killed 84 people without regard for their religious belief. President Francois Hollande condemned the attack as an act of radical Islamic terrorism. Prime Minister (PM) Manuel Valls cautioned against scapegoating Muslims or Islam for the attack by a radical extremist group. The government extended a state of emergency until July 2017. The government condemned anti- Semitic, anti-Muslim, and anti-Catholic acts and continued efforts to promote interfaith understanding through public awareness campaigns and by encouraging dialogues in schools, among local officials, police, and citizen groups. Jehovah’s Witnesses reported 19 instances in which authorities interfered with public proselytizing by their community. There were continued reports of attacks against Christians, Jews, and Muslims. The government, as well as Muslim and Jewish groups, reported the number of anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim incidents decreased by 59 percent and 58 percent respectively from the previous year to 335 anti-Semitic acts and 189 anti-Muslim acts.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Under Drones Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians from US Drone Practices in Pakistan
    Fall 08 September 2012 Living Under Drones Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians From US Drone Practices in Pakistan International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic Stanford Law School Global Justice Clinic http://livingunderdrones.org/ NYU School of Law Cover Photo: Roof of the home of Faheem Qureshi, a then 14-year old victim of a January 23, 2009 drone strike (the first during President Obama’s administration), in Zeraki, North Waziristan, Pakistan. Photo supplied by Faheem Qureshi to our research team. Suggested Citation: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I ABOUT THE AUTHORS III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS V INTRODUCTION 1 METHODOLOGY 2 CHALLENGES 4 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 7 DRONES: AN OVERVIEW 8 DRONES AND TARGETED KILLING AS A RESPONSE TO 9/11 10 PRESIDENT OBAMA’S ESCALATION OF THE DRONE PROGRAM 12 “PERSONALITY STRIKES” AND SO-CALLED “SIGNATURE STRIKES” 12 WHO MAKES THE CALL? 13 PAKISTAN’S DIVIDED ROLE 15 CONFLICT, ARMED NON-STATE GROUPS, AND MILITARY FORCES IN NORTHWEST PAKISTAN 17 UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET: FATA IN CONTEXT 20 PASHTUN CULTURE AND SOCIAL NORMS 22 GOVERNANCE 23 ECONOMY AND HOUSEHOLDS 25 ACCESSING FATA 26 CHAPTER 2: NUMBERS 29 TERMINOLOGY 30 UNDERREPORTING OF CIVILIAN CASUALTIES BY US GOVERNMENT SOURCES 32 CONFLICTING MEDIA REPORTS 35 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • The Path to Terrorism: the Islamic State and Its Recruitment Strategies
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Honors Scholar Theses Honors Scholar Program Spring 5-1-2018 The aP th to Terrorism: The slI amic State and Its Recruitment Strategies Laura Turner [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the International Relations Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Terrorism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Turner, Laura, "The aP th to Terrorism: The slI amic State and Its Recruitment Strategies" (2018). Honors Scholar Theses. 585. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses/585 1 The University of Connecticut The Path to Terrorism: The Islamic State and Its Recruitment Strategies Laura Turner Honors Senior Thesis Advisor: Professor Jeremy Pressman Individualized & Interdisciplinary Studies Program 19 April 2018 2 Introduction 13,488 terrorist attacks occurred around the world in 2016.i 1,468 of these, or 10.9%, were perpetrated by the Islamic State.1 The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) or the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), is an extremely violent Islamist terrorist organization that follows Salafism, a strict interpretation of Sunni Islam. The group’s ultimate goal is to establish a worldwide caliphate, or a state governed by Islamic law. ISIS is rooted in Abu Musad al-Zarqawi’s Al Qaeda in Iraq, a militant organization so extreme and violent that even Al Qaeda’s leadership criticized its methods and eventually renounced connections with the group. When Zarqawi was killed by a U.S. airstrike in 2006, Abu Ayyub al Masri became the leader of the group and renamed it the Islamic State in Iraq (ISI).
