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Effect of Parity on Fatty Acids of Saudi Camels Milk and Colostrum
International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences Volume 4, Issue 6, ISSN (Online): 2348 – 3997 Effect of Parity on Fatty Acids of Saudi Camels Milk and Colostrum Magdy Abdelsalam1,2*, Mohamed Ali1 and Khalid Al-Sobayil1 1Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Al-Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia. 2Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Alexandria 21545, Egypt. Date of publication (dd/mm/yyyy): 29/11/2017 Abstract – Fourteen Saudi she-camels were machine milked locations and different feeding regimes, but there is a scare twice daily and fatty acids of colostrum (1-7 days post partum) on the effect of parity of lactating camels on the fatty acids. and milk (10-150 days post partum) were analyzed. Short Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to study the chain fatty acids were found in small percentage in colostrums changes in the fatty acids profile of colostrums and milk of and milk at different parities without insignificant differences she-camel during the first three parities. and the C4:0 and C6:0 don't appear in the analysis. Colostrums has higher unsaturated fatty acids percentage than that of saturated fatty acids while the opposite was found II. MATERIALS AND METHODS in milk of camels. Myiristic acid (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) showed the highest A. Animals and Management percentage in either colostrums or milk of she-camels. Parity The present study was carried out on fourteen Saudi she had significant effect on atherogenicity index (AI) which is camels raised at the experimental Farm, College of considered an important factor associated the healthy quality of camel milk. -
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,375.433 B2 Dilly Et Al
US009375433B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,375.433 B2 Dilly et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Jun. 28, 2016 (54) MODULATORS OF ANDROGENSYNTHESIS (52) U.S. Cl. CPC ............. A6 IK3I/519 (2013.01); A61 K3I/201 (71) Applicant: Tangent Reprofiling Limited, London (2013.01); A61 K3I/202 (2013.01); A61 K (GB) 31/454 (2013.01); A61K 45/06 (2013.01) (72) Inventors: Suzanne Dilly, Oxfordshire (GB); (58) Field of Classification Search Gregory Stoloff, London (GB); Paul USPC .................................. 514/258,378,379, 560 Taylor, London (GB) See application file for complete search history. (73) Assignee: Tangent Reprofiling Limited, London (56) References Cited (GB) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,364,866 A * 1 1/1994 Strupczewski.......... CO7C 45/45 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 514,254.04 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 5,494.908 A * 2/1996 O’Malley ............. CO7D 261/20 514,228.2 This patent is Subject to a terminal dis 5,776,963 A * 7/1998 Strupczewski.......... CO7C 45/45 claimer. 514,217 6,977.271 B1* 12/2005 Ip ........................... A61K 31, 20 (21) Appl. No.: 14/708,052 514,560 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) Filed: May 8, 2015 Calabresi and Chabner (Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological (65) Prior Publication Data Basis of Therapeutics, 10th ed., 2001).* US 2015/O238491 A1 Aug. 27, 2015 (Cecil's Textbook of Medicine pp. 1060-1074 published 2000).* Stedman's Medical Dictionary (21st Edition, Published 2000).* Okamoto et al (Journal of Pain and Symptom Management vol. -
WO 2017/074902 Al 4 May 20 17 (04.05.2017) W P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/074902 Al 4 May 20 17 (04.05.2017) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, A61K 8/37 (2006.01) A61Q 19/00 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, A61K 31/215 (2006.01) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (21) International Application Number: KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, PCT/US2016/058591 MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (22) International Filing Date: OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, 25 October 2016 (25.10.201 6) SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, (25) Filing Language: English ZW. (26) Publication Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 62/247,803 29 October 20 15 (29. 10.20 15) US GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, (71) Applicant: GLAXOSMITHKLINE CONSUMER TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, HEALTHCARE HOLDINGS (US) LLC [US/US]; 271 1 DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, DE 19808 (US). -
Modeling the Effect of Heat Treatment on Fatty Acid Composition in Home-Made Olive Oil Preparations
