Workplaces: The Transformation of Places of Production Industrialization and the Built Environment in the Islamic World Edited by Mohammad al-Asad Aga Khan Award for Architecture Workplaces: The Transformatıon of Places of Productıon Industralızatıon and the Buılt Envıronment ın the Islamıc World Edıted by Mohammad al-Asad ‹stanbul Bilgi Unıversıty Press 318 Cıty/Monography 5 Thıs book ıs publıshed by the cooperat›on wıth the Aga Khan award for Archıtecture ISBN 978-605-399-165-6 Fırst Edıtıon, ‹stanbul, December 2010 © The Aga Khan Award for Archıtecture and Bilgi ‹letiflim Grubu Yay›nc›l›k Müzik Yap›m ve Haber Ajans› Ltd. fiti. Address: ‹nönü Caddesi, No: 43/A Kufltepe fiiflli 34387 ‹stanbul - Türkiye Phone: +90 212 311 50 00 - 311 52 59 / Fax: +90 212 297 63 14 Aga Khan Award for Archıtecture P.O. Box 2049 1211 Geneva 2 Swıtzerland www.akdn.org/architecture www.bilgiyay.com E-maıl [email protected] Dıstrıbutıon [email protected] All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part there of, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise the prior written permission of the publisher. Cover Desıgn Irma Boom Electronıc Page Makeup Maraton Dizgievi / [email protected] Prınter and Bınder Ofset Yapımevi / [email protected] Şair Sokak No: 4 34410 Kağıthane - İstanbul - Türkiye Phone: +90 212 295 86 01 / Fax: +90 212 295 64 55 ‹stanbul Bilgi University Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the İstanbul Bilgi University Library Workplaces: The Transformation of Places of Production Industrialization and the Built Environment in the Islamic World / Edited by Mohammad al-Asad. 352 page. 21,5x28 cm. ISBN 978-605-399-165-6 (pbk.) 1. Architecture—Islamic countries. 2. Aga Khan Award for Architecture (Organization). 3. Architecture—Awards-Islamic countries I. Title II. al-Asad, Mohammad. NA2360.W675 2010 Contents 3 Preface Farrokh Derakhshani 5 Introduction: Exploring industrial architecture in the Islamic world Mohammad al-Asad 51 I. Chronological / geographic overviews 71 Industrial architecture and nation-building in Turkey: A historical overview Sibel Bozdogan 14 Industrial architecture in Egypt from Muhammad ‘Ali to Sadat: A field survey Ralph Bodenstein 18 The evolution of industrial architecture in Iran Faryar Javaherian 99 An overview of the development of industrial architecture in Malaysia Casey Tan Kok Chaon 109 II. Contemporary designs 111 The factory factor: Two industrial projects from Syria Sinan Hassan 129 Projects by Foster + Partners David Nelson 139 III. Agro-industrial projects and socio-economic development 141 IPS Agro: Industrial projects in the coastal regions of Kenya Jim Garnett 147 Working grounds: Four agro-industrial projects Hashim Sarkis 165 IV. The adaptive reuse of industrial facilities 167 Adaptive reuse of industrial buildings at Bahçeşehir University Ahmet Eyüce 185 Santralistanbul: Architectural problematics İhsan Bilgin 197 V. Contexts and future visions 199 Transformation of workplaces in Istanbul: Some macro urban form suggestions Süha Özkan 209 Places of production: An engineer’s perspective Hanif Kara 221 Afterword Mohsen Mostafavi 231 VI. Impressions: A photo essay on industrial architecture in Turkey Cemal Emden 223 List of authors in this monograph and seminar participants 227 Credits and acknowledgements for the My Workplace film 229 Illustration credits Preface FARROKH DERAKHSHANI large part of the world’s population, including in- was therefore organized during the eleventh Award cycle. creasing numbers of people in the Muslim world, Turkey was chosen for the seminar venue since it is the Is- A spend a majority of their time in places of production, lamic world’s most industrialized country, and Istanbul Bilgi such as factories, workshops, and industrial facilities. In most University, which itself is located on an old industrial site, cases, industrial facilities are built with only economic per- was a natural partner for this venture. At the seminar, archi- formance in mind; the welfare of those who work in these tects, engineers, and academics from around the world joined buildings has not been a major a concern. their Turkish counterparts to explore subjects such as the rel- The human aspects of the built environment, in parallel to atively little-known history of industrial buildings in Muslim innovative intelligent solutions for the functional and aes- societies, the contemporary design of industrial buildings, thetic aspects of projects, were a principal concern for His agro-industrial projects, and the adaptive re-use of industri- Highness the Aga Khan when he first established the Aga al facilities. Khan Award for Architecture in the late 1970s. In