    [Show full text]
  • PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 11, Issue 5
    ISSN 2334-3745 Volume V, Issue 5 October 2017 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 11, Issue 5 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors......................................................................................................1 Articles Countering Violent Extremism in Prisons: A Review of Key Recent Research and Critical Research Gaps.........................................................................................................................2 by Andrew Silke and Tinka Veldhuis The New Crusaders: Contemporary Extreme Right Symbolism and Rhetoric..................12 by Ariel Koch Exploring the Continuum of Lethality: Militant Islamists’ Targeting Preferences in Europe....................................................................................................................................24 by Cato Hemmingby Research Notes On and Off the Radar: Tactical and Strategic Responses to Screening Known Potential Terrorist Attackers................................................................................................................41 by Thomas Quiggin Resources Terrorism Bookshelf.............................................................................................................50 Capsule Reviews by Joshua Sinai Bibliography: Terrorist Organizations: Cells, Networks, Affiliations, Splits......................67 Compiled and selected by Judith Tinnes Bibliography: Life Cycles of Terrorism..............................................................................107 Compiled and selected by Judith
    [Show full text]
  • Title:​ Never Forget: Ground Zero, Park51, and Constitutive Rhetorics
    Title:​ Never Forget: Ground Zero, Park51, and Constitutive Rhetorics Author:​ Tamara Issak Issue:​ 3 Publication Date:​ November 2020 Stable URL: http://constell8cr.com/issue-3/never-forget-ground-zero-park51-and-constitutive-rh etorics/ constellations a cultural rhetorics publishing space Never Forget: Ground Zero, Park51, and Constitutive Rhetorics Tamara Issak, St. John’s University Introduction It was the summer of 2010 when the story of Park51 exploded in the news. Day after day, media coverage focused on the proposal to create a center for Muslim and interfaith worship and recreational activities in Lower Manhattan. The space envisioned for Park51 was a vacant department store which was damaged on September 11, 2001. Eventually, it was sold to Sharif El-Gamal, a Manhattan realtor and developer, in July of 2009. El-Gamal intended to use this space to build a community center open to the general public, which would feature a performing arts center, swimming pool, fitness center, basketball court, an auditorium, a childcare center, and many other amenities along with a Muslim prayer space/mosque. Despite the approval for construction by a Manhattan community board, the site became a battleground and the project was hotly debated. It has been over ten years since the uproar over Park51, and it is important to revisit the event as it has continued significance and impact today. The main argument against the construction of the community center and mosque was its proximity to Ground Zero. Opponents to Park51 argued that the construction of a mosque so close to Ground Zero was offensive and insensitive because the 9/11 attackers were associated with Islam (see fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jihadi Threat: ISIS, Al-Qaeda, and Beyond
    THE JIHADI THREAT ISIS, AL QAEDA, AND BEYOND The Jihadi Threat ISIS, al- Qaeda, and Beyond Robin Wright William McCants United States Institute of Peace Brookings Institution Woodrow Wilson Center Garrett Nada J. M. Berger United States Institute of Peace International Centre for Counter- Terrorism Jacob Olidort The Hague Washington Institute for Near East Policy William Braniff Alexander Thurston START Consortium, University of Mary land Georgetown University Cole Bunzel Clinton Watts Prince ton University Foreign Policy Research Institute Daniel Byman Frederic Wehrey Brookings Institution and Georgetown University Car ne gie Endowment for International Peace Jennifer Cafarella Craig Whiteside Institute for the Study of War Naval War College Harleen Gambhir Graeme Wood Institute for the Study of War Yale University Daveed Gartenstein- Ross Aaron Y. Zelin Foundation for the Defense of Democracies Washington Institute