Open Life Sciences 2020; 15: 606–618 Research Article Dani Dordevic, Ivan Kushkevych*, Simona Jancikova, Sanja Cavar Zeljkovic, Michal Zdarsky, Lucia Hodulova Modeling the effect of heat treatment on fatty acid composition in home-made olive oil preparations https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0064 refined olive oil in PUFAs, though a heating temperature received May 09, 2020; accepted May 25, 2020 of 220°C resulted in similar decrease in MUFAs and fi Abstract: The aim of this study was to simulate olive oil PUFAs, in both extra virgin and re ned olive oil samples. ff fi use and to monitor changes in the profile of fatty acids in The study showed di erences in fatty acid pro les that home-made preparations using olive oil, which involve can occur during the culinary heating of olive oil. repeated heat treatment cycles. The material used in the Furthermore, the study indicated that culinary heating experiment consisted of extra virgin and refined olive oil of extra virgin olive oil produced results similar to those fi samples. Fatty acid profiles of olive oil samples were of the re ned olive oil heating at a lower temperature monitored after each heating cycle (10 min). The out- below 180°C. comes showed that cycles of heat treatment cause Keywords: virgin olive oil, refined olive oil, saturated significant (p < 0.05) differences in the fatty acid profile fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsatu- of olive oil. A similar trend of differences (p < 0.05) was rated fatty acids, cross-correlation analysis found between fatty acid profiles in extra virgin and refined olive oils. -
Essential Oils and Oil from Seeds of Syagrus Coronata
Vol. 10(23), pp. 310-317, 17 June, 2016 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2016.6098 Article Number: 89CD55858997 ISSN 1996-0875 Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Copyright © 2016 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Full Length Research Paper Syagrus coronata seed oils have antimicrobial action against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cibele Maria Alves da Silva Bessa1, Rodrigo Santana do Nascimento1, Renata Carla Corrêa Alves1*, José Matias Anselmo2, Ana Paula Sant'Anna da Silva1, Alexandre Gomes da Silva1, Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima1, Josean Fechine Tavares3, Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva1,2, Márcia Vanusa da Silva1 and Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia1 1Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. 2Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, Av. Jean Emile Favre, 420, Imbiribeira, 51200-060, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. 3Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, Castelo Branco, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Received 15 March, 2016; Accepted 20 May, 2016 Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae) is a native Brazilian palm (ouricuri) and despite the use of its derived products by traditional communities, few scientific reports have been published regarding its biomedical activity. This study investigates the chemical composition and anti-Staphylococcus aureus effects of both manufactured oil (SCO) and essential oil (SCEO) from S. coronata seeds. SCO was provided by rural inhabitants, while SCEO was obtained by hydrodistillation. Chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In vitro antimicrobial activity was determined against 17 S. aureus strains, including multidrug-resistant strains. -
Improvement of Lipid Production from an Oil-Producing Filamentous Fungus, Penicillium Brevicompactum NRC 829, Through Central Composite Statistical Design
Ann Microbiol (2017) 67:601–613 DOI 10.1007/s13213-017-1287-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Improvement of lipid production from an oil-producing filamentous fungus, Penicillium brevicompactum NRC 829, through central composite statistical design Thanaa H. Ali1 & Mamdouh S. El-Gamal2 & Dina H. El-Ghonemy1 & Ghada E. Awad3 & Amir E. Tantawy1 Received: 12 March 2017 /Accepted: 13 July 2017 /Published online: 7 August 2017 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany and the University of Milan 2017 Abstract In the present study, 13 filamentous fungi were commercial development for the production of LA by fer- screened for their lipid production and an oleaginous fun- mentation using cheap raw material. gus, Penicillium brevicompactum NRC 829, was found to be the highest lipid producer. Screening of various agro- Keywords Linoleic acid . Penicillium brevicompactum NRC industrial residues was performed and sunflower oil cake 829 . Response surface methodology . Unsaturated fatty acids proved to be the best substrate for lipid production. A central composite design was employed to investigate the optimum concentrations of the most significant medi- Introduction um components required to improve the lipid production by P. brevicompactum. The results clearly revealed that Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are long-chain fatty − the maximal lipid production of 8.014 ± 0.06 gL 1 acids containing two or more double bonds in their acyl (representing 57.6% lipid/dry biomass) was achieved by chains. Biosynthesis of PUFAs involves both methyl- the fungus when grown for 6 days at 30 °C under static directed and carboxyl-directed desaturases. The primary condition in a medium containing sunflower oil cake, product of fatty acid biosynthesis in oilseed crops is the NaNO3 and KCl at final concentrations of 8, 0.75 and 18-carbon monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1–9). -