the past One of the numerous themes that the seminar, which was thirty years, the Award has strived to find exemplary works of entitled “Workplaces: The Transformation of Places of Pro- architecture and to share their unique qualities with those duction,” explored, was the rapidly-changing nature of many who are responsible for shaping our built environment. The industries and their modes of production. The old sheds that Award’s mandate is not only to recognize outstanding proj- contained traditional production lines are becoming obso- ects by permeating them, but it also plays a broader role in lete, and at the same time, the overwhelming growth of cit- the dissemination of ideas and information of concern to ar- ies in many Muslim countries has meant that what were pe- chitects and clients through its regular program of seminars, ripheral industrial sites are now located within dense urban meetings, and exhibitions. areas. The transformation of these sites to accommodate Addressing the issue of industrial facilities and places of new urban realities has become a major challenge for au- production has been on the Award’s agenda for many years. thorities. Many old industrial spaces were considered liabili- The fact that there was not a single industrial facility among ties for their surroundings, but, with imaginative program- the more than 100 projects that had received the Award ming, some of them have been transformed into assets that since 1980 was an issue that, it was felt, deserved further in- support a healthy urban life. Also, while older industrial facil- vestigation. An international seminar to explore this subject ities are being reconfigured to accommodate new functions, 6 Workplaces: The Transformation of Places of Production new construction techniques and materials have given archi- mental in the organization of the event since its inception. tects additional tools to design industrial facilities at scales Sefik Onat and Tolga Turgal, along with their team, coordi- that some decades ago where not possible. nated the logistics for the seminar with assistance from The seminar helped focus attention on the importance of Francesca Cantien at the Award. industrial facilities in the Muslim world. In fact, for the 2010 Mohammad al-Asad undertook the task of editing the cycle of the Aga Khan Award, the Master Jury selected the publication of the seminar proceedings. The proceedings in- Ipekyol Textile Factory in Edirne, Turkey, designed by Istan- clude a selection of papers presented at the seminar or pre- bul-based Emre Arolat Architects, as one of the five Award pared afterwards. The texts were copyedited by Cyrus Samii. recipients. The message that the jury wanted to convey in se- Sibel Bozdogan, one of the contributors to the proceedings, lecting the Ipekyol Factory was that a visionary client who al- oversaw its publication in coordination with Belgin Cinar at lows an architect to design a space of quality not only serves Bilgi University Press. The main photographic essay of this the well-being of his employees, but also ultimately helps in- volume is by Cemal Emden, who was commissioned to pho- crease productivity. tograph contemporary industrial sites in Turkey for the sem- The basis for the seminar was set by the Award Steering inar. Committee, and Mohammad al-Asad developed the concept It is hoped that this first publication on the topic of in- on their behalf. Suha Özkan, former Secretary General of the dustrial facilities in the Muslim World will trigger discussions Award, Han Tümertekin, member of the Award Steering Com- and draw the attention of both industrialists and designers to mittee, and İhsan Bilgin, Director of the Graduate Program in consider the quality of space and the welfare of users as Architectural Design at Istanbul Bilgi University were instru- prime objectives in creating the workplaces of the future. Introduction: Exploring industrial architecture in the Islamic world Mohammad al-Asad n spite of their ubiquity, factories, workshops, warehous- Attempts at industrialization emerged as an integral ing facilities and other building types intimately connect- component of the process of modern state-building in coun- I ed to the industrial process have yet to be the subject of tries throughout the Islamic world. The narratives for indus- any intense investigation in the diverse countries that make trialization differ considerably from one country to the other up the Islamic world. This book, which comes out of the and follow diverging chronologies, but a number of common “Transformation of Places of Production” seminar organized themes may be identified. In spite of the intensity of