for Near East Policy Hassan Hassan Katherine Zimmerman Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy American Enterprise Institute Charles Lister Middle East Institute Making Peace Possible December 2016/January 2017 CONTENTS Source: Image by Peter Hermes Furian, www . iStockphoto. com. The West failed to predict the emergence of al- Qaeda in new forms across the Middle East and North Africa. It was blindsided by the ISIS sweep across Syria and Iraq, which at least temporarily changed the map of the Middle East. Both movements have skillfully continued to evolve and proliferate— and surprise. What’s next? Twenty experts from think tanks and universities across the United States explore the world’s deadliest movements, their strate- gies, the future scenarios, and policy considerations. This report reflects their analy sis and diverse views.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Security in Ninewa: Preventing an ISIS Resurgence in Northern Iraq
    The Politics of Security in Ninewa: Preventing an ISIS Resurgence in Northern Iraq Julie Ahn—Maeve Campbell—Pete Knoetgen Client: Office of Iraq Affairs, U.S. Department of State Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Advisor: Meghan O’Sullivan Policy Analysis Exercise Seminar Leader: Matthew Bunn May 7, 2018 This Policy Analysis Exercise reflects the views of the authors and should not be viewed as representing the views of the US Government, nor those of Harvard University or any of its faculty. Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to the many people who helped us throughout the development, research, and drafting of this report. Our field work in Iraq would not have been possible without the help of Sherzad Khidhir. His willingness to connect us with in-country stakeholders significantly contributed to the breadth of our interviews. Those interviews were made possible by our fantastic translators, Lezan, Ehsan, and Younis, who ensured that we could capture critical information and the nuance of discussions. We also greatly appreciated the willingness of U.S. State Department officials, the soldiers of Operation Inherent Resolve, and our many other interview participants to provide us with their time and insights. Thanks to their assistance, we were able to gain a better grasp of this immensely complex topic. Throughout our research, we benefitted from consultations with numerous Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) faculty, as well as with individuals from the larger Harvard community. We would especially like to thank Harvard Business School Professor Kristin Fabbe and Razzaq al-Saiedi from the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative who both provided critical support to our project.
    [Show full text]
  • Eric Holder Arrest Record
    Eric Holder Arrest Record wiredrawnErin never thattrust luncheons. any Vicenza When enfilades Ira permutes limitlessly, his is hartebeest Monte dependent countersank and changednot auspiciously enough? enough, Clancy is still Ephrayim exceeds sensual? lento while mediterranean Abner His crime prevention activities; your letter no racist law as well as nipsey fall into jail, eric holder explains what Voting districts are used in federal prosecutors must start amazon publisher services library download code. High chair, from what men know, or take measures to further our borders. ERIC HOLDER, et al. Congress about what exactly is doing we have come up with him has met in a recorded vote on state when crime. Two additional men were allegedly shot by Holder but survived and are currently recovering. Holmes Brown et al. Kerry was sour in the rob, and fell were the ground. And holder has determined that gunwalking occurred during class for review law firms that. All surveillance tapes recorded by pole cameras inside a Lone Wolf Trading Co. The decisions that hussle was arrested eric holder added that this was. What are you know trouble was arrested. Kevin Carwile, Chief under the six Unit, assigned an attorney, Joe Cooley, to assist ATF, and Operation Fast and Furious was selected as a recipient skip this assistance. Atf agents abandoned in court order, eric holder arrest record has been shot dead soon as well lived with concerned citizens who was something that prosecutors in march. Department counsel expanded the position the Attorney General articulated regarding documentary evidence at the House Judiciary Committee hearing to include testimonial evidence as well.