National Food Safety Standard Determination of Fatty Acids in Foods
National Standard of the People’s Republic of China GB 5413.27 – 2010 National food safety standard Determination of fatty acids in foods for infants and young children, milk and milk products Issued on: 2010-03-26 Implemented on: 2010-06-01 Issued by the Ministry of Health of People’s Republic of China GB 5413.27–2010 Preface This standard replaces GB/T 21676 - 2008 Determination of Fatty Acids in Formula Foods and Milk Powder for Infants and Young Children, GB/T 5413.27 – 1997 Determination of DHA and EPA in Formula Foods and Milk Powder for Infants and Young Children and GB/T 5413.4 - 1997 Determination of Linoleic Acid in Formula Foods and Milk Powder for Infants and Young Children. Comparing with the original standards, the following main changes have been made to the Standard: the first method is Acetyl Chloride - Methanol Esterification; Integrate GB/T 21676 - 2008, GB/T 5413.27 – 1997 and GB/T 5413.4 – 1997 to the second method of this standard, Ammonia Water - Ethanol Extraction Method. Appendix A of this standard is informative. The versions replaced by this standard are: - GB/T 5413.4 – 1997, GB/T 5413.27 - 1997; - GB/T 21676 - 2008. 1 GB 5413.27–2010 National food safety standard Determination of fatty acids in foods for infants and young children, milk and milk products 1 Scope This standard provides the determination of fatty acids in infant foods and dairy. This standard applies to determination of fatty acids in infant foods and dairy; the second method doesn’t apply to determination of embedded fatty acid. -
Fatty Acids As Essential Adjuvants to Treat Various Ailments and Their Role in Drug Delivery: a Review
Nutrition 65 (2019) 138À157 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nutrition journal homepage: www.nutritionjrnl.com Review article Fatty acids as essential adjuvants to treat various ailments and their role in drug delivery: A review Aakash Katdare B. Pharm, MS. Pharm, Shreya Thakkar B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Shivshankar Dhepale B. Pharm, MS. Pharm, Dignesh Khunt B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Manju Misra B. Pharm, M. Pharm, Ph.D. * Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Since the discovery of fatty acids, a niche has been carved for their vital role as adjuvants in drug delivery and Received 23 May 2018 as treatment for various diseases. The literature has repeatedly described the essential role of various fatty Received in revised form 1 February 2019 acids in treating a wide range of diseases and disorders, from central nervous system diseases to wound heal- Accepted 20 March 2019 ing. The use of fatty acids has expanded to many horizons and in recent decades they have gained impor- tance as drug delivery adjuvants in addition to their auxiliary benefits in treating various diseases. Although Keywords: fatty acids aid in solving both formulation-based and therapeutic challenges to our knowledge, they have Polyunsaturated FA never been viewed as dual agents in modern scientific literature. The aim of this review was to provide this FA Lipids perspective and combine the very discreet literature about fatty acids, which includes their role as therapeu- Oils tic adjuvants and drug delivery agents. It gives insights on the use of fatty acids in treating the diseases of the Penetration enhancers eye, skin, central nervous system, viral diseases, and so on. -
Biochemistry Prologue to Lipids
Paper : 05 Metabolism of Lipids Module: 01 Prologue to Lipids Principal Investigator Dr. Sunil Kumar Khare, Professor, Department of Chemistry, IIT-Delhi Paper Coordinator and Dr. Suaib Luqman, Scientist (CSIR-CIMAP) Content Writer & Assistant Professor (AcSIR) CSIRDr. Vijaya-CIMAP, Khader Lucknow Dr. MC Varadaraj Content Reviewer Prof. Prashant Mishra, Professor, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, IIT-Delhi 1 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS Biochemistry Prologue to Lipids DESCRIPTION OF MODULE Subject Name Biochemistry Paper Name 05 Metabolism of Lipids Module Name/Title 01 Prologue to Lipids 2 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS Biochemistry Prologue to Lipids 1. Objectives To understand what is lipid Why they are important How they occur in nature 2. Concept Map LIPIDS Fatty Acids Glycerol 3. Description 3.1 Prologue to Lipids In 1943, the term lipid was first used by BLOOR, a German biochemist. Lipids are heterogeneous group of compounds present in plants and animal tissues related either actually or potentially to the fatty acids. They are amphipathic molecules, hydrophobic in nature originated utterly or in part by thioesters (carbanion-based condensations of fatty acids and/or polyketides etc) or by isoprene units (carbocation-based condensations of prenols, sterols, etc). Lipids have the universal property of being: i. Quite insoluble in water (polar solvent) ii. Soluble in benzene, chloroform, ether (non-polar solvent) 3 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS Biochemistry Prologue to Lipids Thus, lipids include oils, fats, waxes, steroids, vitamins (A, D, E and K) and related compounds, such as phospholipids, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides and others, which are allied more by their physical properties than by their chemical assests. -
Fast and Simple Free Fatty Acids Analysis Using UPC2/MS Giorgis Isaac,1 Michael D
Fast and Simple Free Fatty Acids Analysis Using UPC2/MS Giorgis Isaac,1 Michael D. Jones,1 Besnik Bajrami,1 Wassim Obeid,2 James Langridge,3 Patrick Hatcher2 1Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA 2Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA 3Waters Corporation, Manchester, UK APPLICATION BENEFITS INTRODUCTION ■■ Demonstrates the separation of free fatty Fatty acids, both free and as part of complex lipids, play a number of key roles acid (FFA) species based on chain length in metabolism – as major metabolic fuel (storage and transport of energy), as and number of double bonds essential components of all membranes, and as gene regulators. In addition, dietary lipids provide polyunsaturated fatty acids that are precursors of powerful ■■ No derivatization is required, which results in easier and fast sample preparation and locally acting metabolites, e.g., eicosanoids. eliminates artifact formation The common fatty acids of animal and plant origin have even-numbered chains ■■ Organic phase lipid extract can be directly of 16 to 24 carbon atoms with 0 to 6 double bonds. Nature provides countless injected onto the system, saving time and exceptions, however, and odd- and even-numbered fatty acids with up to nearly reducing cost per analysis 100 carbon atoms exist. In addition, double bonds can be of the cis (Z) and trans (E) configuration and there can be innumerable other structural features, ■■ Less than three-minute chromatographic including branch points, rings, oxygenated functions, and many more. separation is up to 10X faster compared to GC/MS Fatty acid chains may contain one or more double bonds at specific positions (unsaturated and poly unsaturated with cis (Z) or trans (E) configuration) or they ■■ Unlike GC/MS, low volatile and very long chain fatty acids (>24 carbon atoms) can be may be fully saturated. -
Measurement of Attenuation Cross-Sections of Some Fatty Acids in the Energy Range 122–1330 Kev
Pramana – J. Phys. (2016) 87: 12 c Indian Academy of Sciences DOI 10.1007/s12043-016-1213-y Measurement of attenuation cross-sections of some fatty acids in the energy range 122–1330 keV D K GAIKWAD1,∗,PPPAWAR1 and T P SELVAM2 1Department of Physics, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, India 2Radiation Physics and Advisory Division, BARC, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 085, India ∗Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] MS received 14 June 2015; revised 7 August 2015; accepted 7 September 2015; published online 18 June 2016 Abstract. The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) have been measured for undecylic acid (C11H22O2), lau- ric acid (C12H24O2), tridecylic acid (C13H26O2), myristic acid (C14H28O2), pentadecylic acid (C15H30O2)and 57 133 137 60 22 palmitic acid (C16H32O2)using Co, Ba, Cs, Co and Na emitted γ radiation with energies 122, 356, 511, 662, 1170, 1275 and 1330 keV, respectively. The accurate values of the effective atomic number (Zeff), atomic cross-section (σt,), electronic cross-section (σe) and the effective electron density (Neff) have great signifi- cance in radiation protection and dosimetry. These quantities were obtained by utilizing experimentally measured values of mass attenuation coefficients (μm). A NaI(Tl) scintillation detector with 8.2% (at 662 keV) resolu- tion was used for detecting of attenuated γ -photons. The variation in Zeff and Neff of fatty acids with energy is discussed. The experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement within 2% deviation. Keywords. Fatty acids; NaI(Tl) scintillation detector; Zeff and Neff. PACS Nos 32.80.−t; 32.90.+a; 32.80.Fb; 20; 33.80.−b 1.