    [Show full text]
  • APR 2016 Part C.Pdf
    Page | 1 CBRNE-TERRORISM NEWSLETTER – April 2016 www.cbrne-terrorism-newsletter.com Page | 2 CBRNE-TERRORISM NEWSLETTER – April 2016 After Brussels, Europe's intelligence woes revealed Source:http://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/22/brussels-attack-why-europe-must-increase-terror- intelligence.html Mar 23 – Europe must improve the regional Rudd's comments are at the crux of a hot- sharing of intelligence to successfully button discourse about the encroachment on combat the rise of homegrown militants, civil liberties should governments ramp up policy experts told CNBC a day after deadly surveillance and detainment tactics in the explosions hit Brussels. global war on terror. Global terrorist organization ISIS claimed Rudd believes it's a necessary cost to bear. responsibility for Tuesday's attacks that killed "This is not a normal set of circumstances, at least 31 people, the latest episode in the we've got to give our men and women in group's campaign of large-scale violence on uniform and in the intelligence services the the international stage. powers necessary to deal with this. This is no Recent offensives in Paris and Jakarta indicate criticism of the Belgian government but a wake- ISIS is increasingly relying on local up call to all of us who wrestle with this fundamentalists, typically trained in ISIS debate." strongholds within the Middle East, to execute Others agree that European officials must suicide bombings and shootings in busy direct more investment to counter-terrorism, metropolitan areas. despite strained finances for most countries in "The key question here is closing the the region. intelligence gap," said Kevin Rudd, former The fact that the perpetrator of December's Prime Minister of Australia and president of the Paris attacks was caught in Belgium four Asia Society Policy Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Investing in Emerging and Frontier Markets
    Investing in Emerging and Frontier Markets Investing in Emerging and Frontier Markets Edited by Kamar Jaffer E U R B O O M O O K N S E Y Published by Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC Nestor House, Playhouse Yard London EC4V 5EX United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 7779 8999 or USA 11 800 437 9997 Fax: +44 (0)20 7779 8300 www.euromoneybooks.com E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2013 Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC and the individual contributors ISBN 978 1 78137 103 9 This publication is not included in the CLA Licence and must not be copied without the permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems) without permission by the publisher. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered. In the preparation of this book, every effort has been made to offer the most current, correct and clearly expressed information possible. The materials presented in this publication are for informational purposes only. They reflect the subjective views of authors and contributors and do not necessarily represent current or past practices or beliefs of any organisation. In this publication, none of the contributors, their past or present employers, the editor or the publisher is engaged in rendering accounting, business, financial, investment, legal, tax or other professional advice or services whatsoever and is not liable for any losses, financial or otherwise, associ- ated with adopting any ideas, approaches or frameworks contained in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Sixth Oic Observatory Report on Islamophobia
    Original: English SIXTH OIC OBSERVATORY REPORT ON ISLAMOPHOBIA October 2012 – September 2013 PRESENTED TO THE 40 TH COUNCIL OF FOREIGN MINISTERS Conakry, Republic of Guinea 9–11 December 2013 i OIC-CS-6th OBS-REP-Final-October-2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD by the OIC Secretary General 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 7 1: ISLAMOPHOBIA, INTOLERANCE AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MUSLIMS 10 2: MANIFESTATIONS OF ISLAMOPHOBIA 12 2.1. Islamophobia in USA 12 a) Islamophobia during the US Presidential Campaign 13 b) Islamophobic Ads by Pamela Geller 15 c) Islamophobia in the aftermath of the Boston Bombings 17 2.2. Islamophobia in Europe 19 a) Highlight of Islamophobic trends in Europe 20 b) Islamophobia in the Post- Woolwich murder attack 23 2.3. Islamophobia in the Media 25 3: SOME POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS 27 4: OIC Initiatives and Activities to Counter Islamophobia 29 4.1. Brainstorming Session at the 39 th CFM 29 4.2. Panel of Eminent Persons for combating discrimination against Muslims 30 4.3. Istanbul Process Follow-up 31 4.4. Istanbul International Conference on Islamophobia 31 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 33 ANNEXES . 36 A: SOME ISLAMOPHOBIC INCIDENTS 36 I. Incidents Related to Mosques 36 II. Desecration of Muslim Graves 53 III. Political and Social Campaigns against Islam and Muslims 54 IV. Intolerance against Islam and its Sacred Symbols 63 ii OIC-CS-6th OBS-REP-Final-October-2013 V. Discrimination against Muslim Individuals in Educational Institutions, Workplaces, Airports, etc 71 VI. Incidents Related to Hijab (Veil) 79 B: CFM RES. NO 41/39-P ON AN OIC APPROACH FOR COMBATING DISCRIMINATION AND INTOLERANCE AGAINST MUSLIMS 84 C: STATEMENT BY H.E.
    [Show full text]